Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
  • C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
  • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
  • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
  • C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a fuel composition intended for vehicles including a spark ignition engine (also known as gasoline engine), which has enhanced performance levels both in terms of engine power and energy savings.
• a spark ignition engine also known as gasoline engine
• the invention further relates to the use of such a composition in a spark ignition engine for increasing the power and/or reducing the specific fuel consumption.
• Gasoline type fuels capable of being used in spark ignition engines, in particular those of motor vehicles, must have sufficiently high octane numbers to avoid knocking phenomena.
• the octane number measures the resistance to self-ignition of a fuel used in a spark ignition engine.
• gasoline fuels marketed in Europe, compliant with standard EN 228, have a motor octane number (MON) greater than 85 and a research octane number (RON) of at least 95. These fuels are suited to the vast majority of motor vehicle engines.
• a high volume compression ratio is particularly sought after.
• fuel compositions having so-called “fuel economy” properties are being increasingly sought after, i.e. fuels allowing the specific fuel consumption of the engine to be reduced, in order to procure energy savings and reduce CO2 emissions.
• FE fuel economy
• One purpose of the present invention is thus to enhance the performance levels of gasoline fuel compositions, in particular of fuel compositions intended for motor racing vehicles, however without being limited thereto.
• the purpose is to increase the power of the spark ignition engine, whether it is of the naturally-aspirated or turbocharged type, during the combustion of the gasoline fuel composition in the engine.
• additives improving the octane number are typically added to the fuel compositions.
• Organometallic compounds in particular comprising iron, lead or manganese are well-known octane boosters.
• Tetraethyl lead has been extensively used in this manner as a highly effective octane booster.
• TEL and other organometallic compounds can now only be used in fuels in very small amounts, if at all, since they can be toxic, cause damage to the engine and are harmful for the environment.
• Non-metal-based octane boosters comprise oxygenated compounds (for example ethers and alcohols) and aromatic amines.
• oxygenated compounds for example ethers and alcohols
• aromatic amines also suffer from various drawbacks.
• NMA N-methylaniline
• an aromatic amine must be used at a relatively high treat rate (1.5 to 2% by weight of additive/weight of base fuel) to have a significant effect on the octane number of the fuel.
• NMA can also be toxic.
• Oxygenates give a reduction in energy density in the fuel and, as with NMA, they have to be added at high treat rates, potentially causing compatibility problems with fuel storage, fuel lines, seals and other engine components.
• U.S. Pat. No. 4,812,146 describes unleaded gasoline fuel compositions for motor racing engines that comprise at least four components chosen from among butane, isopentane, le toluene, MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) and an alkylate.
• fuel compositions having good intrinsic properties are sought after, i.e. fuel compositions that do not require the addition of octane boosters such as those described hereinabove.
• U.S. patent No. US 2015/0259619 describes a fuel composition having a high octane number, in particular intended for aircraft engines, and which comprises 1 to 60% by weight of at least one alicyclic alkane, up to 60% by weight of at least one linear or branched alkane, and up to 50% by weight of aromatics.
• U.S. Pat. No. 4,401,983 describes a high-octane fuel, also essentially intended for aircraft, comprising a major proportion of a trimethylpentane fraction having a boiling point ranging from 105 to 115° C., and a minor proportion of an aromatic hydrocarbon fraction.
• the present invention relates to a fuel composition
• a fuel composition comprising:
• compositions are intended to supply spark ignition engines (or gasoline engines).
• the fuel compositions according to the invention have particularly high research octane numbers (RON).
• the use of the composition according to the invention allows higher engine power levels to be achieved for a constant fuel flow rate.
• the fuel composition according to the present invention also has an excellent net calorific value (NCV).
• NCV net calorific value
• the NCV of a gasoline composition can be measured in accordance with the method described in standard ASTM D 240, or be calculated from the chromatographic fingerprint of the composition.
• the aforementioned properties are particularly sought after for use in racing vehicles.
• the composition according to the invention also has significant advantages for uses other than in racing vehicles, such as for example so-called general public uses, since it allows the specific fuel consumption of the engine to be reduced. Again, the composition according to the invention procures synergistic results as regards reducing the fuel consumption of the engine. Thus, the composition according to the invention has excellent fuel economy type properties. It also reduces CO2 emissions compared to a conventional gasoline composition.
• the invention further relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for supplying a spark ignition engine.
• the composition according to the invention is used as a fuel to supply a high-power and high-efficiency spark ignition engine, preferably an engine of a motor racing vehicle.
• CN compound denotes a compound containing N carbon atoms in the chemical structure thereof.
• composition according to the invention contains cyclopentane, in an amount ranging from 35% to 75% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the amount of cyclopentane ranges from 36 to 62% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
• composition according to the invention further contains one or more aromatic hydrocarbons, in an amount ranging from 10 to 25% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the aromatic hydrocarbon amount ranges from 13 to 24% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the aromatic hydrocarbons are advantageously monocyclic. They are preferably chosen from among C7 to C10 hydrocarbons containing a benzene ring.
• the one or more aromatic hydrocarbons are chosen from those including, on the benzene ring: a single substituent; or two substituents in the meta or para position; or three substituents in the meta position.
• the one or more aromatic hydrocarbons are more preferably chosen from among toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (and in particular 1,2-dimethylbenzene or ortho-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene or meta-xylene and 1,4-dimethylbenzene or para-xylene, preferably meta-xylene and para-xylene), 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene), 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene, and mixtures of these compounds.
• Toluene, xylenes and mixtures of these compounds are particularly preferred.
• the composition according to the invention has a weight ratio of its cyclopentane amount to its aromatic hydrocarbon amount that is greater than or equal to 2.
• this weight ratio lies in the range 2 to 7, more preferably in the range 2 to 6.5, and even more preferably in the range 2.5 to 4.
• this weight ratio lies in the range 2.8 to 3.2 and more preferably in the range 3 to 3.2.
• composition according to the invention contains one or more branched alkanes chosen from among 2-methylbutane and trimethylpentanes, the amount whereof can reach up to 55% by weight, preferably up to 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Preferably, this amount lies in the range 15 to 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the one or more branched alkanes are chosen from among trimethylpentanes, and more preferably from among 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (or isooctane), 2,3,3-trimethylpentane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane and mixtures thereof.
• 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is particularly preferred.
• composition as described hereinabove has a research octane number (RON number) greater than or equal to 95, preferably greater than or equal to 100, and more preferably greater than or equal to 101, the RON being measured according to the standard ASTM D 2699-86.
• RON number research octane number
• the aforementioned values relate to the intrinsic octane number of the composition, that is to say without the addition of additional compounds, in particular such as octane boosting additives, for example those described above.
• the fuel composition according to the invention can further comprise one or more additives, chosen from among those conventionally used in gasoline fuels.
• composition according to the invention can comprise at least one detergent additive ensuring the cleanliness of the intake circuit.
• an additive can for example be chosen from within the group consisting of succinimides, polyetheramines and quaternary ammonium salts, for example those described in the patent documents U.S. Pat. No. 4,171,959 and WO2006135881.
• the composition can also comprise at least one lubricity additive or anti-wear agent, in particular (but in a non-limiting manner) chosen from within the group consisting of fatty acids and the ester or amide derivatives thereof, in particular glycerol monooleate, and derivatives of mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acids.
• lubricity additive or anti-wear agent in particular (but in a non-limiting manner) chosen from within the group consisting of fatty acids and the ester or amide derivatives thereof, in particular glycerol monooleate, and derivatives of mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acids.
• lubricity additive or anti-wear agent in particular (but in a non-limiting manner) chosen from within the group consisting of fatty acids and the ester or amide derivatives thereof, in particular glycerol monooleate, and derivatives of mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acids.
• examples of such additives are given in the following patent documents: EP680506, EP860494, WO98
• additives can also be incorporated into the fuel composition according to the invention, such as additives protecting against valve seat recession and anti-oxidant additives.
• the electrical conductivity of the fuel is moreover preferably greater than 200 pS/m.
• at least one additive can be added to lower the electrical conductivity.
• the additives described hereinabove can be added in amounts ranging, for each thereof, from 10 to 1,000 ppm by weight, preferably from 100 to 500 ppm by weight, to the fuel composition.
• the fuel compositions according to the invention have a lead concentration that is generally less than or equal to 0.5 g/L (present for example in the form of tetraethyl lead), and are preferably unleaded, i.e. they do not contain lead or any lead-containing compound.
• composition according to the invention can be prepared by simply mixing the constituents thereof.
• One non-limiting example of a preparation method comprises the following steps of:
• composition according to the invention that has a cyclopentane/aromatic hydrocarbon weight ratio of 3. It goes without saying that a person skilled in the art will know how to adapt this method to the preparation of other compositions in the formulation field of the invention.
• the invention further relates to the use of the composition as described hereinabove to supply a spark ignition engine.
• the engine can be of the direct injection type or of the indirect injection type.
• the composition according to the invention is used to increase the power of the engine.
• the fuel composition can be advantageously used to supply a high-efficiency and high-power spark ignition engine, preferably an engine of a motor racing vehicle. It can in particular be a naturally-aspirated or turbocharged engine used in a racing vehicle (race track or rally vehicles).
• the composition according to the invention is used to reduce the specific fuel consumption of the engine.
• the use according to the invention is of the “fuel economy” type, i.e. the specific fuel consumption thereof is reduced.
• This use also allows the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere to be reduced.
• the invention further relates to the use of the composition as described hereinabove to increase the RON (also known as the research octane number) of a gasoline fuel composition.
• Example 1 Preparing a Composition According to the Invention
• composition C was prepared from the following starting compounds A and B:
• composition of the mixture A % by weight cyclopentane 75.5 toluene 6.8 paraxylene 6.3 orthoxylene 2.8 metaxylene 6.6 ethylbenzene 2
• composition C was obtained by simply mixing 50% by weight of A with 50% by weight of B.
• the final composition thereof is as follows:
• composition C of the invention was measured for the composition C of the invention, as well as for each of the starting compounds A and B:
• composition C according to the invention procures synergistic results as regards both the octane number RON and the specific power and specific fuel consumption, relative to each of the starting components A and B.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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Cited By (2)

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Family Cites Families (18)

• 2018
  • 2018-04-23 FR FR1853534A patent/FR3080382B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2019
  • 2019-04-19 AU AU2019260110A patent/AU2019260110A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2019-04-19 JP JP2020558945A patent/JP2021526562A/ja active Pending
  • 2019-04-19 US US17/044,710 patent/US20210040407A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2019-04-19 CN CN201980025836.8A patent/CN112004917A/zh active Pending
  • 2019-04-19 WO PCT/EP2019/060217 patent/WO2019206829A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2019-04-19 EP EP19719261.0A patent/EP3784760A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

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