US20220339723A1 - Machine tool for machining teeth, method for machining tooth flanks of a workpiece, and method for dressing a tool for machining teeth using a machine tool of this type - Google Patents

Machine tool for machining teeth, method for machining tooth flanks of a workpiece, and method for dressing a tool for machining teeth using a machine tool of this type Download PDF

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Publication number
US20220339723A1
US20220339723A1 US17/760,595 US202017760595A US2022339723A1 US 20220339723 A1 US20220339723 A1 US 20220339723A1 US 202017760595 A US202017760595 A US 202017760595A US 2022339723 A1 US2022339723 A1 US 2022339723A1
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Prior art keywords
tool
workpiece
spindle
dressing
axis
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US17/760,595
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English (en)
Inventor
Michel MÜLLER
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Reishauer AG
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Reishauer AG
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Publication of US20220339723A1 publication Critical patent/US20220339723A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/10—Arrangements for compensating irregularities in drives or indexing mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F1/00—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface
    • B23F1/02—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface by grinding
    • B23F1/023—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface by grinding the tool being a grinding worm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F15/00—Methods or machines for making gear wheels of special kinds not covered by groups B23F7/00 - B23F13/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F19/002—Modifying the theoretical tooth flank form, e.g. crowning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/006—Equipment for synchronising movement of cutting tool and workpiece, the cutting tool and workpiece not being mechanically coupled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
    • B23F5/02—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding
    • B23F5/04—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding the tool being a grinding worm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F9/00—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction
    • B23F9/02—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by grinding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • B23Q1/706—Movable members, e.g. swinging arms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/005—Positioning devices for conditioning tools
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machine tool for the machining of gears, a method for its operation, a computer program for carrying out the method and a computer-readable medium on which the computer program is stored.
  • the machining forces may be relatively small. This can lead to a load change when the radial infeed direction is reversed, which leads to an additional undesirable reversal effect due to the finite stiffness of the components involved.
  • DE 10 2012 016515 A1 discloses a gear shaping machine whose shaping head slide is mounted on a machine stand in an inclined manner. In this way, a displacement in vertical direction causes a simultaneous displacement of the shaping tool in horizontal direction in order to lift the shaping tool from the workpiece during the return stroke. The generation of modifications is not addressed.
  • US 2016/176010 A1 discloses a generating gear grinding machine with two workpiece spindles and one tool spindle.
  • the tool spindle is mounted slidably along a linear guide extending parallel to an inclined axis in the horizontal plane.
  • the workpiece spindles are arranged at the same horizontal distance from the horizontal inclined axis.
  • the tool rotation axis forms an acute angle to the horizontal inclined axis. This prevents collisions between the tool spindle and the workpieces.
  • the generation of modifications is not addressed here either.
  • the machine tool comprises:
  • the axial slide is guided along an axial guide direction which is inclined by an angle of inclination with respect to the workpiece axis.
  • the angle of inclination has a value between 0.1° and 30°, preferably between 0.1° and 15°, especially preferably between 0.1° and 3°. In some embodiments, the angle of inclination has a value between 0.5° and 30°, between 0.5° and 15°, or between 0.5° and 3°.
  • the axial slide carries either the workpiece spindle or the tool spindle. Due to the inclined guidance of the axial slide, the radial distance between the tool axis and the workpiece axis changes when the axial slide moves along the axial guidance direction. This makes it possible to produce gears with flank line modifications without having to reverse the direction of the radial infeed movement during the machining of the gear. This avoids the problems mentioned above, which arise when the direction is reversed. Furthermore, it is possible to produce even the smallest flank line modifications without disturbing friction effects.
  • the machine tool comprises an infeed slide with which the center distance between the tool axis and the workpiece axis can be additionally changed along an infeed direction.
  • This infeed movement can be performed independently of the movement along the axial guide direction. It is superimposed on the change of the center distance due to the inclined guidance of the axial slide. During the machining of the tooth flanks, simultaneous movements of the axial slide and the infeed slide take place accordingly.
  • the infeed direction can be, but does not have to be, perpendicular to the workpiece axis. In the following, it will be referred to as “radial infeed direction”, even if this direction is not necessarily exactly radial to the workpiece axis, i.e. not necessarily exactly perpendicular to the workpiece axis.
  • the radial infeed direction can form an angle with the workpiece axis in the range from 60° to 120°.
  • the axial guide direction preferably runs in a common plane with the workpiece axis and the radial infeed direction.
  • the inclination angle in this plane can be positive or negative, i.e. the axial guide direction can be inclined away from or towards the workpiece axis (as viewed from the machine bed).
  • the tool spindle is arranged directly or indirectly (i.e. via further slides and/or swivel bodies) on the axial slide, i.e. the tool spindle executes movements along the inclined axial guide direction relative to a machine bed of the machine tool.
  • the axial slide forms a tool carrier.
  • the workpiece spindle is mounted directly or indirectly on the axial slide, i.e. that the workpiece spindle executes movements along the inclined axial guide direction relative to the machine bed.
  • the infeed slide can be guided on the machine bed so as to be displaceable along the radial infeed direction and form a tool carrier, and the axial slide can then be arranged on the infeed slide so as to be guided along the axial guide direction.
  • the tool spindle is configured to be swiveled around a swivel axis relative to the axial slide.
  • the machine tool can comprise a swivel body.
  • the swivel body can be arranged on the axial slide. If the tool is a grinding tool, the swivel body is also called a grinding head.
  • the swivel axis preferably runs parallel to the radial infeed direction or perpendicular to the workpiece axis. However, it can also run at an angle to the radial infeed direction that deviates from 0°, wherein this angle preferably has an absolute value between 0° and 30°.
  • the swivel axis can also run at an angle to the workpiece axis that deviates from 90°, wherein this angle is preferably in the range of 60° to 120°.
  • the swivel axis can run perpendicular to the axial guide direction. It is advantageous if the swivel axis lies in a plane that is spanned by the workpiece axis and the axial guide direction.
  • the tool spindle can be moved relative to the axial slide along a shift direction that is parallel to the tool axis.
  • the machine tool can comprise a shift slide.
  • the shift slide can be mounted on the swivel body in such a way that it can be moved relative to the swivel body along the shift direction.
  • the shift direction is preferably perpendicular to the swivel axis around which the tool spindle can be swiveled. In some embodiments it is also perpendicular to the radial infeed direction.
  • the present invention also provides a method for machining tooth flanks of a workpiece with a machine tool of the type indicated above.
  • the method comprises:
  • the machine preferably comprises a control device that is designed to control the machine tool in such a way that it carries out corresponding simultaneous movements between the tool spindle and the workpiece spindle along the inclined axial guide direction and the radial infeed direction.
  • the sign of the axial guide speed does not change during a machining stroke.
  • the sign of the radial infeed speed preferably does not change during a machining stroke. It is advantageous if the radial infeed speed during a machining stroke (and thus during the machining of each individual tooth flank) does not fall below a predetermined threshold value. This prevents negative effects during the radial infeed movement. As a result, flank line modifications can be manufactured with much greater accuracy than in the prior art.
  • the radial infeed speed and the axial guide speed have a ratio that changes over time.
  • these speeds can have such a variable ratio that the radial infeed speed does not change its sign during a machining stroke (and thus during the machining of a tooth flank), while a resulting movement between the tool spindle and the workpiece spindle along the radial infeed direction has a speed that changes its sign during the machining of the tooth flanks (or during a machining stroke).
  • the method can comprise:
  • the method can also comprise:
  • the control device of the machine tool can accordingly comprise at least one of the following transformation devices:
  • the machine tool can be configured for carrying out one of the following processes: continuous generating grinding, discontinuous generating grinding, discontinuous or continuous profile grinding, gear honing, hobbing or hob peeling (gear skiving).
  • continuous generating grinding discontinuous generating grinding
  • discontinuous or continuous profile grinding gear honing, hobbing or hob peeling (gear skiving).
  • an appropriate tool can be clamped on the tool spindle.
  • the control device can be configured to control the machine tool in such a way that it executes the movements of the tool spindle and the workpiece spindle that are typical for the respective process.
  • the machine tool can comprise a dressing device with a dressing tool.
  • the control device can then be configured to dress the tool, in particular a grinding worm, with the dressing tool, generating movements along the inclined axial guide direction during dressing. Dressing thus involves relative movements between the tool and the dressing tool along the inclined axial guide direction while the tool is in engagement with the dressing tool. In this way, similar advantages can be achieved in dressing as in gear machining.
  • control device can be configured to align the tool spindle, using the associated swivel axis, relative to the axial slide in such a way that the tool axis is in or parallel to a plane that is spanned by the axial guide direction and the radial infeed direction.
  • This orientation of the tool spindle is referred to in the following as the dressing orientation.
  • the thus-defined selection of the dressing orientation is particularly advantageous if the tool is a grinding worm.
  • the grinding worm can in this way be readily moved along its longitudinal axis, i.e. along the tool axis, relative to the dressing tool by moving the grinding worm along the inclined axial guide direction in order to dress the grinding worm over its entire width.
  • the axial slide can be used for this purpose. If the tool spindle is mounted on a shift slide, the shift slide can be used alternatively or additionally, depending on the embodiment.
  • the dressing device may include a dressing spindle designed to drive the dressing tool to rotate about a dressing spindle axis.
  • the dressing spindle is preferably configured to be swiveled about at least one swivel axis to bring the dressing tool into engagement with the machining tool when the tool spindle is in the above-mentioned dressing orientation.
  • the dressing device may comprise a corresponding swivel body.
  • the swivel axis of the dressing spindle is preferably transverse to the axial feed direction, in particular at an angle of 60° to 120° to the axial feed direction, and transverse to the workpiece axis, preferably at an angle of 60° to 120° to the workpiece axis, in particular perpendicular to the latter. If the workpiece axis is vertical in space, the swivel axis of the dressing spindle is preferably horizontal.
  • the dressing device can be mounted on a movable tool carrier together with at least one workpiece spindle, or it can be arranged stationary relative to the machine bed.
  • the present invention also provides a computer program.
  • the computer program comprises instructions which cause a control device in a machine tool of the type explained above, in particular one or more processors of the control device, to carry out the process explained above.
  • the computer program may be stored in an appropriate memory device.
  • the invention provides a computer-readable medium on which the computer program is stored.
  • the medium may be a non-volatile medium, for example a flash memory, a CD, a hard disk, etc.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a generating gear grinding machine according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of the generating gear grinding machine in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIGS. 3( a ) and 3( b ) show diagrams illustrating a coordinate transformation during the machining of a cylindrical gear
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of a cylindrical gear having a gearing that is modified by crowning
  • FIGS. 5( a ) and 5( b ) show diagrams illustrating a coordinate transformation when machining a cylindrical gear according to FIG. 4 ;
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of functional units for controlling the axial feed movement
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic side view of a generating gear grinding machine according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic side view of a generating gear grinding machine according to a third embodiment
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic side view of a generating gear grinding machine according to a fourth embodiment.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a generating gear grinding machine 1 according to a first embodiment as an example of a machine tool for the machining of gears.
  • the machine comprises a machine bed 4 on which a tool carrier 5 is guided along a radial infeed direction X by linear guides 6 .
  • the tool carrier 5 carries an axial slide 7 , which is displaceably guided along an axial guide direction Z′ in relation to the tool carrier 5 .
  • a grinding head 9 is mounted on the axial slide 7 , which can be swiveled about a swivel axis A running parallel to the X direction to adapt to the helix angle of the gear to be machined.
  • the grinding head 9 in turn carries a shift carriage on which a tool spindle 11 is arranged to be moved along a shift direction Y.
  • the shift direction Y runs perpendicular to the swivel axis A and therefore also perpendicular to the X direction, but not necessarily perpendicular to the Z′ direction.
  • a finishing tool in the form of a worm-shaped grinding wheel (grinding worm) 12 is clamped on the tool spindle 11 .
  • the grinding worm 12 is driven by tool spindle 11 to rotate about a tool axis B.
  • the tool axis B runs parallel to the Y direction.
  • the machine bed 4 also carries a swiveling workpiece carrier 15 in the form of a turret, which can be swiveled around a vertical axis C 3 between at least two positions.
  • Two identical workpiece spindles 16 , 17 are mounted diametrically opposite each other on the workpiece carrier 15 .
  • the workpiece spindle 16 shown on the left in FIG. 2 is in a machining position in which a workpiece 18 clamped on it can be machined with the grinding worm 12 .
  • this workpiece spindle drives workpiece 18 to rotate about a vertical first workpiece axis C 1 .
  • the other workpiece spindle 17 which is offset by 180°, is in a workpiece change position in which a finished workpiece 19 can be removed from this spindle and a new blank can be clamped.
  • the axis of the workpiece spindle located in this position is referred to as the second workpiece axis C 2 .
  • a dressing device 13 shown only schematically, with a dressing tool 14 is mounted on the turret.
  • the dressing device 13 serves to dress the grinding worm 12 .
  • All driven linear and rotary axes of the gear grinding machine 1 are digitally controlled by a machine control device with operator panel 2 and axis modules 3 .
  • Each axis module 3 provides control signals at its output for one machine axis (i.e. for at least one actuator used to drive the relevant machine axis, such as a servo motor).
  • the workpiece 19 In order to machine an unmachined, pre-toothed workpiece (blank) 19 , the workpiece 19 is clamped by an automatic workpiece changer on the workpiece spindle 17 that is in the workpiece change position. The workpiece is changed during the machining of another workpiece 18 on the other workpiece spindle 16 , which is in the machining position.
  • the workpiece carrier 15 is swiveled by 180° around the C 3 axis so that the spindle with the new workpiece to be machined reaches the machining position.
  • a meshing operation is performed with the aid of a meshing probe, not shown in the drawings, which is arranged on the workpiece carrier 15 .
  • the workpiece spindle 17 is set in rotation and the position of the tooth gaps of the workpiece 19 is measured with the help of the meshing probe. On this basis, the rolling angle is set.
  • the workpiece spindle 17 which carries the workpiece 19 to be machined, has reached the machining position, the workpiece 19 is engaged with the grinding worm 12 by moving the tool carrier 5 along the X axis.
  • the workpiece 19 is now machined by the rotating grinding worm 12 in rolling engagement.
  • the machine executes coordinated movements along the X, Y and Z′ axes. Machining can be performed in one or more axial machining strokes. During each machining stroke, the machine executes a movement along the Z′ axis whose speed does not change its sign.
  • the finished workpiece 18 is removed from the other workpiece spindle 16 , and another blank is clamped on this spindle.
  • a further direction Z is defined.
  • this direction is parallel to the workpiece axis C 1 , i.e. to the axis of rotation of the workpiece that is in the processing position.
  • the machining stroke along the Z′ axis continuously changes the position of the tool relative to the workpiece along the Z direction during the machining of the workpiece in order to machine the gearing across the entire width of the workpiece. This is called axial feed, and the Z direction is therefore also called the axial feed direction.
  • the axial guide direction Z′ i.e. the direction along which the axial slide 7 is guided displaceably, usually coincides with the axial feed direction Z.
  • these directions differ from each other.
  • the Z′ direction runs within a plane that is spanned by the X direction and the Z direction and is inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the Z direction.
  • the absolute value of ⁇ is between 0.1° and 30°, in particular between 0.1° and 30°, preferably between 0.1° and 15°.
  • a relatively small angle may be sufficient, e.g. between 0.1° and 3°, especially between 0.5° and 3°.
  • the symbol II means “is parallel to”, the symbol ⁇ means “is not parallel to”, the symbol ⁇ means “is perpendicular to” and the symbol ⁇ means “is at an angle unequal to 0° and unequal to 90°”.
  • the machine controller normally calculates, for a desired flank shape of the gearing, the corresponding control commands in the coordinate system X, Y, Z.
  • a pure feed movement along the Z direction requires simultaneous movements along the X and Z′ directions.
  • the machine control device is advantageously designed in such a way that it transforms the usual feed commands for movements along the Z direction into transformed control commands for simultaneous movements along the X and Z′ directions.
  • the drives In order for such a motion profile to be generated in the present machine, the drives must be operated simultaneously along the X and Z′ directions. This is illustrated in f FIG. 3( b ) .
  • the axial slide 7 moves continuously along the positive Z′ direction, while the tool carrier 5 moves continuously in the negative X direction (i.e. to the right in FIG. 2 ) to compensate for the inclination of the axial guide direction Z′.
  • the axial slide 7 is moved along the Z′ direction at constant speed from a location z′ 0 to a location z′ 1 , while it is moved along the X direction at constant speed from location x 0 to location x 1 .
  • the corresponding motion profile 31 ′ along the X and Z′ directions is illustrated in FIG. 3( b ) .
  • this movement remains unaffected by the transformation to the X, Y, Z′ coordinate system. Also, e.g. a tilt movement around the A axis, if executed during machining, or a change of the rolling angle to generate additional rotary movements between workpiece and tool remain unaffected.
  • spatial coordinates x, y, z in the coordinate system X, Y, Z can thus be transformed into spatial coordinates x′, y′, z′ in the coordinate system X, Y, Z′ as follows
  • the inverse transformation T ⁇ 1 is to be applied if measurements are made with a measuring system arranged along the X and Z′ directions and on the basis of such measurements the
  • X and Z coordinates of the axial slide 7 are to be determined. This inverse transformation may be necessary to provide the machine control with the measured coordinates in the required form.
  • the coordinates x, y, z in the coordinate system X, Y, Z are to be calculated as follows from the coordinates x′, y, in the coordinate system X, Y, Z′:
  • a modified cylindrical gear 32 that is crowned along its width is shown symbolically in FIG. 4 .
  • the teeth of the cylindrical gear are thicker along the width direction (during machining, this is the Z direction) in the center than at the ends, and the flank lines of the tooth flanks are curved accordingly.
  • the tip diameter is also larger in the center of the gear than at the ends, so that the gear also has a barrel-shaped outer contour.
  • the barrel-shaped outer contour is drawn in an extremely exaggerated way to make the principle easier to explain. In reality, such modifications are usually only in the range of a few micrometers and are not visible to the naked eye.
  • FIG. 5( b ) where the resulting motion profile 33 ′ is illustrated.
  • the tool carrier 5 moves continuously in the negative X direction to compensate for the inclination of the Z direction.
  • This continuous basic movement is superimposed with the movement to generate the modification.
  • the speed of the superimposed movement is, however, always less than the speed of the basic movement, so that the direction is never reversed during the machining of the gearing and a certain minimum speed is never fallen below.
  • FIG. 6 schematically illustrates various functional units used to generate the axial feed movement along the Z direction and the radial infeed movement along the X direction.
  • Position sensors 41 , 42 detect the positions x′, z′ of the axial slide 7 along the X and Z′ directions.
  • a first transformation device 43 transforms these positions in the coordinate system X, Y, Z′ into the positions x and z in the coordinate system X, Y, Z by applying the inverse transformation T ⁇ 1 and transfers these actual values to a control computer 44 of the machine controller.
  • the control computer 44 generates control signals Ax, Az, which correspond to nominal values for the positions of the axial slide 7 in the coordinate system
  • a second transformation device 45 transforms these control signals into transformed control signals Ax′, Az′ in the coordinate system X, Y, Z′ and transfers these transformed control signals to the axis modules 3 of the machine controller.
  • the grinding worm is swiveled around the A axis to such an extent that the shift axis Y and the tool axis B are vertical, i.e. run along the Z direction.
  • the dressing device is also aligned accordingly.
  • FIG. 2 indicates the dressing device 13 , which is only symbolically represented by the dashed line.
  • the dressing device is mounted on the workpiece carrier (turret) 15 . It can be brought into a position in which it is opposite the grinding worm 12 by swiveling the turret through 90°.
  • the dressing device 13 comprises a dressing spindle with a dressing wheel 14 mounted on it and driven to rotate.
  • the dressing spindle is mounted on a swivel body 21 .
  • the swivel body is connected to the workpiece carrier so that it can be swiveled in such a way that the dressing wheel 14 can be aligned in the direction of the worm threads and relative to the grinding worm profile.
  • the corresponding swivel axis runs perpendicular to each workpiece axis C 1 , C 2 and horizontally in space.
  • the corresponding swivel axis runs perpendicular to the drawing plane.
  • the dressing spindle can be swiveled about a further swivel axis which also runs horizontally in space and is perpendicular to the above swivel axis.
  • this additional swivel axis runs horizontally in the drawing plane. This additional swivel axis can be used, for example, to change the profile angle during dressing.
  • the present invention is advantageous when dressing is carried out by means of a gear-shaped dressing wheel mounted on the workpiece spindle.
  • the advantages of the present invention were explained above using the example of the production of crowned cylindrical gears.
  • the invention is not limited to this application, but can also be used advantageously in the production of other gearings or gears.
  • the invention also has advantages in the production of gearings modified in other ways, e.g. conically modified gearings, since the invention can also be used there to avoid disturbing frictional effects.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a generating gear grinding machine according to a second embodiment.
  • This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the A axis is not perpendicular to the Z direction and parallel to the X direction, but perpendicular to the Z′ direction and accordingly at an angle 4 i to the X direction.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable for small tilt angles between 0.1° and 3°.
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a generating gear grinding machine according to a third embodiment.
  • the entire tool carrier 5 including axial slide 7 , shift slide and grinding head 9 is conventionally constructed.
  • the axial guide direction Z′ is perpendicular to the infeed direction X.
  • the workpiece carrier (turret) 15 is inclined relative to the vertical.
  • the workpiece axis C 1 in particular and thus also the axial feed direction Z which by definition runs parallel to the workpiece axis C 1 , is no longer perpendicular to the X direction.
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows a gear grinding machine according to a fourth embodiment.
  • the turret with the axes C 1 and C 3 is positioned vertically in space, and the axial slide 7 is guided relative to the tool carrier 5 along an axial guide direction Z′, which is inclined relative to the workpiece axis C 1 running vertically in space by an angle of inclination ⁇ to the vertical.
  • the entire tool carrier 5 together with the axial slide 7 the shift slide and the grinding head 9 is not guided exactly horizontally on the machine bed 4 , but along a direction that is inclined to the horizontal by an angle of inclination ⁇ .
  • the guidance direction is again referred to as the X direction.
  • the X direction here is therefore not perpendicular to the Z direction, but perpendicular to the Z′ direction.
  • the A axis is horizontal in space and thus perpendicular to the Z direction. Because of the inclined X axis, the A axis is not parallel to the X-direction.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ is positive, i.e. the Z′ axis is inclined towards the positive X direction, away from the workpiece axis C 1 .
  • this angle can also be negative.
  • a negative tilt angle ⁇ can be particularly advantageous if the last finishing stroke is along the negative Z direction (i.e. from top to bottom in FIG. 2 ), because then the tool carrier 5 is moved along the negative X direction to generate the compensation movement, i.e. towards the workpiece. This is advantageous because in this way the radial machining forces counteract the compensation movement, resulting in defined force conditions in the components involved in generating the X movement.
  • the present invention is not limited to a concrete processing method.
  • the advantages of the invention were explained above with reference to continuous generating grinding.
  • the invention also shows its advantages in other gear manufacturing processes, including processes with a geometrically undefined cutting edge and processes with a geometrically defined cutting edge. Examples of such processes are discontinuous generating grinding, discontinuous or continuous profile grinding, gear honing, gear hobbing or hob peeling (gear skiving).
  • the invention can be used for the production of both externally toothed workpieces and internally toothed workpieces.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous in the fine machining (finishing) of pre-toothed workpieces, especially in hard fine machining.
  • the present invention is not limited to a concrete sequence of machine axes. Depending on the type of machine, it may, for example, also be advantageous to arrange the axial slide directly on the machine bed and to arrange the workpiece spindle on a radial slide in order to achieve radial infeed by moving the workpiece spindle.
  • the present invention is also not limited to a situation where the radial infeed direction X is perpendicular to the workpiece axis C 1 .
  • the radial infeed direction X runs at an angle different from 90° to the workpiece axis C 1 .
  • the axial guide direction Z′ is in a common plane with the radial infeed direction X and the workpiece axis C 1 .
  • the at least one workpiece spindle does not need to be arranged on a movable workpiece carrier, but can be located directly on the machine bed.
  • the at least one workpiece spindle is arranged on a movable workpiece carrier, which realizes the radial infeed movement along the X direction.
  • the A axis can be realized on the workpiece side instead of the tool side.
  • the dressing device 13 can be mounted on the machine bed instead of on a movable workpiece carrier.
  • the tool carrier 5 can be configured to be pivoted relative to the machine bed to move the machining tool to the dressing tool, as known from e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,857,894B.
  • the above shows that a very large number of relative arrangements of the involved axes is possible.
  • the invention is not limited to a concrete arrangement.
  • the present invention is not limited to certain types of drives for the various linear guides.
  • the drive can be effected in any manner known in the prior art, e.g. by ball screw drives or linear motors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
US17/760,595 2019-09-16 2020-09-04 Machine tool for machining teeth, method for machining tooth flanks of a workpiece, and method for dressing a tool for machining teeth using a machine tool of this type Pending US20220339723A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH11692019 2019-09-16
CH01169/19 2019-09-16
PCT/EP2020/074836 WO2021052787A1 (de) 2019-09-16 2020-09-04 Werkzeugmaschine zur bearbeitung von verzahnungen, verfahren zur bearbeitung von zahnflanken eines werkstücks, und verfahren zum abrichten eines werkzeugs zur bearbeitung von verzahnungen mit einer derartigen maschine

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EP (1) EP4031313A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2022547970A (zh)
KR (1) KR20220062604A (zh)
CN (1) CN114401808A (zh)
CH (1) CH716649B1 (zh)
MX (1) MX2022003174A (zh)
TW (1) TW202116453A (zh)
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CH452322A (de) * 1965-02-04 1968-05-31 Reishauer Ag Zahnradschleifmaschine
JP3595612B2 (ja) * 1995-10-06 2004-12-02 株式会社 神崎高級工機製作所 内歯歯車加工装置
DE19625370C1 (de) 1996-06-25 1997-04-30 Reishauer Ag Schleifmaschine zum Schleifen von Stirnzahnrädern
DE19857592A1 (de) * 1998-12-14 2000-06-15 Reishauer Ag Maschine zum Bearbeiten von vorverzahnten Werkstücken
CN202052994U (zh) * 2011-01-26 2011-11-30 安徽金寨万山机械制造有限公司 一种用于加工鼓形齿轮的滚齿机
CN102773565B (zh) * 2012-08-02 2016-05-11 北京广宇大成数控机床有限公司 数控成形砂轮磨齿机
DE102012016515B4 (de) 2012-08-20 2016-02-25 Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh Wälzstoßmaschine und zugehörige Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verzahnungen und Profilen
EP3034221A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-22 Klingelnberg AG Schleifmaschine mit einem Schleifwerkzeug zum Wälzschleifen zweier Werkstücke
CH712442A1 (de) * 2016-05-09 2017-11-15 Reishauer Ag Zahnradbearbeitungsmaschine mit Einzentriervorrichtung.
DE102017003648A1 (de) * 2017-04-13 2018-10-18 Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Verzahnbearbeitung eines Werkstücks
CH713798A1 (de) * 2017-05-19 2018-11-30 Reishauer Ag Maschine zur Feinbearbeitung von verzahnten Werkstücken sowie Verfahren zur Vermessung von Kenngrössen eines Feinbearbeitungswerkzeugs.
CN206883280U (zh) * 2017-06-05 2018-01-16 东莞汉为智能技术有限公司 异形曲面高速进给加工机床
DE102018001103A1 (de) * 2018-02-09 2019-08-14 Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen Einrichtung zum Verzahnen von Werkstücken

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CH716649B1 (de) 2021-10-15
CN114401808A (zh) 2022-04-26
CH716649A2 (de) 2021-03-31
JP2022547970A (ja) 2022-11-16
TW202116453A (zh) 2021-05-01
EP4031313A1 (de) 2022-07-27
MX2022003174A (es) 2022-04-06
KR20220062604A (ko) 2022-05-17

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