US20240019309A1 - Remaining thermal trace extraction method, remaining thermal trace extraction apparatus and program - Google Patents

Remaining thermal trace extraction method, remaining thermal trace extraction apparatus and program Download PDF

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Publication number
US20240019309A1
US20240019309A1 US18/248,295 US202018248295A US2024019309A1 US 20240019309 A1 US20240019309 A1 US 20240019309A1 US 202018248295 A US202018248295 A US 202018248295A US 2024019309 A1 US2024019309 A1 US 2024019309A1
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image
heat trace
differential
thermal
trace area
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Yoshinari Shirai
Yasue KISHINO
Takayuki Suyama
Shin Mizutani
Kazuya Ohara
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NTT Inc
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/11—Region-based segmentation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/48—Thermography; Techniques using wholly visual means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
    • G01J5/0859—Sighting arrangements, e.g. cameras
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/174—Segmentation; Edge detection involving the use of two or more images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/194—Segmentation; Edge detection involving foreground-background segmentation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/10—Image acquisition
    • G06V10/12—Details of acquisition arrangements; Constructional details thereof
    • G06V10/14—Optical characteristics of the device performing the acquisition or on the illumination arrangements
    • G06V10/143—Sensing or illuminating at different wavelengths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/70—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning
    • G06V10/77—Processing image or video features in feature spaces; using data integration or data reduction, e.g. principal component analysis [PCA] or independent component analysis [ICA] or self-organising maps [SOM]; Blind source separation
    • G06V10/80—Fusion, i.e. combining data from various sources at the sensor level, preprocessing level, feature extraction level or classification level
    • G06V10/803—Fusion, i.e. combining data from various sources at the sensor level, preprocessing level, feature extraction level or classification level of input or preprocessed data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J2005/0077—Imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10048—Infrared image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20212—Image combination
    • G06T2207/20224—Image subtraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
    • G16H30/40—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for processing medical images, e.g. editing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/80—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics, e.g. flu

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat trace area extraction method, a heat trace area extraction apparatus, and a program.
  • a method of detecting a place where a person is present using a monitoring camera or the like and disinfecting only that place is conceivable.
  • a place where a person is present can be identified from a video with considerably high accuracy. If only a place where a person is present can be disinfected using such a technology, it is considered that the labor of disinfection is reduced. For example, it is not necessary to disinfect the periphery of the place in a time zone in which no person uses it at all. On the other hand, if it is known that a plurality of persons use the place, it is considered that the place can be disinfected earlier.
  • NPL 2 requires a strong light source such as a projector. Further, it is assumed that recognition accuracy is considerably affected by a positional relationship between the camera and the light source.
  • a strong light source cannot be freely installed in many environments, and is not considered that the strong light source is not suitable for the purpose of detecting and presenting a place touched by a person in various places and supporting disinfection.
  • the present invention was made in view of the aforementioned circumstances and an object of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of detection of places touched by people.
  • a computer executes a differential visible image generation procedure of generating a first differential image with respect to a visible image of a background of a certain range for a visible image in which the certain range is captured, a differential thermal image generation procedure of generating a second differential image with respect to a thermal image of the background for a thermal image in which the certain range is captured, and an extraction procedure of extracting a heat trace area on the basis of the first differential image and the second differential image.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of visible images and thermal images obtained by simultaneously photographing the same place.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of images obtained according to background subtraction.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration example of a heat trace area extraction apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a function configuration example of the heat trace area extraction apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart for describing an example of a processing procedure executed by the heat trace area extraction apparatus 10 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an output example of an extraction result of a heat trace area.
  • a device, a method, and a program for detecting a place touched by a person using a thermal image in order to help sterilize or disinfect viruses are disclosed. Since humans are homeothermic animals and heat emanates from their hands and feet, heat remains in a contact place for a certain period of time after a person touches something. For example, a method of abusing this heat trace to decode a pass code of a smartphone has been reported (“Yomna Abdelrahman, Mohamed Khamis, Stefan Schneegass, and Florian Alt. 2017. Stay Cool! Understanding Thermal Attacks on Mobile-based User Authentication. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '17), pp. 3751.3763, 2017”).
  • Heat traces remain not only on the screen of a smartphone but also on various places such as desks and walls. That is, if a heat trace is identified on the basis of a video (thermal image) of a thermal camera, a place touched by a person indoors or the like can be detected precisely.
  • a heat trace area can be extracted according to background subtraction with a thermal image from before a person touches as a background.
  • the human body area is also extracted along with a heat trace in this method. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a visible image is acquired simultaneously with a thermal image, and a heat trace area is extracted by comparing the thermal image with the visible image.
  • background subtraction is performed for each of a visible image and a thermal image, and a heat trace area is extracted from a difference in results of background subtraction. Since a heat trace cannot be observed in a visible image (that is, with the naked eye), the heat trace cannot be extracted even if background subtraction is performed for the visible image with a visible image from before a person touches as a background. On the other hand, when a person is present on the spot, if background subtraction is performed with a visible image captured in a state where the person is not present as a background, the area of the person is extracted. That is, when an area extracted according to background subtraction in a thermal image is similarly extracted in a visible image, it can be ascertained that the area is not a heat trace.
  • an area extracted in the thermal image according to background subtraction and not extracted in the visible image is highly likely to be a heat trace.
  • a heat trace area extracted by such a method is visualized, and a place touched by a person is transmitted to a user.
  • Simultaneous acquisition of a thermal image and a visible image may be performed using a device such as a sensor node (“Yoshinari Shirai, Yasue Kishino, Takayuki Suyama, Shin Mizutani: PASNIC: a thermal based privacy-aware sensor node for image capturing, UbiComp/ISWC '19 Adjunct, pp. 202-205, 2019”) including a visible light camera and a thermal camera.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of visible images and thermal images obtained by simultaneously photographing the same place.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of images obtained by simultaneously photographing a state in which a hand touches a door with a handle using a visible light camera and a thermal camera.
  • (a) and (a′) are a visible image and a thermal image at a time t 1 (before the hand touches the door), (b) and (b′) are a visible image and a thermal image at a time t 2 (in a state in which the hand is touching the door), and (c) and (c′) are a visible image and a thermal image at a time t 3 (after the hand touches the door).
  • the temperature of the touched place increases as shown in FIG. 1 ( c ′).
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of images obtained according to background subtraction.
  • differential images at the time t 2 and the time t 3 when the image at the time t 1 in FIG. 1 is used as a background image are shown.
  • the shape of the arm is extracted as a differential area for both the visible image and the thermal image at the time t 2 , whereas a part touching the door is extracted as a differential area only in the thermal image at the time t 3 .
  • a differential area extracted by background subtraction for the thermal image at the time t 3 may be disinfected.
  • a differential area extracted by background subtraction for the thermal image at the time t 2 includes a part that does not touch the door.
  • the differential area extracted in the thermal image at the time t 2 is actually an area where a human body is present and is not an area of a heat trace remaining after the door is actually touched. From the viewpoint of disinfection, the differential area extracted at the time t 3 may be specified, and the differential area extracted by background subtraction at the time t 2 is not necessary.
  • the differential area extracted in the thermal image is not a heat trace area. Since the shape of the arm is extracted even in the visible image at the time t 2 , it is determined that the differential area extracted in the thermal image is not a heat trace area (that is, a part touched by the person). On the other hand, since the area extracted by background subtraction of the thermal image is not extracted in the visible image at the time t 3 , it is determined that the differential area extracted in the thermal image is a heat trace area (that is, the part touched by the person). When the system presents information indicating the heat trace area extracted on the basis of such determination, a user who has viewed the information can efficiently disinfect the part touched by the person.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration example of the heat trace area extraction apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heat trace area extraction apparatus 10 in FIG. 3 includes a drive device 100 , an auxiliary storage device 102 , a memory device 103 , a CPU 104 , an interface device 105 , and the like which are connected via a bus B.
  • a program that realizes processing of the heat trace area extraction apparatus 10 is provided by a recording medium 101 such as a CD-ROM.
  • a recording medium 101 such as a CD-ROM.
  • the program is installed from the recording medium 101 to the auxiliary storage device 102 via the drive device 100 .
  • the program may not necessarily be installed from the recording medium 101 and may be downloaded from another computer via a network.
  • the auxiliary storage device 102 stores the installed program and stores necessary files, data, and the like.
  • the memory device 103 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 102 and stores the program when an instruction for starting the program is issued.
  • the CPU 104 executes functions relevant to the heat trace area extraction apparatus 10 according to the program stored in the memory device 103 .
  • the interface device 105 is used as an interface for connection to a network.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a functional configuration example of the heat trace area extraction apparatus 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heat trace area extraction apparatus 10 includes a visible image acquisition unit 11 , a background visible image generation unit 12 , a differential visible image generation unit 13 , a thermal image acquisition unit 14 , a background thermal image generation unit 15 , a differential thermal image generation unit 16 , a heat trace area extraction unit 17 , a heat trace area output unit 18 , and the like. These units are realized by processing caused by one or more programs installed in the heat trace area extraction apparatus 10 to be executed by the CPU 104 .
  • the heat trace area extraction apparatus 10 is connected to each of a visible light camera 21 and a thermal camera 22 such that images can be input from the visible light camera 21 and the thermal camera 22 .
  • the visible light camera 21 and the thermal camera 22 are installed so as to be able to photograph the same place (the same certain range). That is, the present embodiment is based on the assumption that the photographing area of the visible light camera 21 and the photographing area of the thermal camera 22 coincide with each other in units of pixels. When photographed parts of the visible light camera 21 and the thermal camera 22 do not coincide with each other, calibration may be performed in advance to ascertain correspondence between pixels of a visible image and a thermal image.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart for describing an example of a processing procedure executed by the heat trace area extraction apparatus 10 .
  • step S 101 the visible image acquisition unit 11 acquires a visible image captured by the visible light camera 21 , which is input from the visible light camera 21
  • the thermal image acquisition unit 14 acquires a thermal image captured by the thermal camera 22 , which is input from the thermal camera 22 .
  • acquisition of the visible image by the visible image acquisition unit 11 and acquisition of the thermal image by the thermal image acquisition unit 14 may be performed simultaneously or may not be performed simultaneously. If simultaneous acquisition is not performed, some frames of a camera having a higher frame rate may be ignored in accordance with a camera having a lower frame rate.
  • the visible image acquisition unit 11 transmits the acquired visible image to the background visible image generation unit 12
  • the thermal image acquisition unit 14 transmits the acquired thermal image to the background thermal image generation unit 15 .
  • the background visible image generation unit 12 stores the visible image transmitted from the visible image acquisition unit 11 in an auxiliary storage device 102
  • the background thermal image generation unit 15 stores the thermal image transmitted from the thermal image acquisition unit 14 in the auxiliary storage device 102 (S 102 ).
  • Steps S 101 and S 102 are repeated until a predetermined time T 1 elapses.
  • the predetermined time T 1 may be a period in which one or more visible images and one or more thermal images are accumulated in the auxiliary storage device 102 .
  • step S 104 the background visible image generation unit 12 generates a background image of a photographing range (referred to as a “background visible image” hereinafter) on the basis of a visible image group accumulated in the auxiliary storage device 102 in the predetermined period T 1 .
  • step S 104 the background thermal image generation unit 15 generates a background image of a photographing range (referred to as a “background thermal image” hereinafter) on the basis of a thermal image group accumulated in the auxiliary storage device 102 in the predetermined period T 1 .
  • a background image background visible image and background thermal image
  • RGB median value of pixel values
  • the predetermined time T 1 corresponds to the time t 1 in FIG. 1 . That is, the time T 1 may not be an instantaneous timing.
  • step S 105 and subsequent steps are executed.
  • Steps S 101 to S 104 and step S 105 may not be executed synchronously.
  • step S 105 and subsequent steps may be started according to an instruction different from the execution instruction for steps S 101 to S 104 .
  • step S 105 the visible image acquisition unit 11 and the thermal image acquisition unit 14 wait for the elapse of a predetermined time T 2 .
  • the predetermined time T 2 is, for example, an elapsed time from the time t 2 to the time t 3 in FIG. 2 .
  • the visible image acquisition unit 11 acquires a visible image (referred to as a “target visible image” hereinafter) input from the visible light camera 21
  • the thermal image acquisition unit 14 acquires a thermal image (referred to as a “target thermal image” hereinafter) input from the thermal camera 22 (S 106 ). It is desirable that the target visible image and the target thermal image be images captured simultaneously (or almost simultaneously).
  • the differential visible image generation unit 13 compares the background visible image generated by the background visible image generation unit 12 with the target visible image according to a background subtraction method and extracts a differential area with respect to the background visible image (area different from the background visible image) from the target visible image to generate a differential image representing a difference (referred to as a “differential visible image” hereinafter).
  • the differential thermal image generation unit 16 compares the background thermal image generated by the background thermal image generation unit 15 with the target thermal image according to the background subtraction method and extracts a differential area with respect to the background thermal image (area different from the background thermal image) from the target visible image, thereby generating a differential image representing a difference (referred to as a “differential thermal image” hereinafter).
  • each differential image is sent to the heat trace area extraction unit 17 .
  • the heat trace area extraction unit 17 compares the differential visible image with the differential thermal image and extracts a heat trace area in the imaging range (S 108 ).
  • the heat trace area extraction unit 17 first performs labeling (extraction of connection area) on each binary image which is the differential visible image or the differential thermal image. Next, the heat trace area extraction unit 17 compares degrees of overlap between one or more differential areas obtained by labeling of the differential thermal image (referred to as “differential thermal areas” hereinafter) and one or more differential areas obtained by labeling of the differential visible image (referred to as “differential visible areas” hereinafter).
  • the heat trace area extraction unit 17 counts whether or not the differential areas to be compared match in pixel units, and determines that two compared differential areas are not similar when a matching rate is a certain threshold value or more.
  • the heat trace area extraction unit 17 extracts a heat difference area which is not similar to any differential visible region as a heat trace area.
  • the heat trace area extraction unit 17 transmits information indicating the heat trace area and the background visible image to the heat trace area output unit 18 .
  • the heat trace area extraction unit 17 may generate a binary image in which the heat trace area part is white and the other part is black and transmit the binary image to the heat trace area output unit 18 as the information indicating the heat trace area. It should be noted that determination of a similarity between areas is actively performed in research of pattern matching or the like, and the present embodiment is not limited to a predetermined method
  • the heat trace area output unit 18 outputs information indicating the extraction result of the heat trace area such that a user can check the information (S 109 ).
  • the heat trace area output unit 18 may output an image obtained by combining white pixels of the binary image indicating the heat trace area on the background visible image.
  • the output form is not limited to a predetermined form. For example, setting in a display device, storage in the auxiliary storage device 102 , and transmission to a user terminal via a network may be performed.
  • step S 105 and subsequent steps are executed.
  • step S 109 may be executed after steps S 105 to S 108 are repeated executed a plurality of times. In this case, heat trace areas extracted the plurality of times can be output collectively.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an output example of a heat trace area extraction result.
  • a part of the background visible image touched by a hand of a person is painted out black (however, black is a color for convenience and an actual color may be other colors such as white). The user can recognize the part as a heat trace area.
  • steps S 101 to S 103 may be executed in parallel with step S 105 and subsequent steps.
  • the background visible image and the background thermal image are periodically updated. Therefore, it is possible to expect improvement of resistance to change in the background according to the lapse of time.
  • the present embodiment is applicable to a moving thing if the position of an object that is a target touched by a person can be specified in an image.
  • a QR code registered trademark
  • the QR code registered trademark
  • a heat trace remaining on the seat surface can be estimated with the seat surface as a background even when the chair moves, and the heat trace can be displayed on the seat surface on an image.
  • Various techniques for estimating the position of an object in an image have been proposed and are not limited to the use of the QR code (registered trademark).
  • the differential visible image is an example of a first differential image.
  • the differential thermal image is an example of a second differential image.
  • the heat trace area extraction unit 17 is an example of an extraction unit.

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