US20210147312A1 - Composition for single-base propelling powder for ammunition and ammunition provided with such composition - Google Patents
Composition for single-base propelling powder for ammunition and ammunition provided with such composition Download PDFInfo
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- US20210147312A1 US20210147312A1 US16/626,067 US201716626067A US2021147312A1 US 20210147312 A1 US20210147312 A1 US 20210147312A1 US 201716626067 A US201716626067 A US 201716626067A US 2021147312 A1 US2021147312 A1 US 2021147312A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- nitrocellulose
- weight
- ammunition
- propelling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical group CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N centralite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CC)C(=O)N(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004005 nitrosamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 55
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- RHTVQEPJVKUMPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 RHTVQEPJVKUMPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TXJIDOLTOGSNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitro-n-(4-nitrophenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O TXJIDOLTOGSNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XGALRTMNECNNFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)NC1=CC=CC=C1.C(C=1C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC1)(=O)O Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)NC1=CC=CC=C1.C(C=1C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC1)(=O)O XGALRTMNECNNFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RENCFAVKFWOLJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitro-n-(2-nitrophenyl)aniline Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O RENCFAVKFWOLJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTWHRQTUBOTQTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitro-n-(4-nitrophenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 MTWHRQTUBOTQTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- HDKIMHWOSSQGFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-nitrophenyl)-n-phenylnitrous amide Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1N(N=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HDKIMHWOSSQGFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMFJAHHVKNCGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Nitrosodimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)N=O UMFJAHHVKNCGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitramide Chemical compound N[N+]([O-])=O SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XKAFKUGMXFMRCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diphenylurea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 XKAFKUGMXFMRCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEHVDNNLFDJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylurea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 GWEHVDNNLFDJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUKISNQKOIKZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrodiphenylamine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 RUKISNQKOIKZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMFYAZJNDOZIFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,1-diphenylurea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 IMFYAZJNDOZIFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXYMSQQCBUKFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitro-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XXYMSQQCBUKFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBUCNCOMADRQHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Nitrosodiphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(N=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UBUCNCOMADRQHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBNQDOYYEUMPFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-nitrosodiethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)N=O WBNQDOYYEUMPFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYOUTZBUOQBAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-2,4-dinitroaniline Chemical compound CCNC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O YYOUTZBUOQBAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQIKVOWCSGXCCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-2-nitroaniline Chemical compound CCNC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O CQIKVOWCSGXCCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBNNLAWQCMDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-4-nitroaniline Chemical compound CCNC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XBNNLAWQCMDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBWNRAWQTOBKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-(4-nitrophenyl)nitrous amide Chemical compound CCN(N=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 SBWNRAWQTOBKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXRXVZXYLBWKRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-phenylnitrous amide Chemical compound CCN(N=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXRXVZXYLBWKRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/18—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
- C06B25/20—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition with a non-explosive or a non-explosive or a non-thermic component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
- C06B45/105—The resin being a polymer bearing energetic groups or containing a soluble organic explosive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/16—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile characterised by composition or physical dimensions or form of propellant charge, with or without projectile, or powder
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition for single-base propelling powder for ammunition and an ammunition provided with such composition for propelling powder.
- composition for propelling powder according to the invention may be used in artillery ammunition, particularly in ammunition with a caliber comprised between 40 mm and 155 mm.
- an ammunition both civil and military, consists of the assembly of a projectile and a propelling charge.
- the propelling charge consists of a so-called propelling powder and an ignition system.
- the main element of the propelling charge is the propelling powder.
- Propelling powders are classified according to the number of active components that constitute them, that is, in other words, the number of explosive bases. “Active component” or “explosive base” is intended to mean a compound capable of developing propulsion energy.
- nitrocellulose with high nitrogen content (known as gun cotton) and nitrocellulose with a medium nitrogen content (known as collodion cotton), typically obtained from cotton flakes or from other plant forms, i.e. so-called arboreal nitrocellulose, are used in the production of propelling powders.
- gun cotton nitrocellulose with high nitrogen content
- collodion cotton typically obtained from cotton flakes or from other plant forms, i.e. so-called arboreal nitrocellulose
- compositions of propelling powders in addition to the active components, other components are present with a specific function, listed below: —plasticizers, which enable the workability of the nitrocellulose; —stabilizers, adapted to ensure the safety and stability over time of the propelling powder.
- flash-reducer components may also be included directly in the propelling powder, so as to reduce the so-called muzzle flash at the mouth of the barrel of the weapon system.
- the plasticizers used in single-base propelling powders are constituted by inert materials, while in the other families, the nitroester, in addition to acting as an active component, also acts as a nitrocellulose plasticizer.
- plasticizers used in single-base propelling powders are dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
- DNT Dinitrotoluene
- ECHA European Chemicals Agency
- dibutyl phthalate has been subjected to examinations and has been classified as harmful to fertility and the fetus (Commission Regulation (Eu) No. 143/2011 and the related Corrigenda). In this case, however, the date established for the end of its use, or Feb. 21, 2015, has been postponed to Feb. 21, 2027. The derogation is temporary and valid until the replacement/elimination of the DBP.
- compositions of single-base propelling powder for ammunition that are devoid of dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and that at the same time guarantee workability and performance similar to those of propelling powders containing these two substances are not known.
- “Workability” is intended to mean both the capacity of the composition to be subject to a gelatinization process by which the nitrocellulose mass coagulates into a gelatinous state (gel) without separation of liquid, and the capacity of the materials used to mix themselves homogeneously and with stability over time. The performance is, however, tied to the energy of the final composition, represented, for the propelling powders, by the calorific value.
- a grain of propelling powder is defined by typical dimensions (variable from case to case): the number of longitudinal through holes, the diameter of the holes, the outer diameter, and the length. It is essential for proper ballistic behavior that the holes are symmetrical and reproducible.
- the obtainment of propelling powder grains having a well-defined geometry is directly related to the workability of the composition. This confirms the importance of the workability of a propelling powder composition.
- the object of the present invention is to eliminate in whole or in part the drawbacks of the aforementioned prior art by providing a composition for single-base propelling powder for ammunition which is devoid of dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and which at the same time ensures workability and performance comparable to conventional single-base propelling powders containing these two substances.
- DNT dinitrotoluene
- DBP dibutyl phthalate
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a composition for a single-base propelling powder for ammunition which is devoid of dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and which may be made with production costs comparable to conventional single-base propelling powders containing these two substances.
- DNT dinitrotoluene
- DBP dibutyl phthalate
- the present invention relates to a composition for single-base propelling powder for ammunition and an ammunition provided with such composition for propelling powder.
- composition for propelling powder according to the invention may be used in artillery ammunition, particularly in ammunition with a caliber comprised between 40 mm and 155 mm.
- the composition for single-base propelling powder consists of:
- composition for propelling powder may optionally also contain traces of one or more solvents and water.
- the aforementioned inert plasticizing component is constituted by dibutyl sebacate (DBS).
- DBS dibutyl sebacate
- Dibutyl sebacate is present in the composition with a content comprised between 1% and 10% by weight based on the total amount by weight of nitrocellulose, nitrocellulose stabilizing component, inert plasticizer component and, if present, flash-reducer component.
- the percentages (%) by weight of the single components refer to the dry part of the composition, with ‘dry part’ meaning the composition's total components excluded any solvents and water.
- the content of any solvents and water is counted “out of a hundred”, i.e. as the number of parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total of all other components (dry part of the composition).
- “workability” is intended to mean both the ability of the composition to be subject to a gelatinization process, whereby the nitrocellulose mass coagulates into a gelatinous state (gel) without separation of liquid and the capacity of the materials used to mix themselves homogeneously and with stability over time.
- the material thus obtained may be drawn/extruded and subsequently subjected to a cutting process in order to give it a well-defined shape.
- the obtainment of propelling powder grains having a well-defined geometry is directly related to the workability of the composition.
- a grain of propelling powder is defined by typical dimensions (variable from case to case): the number of longitudinal through holes, the diameter of the holes, the outer diameter, the length. It is essential for proper ballistic behavior that the holes are symmetrical and reproducible. This can only be achieved if the propelling powder composition is workable in the sense specified above.
- the performance is tied to the energy of the final composition, represented, for the propelling powders, by the calorific value.
- the content by weight of dibutyl sebacate in the composition of propelling powder according to the present invention is not higher than the content by weight of dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) present in conventional single-base propelling powders.
- DNT dinitrotoluene
- DBP dibutyl phthalate
- dibutyl sebacate is neither classified as a carcinogenic compound nor as a compound that is harmful to fertility and the fetus.
- dibutyl sebacate is thus a compound particularly suitable for the complete replacement of dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as an inert plasticizer in single-base propelling powders.
- DNT dinitrotoluene
- DBP dibutyl phthalate
- the dibutyl sebacate is present in the composition with a content comprised between 2% and 7% by weight. Even more preferably, the dibutyl sebacate is present in the composition with a weight content between 3% and 5%.
- the different percentages of plasticizer affect the plasticity of the mixture during extrusion. It has been found that the preferred ranges indicated above allow to obtain more easily a correct extrusion of the composition and the subsequent size of the extrusion in grains of propelling powder, without causing deformation phenomena of the extrusion neither at the output of the extruder, nor after the cutting phase.
- the composition for propelling powder according to the invention is single base, wherein the explosive base (or single active component) is constituted by nitrocellulose.
- nitrocellulose is selected from among nitrocelluloses with high nitrogen content (known as gun cotton) and nitrocelluloses with a medium nitrogen content (known as collodion cotton), typically obtained from cotton flakes or from other plant forms, i.e., so-called arboreal nitrocellulose.
- gun cotton nitrocelluloses with high nitrogen content
- collodion cotton typically obtained from cotton flakes or from other plant forms, i.e., so-called arboreal nitrocellulose.
- nitrocellulose is present with a content by weight comprised between 82.5% and 98%. Even more preferably, nitrocellulose is present with a content by weight comprised between 89% and 94.5%.
- the energy, i.e. the calorific value, of the propelling powder is directly linked to nitrocellulose content, in addition to the nitrogen content thereof.
- the composition includes at least one nitrocellulose stabilizing component.
- the aforementioned nitrocellulose stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of nitramines, nitrosamines, ureas, derivatives of such compounds or mixtures thereof.
- the aforementioned nitrocellulose stabilizer may be selected from diphenylamine and n-nitrosodiphenylamine, while from their derivatives it may be selected from 2-nitrodiphenylamine, 4-nitrodiphenylamine, N-nitroso-2-nitrodiphenylamine, N-nitroso-4-nitrodiphenylamine, 2,2′-dinitrodiphenylamine, 2,4-dinitrodiphenylamine, 2,4′-dinitrodiphenylamine, 4,4′-dinitrodiphenylamine, N-nitroso-2,4′-dinitrodiphenylamine, N-nitroso-4,4′-dinitrodiphenylamine, N-nitroso-2-nitrodiphenylamine, 2,2′-dinitrodiphenylamine, 2,4-dinitrodiphenylamine, 2,4′-dinitrodiphenylamine, N-nitroso-4-nitrodiphenylamine, 2,4-
- the aforementioned nitrocellulose stabilizer may be selected from dimethylnitrosamine and n,n-diethylnitrosamine,
- the aforementioned nitrocellulose stabilizer may be selected from ethyl-centralite (1,3-diethyl-1,3-diphenylurea) and acardite (Type I: 1,1-diphenylurea; Type II: 1-methyl-3,3-diphenylurea), while among their derivatives it may selected from 2-nitroethylcentralite, 4-nitroethylcentralite, 2,2′-dinitroethylcentralite, 2,4-dinitroethylcentralite, 2,4′-dinitroethylcentralite, 4,4′-dinitroethylcentralite, N-nitroso-N-ethylaniline, 2-nitro-N-ethylaniline, 4-nitro-N-ethylaniline, 4-nitro-N-nitroso-N-ethylaniline, 2,4-dinitro-N-ethylaniline.
- the aforementioned at least one stabilizing component of nitrocellulose is constituted by ethyl centralite (1,3-diethyl-1,3-diphenylurea).
- the composition includes a single nitrocellulose stabilizing component, constituted by ethyl centralite (1,3-diethyl-1,3-diphenylurea).
- ethyl centralite (1,3-diethyl-1,3-diphenylurea/EC) in addition to the stabilizing effect, also provides a plasticizing effect, actively contributing to the workability of the final mixture.
- DBS dibutyl sebacate
- said nitrocellulose stabilizing component is present with a content comprised between 1% and 5% by weight. Even more preferably, said stabilizing component is present with a content between 2.5% and 3.5% by weight. In the above weight percentages, it is possible to incorporate the stabilizer into the final composition in the proper amount so as to guarantee the desired stability of the final product over time.
- the composition may optionally include at least one flash-reducer component.
- the aforementioned at least one flash-reducer component is present with a content by weight comprised between 0.5% and 2.5%.
- the aforementioned at least one flash-reducer component is composed of potassium sulfate (K2SO 4 ).
- the composition for single-base propelling powder has the following formulation:
- the composition for single-base propelling powder has the following formulation:
- the composition for propelling powder may optionally also contain traces of one or more solvents and water.
- the content of any solvents and water is calculated as content in addition to the dry part of the composition, in terms of the number of parts solvent per 100 parts of the total of other components of the composition.
- the total content of solvents (including water) may reach up to 1.5 parts by weight per 100 parts of the dry part of the composition (nitrocellulose, plasticizer, stabilizer and, if present, flash-reducer).
- compositions of propelling powders have been produced for different types of ammunition.
- compositions of single-base propelling powder produced according to the invention are shown below for four different artillery ammunitions of which the caliber is reported.
- composition For some examples of composition, a comparative example of a conventional composition of single-base propelling powder used for the same ammunition is provided.
- a first example (example 1) relates to a composition of single-base propelling powder for 40 mm L70 caliber ammunition. Composition values are provided in Table 1.
- the following table 2 shows the data relating to a conventional composition of single-base propelling powder used for the same ammunition.
- composition of propelling powder according to the invention was produced using the same production line and the same production parameters as the conventional one (M1) without any alteration of the finished product.
- the composition according to the invention thus has a workability similar to the conventional one.
- the calorific value of the composition according to the invention was found to be in line with the reference (M1), as well as the ballistic characteristics, in particular the velocity at the mouth and the pressure developed in the weapon by the ammunition of which the propulsion system provides for the use of the new propelling powder.
- composition of the propelling powder according to the invention has been subjected to chemical-physical and ballistic characterization with complete success. This has confirmed that the composition of the propelling powder according to the invention ensures performance similar to the conventional one.
- a second example (example 2) relates to a composition of single-base propelling powder for 155 mm caliber ammunition, in particular for bottom propelling charges. Composition values are provided in Table 3.
- composition of the propelling powder according to the invention was subjected to chemical-physical and ballistic characterization with complete success. This has confirmed that the composition according to the invention has adequate workability and ensures adequate performance.
- a third example (example 3) relates to a composition of single-base propelling powder for 100 mm caliber ammunition. Composition values are provided in Table 4.
- composition of the propelling powder according to the invention has been subjected to chemical-physical and ballistic characterization with complete success. This has confirmed that the composition according to the invention has adequate workability and ensures adequate performance.
- a fourth example (example 4) relates to a composition of single-base propelling powder for 76 mm L62 caliber ammunition. Composition values are provided in Table 5.
- the following table 6 shows the data relating to a conventional composition of single-base propelling powder used for the same ammunition.
- composition of propelling powder according to the invention was produced using the same production line and the same production parameters as the conventional (M6) one without any alteration to the finished product.
- the composition according to the invention thus has a workability similar to the conventional one.
- the calorific value of the composition according to the invention, as well as the ballistic characteristics, was found to be in line with the reference (M6) in particular the velocity at the mouth and the pressure developed in the weapon by the ammunition, the propulsion system of which provides for the use of propelling powder according to the invention.
- composition of the propelling powder according to the invention has been subjected to chemical-physical and ballistic characterization with complete success. This has confirmed that the composition of the propelling powder according to the invention ensures similar performance to the conventional one.
- a fifth example (example 5) relates to a composition of single-base propelling powder for 155 mm caliber ammunition, produced according to the invention.
- the composition is devoid of a flash-reducer component.
- Composition values are provided in Table 7.
- the following table 8 shows the data for a conventional composition of single-base propelling powder used for the same ammunition.
- composition of propelling powder according to the invention was produced using the same production line and the same production parameters as the conventional one without any alteration of the finished product.
- the composition according to the invention thus has a workability similar to the conventional one.
- the calorific value of the composition according to the invention, as well as the ballistic characteristics, was found to be in line with the reference, in particular the velocity at the mouth and the pressure developed in the weapon by the ammunition, the propulsion system of which provides for the use of the new propelling powder.
- composition of the propelling powder according to the invention was subjected to chemical-physical and ballistic characterization with complete success. This has confirmed that the composition of the propelling powder according to the invention ensures similar performance to the conventional one.
- composition of single-base propelling powder for ammunition according to the invention is obtainable by the same production processes used to produce conventional compositions of single-base propelling powder.
- propelling powders were produced according to the following production scheme (which should be understood as a purely non-limiting example):
- NC nitrocellulose
- the NC in order to be transported, the NC has a water content of approximately 30%.
- the solvents capable of gelatinizing the NC must be present.
- the gelatinization of NC takes place using ethyl ether and ethanol, in the ratio 65/35.
- Gelatinization is a process through which a partial solubilization of the nitrocellulose occurs, through which a macromolecular superstructure is generated that, when the evaporation is completed, leads to the final structure of the grain of the propelling powder.
- step 1 The mixing of the nitrocellulose with the other components of the composition (step 1) was carried out in the presence of solvents (in particular water, alcohol and ether) so as to allow the gelatinization of the component mixture and consequently allow its workability.
- solvents in particular water, alcohol and ether
- the extrusion step occurs using certain molds according to the application, i.e., the type of ammunition to which the propelling powder is destined.
- the die speed is able to influence the final structure of the grain of powder.
- the cutting speed must be correctly adjusted to obtain grains of powder with the desired length.
- the design of the mold for the die is very important, it must take into account the correct feeding, the stresses transmitted to the mold, and the shrinkage of the propelling powder after drying.
- the action of the plasticizer (DBS) is decisive, which makes it possible to extrude through the die bushings the propelling mixture, so that the final grain maintains the geometric characteristics established in the design phase, to which is associated the ballistic performance in subsequent use.
- the homogenization stage (stage 6)
- Stages 4 and 5 relate to the reduction in the finished product of the content of all volatile substances used during the various stages of production. This has a dual object: to preserve the ballistic features of the final product and to make the product safer after the packaging phase.
- the composition of the propelling powder according to the invention may contain traces of solvents and water used in the production process.
- the total content of solvents i.e. solvents and water used in the production process, is such that it does not disturb chemical and performance stability over time.
- the total content of solvents (including water) may reach up to 1.5 parts by weight per 100 parts of the totality of the other components of the composition (nitrocellulose, plasticizer, stabilizer and, if present, flash-reducer).
- the homogenization stage (stage 6) allows a batch of powder starting from a production batch. At this stage, the powder grains are mixed to ensure the homogeneity of the powder batch and are packed in suitable containers.
- composition of the propelling powder according to the invention is in the form of extruded grains having a prevalent longitudinal direction of development.
- such grains are provided with a plurality of longitudinal through holes.
- An object of the present invention is also an ammunition characterized by the fact that it is provided with a propelling powder having a composition according to the present invention and in particular as described previously.
- the aforementioned ammunition has a caliber between 40 mm and 155 mm.
- the ammunition has a caliber of 40 mm, 76 mm, 100 mm or 155 mm.
- the invention provides many advantages already described in part.
- composition for a single-base propelling powder for ammunition according to the invention is devoid of dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and at the same time ensures workability and performance similar to conventional single-base propelling powders containing these two substances.
- DNT dinitrotoluene
- DBP dibutyl phthalate
- composition for single-base propelling powder for ammunition is devoid of dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and may be achieved by processes similar to those used to obtain conventional single-base propelling powders. Production costs are therefore comparable to conventional single-base propelling powders containing dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
- DNT dinitrotoluene
- DBP dibutyl phthalate
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Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IT2017/000130 WO2018235112A1 (fr) | 2017-06-23 | 2017-06-23 | Composition destinée à une poudre propulsive à base unique destinée à une munition et munition comprenant une telle composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20210147312A1 true US20210147312A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16/626,067 Pending US20210147312A1 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2017-06-23 | Composition for single-base propelling powder for ammunition and ammunition provided with such composition |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20210147312A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3642175B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP6998625B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR102614737B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN110914224B (fr) |
| AR (1) | AR112318A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2017420106B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3067676A1 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK3642175T3 (fr) |
| EA (1) | EA201992796A1 (fr) |
| FI (1) | FI3642175T3 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL271670A (fr) |
| LT (1) | LT3642175T (fr) |
| PE (1) | PE20200683A1 (fr) |
| SA (1) | SA519410871B1 (fr) |
| SG (1) | SG11201912462YA (fr) |
| TW (1) | TWI772444B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018235112A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113307708A (zh) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-08-27 | 张宏善 | 一种单基粉的制备方法及通过该方法获得的单基粉 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3711343A (en) * | 1971-08-20 | 1973-01-16 | Us Army | Cellular nitrocellulose based composition and method of making |
| US3785888A (en) * | 1964-11-06 | 1974-01-15 | Atlantic Res Corp | Nitrocellulose gas-generating composition containing a polyethylene glycol |
| JP2010076950A (ja) * | 2008-09-24 | 2010-04-08 | Nof Corp | シングルベース発射薬 |
| US20160244382A1 (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2016-08-25 | Thales Australia Limited | Burn rate modifier |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3073731A (en) * | 1956-03-29 | 1963-01-15 | Cohen Joseph | Plasticizing agents for nitrocellulose |
| US3808061A (en) * | 1964-05-22 | 1974-04-30 | Us Army | Nitrocellulose solid propellant composition with load additive to reduce radar attenuation |
| CH515197A (de) * | 1968-08-16 | 1971-11-15 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Treibladungspulvern mit verbesserter Leistung und mechanischer Stabilität |
| BE757442A (fr) * | 1969-10-14 | 1971-03-16 | France Etat | Procede de traitement des vieilles poudres de guerre, en vue derecuperer la nitrocellulose |
| EP1077910A2 (fr) | 1998-04-14 | 2001-02-28 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Propergol simple base depourvu de dinitrotoluene (dnt) |
| KR100614210B1 (ko) * | 1998-10-22 | 2006-08-18 | 니폰 가야꾸 가부시끼가이샤 | 불꽃놀이용 꽃불 조성물 및 그 제조 방법 |
| US7862668B1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2011-01-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Single-base propellant composition using BuNena as energetic plasticizer |
| EP1857429B1 (fr) * | 2006-05-19 | 2013-03-27 | Nitrochemie Wimmis AG | Propulseur pour l'accélération de projectiles |
| KR101649517B1 (ko) | 2016-02-17 | 2016-08-19 | 국방과학연구소 | 니트라민 산화제를 포함하는 추진제 조성물 |
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2017
- 2017-06-23 SG SG11201912462YA patent/SG11201912462YA/en unknown
- 2017-06-23 LT LTEPPCT/IT2017/000130T patent/LT3642175T/lt unknown
- 2017-06-23 EA EA201992796A patent/EA201992796A1/ru unknown
- 2017-06-23 CN CN201780092434.0A patent/CN110914224B/zh active Active
- 2017-06-23 AU AU2017420106A patent/AU2017420106B2/en active Active
- 2017-06-23 PE PE2019002631A patent/PE20200683A1/es unknown
- 2017-06-23 DK DK17791467.8T patent/DK3642175T3/da active
- 2017-06-23 US US16/626,067 patent/US20210147312A1/en active Pending
- 2017-06-23 WO PCT/IT2017/000130 patent/WO2018235112A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2017-06-23 KR KR1020207001611A patent/KR102614737B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2017-06-23 CA CA3067676A patent/CA3067676A1/fr active Pending
- 2017-06-23 JP JP2020520860A patent/JP6998625B2/ja active Active
- 2017-06-23 FI FIEP17791467.8T patent/FI3642175T3/fi active
- 2017-06-23 EP EP17791467.8A patent/EP3642175B1/fr active Active
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2018
- 2018-06-22 AR ARP180101744 patent/AR112318A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2018-06-22 TW TW107121400A patent/TWI772444B/zh active
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2019
- 2019-12-22 SA SA519410871A patent/SA519410871B1/ar unknown
- 2019-12-23 IL IL271670A patent/IL271670A/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3785888A (en) * | 1964-11-06 | 1974-01-15 | Atlantic Res Corp | Nitrocellulose gas-generating composition containing a polyethylene glycol |
| US3711343A (en) * | 1971-08-20 | 1973-01-16 | Us Army | Cellular nitrocellulose based composition and method of making |
| JP2010076950A (ja) * | 2008-09-24 | 2010-04-08 | Nof Corp | シングルベース発射薬 |
| US20160244382A1 (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2016-08-25 | Thales Australia Limited | Burn rate modifier |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113307708A (zh) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-08-27 | 张宏善 | 一种单基粉的制备方法及通过该方法获得的单基粉 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201904918A (zh) | 2019-02-01 |
| CN110914224A (zh) | 2020-03-24 |
| SA519410871B1 (ar) | 2023-01-15 |
| LT3642175T (lt) | 2024-06-25 |
| JP6998625B2 (ja) | 2022-01-18 |
| KR20200051574A (ko) | 2020-05-13 |
| KR102614737B1 (ko) | 2023-12-15 |
| IL271670A (en) | 2020-02-27 |
| DK3642175T3 (da) | 2024-06-03 |
| CA3067676A1 (fr) | 2018-12-27 |
| AU2017420106A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
| EP3642175B1 (fr) | 2024-03-06 |
| AU2017420106B2 (en) | 2022-08-04 |
| PE20200683A1 (es) | 2020-06-11 |
| TWI772444B (zh) | 2022-08-01 |
| CN110914224B (zh) | 2023-01-10 |
| WO2018235112A1 (fr) | 2018-12-27 |
| SG11201912462YA (en) | 2020-01-30 |
| JP2020530894A (ja) | 2020-10-29 |
| AR112318A1 (es) | 2019-10-16 |
| EP3642175A1 (fr) | 2020-04-29 |
| FI3642175T3 (fi) | 2024-06-04 |
| EA201992796A1 (ru) | 2020-04-21 |
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