US20190358271A1 - Therapeutic uses of an insect powder - Google Patents

Therapeutic uses of an insect powder Download PDF

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US20190358271A1
US20190358271A1 US16/478,240 US201816478240A US2019358271A1 US 20190358271 A1 US20190358271 A1 US 20190358271A1 US 201816478240 A US201816478240 A US 201816478240A US 2019358271 A1 US2019358271 A1 US 2019358271A1
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weight
insect powder
shrimps
nutrition
powder
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Constant Motte
Benjamin Armenjon
Antoine Hubert
Nathalie Berezina
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Ynsect SAS
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Ynsect SAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
    • A61K35/63—Arthropods
    • A61K35/64—Insects, e.g. bees, wasps or fleas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
    • A61K35/63—Arthropods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
    • A23V2250/20—Natural extracts
    • A23V2250/204—Animal extracts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an insect powder and to the use thereof, in particular in aquaculture.
  • Aquaculture is today one of the most dynamic sectors in the food industry. Aquaculture relates in particular to the production of fish (pisciculture), shellfish (shellfish farming) or also crustaceans (crayfish culture and shrimp farming).
  • Insect powders or insect meal offer natural replacement protein sources, as well as the possibility of mass production with a minimal ecological footprint.
  • certain beetles such as Tenebrio molitor have the benefit of being suitable for intensive mass production.
  • farmed fish, shellfish or crustaceans due to grouping together a large number of individuals in the rearing basins, are very often subject to epidemics of bacterial origin such as for example Vibrio parahaemolyticus which decimated over 70% of the population of farmed shrimps in certain regions.
  • Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterium that mainly infects shellfish (in particular oysters and mussels), crustaceans (in particular shrimps) and fish. This bacterium can be transmitted to humans, in particular when infected shellfish, crustaceans or fish are eaten, and causes enteritis and gastroenteritis.
  • the present invention also relates to an insect powder for use as a medicament.
  • insect powder is meant a composition, in the form of particles, prepared solely from insects and optionally water.
  • the residual moisture level in the insect powder is comprised between 2 and 15%, preferably between 5 and 10%, more preferentially between 4 and 8%.
  • This moisture level can for example be determined according to the method originating from EC Regulation 152/2009 of 27 Jan. 2009 (103° C./4 h).
  • particle size acceptable for human or animal nutrition is meant a particle size comprised between 100 ⁇ m and 1.5 mm, preferentially comprised between 300 ⁇ m and 1 mm, more preferentially between 500 and 800 ⁇ m.
  • insects is meant in particular Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Dictyoptera, grouping together in particular the Blattoptera, including Isoptera, and the Mantoptera, Phasmoptera, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Ephemeroptera and Mecoptera, preferably, Coleoptera, or mixtures thereof.
  • the beetles preferred according to the invention belong to the families of the Tenebrionidae, Melolonthidae, Dermestidae, Coccinellidae, Cerambycidae, Carabidae, Buprestidae, Cetoniidae, Dryophthoridae, or mixtures thereof.
  • Tenebrio molitor Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus, Zophobas mono, Tenebrio obscurus, Tribolium castaneum and Rhynchophorus ferrugineus , or mixtures thereof.
  • the insect powder is obtained from the larval stage of the insect species mentioned above.
  • the insect powder according to the invention can be administered to humans or animals with a view to a preventive or curative treatment.
  • This insect powder makes it possible in particular to combat effectively the bacterial infections caused by bacteria of the Vibrio species genus, in particular bacterial infections caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
  • the invention relates to an insect powder for use in the treatment of vibriosis.
  • vibriosis is meant all bacterial infections caused by bacteria of the Vibrio spp genus, belonging to the family Vibrionaceae, bacteria living in water. As indicated above, these bacteria are pathogenic to humans (being capable of causing serious infections) and/or to animals, in particular aquatic animals, thus being able to infect humans through their nutrition.
  • these bacteria are Vibrio aestuarianus , responsible for oyster disease, Vibrio parahaemolyticus , responsible for enteritis and gastroenteritis, or Vibrio spectacularus responsible for infectious disease in the cupped oyster.
  • the insect powder is intended for use in the treatment of vibriosis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
  • the insect powder can be used in the treatment of vibriosis in molluscs and crustaceans.
  • molluscs an invertebrate animal with a soft body, consisting of a head, a foot and a visceral mass.
  • molluscs there may be mentioned three main branches: the gastropods, the bivalves and the cephalopods.
  • the gastropods group together in particular snails, slugs or also limpets.
  • the bivalves group together in particular mussels, oysters or also clams.
  • the cephalopods group together in particular octopuses, squids or also cuttlefish.
  • the molluscs to which the invention relates can be land animals or aquatic animals, preferably aquatic.
  • aquatic is meant freshwater animals or marine animals, preferably marine.
  • the molluscs to which the invention relates belong to the groups of the bivalves comprising in particular the Palaeotaxodonta, Cryptodonta, Pteriomorphia, Palaeoheterodonta, Heterodonta and Anomalodesmata.
  • the molluscs are selected from the Mytilida (mussels) and the Ostreida (oysters).
  • the Ostreida group together in particular the Ostrea , the Crassostrea (cupped oysters), the Ostreola (flat oysters) or also the Saccostrea.
  • the mollusc species concerned are: Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Tapes rhomboides (banded carpet shell), Venerupis decussata (cross-cut carpet shell), Venerupis philippinarum (Japanese carpet shell), Venerupis aurea (golden carpet shell), Corbicula fluminea (Asiatic clam), Ostrea edulis (European flat oyster), Crassostrea angulata (Portuguese oyster), Crassostrea gigas (Japanese oyster), Ostreola conchaphila (Olympia oyster), Crassostrea virginica (American oyster or Virginia oyster).
  • crustaceans animals the body of which is covered by an exoskeleton of chitin and protein called exocuticle, which is often impregnated with calcium carbonate.
  • This group comprises animals of variable sizes belonging to the lower classes such as the Branchiopoda, Cephalocarida, Malacostraca, Maxillopoda, Ostracoda, Remipedia.
  • the species of crustaceans to which the invention relates belong to the order of the Decapoda.
  • Decapoda crustaceans having 5 pairs of legs.
  • the species of Decapoda are grouped together in two sub-classes: the Dendrobranchiata and the Pleocyemata.
  • Pleocyemata there may be mentioned, by their common name, the squat lobsters belonging to the infraorder of the Anomura, the crabs belonging to the subsection of the Heterotremata, or the infraorders of the Brachyura or the Paguroidea, the shrimps belonging to the infraorder Caridea, the crayfishes and the lobsters belonging to the infraorder of the Astacidea or also spiny lobsters belonging to the infraorder of the Chelata.
  • the crustaceans to which the invention relates are shrimps.
  • the shrimps may be marine or freshwater species.
  • they are species of shrimps suitable for shrimp farming or freshwater farming.
  • the species of shrimps to which the invention relates belong to the family Penaeidae and in particular to the genus Penaeus.
  • the species of shrimps to which the invention relates are the following: the Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ), the Asian tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ), the blue shrimp ( Penaeus stylirostris ), the fleshy prawn ( Penaeus chinensis ), the imperial prawn or kuruma prawn ( Penaeus japonicus ), the Indian prawn ( Penaeus indicus ), the banana prawn ( Penaeus merguiensis ), the akiami paste shrimp ( Metapenaeus spp) and the giant river prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii ), also preferentially Litopenaeus vannamei.
  • the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
  • the Asian tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon
  • the blue shrimp Penaeus stylirostris
  • the fleshy prawn Penaeus chinensis
  • Shrimps have several stages of development: three larval stages, namely the Nauplius, Zoea, Mysis stages, then they metamorphose into post-larvae.
  • the insect powder is particularly suitable for the post-larval and/or adult stages.
  • the invention therefore relates quite particularly to an insect powder for use in the treatment of vibriosis in bivalves and decapods.
  • insect powder for use in the treatment of enteritis in shrimps.
  • insect powder may be utilized for use in the treatment of shrimp early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome in shrimps.
  • EMS/AHPNS Shrimp early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome in shrimps
  • the insect powder used according to the invention comprises at least 67% by weight of proteins and at least 0.1% by weight chitin, percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder.
  • proteins is meant the quantity of crude proteins.
  • the quantification of crude proteins is well known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the Dumas method or the Kjeldahl method may be mentioned.
  • the Dumas method corresponding to the standard NF EN ISO 16634-1 (2008), is used.
  • the insect powder comprises 68% by weight of crude proteins, more preferentially 70% by weight of crude proteins, more preferentially 71% by weight of crude proteins, percentages by weight being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder.
  • chitin any type of chitin derivative, i.e. any type of polysaccharide derivative comprising N-acetyl-glucosamine units and D-glucosamine units, in particular the chitin-polypeptide copolymers (sometimes referred to as “chitin/polypeptide composite”). These copolymers can also be combined with pigments, often of the melanin type.
  • Chitin is thought to be the second most-synthesized polymer in the living world, after cellulose.
  • chitin is synthesized by numerous species in the living world: it partly constitutes the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects, and the lateral wall which surrounds and protects fungi. More particularly, in insects, chitin thus constitutes 3 to 60% of their exoskeleton.
  • the chitin content is determined by extraction thereof.
  • Such a method can be the AOAC 991.43 method.
  • the insect powder used according to the invention comprises at least 67% by weight proteins and at least 5% by weight chitin, percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder.
  • this insect powder comprises between 5 and 16% by weight chitin, more preferentially between 8 and 14% chitin, percentages by weight being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder.
  • this insect powder has an ash content less than or equal to 4% by weight with respect to the total weight of insect powder, and even more advantageously, less than or equal to 3.5%.
  • Ash constitutes the residue resulting from the combustion of the composition according to the invention.
  • the method for determining the ash content is well known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the ash was determined according to the method laid down by EC Regulation 152/2009 of 27 Jan. 2009.
  • the fat content of this insect powder is preferably comprised between 5 and 20% by weight with respect to the total weight of insect powder, more preferentially between 9 and 17%.
  • the proteins of this insect powder have a digestibility greater than or equal to 85% by weight with respect to the total weight of crude proteins.
  • the digestibility is a pepsin digestibility measured by the method described in Directive 72/199/EC.
  • the digestibility is greater than or equal to 86%, more preferentially greater than or equal to 88%.
  • this insect powder used according to the invention comprises between 35 and 65% by weight soluble proteins with respect to the total weight of proteins, and at least 50% of the soluble proteins have a size less than or equal to 12,400 g/mol.
  • total weight of proteins is meant the weight of crude proteins present in the insect powder according to the invention.
  • soluble proteins is meant, among the crude proteins, those which are soluble in an aqueous solution the pH of which is comprised between 6 and 8, advantageously between 7.2 and 7.6.
  • the aqueous solution is a buffer solution the pH of which is comprised between 6 and 8, advantageously between 7.2 and 7.6.
  • the buffer solution is an NaCl phosphate buffer solution, the pH of which is equal to 7.4+/ ⁇ 0.2.
  • this insect powder comprises between 38 and 60% by weight, preferably between 43 and 55% by weight soluble proteins with respect to the total weight of crude proteins.
  • At least 60%, preferentially at least 70% of the soluble proteins have a size less than or equal to 12,400 g/mol.
  • the soluble proteins have a size comprised between 6,500 and 12,400 g/mol.
  • less than 10%, preferably less than 8%, more preferentially less than 6% of soluble proteins have a size greater than or equal to 29,000 g/mol.
  • This insect powder can be prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
  • insects can be killed by scalding or blanching, as described in more detail hereinafter in Example 1.
  • the preparation method according to the invention can also comprise a step of drying the press cake.
  • the drying step is advantageously carried out after the pressing step and before the grinding step, and is also described in more detail hereinafter in Example 1.
  • the insect powder used according to the invention comprises at least 71% by weight proteins and comprises between 0.1% and 2% by weight chitin, percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder.
  • this insect powder has a protein content greater than or equal to 72% by weight, more preferentially greater than or equal to 74% by weight, even more preferentially greater than or equal to 75% by weight, with respect to the total dry weight of powder.
  • this powder has a chitin content comprised between 0.5 and 3% by weight, more preferentially comprised between 0.8 and 2% by weight, even more preferentially comprised between 0.8 et 1.7% by weight, with respect to the total dry weight of powder.
  • this powder comprises between 5 and 20% by weight, preferably between 7 and 17% by weight of lipids, with respect to the total dry weight of powder.
  • this powder comprises between 1 and 10% by weight, preferably between 2 and 6% by weight of ash, with respect to the total dry weight of powder.
  • the proteins of this insect powder have a digestibility greater than or equal to 85% by weight with respect to the total weight of crude proteins.
  • the digestibility is greater than or equal to 88%, more preferentially greater than or equal to 92%.
  • This insect powder can be prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
  • insects can be killed by scalding or blanching, as described in more detail hereinafter in Example 1.
  • the cuticle is the outer layer (or exoskeleton) secreted by the epidermis of the insects. It is generally formed of three layers: the epicuticle, exocuticle and endocuticle.
  • soft part is meant the flesh (in particular comprising the muscles and viscera) and the juice (comprising in particular the biological fluids, water and haemolymph) of the insects.
  • the soft part does not consist of the juice of the insects.
  • Separating the cuticles from the soft part of the insects can be carried out using a filter press or a belt separator.
  • belt separator is meant a device that comprises a squeezing belt (belt press filter) and a perforated drum.
  • the insect powder is obtained from an insect species belonging to the order of the Coleoptera, preferably from the species Tenebrio molitor , regardless of the embodiment of the invention.
  • the insect powder is then a beetle powder, and more particularly, a powder of Tenebrio molitor.
  • the invention therefore relates more particularly to a beetle powder, and in particular a powder of Tenebrio molitor , for use:
  • the invention also relates to a nutrition regime for molluscs and/or crustaceans, comprising at least 5% by weight of insect powder.
  • nutrition regime is meant a set of nutrition ingredients (or constituents) in given proportions, intended to be consumed by the molluscs and/or crustaceans.
  • the insect powder can be used according to the invention as an alternative to the fishmeal generally administered in the nutrition regime of molluscs and crustaceans. It may replace fishmeal partially or totally. Preferentially, the insect powder replaces fishmeal at 50% or more, by weight fishmeal, even more preferentially at 75% or more, by weight fishmeal.
  • Substitution of the fishmeal by the insect powder advantageously makes it possible to boost the immune system of the molluscs and/or the crustaceans, in particular due to the high digestibility of the proteins and lipids of the insect powder. Moreover, this increases the density as well as the length of the intestinal villi, in particular in the white shrimp while increasing the size of the hepatocyte cells. Thus, this substitution of fishmeal by insect powder presents an alternative that is rich in proteins and lipids, not very expensive, and makes it possible to prevent and/or cure certain diseases such as shrimp vibriosis.
  • the nutrition regime administered to the molluscs or to the crustaceans advantageously comprises at least 10% by weight insect powder, preferentially at least 15% by weight insect powder, even more preferentially at least 25% by weight insect powder.
  • the nutrition regime administered to the molluscs or to the crustaceans comprises 20% by weight insect powder.
  • the insect powder totally replaces the fishmeal generally administered to the molluscs and to the crustaceans.
  • the nutrition regime administered to the molluscs or to the crustaceans advantageously comprises 25% by weight insect powder.
  • the nutrition regime according to the invention comprises an insect powder comprising at least 71% by weight proteins and comprising between 0.1 and 2% by weight chitin, percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder.
  • the insect powder is a beetle powder, more preferentially, a powder of Tenebrio molitor.
  • the invention also relates to the use of an insect powder comprising at least 67% by weight proteins and comprising at least 0.1% by weight chitin, percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder, as a nutrition supplement in human or animal nutrition.
  • the insect powder used as a nutrition supplement in human or animal nutrition can comprise at least 67% by weight proteins and at least 5% by weight chitin, percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder. This then is the insect powder of the first embodiment described above, including all the advantageous, particular and preferred characteristics, and the method for obtaining it.
  • the insect powder used as a nutrition supplement in human or animal nutrition can comprise at least 71% by weight proteins and comprise between 0.1% and 2% by weight chitin, percentages being given with respect to the total weight of insect powder. This then is the insect powder of the second embodiment described above, including all the advantageous, particular and preferred characteristics, and the method for obtaining it.
  • the insect powder is a beetle powder, more preferably, a powder of Tenebrio molitor.
  • the invention relates to the use of an insect powder, in particular those described above, as a nutrition supplement in the nutrition of the molluscs and/or crustaceans.
  • the invention relates to a nutrition supplement comprising an insect powder such as described above.
  • the insect powder is used as a nutrition supplement in the nutrition of shrimps, in particular farmed shrimps.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the final weight of the white shrimps fed according to different nutrition regimes, either including or not including insect powder in place of fishmeal;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the weight gain of the white shrimps fed according to different nutrition regimes, either including or not including insect powder in place of fishmeal;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the activity of phenol oxidase as a function of the bacterial reduction of the pathogen, in white shrimps infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and fed according to different nutrition regimes, either including or not including insect powder in place of fishmeal; and
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the survival rate of the shrimps infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus as a function of the nutrition regime provided, either including or not including insect powder in place of fishmeal.
  • EXAMPLE 1 METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN INSECT POWDER
  • composition according to the invention is prepared from Tenebrio molitor larvae. Upon receipt of the larvae, the latter can be stored at 4° C. for 0 to 15 days in their rearing tanks without major degradation before being killed.
  • the weight with respect to age of the larvae used is variable and as a result their composition can vary, as illustrated in Table 1 below:
  • Step 1 Blanching the Insects
  • Living larvae (+4° C. to +25° C.) are conveyed in layers with a thickness comprised between 2 and 10 cm, on a perforated conveyor belt (1 mm) to a blanching chamber.
  • the insects are thus blanched with steam (steam nozzles or bed) at 98° C. or with water at 100° C. (spray nozzles) or in mixed mode (water+steam).
  • the residence time in the blanching chamber is comprised between 1 to 15 minutes, ideally 5 min.
  • the temperature of the larvae after blanching is comprised between 75° C. and 98° C.
  • the larvae are conveyed to the feed hopper of a continuous single-screw press. While passing into the press, the larvae are maintained at a temperature above 70° C. in order to increase the de-oiling yields.
  • the principle of de-oiling is to pressurize the material inside a cylindrical cage by means of an arrangement of screws and rings arranged on the central shaft.
  • the cage is lined inside with bars distributed in sections and kept apart by spaces of different thicknesses depending on the work area. The interstices thus arranged allow the flow of an oil fraction and limit the passage of the so-called “dry” matter, the protein fraction, which will be called “press cake”, thus being involved in the pressurization.
  • the pressing yields obtained are comprised between 48 and 55%.
  • the press cake obtained contains 35 to 40% dry matter, 67 to 75% proteins and 13 to 17% fats, percentages by weight being given with respect to the dry weight of press cake.
  • the press cake is then arranged on a tray in a thin layer (approximately 2 cm) and is dried in ventilated/stirred air at 90° C. for 5 hours in order to obtain a press cake having a dry matter content greater than 92%.
  • This step makes it possible to guard against any contamination having occurred since the killing.
  • the Wa (water activity) after drying is 0.35.
  • the microbiological results show an absence of Salmonella spp (method: IRIS Salmonella BKR 23/07-10/11) and Enterobacteria values less than 10 CFU/g (method: NF ISO 2128-2, December 2004, 30° C. and 37° C.).
  • the dried press cake comprising mainly proteins
  • the grinder is fed by a hopper with a flow rate control flap (180 kg/h).
  • the perforated grill used to control the output granulometry is 0.8 mm.
  • the speed of rotation of the motor is 3000 rpm (electric motorization, absorbed power 4 kW (5.5 CV)).
  • Example 1 The insect powder prepared in Example 1 was characterized.
  • the moisture content is determined according to the method originating from EC Regulation 152/2009 of 27 Jan. 2009 (103° C./4 h).
  • the crude proteins are determined according to the method called Dumas method, and corresponding to the standard NF EN ISO 16634-1 (2008).
  • Dietary fibres from insect meal are essentially composed of chitin, the latter was therefore measured according to the ADAC 991.43 method. The values thus obtained are consequently slightly overestimated.
  • the fat was determined according to the method of EC Regulation 152/2009.
  • the crude ash was determined according to the method under EC Regulation 152/2009 of 27 Jan. 2009.
  • the phosphorus is measured by ICP (induced coupled plasma) with internal calibration.
  • the energy value is obtained with the coefficients of EU Regulation 1169/201.
  • the pepsin digestibility is measured by the method described in Directive 72/199/EC.
  • the insect powder is detailed in Table 2 below.
  • EXAMPLE 3 ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN INSECT POWDER
  • T. molitor larvae 200 g are introduced into a beaker, placed in a water bath at 100° C. and containing 200 mL of water brought to the boil beforehand. After 5 minutes, the beaker is removed from the water bath, the larvae are drained, then mixed with a volume of water of 200 mL. The liquid thus obtained is passed into a twin-screw-type press. The press cake thus obtained is dried for 24 hours in an oven at 70° C., then ground to 250 ⁇ m. An insect powder is thus obtained.
  • the fishmeal used for all of these experiments is a fishmeal originating from Thailand and comprising a crude protein content of 56%, expressed with respect to the total weight of said fishmeal.
  • insect powder used is identical for all of these experiments and corresponds to the insect powder obtained in Example 1.
  • the insect powder used in the experimental nutrition regimes is that obtained in Example 1.
  • the white shrimps were fed with pellets containing 36% crude proteins and 7% crude lipids, at a quantity of approximately 5% of the average bodyweight of the shrimps/day (i.e. 1.5-2% bodyweight per feed) by placing the feedstuffs on a tray and providing 3 feeds per day.
  • Unconsumed feed was collected from the tray one hour after its deposit and freeze-dried at ⁇ 40° C., then weighed in order to determine the total nutrition consumption.
  • the in vivo digestibility of the proteins, the lipids and the energy of the insect powder in white shrimps were determined by an indirect method. Three hundred shrimps with an average weight of 5 to 8 g were randomly distributed in each of the twenty aquariums. Ten repetitions with ten shrimps, each fed with a reference nutrition regime composed of 25% fishmeal and 5% squid meal, 63.7% wheat flour, gluten and soya isolate and soya lecithin, 3% mixture of tunny oil and soya oil, 3.3% premix of vitamins and 1% chromic oxide as digestibility marker.
  • Another nutrition regime was provided to the other 200 shrimps (20 repetitions of 10 shrimps), composed of 30% insect powder plus 1% chromic oxide as marker, 63.7% wheat flour, gluten and soya isolate and soya lecithin, 3% of a mixture of tunny oil and soya oil, 3.3% of premix of vitamins and 1% of chromic oxide as digestibility marker.
  • the acclimatization period was one week. After this period, the shrimps were fed with the allocated nutrition regimes in excess (4%) three times per day. Two hours after the feed, the aquariums were cleaned, and half an hour before the following feed, the faecal matter was collected, for 1 to 2 weeks.
  • the samples originating from each nutrition regime were collected together at the end of the experiment, so as to have enough material for analysis. They were dried in a hot air oven at 65° C.
  • the samples of the feedstuffs and the faecal matter were analyzed for lipids and proteins (AOAC, 2000).
  • the chromic oxide was determined (Scott, 1978).
  • the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) was calculated as described by Cho et al. (1985).
  • Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC %) 100 ⁇ (Indicator in the nutrition regime in %)/Indicator in the faecal matter in
  • CMCA completely random manner
  • the experiment was carried out in 20 glass aquariums each having 100 litres capacity, with 70 litres of salt water at 15 ppt (parts per trillion).
  • Juvenile white shrimps (approx. 3 to 4 g) were stocked at a density of 40 shrimps/m 2 (10 per aquarium).
  • the insect powder was mixed into the nutrition while the fish oil was gradually reduced.
  • the feedstuffs thus prepared were provided to the shrimps 3 times per day at a quantity comprised between 3 and 5% of the average bodyweight of the shrimps for 8 weeks. Every 2 to 3 days, the feed waste was siphoned off and 15-20% of the water renewed.
  • the ingredients of the different nutrition regimes were ground to 150-250 microns, mixed together, then 25% water was added before passing through the Hobart chopper.
  • the pellets thus obtained were dried in a hot air oven.
  • compositions of the nutrition regimes tested such as the moisture, proteins, lipids, fibres, ash and energy were analyzed according to the description of AOAC (2000).
  • This chemical composition as well as the composition of ingredients are summarized in Table 5 below.
  • the data necessary for this experiment relate to the growth performance of the shrimps under test conditions. These include:
  • the immune status is determined at the end of the study by counting the haemocyte total, the phenol-oxydase activity, the haemolymph proteins.
  • the resistance of the Pacific white shrimps to Vibrio parahaemolyticus was studied in order to determine the ability of the shrimps to resist the pathogenic bacteria.
  • the appetence of the insect powder in the nutrition regime of the white shrimp was studied, focussing on the start time of consumption of the feedstuffs by the shrimps, the number of shrimps consuming the feedstuffs within 15 minutes and the quantity of feedstuffs consumed during the feed observed.
  • the results of the attraction capacity of the insect powder have been presented in Table 6 below.
  • the attraction capacity, in terms of the quantity of feedstuffs consumed during the feed observed, the start time of consumption of the feedstuffs and the number of shrimps consuming the feedstuffs do not differ significantly between the different nutrition regimes (p>0.05).
  • the daily nutrition consumption per feed of the shrimps fed with 30% fishmeal (R1) appears to be stable, while the groups of shrimps fed with 15% fishmeal with and without insect powder of Tenebrio molitor (R2-R5) show a wide variation in the consumption of feedstuffs per feed.
  • the time necessary for the shrimps to start consumption of the feedstuffs and the number of shrimps consuming the feedstuffs are completely stable after five days of the study.
  • These elements may mean that the feed based on insect powder of Tenebrio molitor did not show greater attraction in the nutrition regimes of the white shrimps.
  • this also demonstrates that the reduction in fishmeal in the nutrition regimes of the white shrimps does not have a significant effect on the nutrition consumption by the shrimps.
  • the in vivo digestibility of the insect powder of Tenebrio molitor in white shrimps was determined by the indirect method according to Cho et al. (1985). The apparent digestibility of nutrients is presented in Table 7 below. The results indicate that the insect powder of Tenebrio molitor has a high proteins and lipids content and an energy digestibility of 96 to 97%.
  • the effects of the insect powder on the performance of white shrimps were studied for 8 weeks.
  • the results on the growth performance of the shrimps were presented in Table 8, as well as in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the results showed that from the 8th week, the growth performance of the shrimps in terms of final weight, weight gain, average daily gain and specific growth rate were significantly greater with respect to the control (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • the shrimps fed with insect powder had a better growth rate than the control (said control having 25% fishmeal, without a supplement of insect powder).
  • the nutrition consumption over the 8 weeks was however not significantly different (p>0.05).
  • the feed conversion rate was significantly lower from week 8 for T2-T5 with respect to the control regime (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • the protein efficiency ratio is not significantly different (p>0.05).
  • the insect powder may promote the growth rate of shrimps in a nutrition regime reducing fishmeal up to a replacement of 100% (rate of inclusion of fishmeal 25% in the control regime).
  • the reason is the high digestibility of the proteins and lipids of the insect powder.
  • T1 INSM T2 INSM T3 INSM T4 INSM T5 INSM replaces replaces replaces replaces Growth 0% of 25% of 50% of 75% of 100% of P- performance Periods FM FM FM FM FM value Production 0 weeks 24.03 a 22.48 a 24.00 a 24.95 a 21.87 a 0.094 (g/aquarium) 2 weeks 32.33 a 32.48 a 33.73 a 32.18 a 32.12 a 0.910 4 weeks 53.28 a 55.10 a 54.75 a 59.62 a 56.13 a 0.493 6 weeks 62.75 a 65.52 a 68.82 a 72.30 a 63.20 a 0.340 8 weeks 63.77 b 72.22 ab 79.00 a 78.55 a 71.62 ab 0.025 Number of 0
  • the resistance status after injection of Vibrio parahemolyticus is studied over 6 hours.
  • the immunity of the shrimps in Table 9 shows a high (p ⁇ 0.05) activity of phenol-oxidase in the group of shrimps fed with the insect powder replacing 50 to 100% of the fishmeal (rate of inclusion of the fishmeal in the nutrition regime from 10.3 to 20.6%). More particularly, in FIG. 3 , a negative correlation is noted between the presence of bacteria and phenol oxidase activity. In addition, there is a strong negative correlation between the reduction of bacteria and increasing inclusion of insect powder in the nutrition regime (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • the mortality of the shrimps after exposure to Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been presented in Table 10, as well as in FIG. 4 .
  • the shrimps fed with nutrition regimes in which fishmeal was reduced (by 50 to 100%) and supplemented by insect powder of Tenebrio molitor (replacing fishmeal by 50 to 100%) showed a significantly lower mortality rate (P ⁇ 0.05) than the control nutrition regime with 25% fishmeal (T1) and than the group of shrimps fed with nutrition regimes in which the fishmeal was reduced and supplemented by insect powder (25% fishmeal replaced). This may result from the high lipid and protein digestibility of the insect powder and from a possible better quality of the lipids with respect to soya oil, allowing the shrimps to obtain more nutriments.
  • the hepatopancreatic histology of the shrimps fed with the control nutrition regime and the regimes with the insect powder showed larger B cells and R cells. These cells produce nutriment regulation enzymes.
  • the B (secretory) and R (reserve) cells enlarged more than in the control regime T1. This means that the hepatocyte cells, having accumulated more nutrients, can be reserves of glycogen and/or lipids, as a result of the high protein or lipid digestibility of the insect powder.
  • the density and length of intestinal villi were high under all the nutrition regimes.
  • Insect powder in particular from Tenebrio molitor , can replace fishmeal, up to 100% replacement of the fishmeal, without any negative effect on the growth performance, the health of the shrimps and the histology of the hepatopancreas and the intestinal villi in small-sized shrimps (1-5 g) with an equivalent nutritional profile between the nutrition regimes comprising fishmeal and/or insect powder.
  • the insect powder replaces between 25 and 100% of the fishmeal in the nutrition regime in shrimps during more than 6 weeks, the shrimp may have the best growth rate and a high digestibility.
  • the group of shrimps fed with insect powder from Tenebrio molitor as replacement for fishmeal at 50 or 100% showed a better resistance to the pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

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US20220061371A1 (en) * 2018-12-18 2022-03-03 Flying Spark Ltd. Compositions comprising insect powder having high calcium and high magnesium content
US20220174989A1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2022-06-09 Ynsect Method for treating insects, in which the cuticles are separated from the soft part of the insects, and the soft part is then separated into three fractions

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FR3087092B1 (fr) * 2018-10-12 2020-11-13 Ynsect Poudre d'insectes pour eviter une deformation squelettique d'un poisson et/ou renforcer la solidite d'une arete de poisson pendant l'elevage
FR3110343A1 (fr) * 2020-05-20 2021-11-26 Fungfeed Procédé d’abattage et de conservation de larves d’insectes et/ou d’insectes, insectes, larves, procédé de fabrication d’un aliment et aliment associés
FR3116178A1 (fr) * 2020-11-19 2022-05-20 Innovafeed Aliment ameliore destine a l’elevage des crevettes comprenant de la farine de hermetia illucens
FR3116179A1 (fr) * 2020-11-19 2022-05-20 Innovafeed Aliment alternatif destine a l’elevage des crevettes comprenant de la farine de hermetia illucens
FR3116180A1 (fr) * 2020-11-19 2022-05-20 Innovafeed Aliment pour ameliorer le rendement d’un elevage de decapodes
KR102552826B1 (ko) * 2022-09-07 2023-07-07 대한민국 새우류 생산성 및 면역력 개선을 위한 곤충원료 사료조성물

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CN102603921A (zh) * 2012-02-17 2012-07-25 郎影菲 一种昆虫的综合处理方法及应用
CN102715367B (zh) * 2012-05-21 2014-07-09 高雷 一种虾饲料添加剂及其制备方法
CN103815168A (zh) * 2012-11-19 2014-05-28 大连德通生物技术开发有限公司 一种海参用抗溶藻弧菌营养增强剂的制备方法
CN103815167A (zh) * 2012-11-19 2014-05-28 大连德通生物技术开发有限公司 一种海参用抗溶藻弧菌营养增强剂
CN105560297A (zh) * 2014-10-11 2016-05-11 上海海洋大学 用于控制南美白对虾弧菌病的制剂及其生产方法
CA2970720A1 (fr) * 2014-12-31 2016-07-07 Ynsect Composition comportant de la chitine et des proteines digestibles
KR20170105023A (ko) * 2014-12-31 2017-09-18 와이엔섹트 딱정벌레 분말
CN105106753A (zh) * 2015-09-11 2015-12-02 重庆涪江生物科技有限公司 提高免疫力的黄粉虫保健品
CN106071395A (zh) * 2016-06-22 2016-11-09 杨成胜 一种中华小长臂虾饲料

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US20220174989A1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2022-06-09 Ynsect Method for treating insects, in which the cuticles are separated from the soft part of the insects, and the soft part is then separated into three fractions
US20220061371A1 (en) * 2018-12-18 2022-03-03 Flying Spark Ltd. Compositions comprising insect powder having high calcium and high magnesium content

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