US2021820A - Production of articles having a multicolor finish - Google Patents

Production of articles having a multicolor finish Download PDF

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Publication number
US2021820A
US2021820A US535548A US53554831A US2021820A US 2021820 A US2021820 A US 2021820A US 535548 A US535548 A US 535548A US 53554831 A US53554831 A US 53554831A US 2021820 A US2021820 A US 2021820A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
particles
enamel
color
article
frit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US535548A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nowak Franz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PORCELAIN ENAMEL AND MANUFACTURING Co OF BALTIMORE
PORCELAIN ENAMEL AND Manufacturing COMPA
Original Assignee
PORCELAIN ENAMEL AND Manufacturing COMPA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE388313D priority Critical patent/BE388313A/xx
Application filed by PORCELAIN ENAMEL AND Manufacturing COMPA filed Critical PORCELAIN ENAMEL AND Manufacturing COMPA
Priority to US535548A priority patent/US2021820A/en
Priority to GB12513/32A priority patent/GB395482A/en
Priority to FR736619D priority patent/FR736619A/fr
Priority to DEP65296D priority patent/DE624803C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2021820A publication Critical patent/US2021820A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
    • C23D5/06—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers producing designs or letters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24893—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24926—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including ceramic, glass, porcelain or quartz layer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the production of fired articles presenting a finish having a multi-colcr effect.
  • the present invention is directed to the production of articles having a multi-color finish by applying to the article base granular particles, and then applying against the sidesA or'the faces of these particles a single color or any num.-
  • the par ticles may be applied to the article base with the aid of a binder of any desired character.
  • the present invention also contemplates the provision of an article having the potential constituents of a multi-color surface, said article f comprising an enamel base having superimposed thereon particles having a multiplicity of facelets, the different facelets of said particles being so colored with different colors to produce o n.
  • coarse or granular particles of enamel frit, crushed glass, naturally occurring minerals, or synthetic products are applied to an article base. Thereafter, there is applied to the facelets of the particles in different directions vcoatings of different colors, the particles being so colored to produce upon fusion and subsequent cooling a substantially smooth surface having a multi-color effect.
  • the coatings of different col.. ors may be applied to the particles so that the article prior to heat treatment adapted to fuse said particles appears, when viewed in one direction, predominantly ⁇ of one color and when viewed in a different direction predominantly of another color. Upon fusion of the particles and their adhering colored coatings a smooth surface is produced having a multi-color effect.
  • a rough dull namel may be applied to the article base, said genamel presenting a rough surface and having a multiplicity of facelets which may be colored and fired as above set forth.
  • the present invention may be carried out using a ground coat of any character.
  • the ar- -fk ticle may be fired between the application of any 5()r facelets of the particles.
  • a base material is cleaned by sand blasting or the usual pickling process, and thereafter there is applied thereto a moist enamel coating.
  • a moist enamel coating In some cases, it is desirable to use a ground coating, and this is first applied and thereafter an enamel coating. While the enamel coating is still Wet, and before it has dried to any substantial degree, coarse particles of enamel frit are dusted on to the moist enamel coating.
  • One method of obtaining such a final finish is to apply a light dusting of an enamel of one color in one direction against the facelets of the frit particles, and thereafter apply in the reverse direction against the reverse facelets of the frit particles an enamel of another color.
  • the intermediate article before firing when viewed from different opposing nal article simply shows a multiple color effect
  • the different colored enamels are applied at a sharp angle to the facelets ofthe frit particles. It is desired 40 to point out that the application of the coloring enamels at a sharp angle is merely the preferred form of carrying out the invention and that the angle may be varied.
  • the application of the different colored enamel coatings to produce the -intermediate article will be clear from the figure, wherein A is the base, B is a ground or preparatory coat, C is a mat or rough enamel coating, and D is a sprayingdevice.
  • the coarse enamel particles are indicated at'E.
  • 4the facelets F of the coarse enamel particles receive a dusting of enamel of one color, for example red.
  • the opposing facelets G oi the 55 vished article.
  • enamel particles receive a coating of one color, for example green.
  • the intervening portion between the particles F receive a slight coating of the color applied, for example red, and that when the sprayer is positioned at D', the intervening portions between the particles F Will receive avery light coating of color, for example green.
  • the intermediate article before firing to produce the final enamel article having a smooth surface is when viewed in one direction predominantly red, and when viewed in the opposing direction predominantly green.
  • the final fused surface has a multiple color effect produced by diffusion of the colors employed. Stated differently, the colors blend one into another to produce a very pleasing effect.
  • enamel frit any material may be used which is fusible at the final fusing temperature necessary to produce the smooth surface.
  • crushed glass may be substituted for the enamel frit.
  • naturally occurring and synthetic products may be used which will fuse at the final fusion temperature used to produce the smooth surface. This includes various minerals having relatively low fusing points.
  • the final finishing coating of enamel be applied to the facelets o1' the frit particles in substantially reverse directions as set forth.
  • the respective coatings of the final enamel may be applied to the frit particles from a number of directions, the only limiting factor being that the nish of the :final article as fused should present a multiple color effect.
  • the different colors are applied from the spraying apparatus at approximately the same angle to the horizontal. However, one of the colors may be applied at a greater or less angle, and this will result in a modification of the changeable color of the intermediate article, and a further modification in the color of the final fused article which, as stated, has a multicolor effect.
  • the amounts of enamel of each color applied may vary, and this will have some influence on the multiple color effect of the lin-
  • the different colors may be so applied to the enamel frit from various directions or from a multiplicity of. directions simultaneously so as to produce the desired changeable color in the intermediate article, and a multiple color effect in the final fused article.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is to apply the different colors in any predetermined fashion upon a granular or roughened surface to produce a predetermined multiple color effect when the surface of the article is'finally fired.
  • the color of the enamel frit used will somewhat affect the final multiple color effect of the article, since the enamel frits andv the different colored sprayed enamels appearing on the faces of the enamel frit all melt at the fusion temperature and somewhat diffuse.
  • sufficient amounts of the different 'colored enamels are sprayed on the facelets of the frit particles .so that the final multiple color effect produced on the fused surface of the article is substantially a multi-tone combination of the enamel colors.
  • the invention in its broad scope contemplates the selection of a particular colored frit enamel which may in combination with the colored enamels sprayed on the surface of the frit particles produce the 5 ultimate multiple color effect.
  • the color of the frit used will have some eect upon the brilliance of the final color. For instance, white frits will produce much more Brilliant colors and hues than dark or black col- 10 cred frits which will tend to reduce the brilliance of the finishing enamel. Therefore, the invention contemplates a control over the brilliance of the finished article by controlling the color of the enamel frit used. Further, instead of 15 spraying the surfaces of the enamel frit with different colors to produce a Imultiple color effect, the surfaces of the frit may be sprayed with an enamel of only one color, the color thereof contrasting with the color of the frit enamel 20 particles so that upon final fusion the two colors Will diffuse to produce a two-tone effect.
  • the color of the white frit has a greater modifying effect upon the particles at this point as they are usually applied thinner.
  • This point of contact in the intermediate article is the apex of the enamel frit particle which as it fuses down causes an intermingling of the colors on its opposite faces.
  • the relation of the intensity of one color to another will depend upon the relative amounts of color applied. It is conceivable however that in a case where there may be a combination of blue, green and yellow that the green might predominate owing to a mixture of the yellow and blue particles which function to strengthen the green color.
  • the cast of the article and the multiple effect of the final fused article may be controlled by controlling the variables involved in the color production.
  • the color of the frit may be varied with the color of the sprayed enamel remaining constant, and this will result in one. multiple color effect.
  • the hue of the color may be changed and the other variables remain constant.
  • different effects may be produced, as will readily occur to those skilled in the art.
  • the frit used may be an enamel frit adapted to fuse at the final finishing and fusing temperature, crushed glass or any naturally occurring mineral or synthetic product adapted to fuse at the nal nishing temperature.
  • a frit of enamel is applied to an underlying enamel coating, it is desired that the latter and the frit shall have. about the same firing temperature.
  • the particles including the enamel frit, whatever their character, should preferably be' sized to remove very coarse particles and the excess of fines. As illustrative of the size of the enamel particles,-
  • the color distribution may be controlled to some extent.
  • the frit particles may be applied to a moist enamel coating and thereafter a multiplicity of colors applied to the facelets of the particles and the article fired.
  • the enamel coating first applied may be red.
  • the frit particles may be mixed with a suitable adherin'g agent such as a solution of gum arabic or sodium silicate, and the mixture applied to the fired surface or the i'lred surface could be sprayed with a suitable adhesive including water and the frit particles thereafter applied. Water has been found to function to cause sufficient adherence of the particles to an underlying medium.
  • the facelets of the frit particles have a multiplicityY of enamel colors applied, as previously set forth, and the final article is thenheated to fuse the frit particles and the enamel coating 'applied on the facelets thereof.
  • above procedure may be used irrespective of whether a ground coating is used.
  • the basic idea of the present invention may also be utilized without the employment of any underlying enamel coating.
  • the metal base is cleaned as usual and there is directly applied upon the base a. mixture of the frit material and gum arabic. Thereafter, the
  • This enamel coating is applied to the facelets of the frit particles and the article heated to a temperature adapted to fuse the surface layer to produce an'article having a multiplicity of color effects.
  • the gum arabic may be sprayed directly on the metal base and the frit therel after applied.
  • the metal base may be supplied with a ground coating and then a mixture of gum arabic and frit particles may be applied or the gum arabic may be first applied and the frit particles and colors thereafter applied. Proceeding as set forth, the article is thereafter red at a temperature adapted to fuse the surface layer.
  • the gum arabic, sodium silil5 e cate, water, oil or grease or any suitable adhesive serves to securely hold the frit particles on the article to which it is applied until on ring the frit particles and their carrying coats of enamel become sufficiently softened to cause the frit particles to attach themselves to the base.
  • a ground coat is applied, of course the gum arabic serves to hold the'frit particles until, on firing, the ground coat is softened suiciently to cause the frit particles to attach themselves thereto.
  • raw colors which are stable at the fusion temperature may be applied to the .facelets and the article brought to such a temperature as to fuse the surface layer to lproduce a multiple color effect.
  • the raw colors areceramic colors, but this is not absolutely necessary, the limiting factor being that the colors must be stable at the fusion temperature.
  • they may be mixed with an adhesive in order to facilitate their adherence to the facelets of the frit particles or the frit particles themselves may be first sprayed with an adhesive. It is obvious that other ex- 75 pedients may be used in order to facilitate the adherence of the raw colors to the facelets of the frit particles.
  • the color which is applied to the facelets of the enamel particles may be in the form of liquid enamel or dry enamel in dust form, liquid raw. colors or dry raw colors.
  • the specific precedure herein set forth which is employed to coat the facelets of the frit particles represents the preferred procedure, it is Within the province of the present invention to employ equivalent methods for coating the facelets of the frit particles.
  • the leg was then placed in a horizontal position and a light green enamel was sprayed on the facelets of the frit particles at an acute angle to the horizontal measured counterclockwise from the horizontal, as shown in the gure. 'I'he stove leg was then reversed in its position and at an almost directly opposite direction a light red enamel was sprayed on the facelets. The stove leg was then put into a drier to drive out all moisture from the enamel, after which the stove leg was placed into a muie furnace at a temperature of 1550 Frfor approximately five minutes, after which it was withdrawn and allowed to cool.
  • a further example of the present invention is as follows: a cast iron stove leg was given a coating of white liquid enamel. While this was still wet, coarse particles of wet cast iron enamel frit were dusted on and this leg placed in a horizontal position and red and green colors were applied in the same manner as in the above example, and when the enamel was dry the leg was fired at a temperature of 1350 F. for approximately fifteen minutes. In this case, the finish was of a much lighter nature than in the earlier illustration, there being an even distribution of red and green color with a brown cast produced by the admixture of these two colors where they may have made Contact.
  • a further example of the present invention isz.
  • a green gloss enamel may be sprayed on the dull enamel at an 25 angle of 30 or less with the face being sprayed.
  • a light dusting of enamel is applied to the Ware.
  • the article is then turned about and from approximately the same angle a dusting of enamel of another color, for ex- 30 ample red, is sprayed thereon.
  • the article is thereafter red at a temperature suicient to fuse the surface layer and thereby produce a multiple color or multiple-tone effect.
  • the enamel will burn to a dull or matt finish in the same time and temperature.
  • Dull enamels may also be obtained by underflring a very hard enamel. For example, an enamel that normally matures at 1600 F. in 21/2 minutes may be fied at 1450 F. for the same time and a matt finish is obtained. Matt finishes may also be obtained by etching the gloss off of ordinary enamel, and the same result may be secured by sand blasting or grinding. Dull or matt finishes may be also produced by adding one of the enamel ingredients in excess in the compounding before smelting. t
  • a zinc enamel frit may be produced by compounding the following ingredients in the proportions specified:
  • the herein described process of producing fired vitreous enameled articles having a multicolor effect comprising adherently applying particles to an article base, said particles being fusible 40 at the temperature at which the article is fired and on coolingforming a vitreous coating, applyl,ing to said particles in different directions coatings of different colors stable at the temperature of firing, and ring' and completely fusing said 45 particles to produce on cooling a surface having a multi-color effect.
  • color effect comprising applying to an article base an intermediate coating, adherently applying particles to said coating, said particles being fusible at the temperature at ⁇ which the article is fired and on cooling forming a vitreous coating, applying to said particles in different directions coatings of different colors stable at the firing temperature, and firing and completely fusing said particles to produce on cooling a fused surface having .a multi-color effect.
  • the herein described process of producing fired vitreous enameled articles comprising applying a ground coat enamel to an article base, applying to said ground coat enamel While it is wet particles of an enamel frit, said particles being fusible at the temperature at which the article is fired and on cooling forming a vitreous coating, applying to said particles in different directions coatings of different colors stable at the firing temperature, and firing and completely fusing said particles to produce on cooling a fused surface having a multi-color effect.
  • the herein described process of producing fired vitreous enameled articles having a multicolor effect comprising applying to an article base an intermediate coating, firing said intermediate coating, adherently applying to said fired coating particles fusible at the nal ring temperature and on cooling forming a vitreous coating, applying to said particles in different directions coatings of different colors stable at the firing temperature, and ring and completely fusing said particles to produce on coolinga fused surface having a multi-color effect.
  • the herein described process of producing fired vitreous enameled articles comprising forming on an article base a rough surface adapted to form a vitreous surface on fusion and cooling, said rough surface being provided with facelets, applying color stable at the ring temperature to said rough surface so that the article aftercoloring when viewed in one direction appears predominantly of one color and when viewed in a different direction the article appears predominantly of'another color, and ring and completely fusing said particles to produce on cooling a. fused surface having a multi-color effect.
  • the herein described process of producing fired vitreous enameled articles having a two tone color effect comprising forming on an article base a roughened surface having present particles of a predetermined color provided With facelets and fusible at the temperature at which the article is fired and forming on cooling a vitreous coating, applying color stable at the firing temperature to said particles contrasting with the predetermined color of said particles, so that the article when viewed in one direction appears predominantly of one color and when viewed in a different direction the 4article appears 10 predominantly of another color, and firing and completely fusing said particles to produce on cooling a fused surface having a multi-color effect.
  • the herein described process of producing fired porcelain enameled articles having a multicolor effect comprising applying to an article base a coating of a vitreous enamel, adherently applying porcelain enamel particles of a predetermined color thereto to form a rough surface, said particles being fusible at the temperature at which the article is red, -applying porcelain enamel to sai-d particles contrasting with the predetermined color of said particles so that when the article after coloring is viewed in one direc- -tion it appears predominantly of one color, and
  • the article When viewed in a different direction the article appears predominantly of another color, and firing and completely fusing said particles to produce on cooling a fused surface having a multicolor effect.
  • the steps which consist in depositing a base coat of vitreous enamel material, depositing thereon small masses of simil-ar material, spraying the deposited surfaces at an angle with a different color, and then firing and completely fusing the deposited mass.
  • the steps which comprise forming on an article base a rough surface having particles present of a predetermined color fusible at the temperature at which the article is fired and forming on cooling a vitreous coating, applying to said particles at an angle color stable at the firing temperature and contrasting with the predetermined color of the particles, and then firing and completely fusing said surface.
  • the steps which comprise applying porcelain enamel particles of a predetermined color to an article base to form Aa rough surface, applying to said porcelain enamel p-articles at an angle color .stable at the firing temperature and contrasting with the predetermined color of the particles, and then firing and completely fusing said surface to produce a vitreous finish having the visual appearance of depth and roughness.
  • the steps which comprise depositing on an article base a cover coat of vitreous enamel material, forming a rough surface on said cover coat by depositing thereon a mixture of particles of vitreous enamel material and a liquid component, applying to said particles at an angle color stable at the firing temperature and contrasting with the predetermined color of the particles, and then firing and completely fusing said surface to a vitreous iinish having the visual appearance of depth and roughness.
  • the steps which comprise depositing on an article base a cover coat of vitreous enamel material, drying said cover coat at least to some degree, forming a rough surface on said cover coat by depositing thereon particles of vitreous enamel material, applying to said particles at an angle color stable at the ring temperature and contrasting with the predetermined color of the particles, and then firing and completely fusing said surface to a nish having the visual appearance of depth and roughness.
  • the steps which comprise depositing on an article base a cover coat of vitreous enamel material, drying said cover coat at least to some degree, depositing thereon a mixture of particles of vitreous enamel material and a liquid component, applying to said particles at an angle color stable at the firing temperature, and contrasting with the predetermined color of the particles, and then firing and completely fusing said surface to produce a nish having the visual appearance of depth and roughness.
  • the steps which comprise -applying a wet coat of vitreous enamel material in pebble form to an uni'lred coat of vitreous enamel material dry at least to some extent, said materials forming on firing at their fusion temperature and subsequent cooling a vitreous coating, applying to the pebble coat of vitreous enamel material atan angle a color coat stable at the temperature of firing so that when the article before ring is viewed in one direc-v tion it appears predominantly of one color and a completely fused surface and cooling said fused masses.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
US535548A 1931-05-06 1931-05-06 Production of articles having a multicolor finish Expired - Lifetime US2021820A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE388313D BE388313A (de) 1931-05-06
US535548A US2021820A (en) 1931-05-06 1931-05-06 Production of articles having a multicolor finish
GB12513/32A GB395482A (en) 1931-05-06 1932-04-30 A process of producing enamelled articles having a multicoloured appearance and product thereof
FR736619D FR736619A (fr) 1931-05-06 1932-05-04 Procédé de fabrication d'articles présentant un fini d'aspect multicolore
DEP65296D DE624803C (de) 1931-05-06 1932-05-07 Verfahren zur Herstellung vielfarbiger gebrannter Emailwaren

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US535548A US2021820A (en) 1931-05-06 1931-05-06 Production of articles having a multicolor finish

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Publication Number Publication Date
US2021820A true US2021820A (en) 1935-11-19

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US535548A Expired - Lifetime US2021820A (en) 1931-05-06 1931-05-06 Production of articles having a multicolor finish

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US (1) US2021820A (de)
BE (1) BE388313A (de)
DE (1) DE624803C (de)
FR (1) FR736619A (de)
GB (1) GB395482A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2602758A (en) * 1950-03-22 1952-07-08 Armco Steel Corp Single fire enameling process and article
US2987416A (en) * 1956-07-23 1961-06-06 Wessel Hubertus Method and apparatus for forming ceramic surface layers
EP2620421A3 (de) * 2012-01-24 2015-04-01 Vidres S.A. Beschichtung für keramische Körper
IT202000002725A1 (it) * 2020-02-12 2021-08-12 D M C Srl Metodo di smaltatura opaca di oggetti metallici e prodotto così ottenuto

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5354596A (en) * 1990-12-10 1994-10-11 Nancy Chew Decorative coverings and production methods therefore

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2602758A (en) * 1950-03-22 1952-07-08 Armco Steel Corp Single fire enameling process and article
US2987416A (en) * 1956-07-23 1961-06-06 Wessel Hubertus Method and apparatus for forming ceramic surface layers
EP2620421A3 (de) * 2012-01-24 2015-04-01 Vidres S.A. Beschichtung für keramische Körper
IT202000002725A1 (it) * 2020-02-12 2021-08-12 D M C Srl Metodo di smaltatura opaca di oggetti metallici e prodotto così ottenuto

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB395482A (en) 1933-07-20
FR736619A (fr) 1932-11-25
DE624803C (de) 1936-01-29
BE388313A (de)

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