US20190337678A1 - Bag wall, bag tube and bag produced therefrom and method for producing them - Google Patents

Bag wall, bag tube and bag produced therefrom and method for producing them Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190337678A1
US20190337678A1 US16/403,730 US201916403730A US2019337678A1 US 20190337678 A1 US20190337678 A1 US 20190337678A1 US 201916403730 A US201916403730 A US 201916403730A US 2019337678 A1 US2019337678 A1 US 2019337678A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
bag
openings
bag wall
seam
kraft paper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/403,730
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Uwe Vogelskamp
Reinhard KAINZ
Johannes ROSENWIRTH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mondi AG
Original Assignee
Mondi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mondi AG filed Critical Mondi AG
Assigned to MONDI AG reassignment MONDI AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KAINZ, REINHARD, Rosenwirth, Johannes, VOGELSKAMP, UWE
Publication of US20190337678A1 publication Critical patent/US20190337678A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
    • B65D31/02—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents with laminated walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B70/00—Making flexible containers, e.g. envelopes or bags
    • B31B70/008—Stiffening or reinforcing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B70/00—Making flexible containers, e.g. envelopes or bags
    • B31B70/14—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B70/00—Making flexible containers, e.g. envelopes or bags
    • B31B70/26—Folding sheets, blanks or webs
    • B31B70/262—Folding sheets, blanks or webs involving longitudinally folding, i.e. along a line parallel to the direction of movement
    • B31B70/266—Folding sheets, blanks or webs involving longitudinally folding, i.e. along a line parallel to the direction of movement involving gusset-forming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
    • B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
    • B65B9/13—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the preformed tubular webs being supplied in a flattened state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
    • B65D31/10—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents with gusseted sides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/04—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in single sheets or wrapper blanks
    • B65D75/06—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in single sheets or wrapper blanks in sheets or blanks initially folded to form tubes
    • B65D75/12—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in single sheets or wrapper blanks in sheets or blanks initially folded to form tubes with the ends of the tube closed by flattening and heat-sealing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
    • D21H19/84—Paper comprising more than one coating on both sides of the substrate
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/10—Packing paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2155/00—Flexible containers made from webs
    • B31B2155/003—Flexible containers made from webs starting from tubular webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2160/00—Shape of flexible containers
    • B31B2160/10—Shape of flexible containers rectangular and flat, i.e. without structural provision for thickness of contents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2170/00—Construction of flexible containers
    • B31B2170/20—Construction of flexible containers having multi-layered walls, e.g. laminated or lined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/0038—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding involving application of liquid to the layers prior to lamination, e.g. wet laminating

Definitions

  • the invention is related to a bag wall designed for producing a bag open on a top side by means of at least a connecting seam and for closing said bag by means of at least one further connecting seam after being filled with bulk material.
  • the present invention also refers to a bag tube formed from a bag wall of this kind by means of at least one longitudinal seam.
  • the present invention is especially related to a bag wall consisting of different materials which adhere to each other over their whole surfaces so as to together form a single layer so that the bag wall and the bag formed therefrom is handled like a bag wall or bag consisting of only one layer of one material.
  • a central paper layer may be provided with respective openings along a connecting seam line which allows covering plastic films on both sides of said central paper layer to be connected through said openings, e.g. by weld points.
  • equal kinds of material may be connected together through said openings of the material of a different kind which may not easily be adhered to the different material of the covering layers.
  • a paper layer may be laminated with a plastic material, in order to allow the production of a weld seam within the plastic material.
  • This method leads to the problem of delamination when a certain load is imposed on the weld seam.
  • the stability of the weld seam depends on the adherence of the substance laminated on the base layer, e. g. a plastic material on a base paper layer.
  • bags are made of single layers of plastic material because of the simple way to form connecting seams, e. g. by welding. This has a special importance for so-called form, fill and seal (FFS) bags. Said bags are used in a manner different from the use of e. g. valve bags.
  • Valve bags are produced by a bag manufacturer by forming a bag wall tube and folding a lower and an upper bottom. The upper bottom is provided with a valve opening formed between bottom flaps.
  • the customer receives the completed bag and the filling process with bulk material at the customer's premises is performed using a filling machine provided with a filing nozzle which is introduced in the valve opening of the valve bag. After the filling the valve is closed by the weight of the bulk material introduced into the bag or in cases of dusty bulk material by means of a seam closing the valve opening e. g. by gluing or ultrasonic or high-frequency welding.
  • the bag manufacturer delivers the bag wall which is folded and wound on a core so as to form an endless supply reel. It is only at the customer's premises that a bag open at the top is formed by connecting seams.
  • the folded bag wall is an endless tube wound on the supply reel.
  • the bag wall is folded into two equal flaps along a longitudinal side edge which are not connected to each other at the opposite longitudinal side edge.
  • the bag open at the top for filling purposes is formed by two connecting seams directed perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal folding line. After said connecting seams have been performed the original longitudinal folding line now forms the closed bottom part of the bag being open at the top for filling.
  • the FFS bags are usually made of a plastic film forming the single ply bag wall.
  • said plastic foil has to be relatively thick and therefore necessitates a relatively high material weight and disadvantages for the handling of the bag walls, e. g. for the folding steps.
  • a bag wall according to the present invention designed for producing a bag open on a top side by means of at least a connecting seam and for closing said bag by means of at least one further connection after being filled with bulk material is characterized by at least one Kraft paper layer forming a Kraft paper core and essentially determining the load capacity of the bag which core is provided with fine openings in two dimensional regions covering at least half of the surface of said layer and is directly coated on both sides with a plastic layer each wherein both plastic layers consist of plastic material being miscible in liquid states and wherein the plastic layers are connected to each other by material fit through said openings during the coating.
  • the bag wall according to the present invention has a Kraft paper core which is laminated on both sides with plastic material, thereby establishing a single ply bag wall.
  • the stability or load capacity of said bag wall is considerably enhanced by the connection of both plastic coatings through said openings in the Kraft paper core, especially the tensile strength perpendicular to the surface of the wall, as needed e. g. for weld seams.
  • the bag wall according to the present invention consequently provides a considerable enforcement by means of said openings which enforcement is advantageously provided in regions where connecting seams are established for forming the open bag or for closing the bag after filling.
  • the openings are present over the whole area of the Kraft paper core in a more or less regular pattern.
  • the structure of the bag wall according to the present invention combines the adhesion between the coating and the core over its whole surface with a kind of anchoring both coatings through the openings of the core so that a seam, e. g. a weld or a glue seam, acting on one coating is simultaneously stabilized by the opposite coating of the core.
  • the openings may be advantageous to distribute the openings over the whole surface of the Kraft paper core, especially in a uniform density (number of openings per area unit).
  • the distribution of the openings over the whole surface of the Kraft paper core may simplify the production of the Kraft paper core before the coatings are produced by applying the respective plastic material to both major sides of the Kraft paper core.
  • the openings may form a regular pattern repeating over the length and the width of the web of Kraft paper which is then coated on both sides and wound to form a supply reel.
  • the Kraft paper core has a grammage of 70 to 120 g/m 2 and the plastic layers each have a coating rate per unit area of 10 to 30 g/m 2 .
  • a plastic layer designed for the inner side of the bag with a coating weight per unit area which is higher than the coating weight per unit of the layer designed for the outer side of the bag.
  • the outer layer especially serves for protecting the bag against moisture whereas connecting seams are at least mostly applied to the inner layer of the bag, especially for producing weld seams for closing the bag.
  • the openings are fine openings having a largest dimension between 0.5 and 2 mm.
  • the largest dimension may be a diameter if circular openings are applied.
  • the openings may form a pattern wherein a distance between an opening and an adjacent opening is between 3 and 100 mm, especially between 10 and 50 mm. Said dimensions are in accordance with the requirements for a high load capacity or stability of the Kraft paper core which essentially determines the load capacity or stability of the bag since the coatings with plastic material are intended to be thin so that the handling of the bag is essentially determined by the properties of the Kraft paper core.
  • the bag wall of the present invention is especially suited for being used as a FFS bag. That means that the bag manufacturer produces the bag wall wound on a supply reel.
  • the bag wall may be folded to form a closed bottom or may be provided with a longitudinal seam so as to form a continuous tube.
  • the bag manufacturer may apply at least one further seam so as to determine the length or width of the bag and possibly to produce a bag open at the top for as specific user.
  • the user itself will determine the size of the bag by applying at least one seam in order to produce the bag open at the top for filling purposes. After the filling the bag is closed at the top by at least one further seam.
  • At least one seam is a weld seam.
  • the Kraft paper core has openings only in specific regions of its surface said region should be provided where the seams are applied. Obviously, this is automatically the case when the openings are distributed over the whole surface of the Kraft paper core.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a bag wall according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a pattern of openings which may be repeated over the whole surface of a Kraft paper core
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic top view on a bag wall wound on a supply reel as a closed tube with dewinding steps as performed by the user;
  • FIG. 4 shows a side view corresponding to FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic perspective view on a filled and closed bag
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a bag wall formed as a closed tube by means of a longitudinal seam, the tube having gussets, as may be delivered by the bag manufacturer;
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of different seams applied to the delivered bag by the user before and after filling the bag.
  • the bag wall a section of which is illustrated in FIG. 1 in a schematic enlarged view consists of a paper layer 1 having a multitude of openings 2 and being provided with a first coating 3 and a second coating 4 .
  • the first coating 3 is designed for the inner side of a bag formed by the bag wall whereas the second coating 4 is designed for the outer layer.
  • the paper layer 1 is a Kraft paper layer which essentially determines the stability or load capacity of the bag wall.
  • the paper layer 1 is directly coated with the first coating 3 and the second coating 4 which both are of plastic material like e. g. polyethylene. The coating is performed by applying the plastic material in a liquid state so that the plastic material of both coatings 3 and 4 migrate into the openings 2 .
  • the plastic material of both coatings are miscible they will completely fill the openings 2 so that both coatings 3 , 4 are connected by material fit through said openings 2 .
  • the plastic material of both coatings 3 , 4 is preferably thermoplastic material so that the plastic material in the liquid state is applied during lamination of the paper layer will become solid with the connection between both coatings 3 , 4 through the openings 2 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible pattern of five openings 2 , four of them being arranged in the corners of a square and the fifth opening 2 in the center of the square. This pattern may be repeated over the whole surface of the bag wall.
  • the largest dimension of the opening 2 lies between 0.5 and 2 mm and the distance a between 2 adjacent openings 2 may lie between 3 and 100 mm, preferably between 5 and 50 mm.
  • the illustrated example of FIG. 2 shows a side length a of the square of 5 mm so that the pattern is characterized by a ⁇ a (5), where (5) means the number of openings 2 and a ⁇ a means the distance of the holes within the squares. It is noted that the distance between the openings 2 at the corners of the square and the central opening 2 is somewhat smaller than the distance a.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the arrangement of the bag wall of FIG. 1 formed as a tube with gussets and wound on a core so as to form a supply reel 6 from which a web 7 of a continuous bag tube is decoiled at the user's premises.
  • the fold lines 8 defining the gussets of the bag tube is shown in dotted lines.
  • a first transverse seam 9 especially a weld seam, is applied defining the length of the bag formed from the tube 7 .
  • diagonal bottom seams 10 are applied as known in the art.
  • a length of the web 7 is cut along a cutting line 11 so that now a bag open at the right end in FIGS. 3 and 4 is produced.
  • the bag is filled with bulk material as indicated by filling contour 12 in FIG. 3 .
  • the open end 13 of the filled bag is now closed by a final seam corresponding to bottom seam 9 .
  • the closed and filled bag is schematically illustrated in FIG. 5 , where the height of the bag is determined by the defolded gussets.
  • the folding line 8 of which is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 only show an embodiment of the production of an open bag from a bag wall according to the present invention.
  • a web 7 of a bag tube is illustrated.
  • the web 7 may consist of a bag wall folded at one side edge so as to form a U shape. The free ends of both flaps of the bag wall are not connected and will establish the opening at the top when seams corresponding to seam 9 in FIG. 3 define side walls of the bag and the fold at the edge of the web 7 establishes a bottom of the bag.
  • there is no gusset so that a shape of the filled bag will occur which may not be preferred in any case.
  • FIG. 6 shows a section of the web 7 produced by the bag manufacturer when the bag wall forms the web 7 as a tube.
  • a longitudinal seam 14 by which overlapping ends of the bag wall are connected.
  • a weld seam may be produced by connecting the second (outer) coating 4 with the first (inner) coating 3 along the longitudinal seam 14 .
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the folding lines 8 for gussets formed in the wall tube as wound on the supply reel by the bag manufacturer. Only for the purpose of illustration the openings 2 are shown as an enlarged view. They form sections leaving a sector along the length of the tube without openings.
  • seams 9 , 10 and 13 are produced in the sections of the bag tube where openings 2 exist. Thereby, the seams 9 , 10 and 13 are stabilized through the connections between the coatings 3 , 4 through the openings 2 , as described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bag Frames (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
US16/403,730 2018-05-07 2019-05-06 Bag wall, bag tube and bag produced therefrom and method for producing them Abandoned US20190337678A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18171067.4A EP3566857B1 (en) 2018-05-07 2018-05-07 Bag wall, bag tube and bag produced therefrom and method for producing them
EP18171067.4 2018-05-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20190337678A1 true US20190337678A1 (en) 2019-11-07

Family

ID=62152343

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/403,730 Abandoned US20190337678A1 (en) 2018-05-07 2019-05-06 Bag wall, bag tube and bag produced therefrom and method for producing them

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20190337678A1 (ru)
EP (1) EP3566857B1 (ru)
DK (1) DK3566857T3 (ru)
ES (1) ES2822075T3 (ru)
HU (1) HUE052410T2 (ru)
PL (1) PL3566857T3 (ru)
RU (1) RU2019113496A (ru)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2846009A1 (de) 1978-10-23 1980-04-24 Bischof & Klein Flexibles verpackungsbehaeltnis in form eines sackes oder beutels sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung
JPS58161215A (ja) * 1982-03-19 1983-09-24 株式会社フジクラ 孔あきプラスチック部を持つ合成絶縁紙とその製造方法
DE202006014003U1 (de) * 2006-09-08 2006-11-16 Papier-Mettler Inhaber Michael Mettler Verbundpapier und Beutel, insbesondere für Lebensmittel, enthaltend dieses Verbundpapier

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Publication number Publication date
ES2822075T3 (es) 2021-04-29
EP3566857A1 (en) 2019-11-13
RU2019113496A (ru) 2020-11-06
PL3566857T3 (pl) 2020-12-28
EP3566857B1 (en) 2020-07-29
HUE052410T2 (hu) 2021-04-28
DK3566857T3 (da) 2020-10-19

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AS Assignment

Owner name: MONDI AG, AUSTRIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VOGELSKAMP, UWE;KAINZ, REINHARD;ROSENWIRTH, JOHANNES;REEL/FRAME:049966/0438

Effective date: 20190718

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION