US20230068507A1 - Chimeric antigen receptors for removal of amyloid - Google Patents

Chimeric antigen receptors for removal of amyloid Download PDF

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US20230068507A1
US20230068507A1 US17/793,355 US202117793355A US2023068507A1 US 20230068507 A1 US20230068507 A1 US 20230068507A1 US 202117793355 A US202117793355 A US 202117793355A US 2023068507 A1 US2023068507 A1 US 2023068507A1
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amyloid
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chimeric receptor
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Jonathan S. Wall
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    • C12N2510/00—Genetically modified cells

Definitions

  • This application relates to chimeric antigen receptors that can be used to remove amyloid or treat amyloid-related diseases.
  • Amyloidosis is a devastating pathology that is associated not only with the development of Alzheimer's disease, but also with lesser known, but similarly devastating, disorders such as immunoglobulin light chain-associated (AL) amyloidosis (Dispenzieri. A., et al., Blood Rev, 2012. 26(4): p. 137-54; Merlini, G., Hematology Am Soc Hematol Edu Program, 2017. 2017(1): p. 1-12).
  • AL immunoglobulin light chain-associated
  • amyloid deposits in systemic diseases are immunologically inert—they are not recognized or cleared by phagocytic cells of the immune system (macrophages, “M ⁇ ”) and do not illicit an antibody response.
  • M ⁇ phagocytic cells of the immune system
  • the prognosis is poor with a median survival of ⁇ 9 mos (Gertz, M. A., et al., Blood, 1991. 77(2): p. 257-62; Grogan, M., A. et al., Heart, 2017. 103(14): p. 1065-1072).
  • Treatment of AL amyloidosis generally involves anti-plasma cell chemotherapy and immunotherapy to suppress plasma cell secretion of the amyloid forming light chain protein.
  • clearance of existing tissue amyloid has now become a major goal of many of the novel therapeutics being developed for these patients.
  • MGUS monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance
  • LC-associated amyloidosis in which highly ordered protein fibrils composed of LC, or their fragments, deposit in the extracellular space of organs and tissues including the liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, intestines, and nerves (Dispenzieri, A., et al., Blood Rev, 2012. 26(4): p. 137-54; Merlini, G., Hematology Am Soc Hematol Edu Program, 2017. 2017(1): p. 1-12; Wechalekar, A.
  • amyloid fibrils deposit in association with heparan sulfate proteoglycans and serum-derived proteins, such as serum amyloid P component (SAP), resulting in a complex pathologic matrix.
  • SAP serum amyloid P component
  • amyloid is an “unnatural” protein aggregate, it is non-immunogenic and surprisingly resistant, in patients, to clearance by phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. In fact, evaluation of autopsy-derived material shows no definitive influx of immune cells.
  • AL amyloidosis are the primary manifestations (Kristen, A. V., et al., J Am Coll Cardiol, 2016. 68(1): p. 13-24; Banypersad, S. M., et al., Eur Heart J, 2015. 36(4): p. 244-51).
  • Established clinical management of patients with AL amyloidosis aims to prevent production of the pro-amyloidogenic precursor LC protein, thereby preventing expansion of the amyloid load. This is accomplished by using plasma cell chemo- and immunotherapy (Chaulagain, C. P. and R. L.
  • amyloid-reactive monoclonal antibodies have been developed over the last 20 years and, recently, clinical trials of three reagents have been conducted (Richards, D. B., et al., Sci Transl Med, 2018. 10(422); Edwards, C. V., et al., Amyloid, 2017. 24(supl): p. 58-59; Gertz, M.
  • CAR chimeric antigen receptors
  • M ⁇ presenting a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprising a CD19 binding receptor and cytoplasmic pro-phagocytosis signaling elements has been demonstrated to exhibit enhanced uptake of CD19-coated beads and improved killing of CD19-expressing B-lymphocytes in culture (Morrissey, M. A., et al., Elife, 2018. 7).
  • a chimeric receptor comprising: a cytoplasmic domain, wherein the cytoplasmic domain comprises a signaling domain of a receptor that when activated activates a macrophage; a transmembrane domain; and an extracellular domain, wherein the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid binding region.
  • the extracellular domain comprises an antibody or functional fragment thereof.
  • the antibody fragment is an scFv.
  • the antibody comprises a VL comprising a CDRL1, a CDRL2, and an CDRL3 and a VH comprising a CDRH1, a CDRH2, and a CDRH3, wherein the CDRL1 comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:24; the CDRL2 comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:25; the CDRL3 comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:26; the CDRH1 comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:21; the CDRH2 comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:22; and the CDRH3 comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:23.
  • the antibody comprises a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19 or 34 and a VH comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:20 or 35.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises an 11-1F4 antibody fragment.
  • the antibody fragment is humanized.
  • the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-reactive peptide.
  • the amyloid-reactive peptide comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1-18.
  • the amyloid binding region is joined directly or indirectly to a CH2 domain or fragment thereof.
  • the CH2 domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:33.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a cytoplasmic domain I, cytoplasmic domain II, or functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99 sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30, 31, 41, 42, or 45.
  • binding of an amyloid to the extracellular domain activates the cytoplasmic domain of the chimeric receptor.
  • the chimeric the receptor has 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 43 with or without the secretory leader sequence.
  • each component of the receptor has 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the corresponding component of SEQ ID NO:43 together or separately.
  • nucleic acid encoding the chimeric receptor provided herein.
  • an engineered cell comprising nucleic acid encoding a chimeric receptor provided herein.
  • provided herein is a method for removing an amyloid, comprising contacting an amyloid deposit with a chimeric receptor provided herein or an engineered cell of claim comprising a chimeric receptor provided herein.
  • the amyloid is AA, AL, AK ATTR, Aß2M, Wild type TTR, AApoAI, AApoAII, AGel, ALys, ALect2, Afib, ACys, ACal, AMedin, AIAPP, APro, AIns, APrP, or A ⁇ .
  • the amyloid binding region of the chimeric receptor has binding affinity to the amyloid.
  • contacting the amyloid deposit with the chimeric receptor results in at least partial clearance of the amyloid.
  • Also provided herein is a method of treating a subject having an amyloid disorder comprising administering to the subject a chimeric receptor provided herein or an engineered cell provided herein.
  • administering to the subject the chimeric receptor comprises administering a macrophage or monocyte expressing the chimeric receptor.
  • FIG. 1 shows provides a schematic representation of 11-1F4 scFv (left, labeled “(i) 11-1F4”) and p5+14 peptide-based (right, labeled “(ii) Peptide”) amyloid-specific CAR structures.
  • the 11-1F4-based CAR includes, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain consisting of an 11-1F4 antibody scFv (including a VL (represented as a dark gray oval), a scFv linker (line connecting the VL and the VH), and a VH (medium gray oval), a spacer sequence (diamond), a transmembrane domain (rectangle), and a cytoplasmic domain (larger medium gray oval).
  • an 11-1F4 antibody scFv including a VL (represented as a dark gray oval), a scFv linker (line connecting the VL and the VH), and a VH (medium gray oval), a spacer sequence (diamond), a transmembrane domain (rectangle), and a cytoplasmic domain (larger medium gray oval).
  • the peptide-based CAR includes, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain consisting of a p5+14 peptide, a first spacer sequence (smaller diamond), a CH2 domain (checkerboard oval), a second spacer sequence (larger diamond), a transmembrane domain (rectangle), and a cytoplasmic domain (larger medium gray oval).
  • FIG. 2 shows whole-body anterior 123 I-SAP scintigraphy immediately before monoclonal antibody infusion (left) and at day 42 after monoclonal antibody infusion (right). A marked reduction in hepatic amyloid load was observed. From Richards et al. (Sci Transl Med, 2018 10 (422)).
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the features of a chimeric antigen receptor.
  • FIGS. 4 A- 4 D show the results of experiments evaluating in vivo administration of m11-1F4.
  • FIG. 4 A shows human AL amyloid extract implanted subcutaneously in a mouse (arrow) detected by SPECT/CT image using 125 I-m11-1F4.
  • FIG. 4 B shows that treatment of mice bearing subcutaneous human AL amyloid (arrow) with m11-1F4 caused regression of the lesion.
  • FIG. 4 C shows a control treated animal.
  • FIG. 4 D shows the biodistribution of 124 I-m11-1F4 in patient with AL amyloidosis by PET/CT imaging. Arrow is uptake of mAb in enlarged, amyloid-laden liver.
  • FIGS. 5 A- 5 B show results showing that peptide p5+14 binds human AL amyloid in tissue sections.
  • FIG. 4 A shows that when radioiodinated, 124 I-p5+14 was seen to co-localize with organs likely to contain amyloid (kidneys, spleen, and pancreas) in a patient with AL amyloidosis.
  • FIG. 5 B shows PET/CT imaging of the patient.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of proposed 11-1F4 scFv (let, labeled “(i) 1-1F4”) and p5+14 peptide-based (right, labeled “(ii) Peptide”) CAR structures.
  • Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value of the range and/or to the other particular value of the range. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. In certain example embodiments, the term “about” is understood as within a range of normal tolerance in the art, for example within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
  • Administration The introduction of a composition into a subject by a chosen route.
  • the chosen route is intravenous
  • the composition is administered by introducing the composition into a vein of the subject.
  • a peptides are administered to a subject.
  • amyloids amyloid deposits, amyloid fibrils, and amyloid fibers refer to insoluble fibrous protein aggregates sharing specific structural traits.
  • the protein aggregates have a tertiary structure, for example, that is formed by aggregation of any of several different proteins and that consists of an ordered arrangement of ⁇ sheets stacked perpendicular to a fiber axis. See Sunde et al., J. Mol. Biol. (1997) 273:729-39.
  • amyloids Abnormal accumulation of amyloids in organs may lead to amyloidosis Although they are diverse in their occurrence, all amyloids have common morphologic properties in that they stain with specific dyes such as Congo red and have a characteristic red-green birefringent appearance in polarized light after staining. Amyloids also share common ultrastructural features and common x-ray diffraction and infrared spectra.
  • Amyloidosis refers to a pathological condition or disease characterized by the presence of amyloids, such as the presence of amyloid deposits.
  • Amyloid diseases or “amyloidosis” are diseases associated with the formation, deposition, accumulation or persistence of amyloid fibrils. Such diseases include, but are not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type, and cerebral beta-amyloid angiopathy.
  • Other amyloid diseases such as systemic AA amyloidosis, AL amyloidosis, ATTR amyloidosis, ALect2 amyloidosis, and IAPP amyloidosis of type II diabetes are also amyloid diseases.
  • Amyloidogenic refers to producing or tending to produce amyloid deposits.
  • certain soluble monomeric proteins can undergo extensive conformational changes leading to their aggregation into well-ordered, unbranching, 8- to 10-nm wide fibrils, which culminate in the formation of amyloid aggregates.
  • More than thirty proteins, for example, have been found to form amyloid deposits (or amyloids) in man.
  • Other proteins of the class can form amyloid deposits and are thus amyloidogenic.
  • light chain protein some may be deemed more “amyloidogenic” than others based upon the ease with which they form amyloid fibrils. Certain light chain proteins are deemed non-amyloidogenic or less amyloidogenic because of their inability to readily form amyloid fibrils in patients or in vitro.
  • Animal Living multi-cellular vertebrate organisms, a category that includes, for example, mammals and birds.
  • the term mammal includes both human and non-human mammals.
  • the term “subject” includes both human and veterinary subjects.
  • a subject is a subject, such as a subject suffering from an amyloid disease.
  • Clearance refers to reducing or removing by a measurable degree.
  • the clearance of an amyloid deposit as described herein relates to reducing or removing the deposit to a measurable or discernable degree. Clearance may result in 100% removal, but is not required to. Rather, clearance may result in less than 100% removal, such as about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or more removal.
  • Antibody refers to single chain, two-chain, and multi-chain proteins and glycoproteins belonging to the classes of polyclonal, monoclonal, chimeric and hetero immunoglobulins (monoclonal antibodies being preferred); it also includes synthetic and genetically engineered variants of these immunoglobulins.
  • An “antibody fragment” includes Fab, Fab′, F(ab)2, scFv and Fv fragments, as well as any portion of an antibody having specificity toward a desired target epitope or epitopes.
  • a “monoclonal antibody” is an antibody produced by a single done of B-lymphocytes. Monoclonal antibodies are produced by methods known to those of skill in the art, for instance by making hybrid antibody-forming cells from a fusion of myeloma cells with immune spleen cells.
  • An epitope refers to a site on an antigen recognized by an antibody, as determined by the specificity of the antibody amino acid sequence Epitopes are also called antigenic determinants.
  • the epitope may be portion of a recombinant protein that is recognized by the particular antibody.
  • the epitope may be a conformational epitope and linear epitope.
  • Chimeric antibody refers to an antibody that includes sequences derived from two different antibodies, which typically are of different species. Most typically, chimeric antibodies include human and murine antibody fragments, generally human constant and murine variable regions.
  • Humanized antibody refers to an antibody derived from a non-human antibody, typically murine, and a human antibody which retains or substantially retains the antigen-binding properties of the parent antibody but which is less immunogenic in humans.
  • Complementarity Determining Region or CDR refers to amino acid sequences that together define the binding affinity and specificity of the natural Fv region of a native immunoglobulin binding site.
  • the light and heavy chains of an immunoglobulin each have three CDRs, designated L-CDR1, L-CDR2, L-CDR3 and H-CDR1, H-CDR2, H-CDR3, respectively.
  • the CDRs of the light chain are bounded by the residues at positions 24 and 34 (L-CDR1), 50 and 56 (L-CDR2), 89 and 97 (L-CDR3); the CDRs of the heavy chain are bounded by the residues at positions 31 and 35b (H-CDR1), 50 and 65 (H-CDR2), 95 and 102 (H-CDR3), using the numbering convention delineated by Kabat et al., (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Edition, Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (NIH Publication No. 91-3242).
  • Framework region refers to amino acid sequences interposed between CDRs. These portions of the antibody serve to hold the CDRs in an appropriate orientation for antigen binding.
  • Effective amount or Therapeutically effective amount The amount of agent that is sufficient to prevent, treat (including prophylaxis), reduce and/or ameliorate the symptoms and/or underlying causes of any of a disorder or disease, for example to prevent, inhibit, and/or amyloidosis.
  • an “effective amount” is sufficient to reduce or eliminate a symptom of a disease.
  • An effective amount can be administered one or more times.
  • Expression Control Sequences Nucleic acid sequences that regulate the expression of a heterologous nucleic acid sequence to which it is operatively linked. Expression control sequences are operatively linked to a nucleic acid sequence when the expression control sequences control and regulate the transcription and, as appropriate, translation of the nucleic acid sequence.
  • expression control sequences can include appropriate promoters, enhancers, transcription terminators, a start codon (ATG) in front of a protein-encoding gene, splicing signal for introns, maintenance of the correct reading frame of that gene to permit proper translation of mRNA, and stop codons.
  • control sequences is intended to include, at a minimum, components whose presence can influence expression, and can also include additional components whose presence is advantageous, for example, leader sequences and fusion partner sequences. Expression control sequences can include a promoter.
  • a promoter is a minimal sequence sufficient to direct transcription. Also included are those promoter elements which are sufficient to render promoter-dependent gene expression controllable for cell-type specific, tissue-specific, or inducible by external signals or agents; such elements may be located in the 5′ or 3′ regions of the gene. Both constitutive and inducible promoters are included (see for example, Bitter et ah, Methods in Enzymology 153:516-544, 1987). For example, when cloning in bacterial systems, inducible promoters such as pL of bacteriophage lambda, plac, ptrp, ptac (ptrp-lac hybrid promoter) and the like may be used.
  • promoters derived from the genome of mammalian cells can be used. Promoters produced by recombinant DNA or synthetic techniques may also be used to provide for transcription of the nucleic acid sequences.
  • a polynucleotide can be inserted into an expression vector that contains a promoter sequence which facilitates the efficient transcription of the inserted genetic sequence of the host.
  • the expression vector typically contains an origin of replication, a promoter, as well as specific nucleic acid sequences that allow phenotypic selection of the transformed cells.
  • Inhibit To reduce by a measurable degree. Inhibition does not, for example, require complete loss of function or complete cessation of the aspect being measured. For example, inhibiting plaque formation can mean stopping further growth of the plaque, slowing further growth of the plaque, or reducing the size of the plaque.
  • Inhibiting or treating a disease Inhibiting the full development of a disease or condition, for example, inhibiting amyloidosis.
  • “Treatment” refers to a therapeutic intervention that ameliorates a sign or symptom of a disease or pathological condition after it has begun to develop.
  • the term “ameliorating,” with reference to a disease or pathological condition refers to any observable beneficial effect of the treatment. The beneficial effect can be evidenced, for example, by a delayed onset of clinical symptoms of the disease in a susceptible subject, a reduction in severity of some or all clinical symptoms of the disease, a slower progression of the disease, an improvement in the overall health or well-being of the subject, or by other parameters well known in the art that are specific to the particular disease.
  • a “prophylactic” treatment is a treatment administered to a subject who does not exhibit signs of a disease or exhibits only early signs for the purpose of decreasing the risk of developing pathology.
  • inhibition refers to the prevention of reduction in the formation of the amyloid deposit, such as when compared to a control. For example, inhibition may result in a reduction of about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or more of an amyloid deposit as compared to a control.
  • Isolated An “isolated” biological component, such as a peptide, cell, nucleic acid, or serum samples has been substantially separated, produced apart from, or purified away from other biological components in the cell of the organism in which the component naturally occurs, for instance, other chromosomal and extrachromosomal DNA and RNA, and proteins Nucleic acids, peptides and proteins that have been “isolated” thus include nucleic acids and proteins purified by standard purification methods. The term also embraces nucleic acids, peptides and proteins prepared by recombinant expression in a cell as well as chemically synthesized peptide and nucleic acids. The term “isolated” or “purified” does not require absolute purity, rather, it is intended as a relative term.
  • an isolated peptide preparation is one in which the peptide or protein is more enriched than the peptide or protein is in its natural environment within a cell.
  • a preparation is purified such that the protein or peptide represents at least 50% of the total peptide or protein content of the preparation, such as at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or even at least 99% of the peptide or protein concentration.
  • join refers to any method known in the art for functionally connecting proteins and/or protein domains.
  • one protein domain may be linked to another protein domain via a covalent bond, such as in a recombinant fusion protein, with or without intervening sequences or domains.
  • Joined also includes, for example, the integration of two sequences together, such as placing two nucleic acid sequences together in the same nucleic acid strand so that the sequences are expressed together.
  • Nucleic acid A polymer composed of nucleotide units (ribonucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides, related naturally occurring structural variants, and synthetic non-naturally occurring analogs thereof) linked via phosphodiester bonds, related naturally occurring structural variants, and synthetic non-naturally occurring analogs thereof.
  • nucleotide polymers in which the nucleotides and the linkages between them include non-naturally occurring synthetic analogs, such as, for example and without limitation, phosphorothioates, phosphoramidates, methyl phosphonates, chiral-methyl phosphonates, 2-O-methyl ribonucleotides, peptide-nucleic acids (PNAs), and the like.
  • oligonucleotide typically refers to short polynucleotides, generally no greater than about 50 nucleotides. It will be understood that when a nucleotide sequence is represented by a DNA sequence (i.e., A, T, G, C), this also includes an RNA sequence (i.e., A, U, G, C) in which “U” replaces “T.”
  • Nucleotide includes, but is not limited to, a monomer that includes a base linked to a sugar, such as a pyrimidine, purine or synthetic analogs thereof, or a base linked to an amino acid, as in a peptide nucleic acid (PNA).
  • a nucleotide is one monomer in a polynucleotide.
  • a nucleotide sequence refers to the sequence of bases in a polynucleotide.
  • nucleotide sequences the left-hand end of a single-stranded nucleotide sequence is the 5′-end; the left-hand direction of a double-stranded nucleotide sequence is referred to as the 5′-direction.
  • the direction of 5′ to 3′ addition of nucleotides to nascent RNA transcripts is referred to as the transcription direction.
  • the DNA strand having the same sequence as an mRNA is referred to as the “coding strand;” sequences on the DNA strand having the same sequence as an mRNA transcribed from that DNA and which are located 5′ to the 5′-end of the RNA transcript are referred to as “upstream sequences;” sequences on the DNA strand having the same sequence as the RNA and which are 3′ to the 3′ end of the coding RNA transcript are referred to as “downstream sequences.”
  • cDNA refers to a DNA that is complementary or identical to an mRNA, in either single stranded or double stranded form.
  • Encoding refers to the inherent property of specific sequences of nucleotides in a polynucleotide, such as a gene, a cDNA, or an mRNA, to serve as templates for synthesis of other polymers and macromolecules in biological processes having either a defined sequence of nucleotides (for example, rRNA, tRNA and mRNA) or a defined sequence of amino acids and the biological properties resulting therefrom.
  • a gene encodes a protein if transcription and translation of mRNA produced by that gene produces the protein in a cell or other biological system.
  • coding strand the nucleotide sequence of which is identical to the mRNA sequence and is usually provided in sequence listings
  • non-coding strand used as the template for transcription
  • a “nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence” includes all nucleotide sequences that are degenerate versions of each other and that encode the same amino acid sequence. Nucleotide sequences that encode proteins and RNA may include introns.
  • Recombinant nucleic acid refers to a nucleic acid having nucleotide sequences that are not naturally joined together. This includes nucleic acid vectors, such as adenoviral vectors, comprising an amplified or assembled nucleic acid which can be used to transform a suitable host cell. A host cell that comprises the recombinant nucleic acid is referred to as a “recombinant host cell.” The gene is then expressed in the recombinant host cell to produce, such as a “recombinant polypeptide.” A recombinant nucleic acid may serve a non-coding function (such as a promoter, origin of replication, ribosome-binding site, etc.) as well. A first sequence is an “antisense” with respect to a second sequence if a polynucleotide whose sequence is the first sequence specifically hybridizes with a polynucleotide whose sequence is the second sequence.
  • nucleic acid vectors such as adenoviral vectors
  • compositions and formulations suitable for pharmaceutical delivery of the fusion proteins herein disclosed are conventional. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences , by E. W. Martin, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 19 th Edition (1995), describes compositions and formulations suitable for pharmaceutical delivery of the fusion proteins herein disclosed.
  • parenteral formulations usually comprise injectable fluids that include pharmaceutically and physiologically acceptable fluids such as water, physiological saline, balanced salt solutions, aqueous dextrose, glycerol or the like as a vehicle.
  • pharmaceutically and physiologically acceptable fluids such as water, physiological saline, balanced salt solutions, aqueous dextrose, glycerol or the like as a vehicle.
  • physiologically acceptable fluids such as water, physiological saline, balanced salt solutions, aqueous dextrose, glycerol or the like
  • solid compositions e.g., powder, pill, tablet, or capsule forms
  • conventional non-toxic solid carriers can include, for example, pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, or magnesium stearate.
  • compositions to be administered can contain minor amounts of non-toxic auxiliary substances, such as wetting or emulsifying agents, preservatives, and pH buffering agents and the like, for example sodium acetate or sorbitan monolaurate.
  • non-toxic auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, preservatives, and pH buffering agents and the like, for example sodium acetate or sorbitan monolaurate.
  • Polypeptide A polymer in which the monomers are amino acid residues that are joined together through amide bonds. When the amino acids are alpha-amino acids, either the L-optical isomer or the D-optical isomer can be used, the L-isomers being preferred.
  • the terms “polypeptide” or “protein” as used herein is intended to encompass any amino acid sequence and include modified sequences such as glycoproteins.
  • the term “polypeptide” is specifically intended to cover naturally occurring proteins, as well as those that are recombinantly or synthetically produced. In some examples, a peptide is one or more of the peptides disclosed herein.
  • purified does not require absolute purity; rather, it is intended as a relative term.
  • a purified protein preparation is one in which the protein referred to is more pure than the protein in its natural environment within a cell or within a production reaction chamber (as appropriate).
  • a recombinant nucleic acid is one that has a sequence that is not naturally occurring or has a sequence that is made by an artificial combination of two otherwise separated segments of sequence. This artificial combination is often accomplished by chemical synthesis or, more commonly, by the artificial manipulation of isolated segments of nucleic acids, e.g., by genetic engineering techniques.
  • Sequence Identity The similarity between two nucleic acid sequences, or two amino acid sequences, is expressed in terms of the similarity between the sequences, otherwise referred to as sequence identity. Sequence identity is frequently measured in terms of percentage identity (or similarity or homology); the higher the percentage, the more similar the two sequences are.
  • NCBI Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) (Altschul et al. J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410, 1990) is available from several sources, including the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, Bethesda, Md.) and on the Internet, for use in connection with the sequence analysis programs blastp, blastn, blastx, tblastn and tblastx.
  • a first nucleic acid sequence is operably linked with a second nucleic acid sequence when the first nucleic acid sequence is placed in a functional relationship with the second nucleic acid sequence.
  • a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if the promoter affects the transcription or expression of the coding sequence.
  • operably linked DNA sequences are contiguous and, where necessary to join two protein-coding regions, in the same reading frame.
  • Pharmaceutical agent A chemical compound or composition capable of inducing a desired therapeutic or prophylactic effect when properly administered to a subject or a cell.
  • Vector A nucleic acid molecule as introduced into a host cell, thereby producing a transformed host cell.
  • Recombinant DNA vectors are vectors having recombinant DNA.
  • a vector can include nucleic acid sequences that permit it to replicate in a host cell, such as an origin of replication.
  • a vector can also include one or more selectable marker genes and other genetic elements known in the art.
  • Viral vectors are recombinant DNA vectors having at least some nucleic acid sequences derived from one or more viruses.
  • the term vector includes plasmids, linear nucleic acid molecules, and as described throughout adenovirus vectors and adenoviruses.
  • a subject refers to a vertebrate.
  • the vertebrate may be a mammal, for example, a human.
  • the subject may be a human patient
  • a subject may be a patient suffering from or suspected of suffering from a disease or condition and may be in need of treatment or diagnosis or may be in need of monitoring for the progression of the disease or condition.
  • the patient may also be in on a treatment therapy that needs to be monitored for efficacy.
  • a subject includes a subject suffering from amyloidosis, such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's or prion diseases, or peripheral amyloidosis such as seen in patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis and type 2 diabetes.
  • amyloidosis such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's or prion diseases
  • peripheral amyloidosis such as seen in patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis and type 2 diabetes.
  • treating or treatment refer to a therapeutic intervention that ameliorates a sign or symptom of a disease or pathological condition after it has begun to develop.
  • the term “ameliorating,” with reference to a disease or pathological condition refers to any observable beneficial effect of the treatment.
  • the beneficial effect can be evidenced, for example, by a delayed onset of clinical symptoms of the disease in a susceptible subject, a reduction in severity of some or all clinical symptoms of the disease, a slower progression of the disease, an improvement in the overall health or well-being of the subject, or by other parameters well known in the art that are specific to the particular disease.
  • a “prophylactic” treatment is a treatment administered to a subject who does not exhibit signs of a disease or exhibits only early signs for the purpose of decreasing the risk of developing pathology.
  • residue positions which are not identical differ by conservative amino acid substitutions.
  • conservative amino aid substitutions refer to the interchangeability of residues having similar side chains.
  • a group of amino acids having aliphatic side chains is glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine
  • a group of amino acids having aliphatic-hydroxyl side chains is serine and threonine
  • a group of amino acids having amide-containing side chains is asparagine and glutamine
  • a group of amino acids having aromatic side chains is phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan
  • a group of amino acids having basic side chains is lysine, arginine, and histidine
  • a group of amino acids having sulfur-containing side chains is cysteine and methionine.
  • Preferred conservative amino acids substitution groups are: valine-leucine-isoleucine, phenylalanine-tyrosine, lysine-arginine, alanine valine, glutamic-aspartic, and asparagine-glutamine.
  • amino acid sequences of the antigen receptors are contemplated as being encompassed by the present invention, providing that the variations in the amino acid sequence maintain at least 75%, more preferably at least 80%, 90%, 95%, and most preferably 99%.
  • conservative amino acid replacements are contemplated. Conservative replacements are those that take place within a family of amino acids that are related in their side chains.
  • amino acids are generally divided into families: (1) acidic amino acids are aspartate, glutamate; (2) basic amino acids are lysine, arginine, histidine; (3)non-polar amino acids are alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, and (4) uncharged polar amino acids are glycine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, serine, threonine, tyrosine.
  • the hydrophilic amino acids include arginine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, glutamate, histidine, lysine, serine, and threonine.
  • the hydrophobic amino acids include alanine, cysteine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine.
  • Other families of amino acids include (i) serine and threonine, which are the aliphatic-hydroxy family; (ii) asparagine and glutamine, which are the amide containing family; (iii) alanine, valine, leucine and isoleucine, which are the aliphatic family; and (iv) phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine, which are the aromatic family.
  • Structural and functional domains can be identified by comparison of the nucleotide and/or amino acid sequence data to public or proprietary sequence databases.
  • computerized comparison methods are used to identify sequence motifs or predicted protein conformation domains that occur in other proteins of known structure and/or function. Methods to identify protein sequences that fold into a known three-dimensional structure are known. (Bowie et al. Science 253:164 (1991).
  • sequence motifs and structural conformations that may be used to define structural and functional domains in accordance with the invention.
  • Preferred amino acid substitutions are those which: (1) reduce susceptibility to proteolysis, (2) reduce susceptibility to oxidation, (3) alter binding affinity for forming protein complexes, (4) alter binding affinities, and (4) confer or modify other physicochemical or functional properties of such analogs.
  • Analogs can include various muteins of a sequence other than the naturally-occurring peptide sequence. For example, single or multiple amino acid substitutions (preferably conservative amino acid substitutions) may be made in the naturally-occurring sequence (preferably in the portion of the polypeptide outside the domain(s) forming intermolecular contacts.
  • a conservative amino acid substitution should not substantially change the structural characteristics of the parent sequence (e.g., a replacement amino acid should not tend to break a helix that occurs in the parent sequence, or disrupt other types of secondary structure that characterizes the parent sequence).
  • Examples of art-recognized polypeptide secondary and tertiary structures are described in Proteins, Structures and Molecular Principles (Creighton, Ed., W. H. Freeman and Company, New York (1984)); Introduction to Protein Structure (C. Branden and J. Tooze, eds., Garland Publishing, New York, N.Y. (1991)); and Thornton et al. Nature 354:105 (1991).
  • “Framework” or “FR” refers to variable domain residues other than CDR residues.
  • the FR of a variable domain generally consists of four FR domains: FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4. Accordingly, the CDR and FR sequences generally appear in the following sequence in VH (or VL): FR1-H1(L1)-FR2-H2(L2)-FR3-H3(L3)-FR4; or FR1-CDR-H1(L1)-FR2-CDR-H2(L2)-FR3-CDR3-H3(L3)-FR4.
  • the present disclosure is based in part on the design of constructs for chimeric antigen receptor phagocytic (CAR-P) macrophages (“M ⁇ ”) (Morrissey, M. A., et al., Elife, 2018. 7), modelled after the CAR-T-lymphocyte anti-tumor technology.
  • CAR-P chimeric antigen receptor phagocytic
  • chimeric antigen receptors are modular, synthetic, single chain proteins that comprise three functional regions: (i) the binding receptor (extracellular domain); (ii) the spacer and transmembrane region, and; (iii) the cytoplasmic signaling domain (intracellular)(Zhang, C., et al., Biomark Res, 2017. 5: p. 22).
  • a cleavable leader, or signal peptide is placed at the N-terminal of the protein to direct passage through the endoplasmic reticulum and promote display on the plasma membrane (see. e.g., FIG. 3 ).
  • Each “module” may be derived from proteins to achieve specific target binding and the desired cellular response, elicited through the cytoplasmic signaling domain, e.g., the CD3 ⁇ (domain (Daniyan, A. F. and R. J. Brentjens, J Leukoc Biol, 2016. 100(6): p. 1255-1264; Oluwole, O. O. and M. L. Davila, J Leukoc Biol, 2016. 100(6): p. 1265-1272).
  • binding of the cell surface-expressed chimeric receptor to the appropriate target results in clustering and activation of the CAR-presenting cells.
  • chimeric receptors e.g., chimeric antigen receptors, or “CAR” constructs were designed for specifically recognizing and promoting the phagocytosis of amyloid, such as AL amyloid.
  • the constructs may be expressed in macrophages.
  • CARs were designed incorporating either an amyloid reactive single-chain variable fragment (scFv) or an amyloid reactive synthetic peptide as the target binding receptor (see. e.g., FIG. 1 and FIG. 6 ; Wall, J. S., et al., Molecules, 2015. 20(5): p. 7657-82; Wall, J. S., et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2018.
  • amyloid is an excellent and untapped target for this approach given that it is a devastating pathology that is acellular, and therefore lacks “don't eat me” proteins associated with tumor cells (e.g. CD47 (se Gu, S., et al., J Immunol Res, 2018. 2018: p. 6156757; Russ, A., et al., Blood Rev, 2018. 32(6): p. 480-489; Tong, B. and M. Wang, Future Oncol, 2018. 14(21): p. 2179-2188) and MHC class I (see Barkal, A. A., et al., Nat Immunol, 2018. 19(1): p. 7644). Further, amyloid is readily accessible from the vasculature.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises a cytoplasmic domain, wherein the cytoplasmic domain comprises a signaling domain of a receptor that when activated activates a phagocytic cell (e.g., a macrophage); a transmembrane domain; and an extracellular domain, wherein the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid binding region.
  • chimeric receptors comprising an extracellular domain.
  • the extracellular domain comprises a region interacts with or otherwise binds to a region, such as an epitope, of a human amyloid fibril.
  • the amyloid-binding regions described herein bind to amyloid deposits or fibrils (e.g., human amyloid deposits or fibrils).
  • the amyloid-binding region binds to one or more amyloidogenic peptides in amyloids.
  • amyloids bound by the amyloid-binding region comprise an amyloidogenic ⁇ 6 variable domain protein (V ⁇ 6Wil) or an amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain (AL), A ⁇ (1-40) amyloid-like fibril or an amyloidogenic A ⁇ precursor protein, or serum amyloid protein A (AA).
  • V ⁇ 6Wil amyloidogenic ⁇ 6 variable domain protein
  • AL amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain
  • a ⁇ (1-40) amyloid-like fibril or an amyloidogenic A ⁇ precursor protein or serum amyloid protein A (AA).
  • the amyloids bound by the amyloid-binding region comprise amyloidogenic forms of immunoglobulin heavy chain (AH), ⁇ 2 -microglobulin (A ⁇ 2 M), transthyretin variants (ATTR), apolipoprotein AI(AApoAI), apolipoprotein AII (AApoAII), gelsolin (AGel), lysozyme (ALys), leukocyte chemotactic factor (ALect2), fibrinogen a variants (AFib), cystatin variants (ACys), calcitonin ((ACal), lactadherin (AMed), islet amyloid polypeptide (AIAPP), prolactin (APro), insulin (AIns), prior protein (APrP); ⁇ -synuclein (A ⁇ Syn), tau (ATau), atrial natriuretic factor (AANF), or IAAP, AL ⁇ 4, Al ⁇ 1 other amyloidogenic peptides.
  • AH
  • amyloidogenic peptides bound by the amyloid-binding region can be a protein, a protein fragment, or a protein domain.
  • the amyloid deposits or amyloid fibrils comprise recombinant amyloidogenic proteins.
  • the amyloids are part of the pathology of a disease.
  • Amyloid Binding Regions Comprising Amyloid-Binding Peptides or Functional Fragment Thereof
  • the amyloid binding region comprises an amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof.
  • the amyloid-binding region comprises an amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof as set forth in Table A.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of P5, P5R, P5G, P8, P9, P19, P20, P31, P37, P39, P42, P43, P44, P48, P50, P58, P5+14, or p5R+14, as shown in Table A.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide is P5, P5R, P5G, P8, P9, P19, P20, P31, P37, P39, P42, P43, P44, P48, P50, P58, P5+14, or p5R+14, as shown in Table A. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof targets the chimeric receptor to the amyloid deposits.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof of the chimeric receptors described herein include an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, 85%, 90% or more identical to the amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOS: 1-18, such as at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth as any one of SEQ ID NOS: 1-18.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises or consists of from about 10 to about 55 amino acids.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises or consists of 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, or 55 amino acids.
  • Such peptides are described, for example, in International Publication No. WO2016032949, which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:1.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:3.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4.
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:4.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:5.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7.
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:7.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:8.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:9.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:10.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:11.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:12.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:13.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14
  • retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14 e.g., a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:14.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:15
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:15.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:16.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:17.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18. In some embodiments, the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:18.
  • the extracellular domain comprises multiple amyloid binding peptides.
  • the amyloid binding peptides are organized in an array (i.e. one after the other).
  • the amino acids forming all or a part of the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof may be stereoisomers and modifications of naturally occurring amino acids, non-naturally occurring amino acids, post-translationally modified amino acids, enzymatically synthesized amino acids, derivatized amino acids, constructs or structures designed to mimic amino acids, and the like.
  • the amino acids forming the peptides of the present invention may be one or more of the 20 common amino acids found in naturally occurring proteins, or one or more of the modified and unusual amino acids.
  • the extracellular domain comprises a globular protein domain.
  • the globular protein domain acts as a spacer to position the amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof away from the transmembrane domain of the receptor, and therefore away from the surface of a cell comprising the chimeric receptor.
  • the globular protein domain is about 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, or 115 amino acids in length.
  • the globular protein domain is an immunoglobulin domain.
  • the globular protein domain is inert.
  • the globular protein domain lacks specific binding for a substrate.
  • the globular protein domain is a heavy chain constant domain or a fragment thereof, such as a CH2 domain or a fragment thereof.
  • the globular protein domain is a fluorescent protein, e.g., GFP.
  • the globular protein domain is a carrier proteins.
  • the extracellular domain further comprises an immunoglobulin constant domain or a fragment thereof.
  • the extracellular domain comprises a heavy chain constant domain or a fragment thereof:
  • the extracellular domain comprises a CH2 domain or a fragment thereof.
  • the CH2 domain or fragment thereof is a mouse CH2 domain or a fragment thereof.
  • the CH2 domain or fragment thereof is a human CH2 domain or a fragment thereof.
  • the CH2 domain or fragment thereof is an IgG2 CH2 domain or a fragment thereof.
  • the amyloid binding peptide or functional fragment thereof is joined directly or indirectly to an immunoglobulin constant domain or fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding peptide or functional fragment thereof is joined directly or indirectly to a heavy chain constant domain or fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding peptide or functional fragment thereof is joined directly or indirectly to a CH2 domain or fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the CH2 domain or fragment thereof is a mouse CH2 domain. In some embodiments, the CH2 domain or fragment thereof is a human CH2 domain. In some embodiments, the CH2 domain or fragment thereof is an IgG2 CH2 domain. In some embodiments, the CH2 domain or fragment thereof is derived from the pFuse vector.
  • the CH2 domain or fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the CH2 domain sequence set forth in Table 2 or Table 3.
  • the CH2 domain or fragment thereof comprises the amino acid set of SEQ ID NO:33. In some embodiments, the CH2 domain or fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO:33. In some embodiments, the CH2 domain or fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33.
  • the CH2 domain or fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33. In certain embodiments, a total of 1 to 10 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:33.
  • the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region joined to a spacer.
  • the spacer is N- and/or C-terminal of the amyloid binding region.
  • the spacer comprises or consists of from about 3 to about 55 amino acids.
  • the spacer peptides of the present invention may comprise or consist of 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, or 55 amino acids.
  • the spacer is about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 50, 100, or 155 amino acids in length, including any value or range between these values.
  • the spacer is a flexible linker.
  • the spacer is uncharged.
  • the spacer is a glycine serine linker.
  • the spacer comprises the amino acid sequence of VTPTV (SEQ ID NO:36).
  • the amyloid-binding region joined to a spacer comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32.
  • the amyloid-binding region joined to a spacer comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:39.
  • the extracellular domain comprises an N-terminal secretory leader sequence.
  • the N-terminal secretory leader sequence comprises a fragment of CD8.
  • the N-terminal secretory leader sequence comprises a fragment of the CD8 hinge domain.
  • the N-terminal secretory leader sequence comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38.
  • the N-terminal secretory leader comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO:38.
  • the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an amyloid binding peptide or functional fragment thereof, and a constant domain. In some embodiments, the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an amyloid binding peptide or functional fragment thereof, a spacer, and a constant domain. In some embodiments, the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, an amyloid binding peptide or functional fragment thereof, a spacer, and a constant domain.
  • the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an amyloid binding peptide or functional fragment thereof, and a CH2 domain. In some embodiments, the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an amyloid binding peptide or functional fragment thereof, a spacer, and a CH2 domain. In some embodiments, the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence an amyloid binding peptide or functional fragment thereof, a spacer, and a CH2 domain.
  • the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, an amyloid binding peptide or functional fragment thereof, a spacer, a CH2 domain and a second spacer.
  • the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region as shown in Table 2 (e.g., comprising the amino acid sequences of the p5+14-spacer and CH2 domain as shown in Table 2).
  • the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37.
  • the amyloid-binding region comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO:37.
  • the amyloid-binding region comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37.
  • the amyloid-binding region comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:37.
  • the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region as shown in Table 3(e.g., comprising the extracellular domain of the “Final CAR-P Construct” as shown in Table 3).
  • the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44.
  • the amyloid-binding region comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO:44.
  • the amyloid-binding region comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44.
  • the amyloid-binding region comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:44
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:44.
  • multiple of the same or different amyloid-binding peptides or functional fragments thereof can be joined to the extracellular domain.
  • the amyloid binding region is an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH).
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a light chain variable region (VL).
  • the amyloid binding region comprises an 11-1F4 antibody fragment.
  • the amyloid binding region is derived from 11-1F4.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises one, two, three, four, five, or six CDRs of antibody 11-1F4, as shown in Table B. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding region comprises the VH and/or the VL of antibody 11-1F.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VH that comprises (a) a CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, (b) a CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, and (c) a CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VL that comprises (a) a CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24; (b) a CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25; and (c) a CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VL comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19, and a VH comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VL comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34, and a VH comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VH comprising a CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, a CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, and a CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23; and a VL comprising a CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24, a CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25, and a CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3 of a VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:20 and a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL of a VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2, and a VH CDR3 of a VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:35 and a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL of a VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:35.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VH sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VH sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid binding region comprising a VH comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20.
  • a total of 1 to 13 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:20.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VH comprising one, two or three CDRs selected from the group consisting of: (a) a CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, (b) a CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, and (c) a CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VL having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VL sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid binding region comprising a VL comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19.
  • a total of 1 to 11 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:19.
  • the substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VL comprising one, two or three CDRs selected from the group consisting of (a) a CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24; (b) a CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25; and (c) a CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VH sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VH sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid binding region comprising a VH comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35.
  • a total of 1 to 13 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:35.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VH comprising one, two or three CDRs selected from the group consisting of: (a) a CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, (b) a CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, and (c) a CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VL having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VL sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid binding region comprising a VL comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34.
  • a total of 1 to 11 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:34.
  • the substitutions, insertions, or deletions occur in regions outside the CDRs (i.e., in the FRs).
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VL comprising one, two or three CDRs selected from the group consisting of (a) a CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24; (b) a CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25; and (c) a CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises one, two, three, four, five, or six CDRs of antibody 11-1F4 with one or more conservative amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding region comprises the VH and/or the VL of antibody 11-1F4 with one or more conservative amino acid substitutions.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a light chain variable region (VL) and a heavy chain variable region (VH), wherein the VL comprises a CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:24 with one or more conservative amino acid substitutions, a CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:25 with one or more conservative amino acid substitutions, and a CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:26 with one or more conservative amino acid substitutions, and the VH comprises a CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:21 with one or more conservative amino acid substitutions, a CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:22 with one or more conservative amino acid substitutions, and a CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:23 with one or more conservative amino acid substitutions.
  • VL light chain variable region
  • VH heavy chain variable region
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a CDR-H1, a CDR-H2, and a CDR-H3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR-H1, a CDR-H2, and a CDR-H3 of a VH having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:20 with one or more conservative amino acid substitutions, and a CDR-L1, a CDR-L2, and a CDR-L3, respectively comprising the amino acid sequences of a CDR-L1, a CDR-L2, and a CDR-L3 of a VL having the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19 with one or more conservative amino acid substitutions.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a humanized antibody fragment (e.g., a humanized fragment of 11-1F4). In some embodiments, the amyloid binding region comprises a humanized scFv derived from 11-1F4
  • the amyloid binding region comprises a VH and a VL fused by a linker.
  • the linker is a scFv linker.
  • the linker comprises or consists of from about 3 to about 55 amino acids.
  • the linker peptides of the present invention may comprise or consist of 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, or 55 amino acids.
  • the linker is about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 50, 100, or 155 amino acids in length, including any value or range between these values.
  • the linker is a flexible linker.
  • the linker is uncharged.
  • the linker is a glycine serine linker.
  • the linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises, from N- to C-terminus, a VL, a linker, and a VH.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises, from N- to C-terminus, a VH, a linker, and a VL.
  • the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region joined to a spacer.
  • the spacer is N- and/or C-terminal of the amyloid binding region.
  • the spacer comprises or consists of from about 3 to about 55 amino acids.
  • the spacer peptides of the present invention may comprise or consist of 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, or 55 amino acids.
  • the spacer is about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 50, 100, or 155 amino acids in length, including any value or range between these values.
  • the spacer is a flexible linker.
  • the spacer is uncharged.
  • the spacer is a glycine serine linker.
  • the spacer comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:56.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises an N-terminal secretory leader sequence.
  • the N-terminal secretory leader sequence is a cleavable N-terminal secretory leader sequence.
  • the N-terminal secretory leader sequence comprises a fragment of a CD8 ⁇ chain, e.g., a mouse CD8 ⁇ chain.
  • the N-terminal secretory leader sequence comprises residues 1-27 of mouse CD8 ⁇ chain (e.g., residues 1-27 of UniProtKB No. P01731 [CD8A_MOUSE]).
  • the N-terminal secretory leader sequence comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28.
  • the N-terminal secretory leader sequence comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO:28.
  • the extracellular domain comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, a VL, a linker, and a VH.
  • the extracellular domain comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, a VH, a linker, and a VL.
  • the amyloid binding region is a single-chain variable fragment (scFv).
  • the scFv comprises a VH and a VL.
  • the VH and/or the VL are any one of the VHs and VLs described herein.
  • the scFv comprises a VL comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19, and a VH comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20.
  • the scFv comprises a VL comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35, and a VH comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:35.
  • the scFv comprises, from N- to C-terminus, a VL, a linker, and a VH.
  • the linker comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:27.
  • the scFv comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, a VL, a linker, and a VH.
  • the N-terminal secretory leader sequence comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28.
  • the N-terminal secretory leader sequence comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO:28.
  • the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region comprising a scFv.
  • the scFv comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47.
  • the scFv comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO:47.
  • the scFv comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47.
  • the scFv comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:47.
  • the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid-binding region comprising a scFv.
  • the scFv comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48.
  • the scFv comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO:48.
  • the scFv comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48.
  • the scFv comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid as an amyloid-binding region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:48.
  • the extracellular domain comprises, from N- to C-terminus, a VL, a linker, a VH, and a spacer. In some embodiments, the extracellular domain comprises, from N- to C-terminus, a VH, a linker, a VL, and a spacer. In some embodiments, the extracellular domain comprises, from N- to C-terminus, a scFv and a spacer.
  • An exemplary structure of an extracellular domain is diagrammed in FIG. 6 (see, e.g., diagram (i) 11-1F4).
  • the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with a dissociation constant (K d ) that is less than about 100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 ⁇ M. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with a dissociation constant (K d ) that is about 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5. 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, or 100 ⁇ M including any value or range between these values.
  • the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with a dissociation constant (K d ) that is less than 500, 100, 10, or 1 nM. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with a dissociation constant (K d ) that is less than about 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000, or 2200 nM.
  • the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with a dissociation constant (K d ) that is about 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000, or 2200 nM, including any value or range between these values. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with a dissociation constant (K d ) that is about 40-50 nM. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with a dissociation constant (K d ) that is 40-50 nM.
  • the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with a dissociation constant (K d ) that is less than 50 nM. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with a dissociation constant (K d ) that is less than the K d of c11-1F4 binding to human amyloid fibrils.
  • the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with half-maximal binding at a concentration of antibody (EC 50 ) that is less than about 0.01, 0.1, or 1 ⁇ M. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with half-maximal binding at a concentration of antibody (EC 50 ) that is about 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 ⁇ M, including any value or range between these values.
  • the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with half-maximal binding at a concentration of antibody (EC 50 ) that is less than about 1, 10, 100, or 1000 nM. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with half-maximal binding at a concentration of antibody (EC 50 ) that is about 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 100, 250, 500, 750, or 1000 nM, including any value or range between these values.
  • the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with half-maximal binding at a concentration of antibody (EC 50 ) that is about 17 nM, 7 nM, 16 nM, 75 nM, or 95 nM. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with half-maximal binding at a concentration of antibody (EC 50 ) that is less than about 10 nM, 20 nM, 80 nM, or 100 nM. In some embodiments, the amyloid binding region binds to human amyloid fibrils with half-maximal binding at a concentration of antibody (EC 50 ) that is less than the EC 50 of c11-1F4 binding to human amyloid fibrils.
  • dissociation constants and EC 50 s are known in the art, and include, for example, surface plasmon resonance and EuLISAs.
  • the dissociation constant is determined by measuring binding to a Len(1-22) monomer peptide, for example, using surface plasmon resonance.
  • the EC 50 is determined using a EuLISA.
  • the EC 50 is determined using a EuLISA to measure the level of binding to rV ⁇ 6Wil fibrils, Perl25 wtATTR extract, Ken ATTR extract. SHI AL ⁇ liver extract, or TAL AL ⁇ liver extract.
  • chimeric receptors comprising a transmembrane domain.
  • the transmembrane domain connects the extracellular domain to the cytoplasmic domain.
  • the transmembrane domain may be derived either from a naturally occurring protein or from a synthetic source. In some embodiments in which the source is a naturally occurring protein, the transmembrane domain may be derived from any membrane-bound or transmembrane protein. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain is derived from (i.e.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises at least the transmembrane region(s) of) the alpha, beta or zeta chain of the T-cell receptor, CD28, CD3 epsilon, CD45, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD9, CD16, CD22, CD33, CD37, CD64, CD80, CD86, CD134, CD137, CD154, Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1), TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises a hinge, e.g., a human Ig (immunoglobulin) hinge.
  • the transmembrane domain is fused to an N-terminal spacer (e.g., a spacer between the extracellular domain and the transmembrane domain, as diagrammed in FIG. 6 ).
  • the spacer comprises or consists of from about 3 to about 55 amino acids.
  • the spacer peptides of the present invention may comprise or consist of 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, or 55 amino acids.
  • the spacer is about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 50, 100, or 155 amino acids in length, including any value or range between these values.
  • the spacer is a flexible linker.
  • the spacer is uncharged.
  • the spacer is a glycine serine linker.
  • the spacer comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in Table 1. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in Table 3. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain is derived from CD8. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain is derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain is derived from a mouse CD8 ⁇ chain. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain comprises residues 148-218 from the mouse CD8 ⁇ chain (e.g., residues 148-218 of UniProtKB No. P01731). In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:40. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain is derived from a human CD8 ⁇ chain.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:57. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:57.
  • the transmembrane domain is a synthetic transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, in which the transmembrane domain is synthetic, the transmembrane domain comprises predominantly hydrophobic residues such as leucine and valine. In some embodiments, the transmembrane domain comprises a triplet of phenylalanine, tryptophan and valine each end of a synthetic transmembrane domain.
  • chimeric receptors comprising a cytoplasmic domain.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a signaling domain of a receptor that, when activated, activates a phagocytic cell (e.g., a macrophage).
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a phagocytosis signaling domain.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)(see. e.g., Morrissey, M. A., et al., Elife, 2018. 7).
  • ITAM immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a fragment or region of CD19.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a fragment or region of CD3 ⁇ .
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a fragment or region of FcR, e.g., the FcR ⁇ subunit.
  • the cytoplasmic domain is derived from CD19, CD3 ⁇ , and/or FcR. Exemplary cytoplasmic domains are further described in Morrissey, M. A., et al., Elife, 2018. 7.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a cytoplasmic domain I, a cytoplasmic domain II, or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99 sequence identity to the sequence of the cytoplasmic domain I or cytoplasmic domain II set forth in Table 1 or Table 3.
  • the cytoplasmic domain is derived from CD19. In some embodiments, a cytoplasmic domain derived from CD19 is referred to as a “cytoplasmic domain 1”. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain is derived from mouse CD19. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain is derived from human CD19. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises amino acid residues 500-534 of mouse CD19 (e.g., amino acid residues 500-534 of UniProtKB No. P25918). In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30, but retaining the ability to activate a phagocytic cell as a cytoplasmic domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30.
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:30.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42. In certain embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42, but retaining the ability to activate a phagocytic cell as a cytoplasmic domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:42. In certain embodiments, a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:42.
  • the cytoplasmic domain is derived from an Fc receptor (FcR).
  • FcR Fc receptor
  • a cytoplasmic domain derived from an Fc receptor is referred to as a “cytoplasmic domain II”.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises amino acid residues 19-86 of mouse Fc ERG precursor (e.g., amino acid residues 19-86 of UniProtKB No. P20491).
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31, but retaining the ability to activate a phagocytic cell as a cytoplasmic domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31.
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:31.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41. In certain embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41, but retaining the ability to activate a phagocytic cell as a cytoplasmic domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:41.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45, but retaining the ability to activate a phagocytic cell as a cytoplasmic domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:45
  • a total of 1 to 5 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:45.
  • the cytoplasmic domain is derived from CD19 and FcR. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain is derived from mouse CD19 and FcR. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises amino acid residues 500-534 of mouse CD19 (e.g., amino acid residues 500-534 of UniProtKB No. P25918) and amino acid residues 19-86 of mouse Fc ERG precursor (e.g., amino acid residues 19-86 of UniProtKB No. P20491). In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO:30 and/or SEQ ID NO:31, but retaining the ability to activate a phagocytic cell as a cytoplasmic domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30 and SEQ ID NO:31.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises, from N- to C-terminus, a domain derived from FcR and a domain derived from CD19.
  • two or more cytoplasmic domains are connected by a peptide spacer.
  • the cytoplasmic domain is a mannose receptor, a complement receptor 1, 3 or 4, a scavenger receptor, or an FC gamma receptor.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a co-stimulatory domain. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises a domain derived from Toll-Like Receptor 2.
  • binding of amyloid to the extracellular domain activates the cytoplasmic domain of the chimeric receptor.
  • activation of the cytoplasmic domain of the chimeric receptor comprises activation of the signaling domain of a receptor that.
  • activation of the cytoplasmic domain of the chimeric receptor results in the activation of a phagocytic cell (e.g., a macrophage).
  • the activated phagocytic cell phagocytoses the amyloid.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises a cytoplasmic domain, wherein the cytoplasmic domain comprises a signaling domain of a receptor that when activated activates a phagocytic cell (e.g., a macrophage); a transmembrane domain; and an extracellular domain, wherein the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid binding region.
  • the cytoplasmic domain, the transmembrane domain, and the extracellular domain of the chimeric receptor may be any one of the cytoplasmic domains, transmembrane domains, and extracellular domains described herein.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. In some embodiments, the chimeric receptor further comprises an N-terminal secretory leader sequence at the N-terminus of the extracellular domain. Exemplary diagrams of the structures of chimeric receptors are provided in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6 , and exemplary amino acid sequences of chimeric receptors are provided in Table C.
  • PVHPTGTSQPQRPEDCRPRGSVKGTGLDFAC Lacks cytoplasmic domain DIYIWAPLAGICVALLLSLIITLICLGEPQL I.
  • FACDIYIWAPLAGICVALLLSLIITLICLGE Lacks N-terminal secretory PQLCYILDAVLFLYGIVLTLLYCRLKIQVRK leader sequence.
  • AAIASREKADAVYTGLNTRSQETYETLKHEK PPQLYAAPQLHSIQSGPSHEEDADSYENMDK SDDLEPA CAR-P Peptide-based CAR with TVGGGYSKAQKAQAKQAKQAQKAQKAQAKQA 53 construct (from N- to C-terminus) p5, KQVTPTVPNLLGGPSVFIFPPKIKDVLMISL lacking N- spacer CH2 domain, spacer, SPIVTCVVVDVSEDDPDVQISWFVNNVEVHT terminal transmembrane domain, AQTQTHREDYNSTLRWSALPIQHQDWMSGK secretory leader and cytoplasmic domain II.
  • an TQSPASLAVSLGQRATISYRASKSVSTSGYS N-terminal secretory-leader YMHWNQQKPGQPPRLLIYLVSNLESGVPARF sequence 11-1F4 VL, scFv SGSGSGTDFTLNIHPVEEEDAATYYCQHIRE linker, 11-1F4 VH, spacer, LTRFGGGTKLEIKRGGSSRSSSSGGGGSGGG transmembrane domain, GQVQLKESGPGLVAPSQSLSITCTVSGFSLS cytoplasmic domain II, and SYGVSWVRQPPGKGLEWLGVIWGDGSTNYHP cytoplasmic domain I.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising an amyloid-binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof; a transmembrane domain; and a cytoplasmic domain. In some embodiments, the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof, a first spacer, a CH2 domain, a second spacer, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, an amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof, a first spacer, a CH2 domain, a second spacer, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain.
  • the amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
  • the amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17.
  • the cytoplasmic domain is derived from FcR. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain is derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a cytoplasmic domain II, as shown in Table 3.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a cytoplasmic domain I and a cytoplasmic domain II, as shown in Table 3.
  • the chimeric receptor is a CAR-P as shown in Table 3.
  • the chimeric receptor is a peptide-based CAR as shown in Table C.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence having 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the sequence set forth as the CAR-P Construct-345aa in Table 3, with or without the N-terminal secretory leader sequence.
  • each component of the chimeric receptor has 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the corresponding component of as the CAR-P Construct-345aa in Table 3, together or separately.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising p5, a first spacer, an IgG2 CH2 domain, a second spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising p5, a first spacer, an IgG2 CH2 domain, a second spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, an extracellular domain comprising p5, a first spacer, an ISG2 CH2 domain, a second spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, an extracellular domain comprising p5, a first spacer, an IgG2 CH2 domain, a second spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising p5+14, a first spacer, an IgG2 CH2 domain, a second spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising p5+14, a first spacer, an IG2 CH2 domain, a second spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, an extracellular domain comprising p5+14, a first spacer, an IgG2 CH2 domain, a second spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, an extracellular domain comprising p5+14, a first spacer, an ISG2 CH2 domain, a second spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus an extracellular domain comprising a p5+14 and a first spacer according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:32, and a CH2 domain according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33; a second spacer; a transmembrane domain; and a cytoplasmic domain.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus an extracellular domain comprising a p5+14 and a first spacer according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:32, and a CH2 domain according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33; a second spacer; a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain; and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus an extracellular domain comprising a p5+14 and a first spacer according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:32, and a CH2 domain according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33; a second spacer; a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain; and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus an extracellular domain comprising an N-terminal secretory leader sequence according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:38, an amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof and a first spacer according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39, and a CH2 domain according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:33; a second spacer and a transmembrane domain according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40; and a cytoplasmic domain comprising a cytoplasmic domain II according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41 and a cytoplasmic domain I according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus an extracellular domain comprising an N-terminal secretory leader sequence according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:38, an amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof and a first spacer according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39, and a CH2 domain according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:33; a second spacer and a transmembrane domain according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40; and a cytoplasmic domain comprising a cytoplasmic domain II according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus an extracellular domain comprising an amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof and a first spacer according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39, and a CH2 domain according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:33; a second spacer and a transmembrane domain according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40; and a cytoplasmic domain comprising a cytoplasmic domain II according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41 and a cytoplasmic domain I according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 42.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus an extracellular domain comprising an amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof and a first spacer according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39, and a CH2 domain according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:33; a second spacer and a transmembrane domain according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40; and a cytoplasmic domain comprising a cytoplasmic domain II according to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, an extracellular domain comprising an amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof (e.g., p5 or p5-14), a first spacer, and a CH2 domain; a second spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain; and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:43.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, an extracellular domain comprising an amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof (e.g., p5 or p5-14), a first spacer, and a CH2 domain; a second spacer; a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain; and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81% 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:51.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising an amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof (e.g., p5 or p5-14), a first spacer, and a C2 domain; a second spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain; and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:52.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising an amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof (e.g., p5 or p5-14), a first spacer, and a CH2 domain; a second spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain; and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:53.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising an antibody fragment or functional fragment thereof (e.g., an antibody fragment or functional fragment thereof derived from 11-1F4), a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, a VL, a linker, a VH, a spacer, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, a VL, a linker, a VH, a spacer, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain.
  • the VH comprises (a) a CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, (b) a CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, and (c) a CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23; and the VL comprises (a) a CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24; (b) a CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25; and (c) a CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • the cytoplasmic domain is derived from FcR.
  • the cytoplasmic domain is derived from FcR and CD19. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises a cytoplasmic domain IL as shown in Table 1. In some embodiments, the cytoplasmic domain comprises a cytoplasmic domain I and a cytoplasmic domain II, as shown in Table 1. In some embodiments, the chimeric receptor is an 11-1F4 CAR tandem receptor, as shown in Table 1. In some embodiments, the chimeric receptor is an scFv-based CAR as shown in Table G.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising an antibody fragment derived from 11-1F4 or a functional fragment thereof, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR. In some embodiments, the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising an antibody fragment derived from 11-1F4 or functional fragment thereof, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, a VL derived from 11-1F4, a linker, a VH derived from 11-1F4, a spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, a VL derived from 11-1F4, a linker, a VH derived from 11-1F4, a spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, a VL derived from 11-1F4, a linker, a VH derived from 11-1F4, a spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, a VL derived from 11-1F4, a linker, a VH derived from 11-1F4, a spacer, a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain, and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:28, a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19, an scFv linker comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:27, a VH comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:20, a spacer and transmembrane domain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:29, and a cytoplasmic domain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:31.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:28, a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19, an scFv linker comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:27, a VH comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:20, a spacer and transmembrane domain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:29, and a cytoplasmic domain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:31 and the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:30.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19, an scFv linker comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:27, a VH comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:20, a spacer and transmembrane domain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:29, and a cytoplasmic domain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:31.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, a VL comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19, an scFv linker comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:27, a VH comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:20, a spacer and transmembrane domain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:29, and a cytoplasmic domain comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:31 and the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:30.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, an extracellular domain comprising an scFv derived from 11-1F4; a spacer; a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain; and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:50.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, an extracellular domain comprising an scFv derived from 11-1F4; a spacer; a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain; and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:49.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising an scFv derived from 11-1F4; a spacer; a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain; and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR and CD19.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:55.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising an scFv derived from 11-1F4; a spacer; a transmembrane domain derived from a CD8 ⁇ chain; and a cytoplasmic domain derived from FcR.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54.
  • the chimeric receptor comprises an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:54.
  • the chimeric receptors described herein bind to amyloid deposits or fibrils (e.g., human amyloid deposits or fibrils).
  • the amyloid-binding region of the chimeric receptor binds to one or more amyloidogenic peptides in amyloids.
  • amyloids bound by the amyloid-binding region of the chimeric receptor comprise an amyloidogenic ⁇ 6 variable domain protein (V ⁇ 6Wil) or an amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain (AL), A ⁇ (1-40) amyloid-like fibril or an amyloidogenic A ⁇ precursor protein, or serum amyloid protein A (AA).
  • the amyloids bound by the amyloid-binding region of the chimeric receptor comprise amyloidogenic forms of immunoglobulin heavy chain (AH), ⁇ 2 -microglobulin (A ⁇ 2 M), transthyretin variants (ATI), apolipoprotein AI (AApoAI), apolipoprotein AII (AApoAII), gelsolin (AGel), lysozyme (ALys), leukocyte chemotactic factor (ALect2), fibrinogen a variants (AFib), cystatin variants (ACys), calcitonin ((ACal), lactadherin (AMed), islet amyloid polypeptide (AIAPP), prolactin (APro), insulin (AIns), prior protein (APrP); ⁇ -synuclein (A ⁇ Syn), tau (ATau), atrial natriuretic factor (AANF), or IAAP, AL ⁇ 4, Al ⁇ 1 other amyloidogenic forms of immunoglob
  • amyloidogenic peptides bound by the amyloid-binding region of the chimeric receptor can be a protein, a protein fragment, or a protein domain.
  • the amyloid deposits or amyloid fibrils comprise recombinant amyloidogenic proteins.
  • the amyloids are part of the pathology of a disease.
  • the cytoplasmic domains of the chimeric receptors described herein comprise signaling domains that, when activated, activate a phagocytic cell (e.g., a macrophage).
  • the signaling domains of the cytoplasmic domains are activated upon binding of the chimeric receptor to amyloid deposits or fibrils, as described above.
  • activation of the phagocytic cell promotes phagocytosis of the amyloid deposits or fibrils.
  • the chimeric receptor is conjugated to a detectable label.
  • the detectable label is selected from the group consisting of radionuclides (e.g., I- 125 , I- 123 , I- 131 , Zr- 89 , Tc- 99m , Cu- 64 , Br- 76 , F- 18 ); enzymes (horse radish peroxidase); biotin; and fluorophores, etc. Any means known in the art for detectably labeling a protein can be used and/or adapted for use with the methods described herein.
  • the chimeric receptor can be radiolabeled with a radioisotope, or labeled with a fluorescent tag or a chemiluminescent tag
  • a radioisotope include, for example, 18 F, 111 In, 99m Tc, and 123 I, and 125 I.
  • These and other radioisotopes can be attached to the chimeric receptor using well known chemistry that may or not involve the use of a chelating agent, such as DTPA or DOTA covalently linked to the chimeric receptor, for example.
  • Example fluorescent or chemiluminescent tags include fluorescein, Texas red, rhodamine, Alexa dyes, and luciferase that can be conjugated to the chimeric receptor by reaction with lysine, cysteine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid side chains.
  • the label is detected using a fluorescent microplate reader, or fluorimeter, using the excitation and emission wavelengths appropriate for the tag that is used.
  • Radioactive labels can be detected, for example, using a gamma or scintillation counter depending on the type of radioactive emission and by using energy windows suitable for the accurate detection of the specific radionuclide. However, any other suitable technique for detection of radioisotopes can also be used to detect the label.
  • the detectable label is 125 I.
  • the chimeric receptor is fused to a fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the chimeric receptor is fused to GFP.
  • compositions comprising any of the chimeric receptors described herein.
  • the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • nucleic acid(s) encoding chimeric receptors that bind amyloid.
  • the nucleic acid encodes any one of the chimeric receptors described herein.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising a cytoplasmic domain, wherein the cytoplasmic domain comprises a signaling domain of a receptor that when activated activates a macrophage; a transmembrane domain; and an extracellular domain, wherein the extracellular domain comprises an amyloid binding region.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor, wherein the chimeric receptor comprises an extracellular domain comprising an amyloid-binding region, wherein the amyloid binding region comprises an amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof.
  • the amyloid binding region comprises an amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof may be any one of the amyloid binding regions comprising an amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof as described herein.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising an amyloid-binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof, a first spacer, a CH2 domain, a second spacer, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, an amyloid binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof, a first spacer, a CH2 domain, a second spacer, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
  • the amyloid-binding peptide or a functional fragment thereof comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a cytoplasmic domain II, as shown in Table 3.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a cytoplasmic domain I and a cytoplasmic domain II, as shown in Table 3.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a CAR-P as shown in Table 3.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence having 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the sequence set forth as the CAR-P Construct-345aa in Table 3, with or without the secretory leader sequence.
  • each component of the chimeric receptor encoded by the nucleic acid has 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the corresponding component of as the CAR-P Construct-345aa in Table 3, together or separately.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:43.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:51
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87/s, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52.
  • a total of t to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:52.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:53.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor, wherein the chimeric receptor comprises an extracellular domain comprising an amyloid-binding region, wherein the amyloid binding region comprises an 11-1F4 antibody fragment.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an extracellular domain comprising an 11-1F4 antibody fragment, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising, from N- to C-terminus, a VL, a linker, a VH, a spacer, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising, from N- to C-terminus, an N-terminal secretory leader sequence, a VL, a linker, a VH, a spacer, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain.
  • the VH comprises (a) a CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, (b) a CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, and (c) a CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23; and the VL comprises (a) a CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24; (b) a CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25; and (c) a CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a cytoplasmic domain II, as shown in Table 1.
  • the cytoplasmic domain comprises a cytoplasmic domain I and a cytoplasmic domain II, as shown in Table 1.
  • the nucleic acid encodes an 11-1F4 CAR tandem receptor, as shown in Table 1.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:49.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:49.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:50.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:50.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54
  • a total of t to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:54.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55.
  • the nucleic acid encodes a chimeric receptor comprising an amino acid sequence containing substitutions (e.g., conservative substitutions), insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55.
  • substitutions e.g., conservative substitutions
  • insertions e.g., insertions, or deletions relative to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55, but retaining the ability to bind amyloid and activate a phagocytic cell as a chimeric receptor comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55.
  • a total of 1 to 15 amino acids have been substituted, inserted and/or deleted in SEQ ID NO:55.
  • the nucleic acid provided herein are in one or more vectors.
  • a vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric receptor.
  • the vector comprises the nucleic acid(s) encoding a chimeric receptor of the present disclosure.
  • the vector is a viral vector. In some embodiments, the vector is a retroviral vector. In some embodiments, the vector is a gamma retroviral vector. In some embodiments, the vector is a lentiviral vector. In some embodiments, the vector is an adenoviral vector. In some embodiments, the vector is an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector.
  • AAV adeno-associated viral
  • the vector is a pEF-ENTR A vector.
  • the vector encodes multiple gene products.
  • the vector is a bicistronic vector.
  • the vector comprises a nucleic acid that encodes a second protein product, e.g., a fluorescent protein such as green fluorescent protein (GFP).
  • GFP green fluorescent protein
  • the vector is a transposase vector. In some embodiments, the vector is a piggyBac vector.
  • the vector comprises a promoter. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding the chimeric receptor is operably linked to the promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is an inducible promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is a ubiquitously expressed promoter. In some embodiments, the vector comprises an EF1-a promoter. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding the chimeric receptor is operably linked to the EF1-a promoter.
  • the vector comprises a macrophage-specific regulatory element, e.g., a macrophage-specific promoter.
  • the nucleic acid encoding the chimeric receptor is operably linked to the macrophage-specific regulatory element.
  • the nucleic acid encoding the chimeric receptor is operably linked to a promoter that drives expression in macrophages.
  • a host cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding any of the chimeric receptors described herein.
  • the host cell comprising a vector comprising nucleic acid(s) encoding a chimeric receptor of the present disclosure.
  • vertebrate cells may be used as host cells.
  • mammalian cell lines that are adapted to grow in suspension may be useful.
  • Other examples of useful mammalian host cell lines are monkey kidney CVI line transformed by SV40 (COS-7); human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293 cells as described, e.g., in Graham et al., J. Gen Virol.
  • TM4 cells baby hamster kidney cells
  • CVI monkey kidney cells
  • VEO-76 African green monkey kidney cells
  • HELA human cervical carcinoma cells
  • canine kidney cells MDCK; buffalo rat liver cells (BRL 3A); human lung cells (W138); human liver cells (Hep G2); mouse mammary tumor (MMT 060562); TRI cells, as described, e.g., in Mather et al., Annals N Y. Acad. Sci. 383:44-68 (1982); MRC 5 cells; and FS4 cells.
  • CHO Chinese hamster ovary
  • DHFR-CHO cells Urlaub et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:4216 (1980)
  • myeloma cell lines such as Y0, NS0 and Sp2/0.
  • Yazaki and Wu Methods in Molecular Biology , Vol. 248 (B. K. C. Lo, ed., Humana Press, Totowa, N.J.), pp. 255-268 (2003).
  • engineered cells comprising the chimeric receptors of the present disclosure.
  • an engineered cell comprising any one of the chimeric receptors described herein is provided.
  • the engineered cell is a phagocytic cell.
  • the engineered cell is a monocyte, a macrophage, or a dendritic cell.
  • the engineered cell is a macrophage.
  • engineered the cell is a murine macrophage.
  • the engineered cell is a RAW264.7 cell (e.g., ATCC TIB-71).
  • the engineered cell is a human macrophage.
  • the engineered cell expresses a chimeric receptor of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the engineered cell expresses the chimeric receptor from a nucleic acid encoding the chimeric receptor (e.g., any one of the nucleic acids described herein). In some embodiments, the engineered cell expresses the chimeric receptor from a vector (e.g., any one of the vectors described herein). In some embodiments, the nucleic acid and/or vector is integrated into the genome of the engineered cell. In some embodiments, the chimeric receptor is transiently expressed in the engineered cell. In some embodiments, the engineered cell expresses the chimeric receptor from an mRNA encoding the chimeric receptor. In some embodiments, the engineered cell comprises the chimeric receptor at the plasma membrane of the engineered cell.
  • a cell is obtained from a subject, and the cell is engineered by introduction of a chimeric receptor of the present disclosure.
  • subjects include humans, dogs, cats, mice, rats, and transgenic species thereof.
  • the subject is a human.
  • the cells can be obtained from a number of sources, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells, bone marrow, lymph node tissue, spleen tissue, umbilical cord, and tumors.
  • any number of monocyte, macrophage, dendritic cell or progenitor cell lines available in the art may be used.
  • the cells can be obtained from a unit of blood collected from a subject using any number of techniques known to the skilled artisan, such as Ficoll separation.
  • cells from the circulating blood of an individual are obtained by apheresis or leukapheresis.
  • the apheresis product typically contains lymphocytes, including T cells, monocytes, granulocytes, B cells, other nucleated white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
  • the cells collected by apheresis may be washed to remove the plasma fraction and to place the cells in an appropriate buffer or media, such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or wash solution lacks calcium and may lack magnesium or may lack many if not all divalent cations, for subsequent processing steps.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • wash solution lacks calcium and may lack magnesium or may lack many if not all divalent cations, for subsequent processing steps.
  • the cells may be resuspended in a variety of biocompatible buffers, such as, for example, Ca-free, Mg-free PBS.
  • the undesirable components of the apheresis sample may be removed and the cells directly resuspended in culture media.
  • cells are isolated from peripheral blood by lysing the red blood cells and depleting the lymphocytes and red blood cells, for example, by centrifugation through a PERCOLLTM gradient.
  • cells can be isolated from umbilical cord.
  • a specific subpopulation of the monocytes, macrophages and/or dendritic cells can be further isolated by positive or negative selection techniques.
  • the cells so isolated can be depleted of cells expressing certain antigens, including, but not limited to, CD34, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19 or CD20. Depletion of these cells can be accomplished using an isolated antibody, a biological sample comprising an antibody, such as ascites fluid, an antibody bound to a physical support, and a cell bound antibody.
  • Enrichment of a monocyte, macrophage and/or dendritic cell population by negative selection can be accomplished using a combination of antibodies directed to surface markers unique to the negatively selected cells.
  • enrichment is performed by cell sorting and/or selection via negative magnetic immunoadherence or flow cytometry that uses a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies directed to cell surface markers present on the cells negatively selected.
  • enrichment of a cell population for monocytes, macrophages and/or dendritic cells by negative selection can be accomplished using a monoclonal antibody cocktail that typically includes antibodies to CD34, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19 or CD20.
  • the concentration of cells and surface can be varied. In certain embodiments, it may be desirable to significantly decrease the volume in which beads and cells are mixed together (i.e., increase the concentration of cells), to ensure maximum contact of cells and beads. For example, in one embodiment, a concentration of 2 billion cells/ml is used. In one embodiment, a concentration of 1 billion cells/ml is used. In a further embodiment, greater than 100 million cells/ml is used. In a further embodiment, a concentration of cells of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 million cells/ml is used.
  • a concentration of cells from 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 100 million cells/mi is used. In further embodiments, concentrations of 125 or 150 million cells/ml can be used. The use of high concentrations of cells can result in increased cell yield, cell activation, and cell expansion.
  • a population of cells comprising the cells (e.g., engineered monocytes, macrophages, and/or dendritic cells) of the present invention.
  • a population of cells include, but are not limited to, engineered cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cord blood cells, a purified population of monocytes, macrophages, or dendritic cells, and a cell line.
  • peripheral blood mononuclear cells comprise the population of monocytes, macrophages, or dendritic cells.
  • a population of purified cells comprising the population of engineered monocytes, macrophages, or dendritic cells is provided.
  • the engineered cell has upregulated M1 markers and downregulated M2 markers.
  • at least one M1 marker such as HLA DR, CD86, CD80, and PDL1
  • at least one M2 marker such as CD206, CD163, is downregulated in the engineered cell.
  • the engineered cell has at least one upregulated M1 marker and at least one downregulated M2 marker.
  • the engineered cell is an immunoregulatory cell.
  • Immunoregulatory cells include T-cells, such as CD4 T-cells (Helper T-cells), CD8 T-cells (Cytotoxic T-cells, CTLs) and memory T cells or memory stem cell T cells.
  • T-cells include Natural Killer T-cells (NK T-cells).
  • the engineered cell includes Natural Killer cells. Natural killer cells are well known in the art. In one embodiment, natural killer cells include cell lines, such as NK-92 cells. Further examples of NK cell lines include NKG, YT, NK-YS, HANK-1, YTS cells, and NKL cells.
  • NK cells mediate anti-tumor effects without the risk of GvHD and are short-lived relative to T-cells. Accordingly, NK cells would be exhausted shortly after destroying cancer cells, decreasing the need for an inducible suicide gene on CAR constructs that would ablate the modified cells.
  • the engineered cells may be obtained from peripheral blood, cord blood, bone marrow, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, lymph node tissue, or thymus tissue.
  • the engineered cells may include placental cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or hematopoietic stem cells.
  • the engineered cells may be obtained from humans, monkeys, chimpanzees, dogs, cats, mice, rats, and transgenic species thereof.
  • the engineered cells may be obtained from established cell lines.
  • the above cells may be obtained by any known means.
  • the engineered cells may be autologous, syngeneic, allogeneic, or xenogeneic to the recipient of the engineered cells.
  • autologous refer to any material derived from the same individual to whom it is later to be re-introduced into the individual.
  • allogeneic refers to any material derived from a different animal of the same species as the individual to whom the material is introduced. Two or more individuals are said to be allogeneic to one another when the genes at one or more loci are not identical. In some aspects, allogeneic material from individuals of the same species may be sufficiently unlike genetically to interact antigenic ally.
  • targeted effector activity in the engineered cell is enhanced by inhibition of either CD47 or SIRP ⁇ activity.
  • CD47 and/or SIRP ⁇ activity may be inhibited by treating the cell with an anti-CD47 or anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody.
  • CD47 or SIRP ⁇ activity may be inhibited by any method known to those skilled in the art.
  • binding of the engineered cell comprising a chimeric receptor of the present disclosure to amyloid promotes the phagocytosis of human amyloid fibrils.
  • the engineered cell comprising a chimeric receptor opsonizes human amyloid fibrils.
  • the cell comprising a chimeric receptor opsonizes rV ⁇ 6Wil fibrils.
  • contacting human amyloid fibrils with an engineered cell comprising a chimeric receptor of the present disclosure promotes the uptake of the human amyloid fibrils by the cell.
  • contacting human amyloid fibrils with an engineered cell comprising a chimeric receptor of the present disclosure promotes the opsonization of the human amyloid fibrils.
  • the engineered cell comprising a chimeric receptor phagocytoses amyloid.
  • an engineered cell comprising a chimeric receptor e.g., any one of the chimeric receptor described herein
  • CAR-expressing cells may be generated by using standard transfection or retroviral transduction of the effector cells, e.g., T-cells, with cDNA encoding the CAR.
  • the CAR protein is then presented on the plasma cell membrane.
  • This molecular biology technology is known in the art, and is generally associated with the development of tumor cell-directed CAR-T T-cell lymphocytes (see, e.g., Chavez, J. C. and F. L. Locke, Best Pract Res Clin Haematol, 2018. 31(2): p. 135-146; Cummins, K. D. and S.
  • a polynucleotide (such as a vector) comprising the CAR is introduced into a cell by any known means.
  • the polynucleotide is introduced using transfection or transduction.
  • the polynucleotide is a viral vector.
  • the engineered cells are expanded.
  • the engineered cells containing the polynucleotide described above are expanded by any known means.
  • the expanded cells are isolated by any known means to provide isolated engineered cells according to the present disclosure.
  • the method comprises contacting an amyloid deposit with any one of the chimeric receptors described herein. In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting an amyloid deposit with any one of the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor described herein.
  • the amyloid is AA, AL, AK, ATTR, Aß2M, Wild type TTR, AApoAI, AApoAII, AGel, ALys, ALect2, Afib, ACys. ACal, AMedin, AIAPP, APro, AIns, APrP, or A ⁇ .
  • amyloids contacted by the chimeric receptor comprise an amyloidogenic ⁇ 6 variable domain protein (V ⁇ 6Wil) or an amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain (AL), A ⁇ (1-40) amyloid-like fibril or an amyloidogenic A ⁇ precursor protein, or serum amyloid protein A (AA).
  • V ⁇ 6Wil amyloidogenic ⁇ 6 variable domain protein
  • AL amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain
  • a ⁇ (1-40) amyloid-like fibril or an amyloidogenic A ⁇ precursor protein or serum amyloid protein A (AA).
  • the amyloids contacted by the chimeric receptor comprise amyloidogenic forms of immunoglobulin heavy chain (AH), ⁇ 2 -microglobulin (A ⁇ 2 M), transthyretin variants (ATTR), apolipoprotein AI(AApoAI), apolipoprotein AII (AApoAII), gelsolin (AGel), lysozyme (ALys), leukocyte chemotactic factor (ALect2), fibrinogen a variants (AFib), cystatin variants (ACys), calcitonin ((ACal), lactadherin (AMed), islet amyloid polypeptide (AIAPP), prolactin (APro), insulin (AIns), prior protein (APrP); ⁇ -synuclein (A ⁇ Syn), tau (ATau), atrial natriuretic factor (AANF), or IAAP, AL ⁇ 4, Al ⁇ 1 other amyloidogenic peptides.
  • AH immunoglob
  • the amyloidogenic peptides contacted by the chimeric receptor can be a protein, a protein fragment, or a protein domain.
  • the amyloid comprises recombinant amyloidogenic proteins.
  • the amyloid is part of the pathology of a disease.
  • the amyloid-binding region of the chimeric receptor has binding affinity to the amyloid.
  • contacting the amyloid deposit with the chimeric receptor results in at least partial clearance of the amyloid.
  • the chimeric receptor is provided in the form of an engineered cell comprising the chimeric receptor, as described herein.
  • the amyloidosis is a systemic amyloidosis. In some embodiments, the amyloidosis is a familial amyloidosis. In other embodiments, the amyloidosis is a sporadic amyloidosis. In some embodiments, the amyloidosis or amyloid-related disease is AA amyloidosis. AL amyloidosis, AH amyloidosis, A ⁇ amyloidosis, ATTR amyloidosis, ALect2 amyloidosis, and IAPP amyloidosis of type II diabetes, Alzheimer's disease.
  • Down's syndrome hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type, cerebral beta-amyloid angiopathy, spongiform encelohalopathy, thyroid tumors, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewis bodies, a tauopathy, Huntington's disease, senile systemic amyloidosis, familial hemodialysis, senile systemic aging, aging pituitary disorder, iatrogenic syndrome, spongiform encephalopathies, reactive chronic inflammation, thyroid tumors, myeloma or other forms of cancer.
  • Also provided herein are methods of treating a subject comprising administering to the subject any one of the chimeric receptors described herein.
  • a cell e.g., a phagocytic cell
  • a macrophage comprising the chimeric receptor
  • a monocyte comprising the chimeric receptor is administered.
  • provided herein are methods of treating a subject having amyloidosis. For example, an effective amount of a cell comprising a chimeric receptor as described herein is administered to a subject, thereby treating the subject or allowing imaging of the amyloid deposits.
  • a method for clearing amyloid deposits in a subject includes, for example, selecting a subject with amyloidosis and administering to the subject an effective amount of an engineered cell comprising a chimeric receptor as described herein.
  • the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor include, for example, engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor comprising an amyloid-binding peptide or functional fragment thereof, or engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor comprising an amyloid-binding regions derived from an antibody that binds amyloid.
  • Administration of the engineered cell comprising a chimeric receptor thereby results in clearance of the amyloid and hence treatment of the subject.
  • the method of treating a subject having amyloidosis and/or the method of removing amyloid comprises administering a dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor to a subject in need thereof (e.g., a human having amyloidosis). In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor is administered.
  • engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor are administered as (a) single infusion or (b) multiple infusions (e.g., a single dose split into multiple infusions).
  • a dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor includes about 10 4 to about 10 9 cells/kg, e.g., about 10 4 to about 10 5 cells/kg, about 10 5 to about 10 6 cells/kg, about 10 6 to about 10 7 cells/kg, about 10 7 to about 10 8 cells/kg, or about 10 8 to about 10 9 cells/kg.
  • the dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor comprises about 0.6 ⁇ 10 6 cells/kg, to about 2 ⁇ 10 7 cells/kg.
  • a dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor includes about 2 ⁇ 10 5 , 1 ⁇ 10 6 , 1.1 ⁇ 10 6 , 2 ⁇ 10 6 , 3 ⁇ 10 6 , 3.6 ⁇ 10 6 , 5 ⁇ 10 6 , 1 ⁇ 10 7 , 1.8 ⁇ 10 7 , 2 ⁇ 10 7 , 5 ⁇ 10 7 , 1 ⁇ 10 8 , 2 ⁇ 10 8 , 3 ⁇ 10 8 , or 5 ⁇ 10 8 cells/kg.
  • a dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor comprises at least about 1 ⁇ 10 6 , 1.1 ⁇ 10 6 , 2 ⁇ 10 6 , 3.6 ⁇ 10 6 , 5 ⁇ 10 6 , 1 ⁇ 10 7 , 1.8 ⁇ 10 7 , 2 ⁇ 10 7 , 5 ⁇ 10 7 , 1 ⁇ 10 8 , 2 ⁇ 10 8 , 3 ⁇ 10 8 , or 5 ⁇ 10 8 cells/kg.
  • a dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor comprises about 1 ⁇ 10 6 , 1.1 ⁇ 10 6 , 2 ⁇ 10 6 , 3.6 ⁇ 10 6 , 5 ⁇ 10 6 , 1 ⁇ 10 7 , 1.8 ⁇ 10 7 , 2 ⁇ 10 7 , 5 ⁇ 10 7 , 1 ⁇ 10 8 , 2 ⁇ 10 8 , or 5 ⁇ 10 8 cells/kg.
  • a dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor comprises at least about 1 ⁇ 10 6 1.1 ⁇ 10 6 , 2 ⁇ 10 6 , 3.6 ⁇ 10 6 , 5 ⁇ 10 6 , 1 ⁇ 10 7 , 1.8 ⁇ 10 7 , 2 ⁇ 10 7 , 5 ⁇ 10 7 , 1 ⁇ 10 8 , 2 ⁇ 10 8 , or 5 ⁇ 10 8 cells/kg.
  • a dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor comprises up to about 1 ⁇ 10 6 , 1.1 ⁇ 10 6 , 2 ⁇ 10 6 , 3.6 ⁇ 10 6 , 5 ⁇ 10 6 , 1 ⁇ 10 7 , 1.8 ⁇ 10 7 , 2 ⁇ 10 7 , 5 ⁇ 10 7 , 1 ⁇ 10 8 , 2 ⁇ 10 8 , or 5 ⁇ 10 8 cells/kg. In some embodiments, a dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor comprises about 1.1 ⁇ 10 6 -1.8 ⁇ 10 7 cells/kg.
  • a dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor comprises about 1 ⁇ 10 7 , 2 ⁇ 10 7 , 5 ⁇ 10 7 , 1 ⁇ 10 8 , 2 ⁇ 10 8 , 5 ⁇ 10 8 , 1 ⁇ 10 9 , 2 ⁇ 10 9 , or 5 ⁇ 10 9 cells. In some embodiments, a dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor comprises at least about 1 ⁇ 10 7 , 2 ⁇ 10 7 , 5 ⁇ 10 7 , 1 ⁇ 10 8 , 2 ⁇ 10 8 , 5 ⁇ 10 8 , 1 ⁇ 10 9 , 2 ⁇ 10 9 , or 5 ⁇ 10 9 cells.
  • a dose of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor comprises up to about 1 ⁇ 10 7 , 2 ⁇ 10 7 , 5 ⁇ 10 7 , 1 ⁇ 10 8 , 2 ⁇ 108, 5 ⁇ 10 8 , 1 ⁇ 10 9 , 2 ⁇ 10 9 , or 5 ⁇ 10 9 cells.
  • the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor can be administered by using infusion techniques that are commonly known in immunotherapy (see, e.g., Rosenberg et al., New Eng. J. of Med. 319:1676, 1988).
  • the administration of the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor to the subject may be carried out in any convenient manner, including by aerosol inhalation, injection, ingestion, transfusion, implantation or transplantation.
  • the compositions described herein may be administered to a patient trans-arterially, subcutaneously, intradermally, intratumorally, intranodally, intramedullary, intramuscularly, by intravenous (i.v.) injection, or intraperitoneally.
  • the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor are administered to a patient by intradermal or subcutaneous injection.
  • engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor of the present invention are administered by i.v. injection.
  • the compositions of the cells comprising a chimeric receptor may be injected directly into a disease site, e.g., a site in the body with amyloid deposits.
  • the chimeric receptor is introduced into cells (e.g., macrophages), and the subject (e.g., a human) receives an initial administration of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor, and one or more subsequent administrations of the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor, wherein the one or more subsequent administrations are administered less than 15 days, e.g., 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 days after the previous administration.
  • more than one administration of the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor are administered to the subject per week, e.g., 2, 3, or 4 administrations of the cells engineered comprising a chimeric receptor are administered per week.
  • the subject receives more than one administration of the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor per week (e.g., 2, 3 or 4 administrations per week)(also referred to herein as a “cycle”), followed by a week of no engineered cell comprising a chimeric receptor administrations, and then one or more additional administration of the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor (e.g., more than one administration of the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor per week) is administered to the subject.
  • the subject receives more than one cycle of engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor, and the time between each cycle is less than 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, or 3 days.
  • the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor are administered every other day for 3 administrations per week. In some embodiments, the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor are administered for at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or more weeks.
  • the cells comprising a chimeric receptor bind amyloid deposits in an individual.
  • the amyloid deposits may contribute to the pathology of a disease.
  • the amyloid deposits may be indicative of amyloidosis or an amyloid-related disease in an individual.
  • the cells comprising a chimeric receptor bind to amyloids in an individual with an amyloidosis.
  • the amyloidosis is localized to a specific tissue or organ system, such as the liver, the heart, or the central nervous system. In other embodiments, the amyloidosis is a systemic amyloidosis.
  • the amyloidosis is a familial amyloidosis. In other embodiments, the amyloidosis is a sporadic amyloidosis. In some embodiments, the amyloidosis or amyloid-related disease is AA amyloidosis, AL amyloidosis, AH amyloidosis, A ⁇ amyloidosis, ATTR amyloidosis, ALect2 amyloidosis, and IAPP amyloidosis of type II diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type, cerebral beta-amyloid angiopathy, spongiform encelohalopathy, thyroid tumors, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewis bodies, a tauopathy.
  • the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor bind to amyloids associated with normal aging. In other embodiments, the engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor are used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prognosis of an amyloidosis or amyloid-related disease in a subject.
  • a method for both diagnosing and treating a subject suffering from amyloidosis includes administering to the subject detectably-labeled engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor and, based on administering the labeled engineered cells, determining that the subject is suffering from an amyloidosis.
  • An effective amount of an amyloid treatment can then be administered to the subject.
  • an effective amount of one or more engineered cells comprising a chimeric receptor can be administered.
  • the subject is a mammal such as primate, bovine, rodent, or pig. In some embodiments, the subject is a human.
  • chimeric receptors nucleic acids, vectors, host cells, engineered cells comprising chimeric receptors, and methods provided herein are included in the following non-limiting list of embodiments.
  • Embodiment 1 A chimeric receptor, the chimeric receptor comprising: a cytoplasmic domain, wherein the cytoplasmic domain comprises a signaling domain of a receptor that when activated activates a macrophage; a transmembrane domain, and an extracellular domain, wherein the extracellular domain comprises and amyloid binding region.
  • Embodiment 2. The chimeric receptor of embodiment 1, wherein the amyloid binding region comprises an amyloid binding peptide or functional fragment thereof as set forth in Table A.
  • Embodiment 3 The chimeric receptor of embodiment 2, wherein the amyloid binding peptide or functional fragment thereof is joined directly or indirectly to a CH2 domain or fragment thereof.
  • Embodiment 6. The chimeric receptor of em 5, wherein the 11-1F4 antibody fragment comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the 11-1F4 VL sequence set forth in Table 1.
  • Embodiment 9. The chimeric receptor of embodiment 8, wherein the cytoplasmic domain comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the sequence of the cytoplasmic domain I or cytoplasmic domain II set forth in Table 1 or Table 3.
  • Embodiment 10 The chimeric receptor of any of embodiments 1-9, wherein binding of an amyloid to the extracellular domain activates the cytoplasmic domain of the chimeric receptor.
  • a method for removing an amyloid comprising contacting an amyloid deposit with the chimeric receptor of any of embodiments 1-10.
  • Embodiment 12 The method of embodiment 11, wherein the amyloid is AA, AL, AH, ATTR, Aß2M, Wild type TTR, AApoAI, AApoAII, AGel, ALys, ALect2, Afib, ACys, ACal, AMedin, AIAPP, APro, AIns, APrP, or A ⁇ .
  • Embodiment 13 The method of embodiment 12, wherein the amyloid binding region of the chimeric receptor has binding affinity to the amyloid.
  • Embodiment 15 A method of treating a subject comprising administering to the subject the chimeric receptor of any of embodiments 1-10.
  • Embodiment 16 The method of embodiment 15, wherein administering to the subject the chimeric receptor comprises administering a macrophage or monocyte expressing the chimeric receptor.
  • Embodiment 17 The chimeric receptor of embodiment 1 or the method of any of embodiments 11-16, wherein the receptor has 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the sequence set forth as the CAR-P Construct-345aa in Table 3, with or without the secretory leader sequence.
  • Embodiment 18 The chimeric receptor of embodiment 1 or the method of any of embodiments 11-16, wherein each component of the receptor has 80, 85, 90, 95. 97, 98, or 99% sequence identity to the corresponding component of as the CAR-P Construct-345aa in Table 3, together or separately.
  • ATTR age-dependent transthyretin-associated
  • AL amyloidosis
  • CAR chimeric antigen receptor
  • CAR-P chimeric antigen receptor-phagocytic
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • FcR Fc receptor
  • mAb monoclonal antibody
  • mos months
  • M ⁇ macrophage
  • SAP serum amyloid P
  • SC subcutaneously
  • scFv single-chain variable fragment
  • amyloid binding regions derived from the amyloid-reactive monoclonal antibody 11-1F4 and amyloid-targeting peptides.
  • amyloid-reactive monoclonal antibody (mAb) 11-1F4 has been generated and characterized as a therapeutic (Hrncic, R., et al., Am J Pathol, 2000. 157(4): p. 1239-46; O'Nuallain, B., et al., Amyloid and Amyloidosis: Proceedings of the Xth International Symposium on Amyloidosis. 2005. Tours, France: CRC Press; O'Nuallain, B., et al., Biochemistry, 2007. 46(5): p. 1240-7; Wall, J. S., et al., J Nucl Med, 2006. 47(12): p. 2016-2024).
  • NCT01409148 A first-in-human biodistribution study (NCT01409148) was conducted that showed radioiodinated 11-1F4 accumulation specifically in certain amyloid-laden organs in AL patients by PET/CT imaging ( FIG. 4 D ; Wall, J. S., et al., Blood, 2010. 116(13): p. 2241-4).
  • 11-1F4 was capable of specific targeting of AL amyloid in patients and that, in mice, binding of the mAb could facilitate M ⁇ -mediated dissolution of human amyloid.
  • the amino acid sequence of the murine 1-1F4 heavy and light variable domains was determined and used to generate a chimeric reagent (using human IgG1).
  • the c11-1F4 has now undergone Phase 1 clinical evaluation for safety and efficacy in patients with AL amyloidosis (NCT02245867).
  • Interim data indicated that treatment with c11-1F4 mAb was well tolerated and caused improvement in cardiac and renal-related biomarkers in patients with AL amyloidosis (Edwards, C. V., et al., Amyloid, 2017. 24(supl): p. 58-59).
  • a peptide designated p5 was identified: a 31-amino acid, non-natural, polybasic (+8) reagent that was capable of binding synthetic AL-amyloid fibrils as well as human AL and ATTR amyloid extracts (Martin. E. B., et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013. 436(1): p. 85-9; Wall, J. S., et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2011. 108(34): p. E586-94). Subsequently, a p5 derivative with an increased net positive charge (peptide p5+14) was generated, which similarly bound AL- and ATTR-associated amyloid but with greater affinity and avidity (Martin, E. B., et al., Sci Rep, 2016. 6: p. 22695; Wall, J. S., et al., Molecules, 2015. 20(5): p. 7657-82).
  • this peptide has been characterized extensively with the goal of translating a radiolabeled variant to the clinic as a novel agent for imaging systemic amyloidosis.
  • the peptide is used as a binding-receptor component of a CAR, which specifically targets and activates M ⁇ in the presence of amyloid, resulting in phagocytosis.
  • amyloid binding mAb 11-1F4 presented as a single chain variable fragment (scFv) is proposed as the amyloid-binding receptor, since scFv structures have been shown to be active in the CAR setting (Morrissey, M. A., et al., Elife, 2018. 7).
  • An imaging trial of 124 I-11-1F4 indicated that the mAb imaged only ⁇ 60% of AL patients (Wall, J. S., et al., Blood, 2010. 116(13): p. 2241-4).
  • a second CAR-P design employs the use of multi-amyloid-reactive peptides as the binding receptor (see below). This is a novel approach, since most CAR constructs use mAb-related scFv as the receptor.
  • tumor Le Joncour, V. and P. Laakkonen, Bioorg Med Chem, 2018. 26(10): p. 2797-2806
  • amyloid targeting peptides Wang, J. S., et al., Molecules, 2015. 20(5): p. 765742; Wall, J. S., et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2018. 115(46): p.
  • 11-1F4 CAR tandem SEQ Primary structure ID Domain (amino acids) NO Notes Leader MASPLTRFLS LNLLLLGESI 28 Residues 1-27 mouse ILGSGEA CD8 a chain (UniProtKB -P01731 [CD8A_MOUSE]) 11-1F4 VL DIVLTQSPAS LAVSLGQRAT 19 11-1F4, amino acids ISYRASKSVS TSGYSYMHWN 1-111 QQKPGQPPRL LIYLVSNLES GVPARFSGSG SGTDFTLNIH PVEEEDAATY YCQHIRELTR FGGGTKLEIK R scFv linker GGSSRSSSSGG GGSGGGG 27 See Andris-Widhopf, J., etaL, Cold Spring Harb Protoc , 2011.
  • a second set of three CARs incorporated the p5+14 peptide as the amyloid receptor and will similarly use the three diverse cytoplasmic signal domains ( FIG. 6 , diagram (ii)).
  • Protein sequences for each module have been identified from protein sequence databases (e.g., UniProt) that are used to generate the CARs.
  • a murine CH2 domain (from the ISG2a Fc domain) was included immediately distal (C-terminal) to the peptide to position it away from the cell surface. It is believed that this will be necessary to minimize interactions of the highly positively charged p5+14 peptide with components of the plasma membrane, notably glycosaminoglycans that have a high negative charge density.
  • the murine IgG2a Fc CH2 domain was chosen because an Fc2a-peptide fusion reagent was previously generated in which the amyloid-reactive peptide was fused to the CH2 domain.
  • amyloid-reactive peptide retained its ability to bind AL amyloid and synthetic amyloid-like AL fibrils (Foster, J. S., et al., Front Immunol, 2017. 8: p. 1082).
  • the sequence of the peptide p5+14 and murine Fc2a CH2 are shown in Table 2.
  • CH2 domain could be substituted by any other compatible sequence to achieve the same goal.
  • numerous cytoplasmic phagocytosis signaling domains may be employed: M ⁇ have four canonical phagocytosis receptors with distinct cytoplasmic elements, although other receptors can be engaged (Taylor, P. R., et al., Annu Rev Immunol, 2005. 23: p. 901-44).
  • signal transduction through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) elements is considered a major component of the phagocytosis process, and these elements can be used alone, in combination with other elements (Hamerman, J. A., et al., Immunol Rev, 2009.
  • cDNA sequences encoding the entire CAR are synthesized by Genscript (Piscataway, N.J.), cloned into the pEF-ENTR A (Addgene) vector, and recombined into pLenti CMV GFP Dest (Addgene) for packaging as lentivirus by transfection into HEK293T cells using 3 rd generation packaging systems with VSV-G psuedotyping.
  • This bicistronic destination vector includes a green fluorescent protein (GFP) sequence to allow identification of positively transfected cells.
  • GFP green fluorescent protein
  • the murine phagocytic M ⁇ cell line RAW264.7 (RAW; ATCC TIB-71) is transduced with lentivirus for stable incorporation followed by limited dilution cloning.
  • the non-phagocytic murine monocyte cell line WEHI-274.1 is transduced (WEHI; ATCC CRL-1679). It is reasoned that, since murine RAW M ⁇ , even those lacking CARs, will exhibit a basal level of amyloid phagocytosis, the WEHI-274 cells serve as a negative control cell to study binding of amyloid to the CARs in the absence of phagocytosis.
  • GFP-expressing RAW and WEHI cells are generated by transfection or transduction with pLenti CMV GFP Dest or another vector with only GFP.
  • Surface expression of the 11-1F4 scFv or p5+14 peptide CARs is verified by standard immunofluorescence (Alexa-594) on fixed cells with 11-1F4 anti-idiotype or p5+14-reactive mAbs generated previously (Wall, J. S., et al., Pharm Pat Anal, 2017. 6(5): p. 215-223).
  • the number of expressed receptors per cell is assessed by either cell surface flow cytometry (Qu, C. X., et al., J Clin Lab Anal, 2006. 20(6): p.
  • RAW and WEHI cells are transduced, evidenced by the expression of GFP-associated green fluorescence, and cloned by limiting dilution, to study the cell surface binding of synthetic AL-associated amyloid fibrils (Wall, J., et al., Biochemistry, 1999. 38(42): p. 14101-8) and human AL amyloid extracts.
  • Data is acquired using an Attune NxT acoustic focusing cytoneter (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, Calif.) by gating first for intact cells using forward and side scatter parameters, before gating on GFP (using an excitation at 488 nm and the emission detected with a 532 nm filter).
  • the number of GFP-positive cells also positive for AlexaFluor-594 (574 nm filter) serves as a metric of binding efficiency.
  • This study assesses the integrity of the surface-expressed 11-1F4 scFv and p5+14 peptide and their ability to bind amyloid.
  • This reagent has been used extensively to study the uptake of bacteria and, more recently, amyloid fibrils (Richey et al. (2019) Am J. Pathol . accepted) into the acidified phagolysosome of M ⁇ where the fluorescence emission of the fluorophore is greatly enhanced (Miksa, M., et al., J Immunol Methods, 2009. 342(1-2): p. 71-7).
  • CAR-expressing RAW cells are grown and seeded at 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells per well in RPMI medium, in a 24-well culture dish, until they are semi-confluent.
  • Fluorophore-conjugated AL amyloid is added to the wells to a final concentration of 25-50 ⁇ g/mL, in a 1-mL final volume. It is anticipated that the amyloid material is insoluble and rapidly settles to the base of the well. After a 2-24 hour incubation period the wells are washed with warmed RPMI and prepared for analysis. Dual fluorophore (red and green) photomicrographs are acquired using a Keyence Bz-x700 fluorescent microscope (40 ⁇ objective with 3 ⁇ digital zoom). The number of CAR-P-positive (green) cells containing red-fluorescent amyloid particles is quantified and compared to CAR-P-negative cells using an unpaired, two-tailed t-test, or a non-parametric equivalent.
  • flow cytometric analyses (as described in Example 3, above) is performed using cells in suspension lifted from the culture dishes. The number of coincident red (pHrodo red) and green (GFP-positive) cells is quantified and compared to CAR-negative, GFP-expressing control RAW and WEHI cells.
  • Co-localization of the injected M ⁇ with the amyloid and phagocytosis is visualized by optical imaging of anesthetized (1.5% isoflurane) mice at 1, 3, 4, and 7 days post injection (Wall, J. S., et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2018. 115(46): p. E10839-E10848).
  • the fluorescent intensity of each fluorophore is quantified from digital images.
  • the residual amyloid material, as well as the liver, spleen, lung, and kidneys is harvested post-mortem, fixed in formalin, and tissue sections are prepared and evaluated by fluorescence microscopy to discern the overall biodistribution of the GFP-positive M ⁇ .
  • the presence of M ⁇ is quantified in a minimum of 5 consecutive 6 ⁇ m-thick tissue sections from morphometric analysis of fluorescence photomicrographs. Data from the mice receiving the CAR-P M ⁇ is compared with control cells using an unpaired two-tailed t-test.
  • Table 3 below, provides exemplary spacer, transmembrane, cytoplasmic region. CH2, leader, p5, and full-length CAR-P amino acid sequences.
  • Cytoplasmic region 1 (SEQ ID NO: 42, bolded and italicized); full-length sequence: SEQ ID NO: 56 MALPVTALLL PLALLLHAAR P**SQFR VSP TV GGGYSKAQKAQAKQAKQAQKAQKAQAKQAKQ VTPTV 410 420 430 440 450 AYEEPDSEEG SEFYENDSNL GQDQVSQDGS GYENPEDEPM GPEEEDSFSN 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 547 Design Parameters (CAR-P) Signal peptide: aa 1-21 CD8 (Uniprot Q96QR6_HUMAN) Extracellular antibody sequence: V-L chain: aa 23-130 anti-CD19 CAR (Genbank AMZ04819) - GS linker: ggtggcggtggctcgggcggtgggtggcggcggatct (SEQ ID NO: 46 - V-H chain
  • 11-1F4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 19) DIVLTQSPAS LAVSLGQRAT ISYRASKSVS TSGYSYMHWN QQKPGQPPRL LIYLVSNLES GVPARFSGSG SGTDFTLNIH PVEEEDAATY YCQHIRELTR FQGGTKLEIK R 11-1F4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 20) QVQLKESGPG LVAPSQSLSI TCTVSGFSLS SYGVSWVRQP PGKGLEWLGV IWGDGSTNYH PNIMSRSLSI SKDISKSQVL FKLNSLQTDD TATYYCVTLD YWGQGTSVTV S 11-1F4 CDR-H1 (SEQ ID NO: 21) GFSLSSYGVS 11-1F4 CDR-H2 (SEQ ID NO: 22) VIWGDGSTNYHPNLMS 11-1F4 CDR-

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WO2022120378A1 (en) * 2020-12-04 2022-06-09 University Of Tennessee Research Foundation Method for diagnosing amyloid diseases
US20260070962A1 (en) * 2022-09-02 2026-03-12 University Of Tennessee Research Foundation Chimeric antigen receptors for removal of amyloid
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IL294740A (en) 2022-09-01

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