US20220416285A1 - Kit for a fuel cell stack and method for producing a fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Kit for a fuel cell stack and method for producing a fuel cell stack Download PDF

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Publication number
US20220416285A1
US20220416285A1 US17/775,855 US202117775855A US2022416285A1 US 20220416285 A1 US20220416285 A1 US 20220416285A1 US 202117775855 A US202117775855 A US 202117775855A US 2022416285 A1 US2022416285 A1 US 2022416285A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
unit cells
media
drain
flow cross
fuel
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Pending
Application number
US17/775,855
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English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Kluy
Markus Gretzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
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Audi AG
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Publication of US20220416285A1 publication Critical patent/US20220416285A1/en
Assigned to AUDI AG reassignment AUDI AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KLUY, Norbert, GRETZER, Markus
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
    • H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the invention relate to a kit for a fuel cell stack and a method for producing a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell device.
  • Fuel cell devices are used for the chemical transformation of a fuel with oxygen to form water, in order to generate electric energy.
  • fuel cells contain as their key component a so-called membrane electrode assembly, which is formed from a proton-conducting membrane with an electrode arranged on either side of it (anode and cathode).
  • gas diffusion layers may be arranged on both sides of the membrane electrode assembly, on the sides of the electrodes facing away from the membrane.
  • the fuel especially hydrogen (H 2 ) or a hydrogen-containing gas mixture, is supplied to the anode, where an electrochemical oxidation of H 2 to form H + takes place, giving off electrons.
  • the membrane which electrically insulates and separates the reaction spaces from each other, there occurs a water-bound or water-free transport of the protons H + from the anode space to the cathode space.
  • the electrons provided at the anode are conveyed across an electrical line to the cathode.
  • the cathode is supplied with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas mixture, so that a reduction of O 2 to O 2 ⁇ occurs, taking up electrons.
  • the oxygen anions in the cathode space react with the protons transported across the membrane to form water.
  • This water needs to be drained out from the fuel cell and the fuel cell stack, until a moisture level necessary for the operation of the fuel cell device is achieved.
  • Fuel cell devices are used in the most diverse of systems, for example in motor vehicles, in commercial vehicles, or even in household appliances, so that many different requirements are placed on each individual unit cell formed from a distribution plate comprising media channels and a membrane electrode assembly. Between every two adjacent distribution plates, which together can form a bipolar plate, a cooling medium typically also flows to the suitable temperature control of the fuel cell stack.
  • the three media namely, the fuel, the cathode gas, and the coolant, are taken separately from each other to the respective active regions of the unit cells, the supply and the drainage occurring through so-called media guides. This supplying and draining of each medium to or from the active region of the cell occurs perpendicular to the stacking direction of a fuel cell stack.
  • One such media guide or one such “external header” can be found, for example, in DE 10 2017 210 263 A1, being arranged laterally on a plurality of fuel cells of the same design, stacked on top of each other, in order to guide a medium laterally, i.e., perpendicular with respect to the stacking direction, into the active regions.
  • the media guide is associated with a piezoelement, which his adapted to establish a flow cross section in the lateral direction, by which the supplying and the 10 draining of media can be optimized in flexible manner.
  • DE 10 2014 220 682 A1 likewise describes a fuel cell stack having an element which can be inserted in a media port, the element having a shape which produces a suitable distribution of the medium among the unit cells. These inserts in the supply openings serve to equalize the pressure distribution of the medium respectively supplied to and drained from the unit cell.
  • a fuel cell stack is also described in US 2011/0244353 A1, comprising media ports in which an adjustable element can be inserted in order to provide an equal distribution of the pressure for the medium.
  • This pressure distribution can be adjusted variably by shifting the individual elements in order to narrow the cross section of the media guide.
  • bipolar plates can have smaller dimensions in their design, since there are no media ports.
  • the costly material for bipolar plates can be economized, since the external media guides, which are arranged laterally on the fuel cell stack, can be made from a cheaper material.
  • the costliest part of any fuel cell is the active surface, which is used to generate a current. Hence, it is desirable to produce unit cells of the same design. Different power classes can then be handled by stacking the unit cells in different numbers.
  • kits for a fuel cell stack as well as a method for the production of a fuel cell stack for a fuel cell device with which the fuel cell stack can easily be adapted to different power conditions.
  • the kit comprises in particular a first plurality of unit cells of the same design, which can be stacked on top of each other in a stacking direction and which each have one or more media channels and a membrane electrode assembly, the membrane electrode assembly comprising a cathode, an anode, and a membrane arranged between the cathode and the anode.
  • the kit comprises a first media guide, which can be laterally connected to the first plurality of unit cells and runs parallel to the stacking direction, having a first usable flow cross section, in order to guide a medium into or out from the media channels of the unit cells of the first plurality of unit cells substantially laterally with respect to the stacking direction.
  • the kit comprises a second plurality of unit cells of the same design and a second media guide, which can be connected laterally to the two pluralities of unit cells stacked on top of one another and running parallel to the stacking direction, having a second usable flow cross section, different from the first usable flow cross section, in order to guide a medium into or out from the media channels of the unit cells of the two pluralities of unit cells substantially laterally to the stacking direction.
  • the use of different geometries in the external “headers”, i.e., the laterally attachable media guides, means that the media supply process of the stack can be optimally designed for every power class with no compromises. Since higher power classes of a fuel cell device mean higher media consumption, each media supply and/or media drain is optimized in that, for larger power classes, the external media guides with a larger conduit cross section may be mounted on the stacked unit cells.
  • the first usable flow cross section of the first media guide may be smaller than the second usable flow cross section of the second media guide.
  • first media guides and a plurality of second media guides may be present.
  • the first media guides are formed from a first fuel supply and a first fuel drain, a first cathode gas supply and a first cathode gas drain, and a first coolant supply and a first coolant drain.
  • the second media guides may be formed from a second fuel supply and a second fuel drain.
  • the second media guides may furthermore comprise a second cathode gas supply and a second cathode gas drain, and a second coolant supply and a second coolant drain. All of the second media guides may have a larger usable flow cross section than is the case for the first media guides.
  • An optimized supplying of the active surface of the stacked unit cells can be achieved, for example, in that the first fuel supply and the second fuel supply can be connected to a first short edge of the stacked unit cells, and the first fuel drain and the second fuel drain can be connected to a second short edge of the stacked unit cells.
  • the rectangular shaped unit cells are provided with media channels which extend up to the respective plate edge of the unit cells, and the fuel supply runs from the first short edge across the active region to the second short edge of the unit cells.
  • the first cathode gas supply and the second cathode gas supply may be connectible to a first long edge of the stacked unit cells. and the first cathode gas drain and the second cathode gas drain to be connectible to a second long edge of the stacked unit cells.
  • the cathode gas supply can be deflected in this case, so that the cathode gas supplies and the cathode gas drains are arranged offset at the two opposite long edges.
  • the first coolant supply and the second coolant supply can be connected to a first long edge of the stacked unit cells, and the first coolant drain and the second coolant drain can be connected to a second long edge of the stacked unit cells.
  • the coolant it is possible for the coolant to undergo a deflection, so that the coolant supply at the first long edge is arranged opposite, but with an offset, to the coolant drain located at the second long edge.
  • the ratio of the first usable flow cross section and the second usable flow cross section of the fuel supplies and/or the fuel drains may be different from the ratio of the first usable flow cross section and second usable flow cross section of the cathode gas supplies and/or the cathode gas drains. In this way, further design space can be economized.
  • the usable flow cross sections of the cathode gas supply and/or the cathode gas drain and/or the coolant supply and/or the coolant drain may be rectangular in shape, and the usable flow cross sections of the fuel supply and/or the fuel drain may form a circular segment, at least for a portion, or entirely.
  • the method for production of a fuel cell stack for a fuel cell device involves in particular the following steps:
  • This method has the advantage that the fuel cell stack can be easily produced, such that it is adapted to the desired power capacity, the flow cross sections of the media guides being adapted to the number of stacked unit cells of the same design.
  • the unit cell used can remain intact, ensuring an optimal media supply for any given stack size thanks to the use of different media guides.
  • Different power classes of the fuel cell stack can be realized by different numbers of stacked unit cells.
  • the stackable unit cells of the same design may have a pair of parallel arranged receiving slots running in the stacking direction, a free end of the at least one media guide being accommodated in each receiving slot, and at least one of the receiving slots comprising a latch seat in which a latch situated on at least one of the free ends is accommodated, especially in form-fitting manner.
  • both the latch seat and the latch are cylindrical.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematically depicted first fuel cell stack comprising a first plurality of unit cells of the same design, stacked in a stacking direction (z-direction), in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematically depicted second fuel cell stack comprising the first plurality of unit cells of the same design, stacked in a stacking direction, and a second plurality of unit cells, stacked onto it, in a perspective view.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematically depicted cross sectional view through the fuel cell stack of FIG. 1 , perpendicular to the stacking direction.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematically depicted cross sectional view through the fuel cell stack of FIG. 2 , perpendicular to the stacking direction.
  • FIG. 5 shows a kit to form the fuel cell stack of FIG. 1 and the fuel cell stack of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective detail view of the fuel cell stack of FIG. 1 or 2 .
  • FIG. 7 shows a detail view of one of the receiving slots to accommodate a free end of a media guide.
  • FIG. 8 shows another detail view of the receiving slot with a free end of the media guide inserted in it.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 show a first fuel cell stack 1 , comprising a first plurality of unit cells 2 of the same design, stacked on top of one another in a stacking direction (z-direction), each of them having one or more media channels and a membrane electrode assembly, which comprises a cathode, an anode, and a membrane arranged between the cathode and the anode.
  • the fuel cell stack 1 encompasses multiple first media guides 3 , laterally connected to the first plurality of unit cells 2 and running parallel to the stacking direction, each of them having a first usable flow cross section in order to guide a medium substantially laterally to the stacking direction into or out from the media channels of the unit cells 2 of the first plurality of unit cells 2 .
  • the first media guides 3 are subdivided into a first fuel supply 31 , which is arranged at a first short edge 5 of the stacked unit cells 2 , and a first fuel drain 32 , which is connected to the second short edge 6 of the stacked unit cells 2 , situated opposite the first short edge 5 .
  • first cathode gas supply 33 which is connected to a first long edge 7 of the stacked unit cells 2
  • first cathode gas drain 34 which is connected to a second long edge 8 of the stacked unit cells 2 , situated opposite the first long edge 7 .
  • the first cathode gas supply 33 and the first cathode gas drain 34 are arranged with an offset from each other at the long edges 7 , 8 , so that the air undergoes a deflection in the active region of the unit cells 2 .
  • the first media guides 3 encompass a first coolant supply 35 , which is likewise mounted at the first long edge 7 of the stacked unit cells 2 , the first media guides 3 including in addition a first coolant drain 36 , which is likewise mounted at the second long edge 8 of the stacked unit cells 2 and arranged with an offset to the first coolant supply 35 .
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 show a second fuel cell stack 1 , comprising a second plurality of unit cells 2 of the same design. This second plurality is stacked onto the first plurality of unit cells 2 of the same design that is shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 .
  • This fuel cell stack 1 also comprises multiple second media guides 4 connecting laterally to the pluralities of unit cells 2 and running parallel to the stacking direction, having a second usable flow cross section which is different from the first usable flow cross section, in order to guide a medium substantially laterally to the stacking direction into or out from the media channels of the unit cells 2 of the two pluralities of unit cells 2 .
  • second media guides 4 are provided a total of six second media guides 4 , the second media guides 4 being formed from a second fuel supply 41 , a second fuel drain 42 , a second cathode gas supply 43 and a second cathode gas drain 44 , as well as a second coolant supply 45 and a second coolant drain 46 . All of these second media guides 4 are mounted on the two stacked pluralities of unit cells 2 in analogous manner to the first media guides 3 .
  • the usable flow cross sections of the cathode gas supply 33 , 43 and the cathode gas drain 34 , 44 and the coolant supply 35 , 45 and the coolant drain 36 , 46 are rectangular.
  • the usable flow cross sections of the fuel supplies 31 , 41 and the fuel drains 32 , 42 are in the shape of a cylindrical segment.
  • FIG. 5 shows a kit for the two above explained fuel cell stacks 1 , encompassing the first plurality of unit cells 2 of the same design, stacked on top of each other in a stacking direction, each of them comprising one or more media channels and a membrane electrode assembly, which comprises a cathode, an anode, and a membrane arranged between the cathode and the anode.
  • the kit furthermore encompasses a total of six first media guides 3 which can be connected laterally to the first plurality of unit cells 2 and which run parallel to the stacking direction, having a first usable flow cross section in order to guide a medium substantially laterally to the stacking direction into or out from the media channels of the unit cells 2 of the first plurality of unit cells 2 .
  • the first media guides 3 are subdivided into a first fuel supply 31 , which is arranged at a first short edge 5 of the stacked unit cells 2 , and a first fuel drain 32 , which is connected to the second short edge 6 of the stacked unit cells, situated opposite the first short edge 5 .
  • first cathode gas supply 33 which can be connected to a first long edge 7 of the stacked unit cells 2
  • a first cathode gas drain 34 likewise not shown for sake of clarity—which can be connected to a second long edge 8 of the stacked unit cells 2 , situated opposite the first long edge 7 .
  • the first cathode gas supply 33 and the first cathode gas drain 34 are arranged with an offset from each other at the long edges 7 , 8 , so that the air undergoes a deflection in the active region of the unit cells 2 .
  • first media guides 3 encompass a first coolant supply 35 —not otherwise shown for sake of clarity—which is likewise mounted at the first long edge 7 of the stacked unit cells 2 , the first media guides 3 including in addition a first coolant drain 36 —likewise not otherwise shown for sake of clarity—which can likewise be mounted at the second long edge 8 of the stacked unit cells 2 and arranged with an offset to the first coolant supply 35 .
  • the kit furthermore encompasses a second plurality of unit cells 2 of the same design.
  • the kit encompasses a second media guide 4 which can be connected laterally to the two pluralities of unit cells 2 stacked on top of each other and running parallel to the stacking direction, having a second usable flow cross section different from the first usable flow cross section in order to likewise guide a medium substantially laterally to the stacking direction into or out from the media channels of the unit cells 2 of the two pluralities of unit cells 2 .
  • the kit a total of six second media guides 4 , the second media guides 4 being formed from a second fuel supply 41 , a second fuel drain 42 , a second cathode gas supply 43 —not otherwise shown for sake of clarity—and a second cathode gas drain 44 —likewise not otherwise shown for sake of clarity—as well as a second coolant supply 45 —not otherwise shown for sake of clarity—and a second coolant drain 46 —likewise not otherwise shown for sake of clarity. All of these second media guides 4 are mounted on the two stacked pluralities of unit cells 2 in analogous manner to the first media guides 3 .
  • the ratio of the first usable flow cross section and the second usable flow cross section of the fuel supplies 31 , 41 and/or the fuel drains 32 , 42 may be different from the ratio of the first usable flow cross section and second usable flow cross section of the cathode gas supplies 33 , 43 and/or the cathode gas drains 34 , 44 .
  • a fuel cell stack 1 according to FIGS. 1 to 4 for a fuel cell device can be produced by the following steps:
  • the stackable unit cells 2 of the same design each comprise a pair of parallel arranged receiving slots 9 running in the stacking direction, each receiving slot 9 accommodating a free end of the at least one media guide 3 .
  • the media guides 3 , 4 may be inserted into the receiving slots 9 with a pretension, so that there is a better attachment to the stack of unit cells 2 .
  • the pressure of the medium can bring about a securing of the media guide 3 , 4 , since a force will be acting according to the two arrows shown. For this reason, the media guides 3 , 4 may be elastically resilient.
  • At least one, but in particular both of the receiving slots 9 have at least one latch seat 10 , which can accommodate a latch 11 , arranged at least at one of the free ends, or at both free ends.
  • the latching realized by the latch seats 10 and the latches 11 is formed by a form fit, acting in both the lateral and the stacking direction, so that the position of the media guides 3 , 4 is established thanks to the latching with respect to the stack of unit cells 2 of the same design.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
US17/775,855 2020-03-06 2021-02-11 Kit for a fuel cell stack and method for producing a fuel cell stack Pending US20220416285A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020106091.2A DE102020106091A1 (de) 2020-03-06 2020-03-06 Bausatz für einen Brennstoffzellenstapel und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Brennstoffzellenstapels
DE102020106091.2 2020-03-06
PCT/EP2021/053269 WO2021175553A1 (de) 2020-03-06 2021-02-11 Bausatz für einen brennstoffzellenstapel und verfahren zur herstellung eines brennstoffzellenstapels

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US20220416285A1 true US20220416285A1 (en) 2022-12-29

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US17/775,855 Pending US20220416285A1 (en) 2020-03-06 2021-02-11 Kit for a fuel cell stack and method for producing a fuel cell stack

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US (1) US20220416285A1 (de)
EP (1) EP4073859A1 (de)
JP (1) JP7454064B2 (de)
CN (1) CN115176366A (de)
DE (1) DE102020106091A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2021175553A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020119021B3 (de) * 2020-07-17 2021-07-29 kraftwerk TUBES GmbH Brennstoffzellenstapel, Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung sowie Brennstoffzellen-Fahrzeug

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6039773A (ja) * 1983-08-12 1985-03-01 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 積層形燃料電池
JPS6149382A (ja) * 1984-08-17 1986-03-11 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 燃料電池装置
JPH02226669A (ja) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 燃料電池装置
EP0981175B1 (de) 1998-08-20 2012-05-02 Panasonic Corporation Polymerelektrolyt-Brennstoffzellenstapel
EP1618621A2 (de) * 2003-02-27 2006-01-25 Protonex Technology Corporation Auf membranen basierende elektrochemische zellenstapel mit externem verteiler
DE10315601A1 (de) 2003-04-06 2004-10-21 Proton Motor Fuel Cell Gmbh Brennstoffzelle und Brennstoffzellenstapel mit äußerer Medienzuführung
KR100683786B1 (ko) 2005-06-13 2007-02-20 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 직접액체 연료전지 스택
DE102010011206A1 (de) 2010-03-09 2011-09-15 Kai Klinder Brennstoffzellenstapel und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
TW201136013A (en) 2010-04-02 2011-10-16 Chung Hsin Elec & Mach Mfg Method of obtaining optimal design for a header of fuel cell stack and fuel cell stack with optimal design for a header
DE102014220682A1 (de) 2014-10-13 2016-04-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Medienverteilung in Brennstoffzellenstacks
DE102017210263A1 (de) 2017-06-20 2018-12-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verbesserte Medienverteilung in Brennstoffzellenstacks
DE102018208981B4 (de) 2018-06-07 2020-10-08 Audi Ag Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung

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JP7454064B2 (ja) 2024-03-21
EP4073859A1 (de) 2022-10-19
WO2021175553A1 (de) 2021-09-10
CN115176366A (zh) 2022-10-11
DE102020106091A1 (de) 2021-09-09
JP2023516726A (ja) 2023-04-20

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