US20190177258A1 - New solid forms of cannabidiol and uses thereof - Google Patents

New solid forms of cannabidiol and uses thereof Download PDF

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US20190177258A1
US20190177258A1 US16/214,913 US201816214913A US2019177258A1 US 20190177258 A1 US20190177258 A1 US 20190177258A1 US 201816214913 A US201816214913 A US 201816214913A US 2019177258 A1 US2019177258 A1 US 2019177258A1
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cannabidiol
proline
cocrystal
solid form
dipyridyl
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R. Martin Emanuele
Tanise Shattock Gordon
Tabitha Williford
Mark Andres
Patricia Andres
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Curia Global Inc
Artelo Biosciences Inc
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Artelo Biosciences Inc
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Priority to US16/214,913 priority Critical patent/US20190177258A1/en
Priority to US16/396,414 priority patent/US10604467B2/en
Publication of US20190177258A1 publication Critical patent/US20190177258A1/en
Priority to US16/835,383 priority patent/US11364202B2/en
Assigned to Artelo Biosciences, Inc. reassignment Artelo Biosciences, Inc. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: EMANUELE, R. MARTIN
Assigned to Artelo Biosciences, Inc. reassignment Artelo Biosciences, Inc. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALBANY MOLECULAR RESEARCH, INC.
Assigned to ALBANY MOLECULAR RESEARCH, INC. reassignment ALBANY MOLECULAR RESEARCH, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ANDRES, MARK, ANDRES, PATRICIA, SHATTOCK-GORDON, Tanise, WILLIFORD, Tabitha
Priority to US17/844,544 priority patent/US20230404939A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C39/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C39/23—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings, with unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/05—Phenols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
    • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
    • A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
    • A61K47/545—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/16—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
    • C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D241/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D241/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is in the field of medicinal cannabis.
  • the disclosure concerns solid forms of cannabidiol, methods of making such solid forms, pharmaceutical compositions of such solid forms, and uses thereof for various medical treatments.
  • Cannabidiol is a compound identified from cannabis that is pharmaceutically active. It is a phytocannabinoid and accounts for up to 40% of a cannabis extract. (Borgelt L M, et al., (2013), Pharmacotherapy, 33 (2): 195-209; Aizpurua-Olaizola, Oier, et al., (2016), Journal of Natural Products, 79(2):324-331; Campos A C, et al., (2012), Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 367(1607):3364-78). CBD is also found and isolated from other plants such as, e.g., hemp.
  • CBD can also be produced and isolated by other methods of production including yeast manufacturing (see, WO2016/010827). CBD is presently used clinically in combination with ( ⁇ )-trans- ⁇ 9 -tetrahydocannabinol ( ⁇ 9 -THC) for treatment of neuropathic symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis (Morales et al., (2017) Front. Pharmacol. 8:1-18).
  • CBD is also being investigated as a single agent for use as a neuroprotective, treatment of hypoxia-ischemia events, addiction and uses as an anxiolytic, antipsychotic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, anti-epileptic and anti-cancer agent (Fasinu et al., (2016) Pharmacotherapy 36(7):781-796; Fanelli et al., (2017) J. Pain Res. 10:1217-1224; Morales et al., (2017) Front. Pharmacol. 8:1-18; and Devinsky et al., (2017) N Engl J Med 376(21): 2011-20).
  • Cocrystals are crystalline molecular complexes of two or more non-volatile compounds bound together in a crystal lattice by non-ionic interactions.
  • Pharmaceutical cocrystals are cocrystals of a therapeutic compound, e.g., an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), and one or more non-volatile compound(s) (referred to herein as coformer).
  • a coformer in a pharmaceutical cocrystal is typically a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable molecule, such as, for example, food additives, preservatives, pharmaceutical excipients, or other APIs.
  • a cocrystal of an API is a distinct chemical composition of the API and coformer(s) and generally possesses distinct crystallographic and spectroscopic properties when compared to those of the API and coformer(s) individually. Crystallographic and spectroscopic properties of crystalline forms are typically measured by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and single crystal X-ray crystallography, among other techniques. Cocrystals often also exhibit distinct thermal behavior. Thermal behavior is measured in the laboratory by such techniques as capillary melting point, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
  • TGA thermogravimetric analysis
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • cocrystals may possess more favorable solid state, physical, chemical, pharmaceutical and/or pharmacological properties or may be easier to process than known forms or formulations of the API.
  • a cocrystal may have different dissolution and/or solubility properties than the API, and can, therefore, be more effective in therapeutic delivery.
  • a cocrystal may also affect other pharmaceutical parameters such as storage stability, compressibility and density (useful in formulation and product manufacturing), permeability, and hydrophilic or lipophilic character.
  • New pharmaceutical compositions comprising a cocrystal of a given API, therefore, may have attractive or superior properties as compared to its natural state or existing drug formulations.
  • the disclosure relates to a solid form comprising cannabidiol and the coformer L-proline.
  • cannabidiol L-proline solid form has a molar ratio of cannabidiol to L-proline of about 1:1.
  • the solid form of cannabidiol L-proline is crystalline.
  • the solid form of cannabidiol L-proline is a cocrystal.
  • cannabidiol L-proline cocrystal is anhydrous.
  • cannabidiol L-proline cocrystal is cannabidiol L-proline Form A.
  • cannabidiol L-proline Form A has an x-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) comprising one or more peaks at 5.3, 5.8, 9.4, 10.7, 11.1, 11.4, 11.7, 12.3, 15.4, 15.8, 16.4, 17.3, 18.7, 19.2, 19.4, 20.0. 20.8, 21.3, 23.1, and 24.5 degrees 2 ⁇ 0.2.
  • XRPD x-ray diffraction pattern
  • cannabidiol L-proline Form A has an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially similar to FIG. 2 .
  • cannabidiol L-proline Form A has a DSC thermogram with a peak onset of approximately 146.4° C. or a peak maximum at about 147.8° C.
  • cannabidiol L-proline Form A has a DSC thermogram which is substantially similar to the DSC thermogram of FIG. 3 .
  • compositions comprising the aforementioned solid forms of cannabidiol L-proline.
  • compositions of the solid forms of cannabidiol L-proline further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.
  • Another aspect of the disclosure includes a solid form comprising cannabidiol and the coformer D-proline.
  • the solid form of cannabidiol and the coformer D-proline has a molar ratio of cannabidiol to D-proline is about 1:1.
  • the solid form of cannabidiol D-proline is crystalline.
  • solid form of cannabidiol D-Proline is a cocrystal.
  • cocrystal form of cannabidiol D-Proline is cannabidiol D-Proline cocrystal Form A.
  • the cocrystal is anhydrous.
  • cannabidiol D-Proline Form A has an x-ray diffraction pattern comprising one or more peaks at 5.2, 5.8, 9.4, 10.6, 11.2, 11.5, 12.4, 12.7, 15.3, 15.7, 16.4, 17.4, 18.7, 19.2, 19.4, 20.2, 20.7, 21.2, 23.3, 24.0, 24.6, 25.6, and 26.2 degrees 2 ⁇ 0.2.
  • cannabidiol D-Proline Form A has an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially similar to FIG. 7 .
  • cannabidiol D-Proline Form A has a DSC thermogram with a peak onset of approximately 154.3° C. or a peak maximum at about 155.5° C.
  • cannabidiol D-Proline Form A has a DSC thermogram which is substantially similar to the DSC thermogram of FIG. 8 .
  • compositions comprising the aforementioned solid forms of cannabidiol D-proline.
  • compositions of the solid forms of cannabidiol D-proline further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.
  • Another aspect of the disclosure are solid forms comprising cannabidiol and the coformer tetramethylpyrazine.
  • the cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine solid form is crystalline.
  • the cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine solid form has a molar ratio of cannabidiol to tetramethylpyrazine that is about 1:1.
  • the cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine solid form is a cocrystal.
  • the cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine cocrystal has an x-ray diffraction pattern comprising one or more peaks at about 9.1, 14.6, 18.3, and 19.6 degrees 2 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine cocrystal has an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially similar to FIG. 12 .
  • the cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine cocrystal has a DSC thermogram with a peak onset of approximately 89.9° C. or a peak maximum at about 92.8° C.
  • the cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine cocrystal has a DSC thermogram which is substantially similar to the DSC thermogram of FIG. 13
  • compositions comprising the aforementioned solid forms of cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine.
  • compositions of the solid forms of cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.
  • solid forms comprising cannabidiol and the coformer 4,4′dipyridyl.
  • the cannabidiol 4,4′dipyridyl solid form is crystalline.
  • the cannabidiol 4,4′dipyridyl solid form is a cocrystal.
  • the cannabidiol 4,4′dipyridyl solid form has a molar ratio of cannabidiol to 4,4′ dipyridyl that is about 1:1.
  • the cannabidiol 4,4′dipyridyl cocrystal is cannabidiol 4,4′ dipyridyl cocrystal Material A.
  • the cannabidiol 4,4′dipyridyl cocrystal Material A has an x-ray diffraction pattern comprising one or more peaks at about 4.4, 7.7, 8.9, 9.2, 12.0, 15.0, 15.5, 16.3, 17.9, 18.4, 18.6, 18.9, 19.6, 20.3, 20.6, 21.6, 22.6, and 25.6 degrees 2 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the cannabidiol 4,4′dipyridyl cocrystal Material A has an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially similar to FIG. 16 .
  • the cannabidiol 4,4′dipyridyl cocrystal Material A has a DSC thermogram with a peak onset of approximately 139.6° C. or a peak maximum at about 140.7° C.
  • the cannabidiol 4,4′ dipyridyl cocrystal Material A has a DSC thermogram which is substantially similar to the DSC thermogram of FIG. 17 .
  • Another aspect disclosed herein is a solid form cannabidiol 4,4′dipyridyl Material B.
  • cannabidiol 4,4′dipyridyl Material B has an x-ray diffraction pattern comprising peaks at about 7.7, 9.2, 10.6, 11.1, 11.9, 15.2, 16.2, 18.3, 19.6, 20.4, 20.8, 22.1, 22.3, 24.1 degrees 2 ⁇ 0.2 degrees 2 ⁇ 0.2.
  • cannabidiol 4,4′dipyridyl Material B has an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially similar to FIG. 21 .
  • compositions comprising the aforementioned solid forms of cannabidiol 4,4′ dipyridyl.
  • compositions of the solid forms of cannabidiol 4,4′dipyridyl further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.
  • Another aspect of the disclosure includes methods for treating a disease or condition amenable to treatment with cannabidiol comprising administering one or more of the aforementioned solid forms of cannabidiol to a subject in need of treatment.
  • the disease or condition is selected from: central nervous system disorders; cardiovascular disorders; neurovascular disorders, cancers (alone or with other cancer agents), such as, without limitation, solid tumors, e.g., anaplastic ependymoma, Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG), Glioblastoma multiforme, bladder, breast, head and neck, prostate, neuroendocrine, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung, colorectal pancreatic, ovarian; reducing adverse effects of other cancer treatments, cancer metastasis; autoimmunity; multiple sclerosis; multiple sclerosis-related muscle spasms; Parkinson's disease; psychosis; epilepsy (convulsions and seizures), including, without limitation, treatment-resistant epilepsy, epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex, Dravet syndrome, febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (Fires) in the acute and chronic phases, Sturge-Web
  • a claim may “comprise” an aspect or embodiment. In other aspects or embodiments, a claim may “consist of” an aspect or embodiment. In still other embodiments, a claim may “consist essentially of” an aspect or embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows an XRPD pattern of cannabidiol.
  • FIG. 2 shows an XRPD pattern of cannabidiol L-proline Form A.
  • FIG. 3 shows a differential scanning calorimetry thermogram for cannabidiol L-proline Form A.
  • FIG. 4 shows a thermogravimetric thermogram for cannabidiol L-proline Form A.
  • FIG. 5 shows an infrared spectrum of cannabidiol L-proline Form A.
  • FIG. 6 shows a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of cannabidiol L-Proline Form A.
  • FIG. 7 shows an XRPD pattern of cannabidiol D-proline cocrystal cannabidiol L-proline Form A.
  • FIG. 8 shows a differential scanning calorimetry thermogram for cannabidiol D-proline cocrystal Form A.
  • FIG. 9 shows a thermogravimetric thermogram for cannabidiol D-proline cocrystal Form A.
  • FIG. 10 shows an infrared spectrum of cannabidiol D-proline cocrystal Form A.
  • FIG. 11 shows a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of cannabidiol D-proline cocrystal Form A.
  • FIG. 12 shows an XRPD pattern for cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine cocrystal.
  • FIG. 13 shows a differential scanning calorimetry thermogram for cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine cocrystal.
  • FIG. 14 shows an infrared spectrum of cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine cocrystal.
  • FIG. 15 shows a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine cocrystal.
  • FIG. 16 shows an XRPD pattern for cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl cocrystal Material A.
  • FIG. 17 shows a differential scanning calorimetry thermogram for cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl cocrystal.
  • FIG. 18 shows a thermogravimetric thermogram for cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl cocrystal.
  • FIG. 19 shows an infrared spectrum of cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl cocrystal.
  • FIG. 20 shows a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl cocrystal.
  • FIG. 21 shows an XRPD pattern for cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl cocrystal Material B.
  • CBD Cannabidiol
  • cocrystal forms of cannabidiol wherein the coformers comprise 5-6 member rings comprised of carbon and nitrogen atoms, wherein the rings can be saturated or unsaturated, and wherein the rings contain one or two nitrogen atoms per ring.
  • the rings can be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the cannabidiol:L-proline cocrystal is produced as a mixture with CBD when a 2:1 ratio is used.
  • the cannabidiol:L-proline Form A cocrystal is anhydrous.
  • the XRPD pattern corresponding to cannabidiol starting material used herein is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the XRPD pattern corresponding to cannabidiol L-proline (Form A) is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the XPRD pattern of FIG. 2 differs from the XRPD patterns of cannabidiol starting material shown in FIG. 1 .
  • An XRPD pattern substantially the same as the pattern of FIG. 2 may be used to characterize cannabidiol L-proline Form A.
  • a smaller subset of the peaks identified in FIG. 2 may be used to characterize cannabidiol:L-proline Form A.
  • any one or more of the peaks identified at about °2 ⁇ may be used to characterize cannabidiol:L-proline Form A.
  • the term “about” when used in reference to x-ray powder diffraction pattern peak positions refers to the inherent variability of the peaks depending on, for example, the calibration of the equipment used, the process used to produce the polymorph, the age of the crystallized material and the like, depending on the instrumentation used. In this case the measure variability of the instrument was about ⁇ 0.2 degrees 2 ⁇ . A person skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, would understand the use of “about” in this context.
  • the term “about” in reference to other defined parameters, e.g., water content, DSC, TGA, IR, NMR, intrinsic dissolution rates, temperature, and time indicates the inherent variability in, for example, measuring the parameter or achieving the parameter. A person skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, would understand the variability of a parameter as connoted by the use of the word about.
  • substantially the same in reference to a form exhibiting characteristics similar to, for example, an XRPD pattern, an IR spectrum, a Raman spectrum, a DSC thermogram, TGA thermogram, NMR, SSNMR, etc., indicates that the cocrystal is identifiable by that method and could range from similar to substantially the same, so long as the material is identified by the method with variations expected by one of skill in the art according to the experimental variations, including, for example, instruments used, time of day, humidity, season, pressure, room temperature, etc.
  • Cannabidiol L-proline Form A may be characterized by its thermal characteristics.
  • FIG. 3 is a DSC thermogram of Cannabidiol L-proline Form A and shows a single sharp endotherm with an onset at about 146.4° C. and peak maximum at about 147.8° C. No significant weight loss is observed in the TGA thermogram up to the melt ( FIG. 4 ).
  • Cannabidiol L-proline Form A may be characterized by DSC alone or in combination with its XRPD diffraction pattern of FIG. 2 or one or more of the peaks set forth herein.
  • Cannabidiol L-proline Form A may be characterized by the FT-IR spectrum in FIG. 5 .
  • the entire FT-IR spectrum may be used to characterize Form A, or a subset thereof.
  • any one of the peaks at about 3450 or 2900, or others may be used alone or in combination to characterize Cannabidiol L-proline Form A.
  • D-proline Disclosed herein is a cocrystal of cannabidiol:D-proline in a molar ratio of about 1:1 cannabidiol:D-proline.
  • the structure of D-proline is shown in Formula III.
  • the XRPD pattern corresponding to the coformer D-proline is shown FIG. 7 .
  • the XPRD pattern of cannabidiol:D-proline in FIG. 7 differs from cannabidiol starting material of FIG. 1 , and Cannabidiol L-proline Form A ( FIG. 2 ).
  • a pattern substantially the same as the XRPD pattern of cannabidiol D-proline as shown in FIG. 7 may be used to characterize the cocrystal of cannabidiol D-proline Form A.
  • a smaller subset of the peaks identified in FIG. 7 may be used to characterize the cocrystal of cannabidiol D-proline Form A.
  • any one or more of the peaks identified at about °2 ⁇ may be used to characterize cannabidiol D-proline Form A.
  • Cannabidiol D-proline Form A may be characterized by its thermal characteristics.
  • FIG. 8 is a DSC thermogram of Cannabidiol D-proline Form A and shows a single sharp endotherm with an onset at about 154.3° C. and peak maximum at about 155.5° C. No significant weight loss is observed in the TGA thermogram up to the melt ( FIG. 9 ).
  • Cannabidiol D-proline Form A may be characterized by DSC alone or in combination with its XRPD diffraction pattern of FIG. 7 or one or more of the peaks set forth herein.
  • Cannabidiol D-proline Form A may be characterized by the FT-IR spectrum in FIG. 10 .
  • the entire FT-IR spectrum may be used to characterize Cannabidiol D-proline Form A, or a subset thereof.
  • a cocrystal of cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine in a about a molar ratio of 1:1 cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine Disclosed herein is a cocrystal of cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine in a about a molar ratio of 1:1 cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine.
  • the structure of tetramethylpyrazine is shown in Formula IV.
  • the XRPD pattern corresponding to the coformer tetramethylpyrazine is shown FIG. 12 .
  • the XPRD pattern of cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine in FIG. 12 differs from cannabidiol as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • a pattern substantially the same as the pattern of cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine shown in FIG. 12 may be used to characterize the cocrystal of cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine.
  • a smaller subset of the peaks identified in FIG. 12 for cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine may be used to characterize the cocrystal of cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine. For example, any one or more of the peaks at about 9.1, 14.6, 18.3, and 19.6 degrees 2 ⁇ 0.2.
  • Cannabidiol:tetramethylpyrazine may be characterized by its thermal characteristics.
  • FIG. 13 is a DSC thermogram of cannabidiol:tetramethylpyrazine and shows a single sharp endotherm with an onset at about 89.9° C. and peak maximum at about 92.8° C.
  • Cannabidiol:tetramethylpyrazine may be characterized by DSC alone or in combination with its XRPD diffraction pattern of FIG. 12 or one or more of the peaks set forth herein.
  • the XRPD pattern corresponding to the cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material A is shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the XPRD pattern of cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material A in FIG. 16 differs from the XRPD pattern of cannabidiol starting material FIG. 1 .
  • a pattern substantially the same as the pattern of cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material A shown in FIG. 16 may be used to characterize the cocrystal of cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material A.
  • a smaller subset of the peaks identified for cannabidiol:4,4′-dipyridyl in FIG. 16 may be used to characterize the cocrystal of cannabidiol:4,4′-dipyridyl Material A.
  • any one or more of the peaks identified at about °2 ⁇ may be used to characterize the cocrystal of cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material A.
  • cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material B a unique crystalline material, designated cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material B, resulted after cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material A was exposed to 95% RH for 1 week at RT.
  • the XRPD pattern corresponding to cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material B is shown in FIG. 21 .
  • the XPRD pattern of cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material B in FIG. 21 differs from the XRPD pattern of cannabidiol starting material FIG. 1 .
  • a pattern substantially the same as the pattern of cannabidiol:4,4′-dipyridyl shown in FIG. 21 may be used to characterize the cocrystal of cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material B.
  • a smaller subset of the peaks identified for cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material B in FIG. 21 may be used to characterize the cocrystal of cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material B.
  • any one or more of the peaks identified at about °2 ⁇ may be used to characterize the cocrystal of cannabidiol:4,4′-dipyridyl Material B.
  • the term “subject” refers to an animal, typically a human (i.e., a male or female of any age group, e.g., a pediatric patient (e.g., infant, child, adolescent) or adult patient (e.g., young adult, middle-aged adult or senior adult) or other mammal, such as a primate (e.g., cynomolgus monkey, rhesus monkey); other mammals such as rodents (mice, rats), cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, cats, dogs; and/or birds, that will be or has been the object of treatment, observation, and/or experiment.
  • a human i.e., a male or female of any age group, e.g., a pediatric patient (e.g., infant, child, adolescent) or adult patient (e.g., young adult, middle-aged adult or senior adult) or other mammal, such as a primate (e.g.,
  • Terms such as “treating” or “treatment” or “to treat” or “alleviating” or “to alleviate” or to “ameliorate” refer to both 1) therapeutic measures that cure, slow down, lessen symptoms of, and/or halt progression of a diagnosed pathologic condition or disorder and 2) prophylactic or preventative measures that prevent and/or slow the development of a targeted pathologic condition or disorder.
  • those in need of treatment include those already with the disorder; those prone to have the disorder; and those in whom the disorder is to be prevented.
  • therapeutically effective amount refers to that amount of an embodiment of the composition or pharmaceutical composition being administered that will relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms of the disease or condition being treated, and/or that amount that will prevent, to some extent, one or more of the symptoms of the condition or disease that the subject being treated has or is at risk of developing.
  • the dosage of the cannabidiol cocrystal to the patient can depend on the disease state or particular condition of the patient, as well as other clinical factors (e.g., weight and condition of the human or animal and the route of administration of the cannabidiol).
  • the cannabidiol cocrystal can be administered between several times per day to a single treatment protocol.
  • the cannabidiol cocrystal can be delivered according to the disclosed processes either acutely, during a one-time intervention, or chronically, for instance using multiple administrations or optionally a single administration of a timed or sustained releases system.
  • the cannabidiol cocrystal can be administered to the patient via a drug delivery vehicle, such as a sustained release drug delivery vehicle.
  • the present disclosure has application for both human and veterinary use.
  • the methods of the present invention contemplate single as well as multiple administrations, given either simultaneously or over an extended period of time.
  • the cannabidiol cocrystal can be administered in conjunction with other forms of therapy.
  • the cannabidiol cocrystal can be provided as a pharmaceutical composition using formulation methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. These formulations can generally be administered by standard routes, such as non-parenterally, for example, buccally, sublingually, transdermally, via inhalation, or rectally. In other embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is administered by direct injection into the subject, for example, parenterally, such as by injection or infusion. Still further the pharmaceutical composition can be administered by oral administration (e.g., in a pill, capsule form, as part of food, e.g. candy etc.).
  • a “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a preparation of one or more of the active ingredients described herein with other chemical components such as physiologically suitable carriers and excipients.
  • the purpose of a pharmaceutical composition is to facilitate administration of a compound to an organism.
  • compositions of the present invention can include additional agents, in addition to the cannabidiol cocrystal.
  • agents can be active agents, providing direct benefit to the patient in addition to the treatment of condition provided by the cannabidiol cocrystal, or may be supporting agents, improving delivery, compatibility, or reactivity of other agents in the composition.
  • compositions for parenteral delivery, e.g., via injection, of cannabidiol crystal can include pharmaceutically acceptable sterile aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions as well as sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions just prior to use.
  • suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers, diluents, solvents or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and the like), carboxymethylcellulose and suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils (e.g., olive oil) and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate.
  • compositions can contain minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents and the like that can enhance the effectiveness of the cannabidiol cocrystal.
  • auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents and the like that can enhance the effectiveness of the cannabidiol cocrystal.
  • Proper fluidity may be maintained, for example, by the use of coating materials such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions and by the use of surfactants.
  • These compositions may also include antioxidants, preservatives, wetting agents, emulsifying agents and dispersing agents.
  • antibacterial and antifungal agents such as paraben, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid and the like. It may also be desirable to include isotonic agents such as sugars, sodium chloride and the like.
  • compositions can include pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the components therein, e.g., those that may be derived from inorganic or organic acids.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge, et al. describes pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences (1977) 66:1 et seq., which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the acid addition salts that are formed with inorganic acids such as, for example, hydrochloric or phosphoric acids, or such organic acids as acetic, tartaric, mandelic and the like.
  • Salts formed with free carboxyl groups can also be derived from inorganic bases such as, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium or ferric hydroxides, and such organic bases as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine and the like.
  • inorganic bases such as, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium or ferric hydroxides, and such organic bases as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine and the like.
  • organic bases as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine and the like.
  • the salts may be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the cannabidiol or separately via reaction of a free base function with a suitable organic acid.
  • Representative acid addition salts include, but are not limited to acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptonoate, hexanoate, fumarate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxymethanesulfonate (isethionate), lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, nicotinate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartate, thiocyanate, phosphate, glutamate, bicarbonate, p-toluenesulfonate and undecanoate.
  • the basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates; long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; arylalkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are thereby obtained.
  • lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides
  • dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates
  • long chain halides such as dec
  • a sustained-release matrix can include a matrix made of materials, usually polymers, which are degradable by enzymatic or acid/base hydrolysis or by dissolution. Once located within the subject, such a matrix can be acted upon by enzymes and body fluids.
  • the sustained-release matrix can be chosen from biocompatible materials such as liposomes, polylactides (polylactic acid), polyglycolide (polymer of glycolic acid), polylactide co-glycolide (co-polymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid) polyanhydrides, poly(ortho)esters, polyproteins, hyaluronic acid, collagen, chondroitin sulfate, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, phospholipids, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, polyamino acids, amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine, polynucleotides, polyvinyl propylene, polyvinylpyrrolidone and silicone.
  • biocompatible materials such as liposomes, polylactides (polylactic acid), polyglycolide (polymer of glycolic acid), polylactide co-glycolide (co-polymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid) polyanhydrides,
  • compositions can generally be in the form of a pyrogen-free, parenterally acceptable aqueous solution.
  • parenterally acceptable solutions having proper pH, isotonicity, stability, and the like, is within the skill in the art.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for intravenous, cutaneous, or subcutaneous injection can contain, an isotonic vehicle such as Sodium Chloride Injection, Ringer's Injection, Dextrose Injection, Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, Lactated Ringer's Injection, or other vehicle as known in the art.
  • the treatment composition may also contain stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, or other additives known to those of skill in the art.
  • Indexing is the process of determining the size and shape of the crystallographic unit cell given the peak positions in a diffraction pattern. The term gets its name from the assignment of Miller index labels to individual peaks.
  • XRPD indexing serves several purposes. If all of the peaks in a pattern are indexed by a single unit cell, this is strong evidence that the sample contains a single crystalline phase. Given the indexing solution, the unit cell volume may be calculated directly and can be useful to determine their solvation states. Indexing is also a robust description of a crystalline form and provides a concise summary of all available peak positions for that phase at a particular thermodynamic state point. Indexing of XRPD pattern was done using TRIADS software (see U.S. Pat. No. 8,576,985). Space groups consistent with the assigned extinction symbol, unit cell parameters, and derived quantities are tabulated in the respective figures providing the indexing solution for each form.
  • Samples were observed under a stereomicroscope with a first order red compensator with crossed polarizers at 0.8 ⁇ to 10 ⁇ objectives.
  • the solution NMR spectrum was acquired with an Agilent DD2-400 spectrometerat a 1 H Larmor frequency of 399.82 MHz.
  • the sample was dissolved in deuterated chloroform.
  • the spectrum was acquired with 1 H pulse widths of 6.6 ⁇ s, a 2.5 second delay between scans, spectral widths of 6410.3 with 64102 data points, and 40 co-added scans.
  • the free induction decay was processed using Varian VNMR 6.1C software with 262144 points and an exponential line broadening factor of 0.2 Hz to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
  • XRPD patterns were collected with a PANalytical X'Pert PRO MPD diffractometer using an incident beam of Cu radiation produced using an Optix long, fine-focus source.
  • An elliptically graded multilayer mirror was used to focus Cu K ⁇ X-rays through the specimen and onto the detector.
  • a silicon specimen NIST SRM 640e was analyzed to verify the observed position of the Si 111 peak is consistent with the NIST-certified position.
  • a specimen of the sample was sandwiched between 3- ⁇ m-thick films and analyzed in transmission geometry.
  • a beam-stop, short antiscatter extension, antiscatter knife edge, were used to minimize the background generated by air.
  • Soller slits for the incident and diffracted beams were used to minimize broadening from axial divergence. Diffraction patterns were collected using a scanning position-sensitive detector (X'Celerator) located 240 mm from the specimen and Data Collector software v. 2.2b. The data acquisition parameters for each pattern are displayed above the image in the Data section of this report including the divergence slit (DS) before the mirror.
  • X'Celerator scanning position-sensitive detector located 240 mm from the specimen
  • Data Collector software v. 2.2b.
  • the data acquisition parameters for each pattern are displayed above the image in the Data section of this report including the divergence slit (DS) before the mirror.
  • thermogram analysis was performed using a TA Instruments 2920 differential scanning calorimeter. Temperature calibration was performed using NIST-traceable indium metal. The sample was placed into an aluminum DSC pan, covered with a lid, and the weight was accurately recorded. A weighed aluminum pan configured as the sample pan was placed on the reference side of the cell. The data acquisition parameters and pan configuration for each thermogram are displayed in the image in the Data section of this report.
  • the method code on the thermogram is an abbreviation for the start and end temperature as well as the heating rate; e.g., ⁇ 30-250-10 means “from ⁇ 30° C. to 250° C., at 10° C./min”.
  • TG analysis was performed using a TA Instruments Discovery thermogravimetric analyzer with an IR furnace. Temperature calibration was performed using nickel and AlumelTM. Each sample was placed in an aluminum pan. The sample was hermetically sealed, the lid pierced, then inserted into the TG furnace. The furnace was heated under nitrogen. The data acquisition parameters for each thermogram are displayed in the image in the Data section of this report. The acquisition scan rate is recorded in the thermogram header, while the heating range can be determined from the individual plot.
  • Cannabidiol was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and 1 H NMR spectroscopy.
  • the XRPD pattern of the starting material ( FIG. 1 ) is composed of a crystalline material and compares favorably with the calculated XRPD pattern from the single crystal data for cannabidiol (Refcode: CANDOM10) in the Cambridge Structural Database).
  • a cocrystal screen of cannabidiol was performed using primarily pharmaceutically acceptable coformers. Sixty-eight (68) experiments targeting cocrystals of cannabidiol were conducted using 34 coformers. Cannabidiol is reported to be highly chemically reactive (Mechoulam, R. and Janus, L, Cannabidiol: an overview of some chemical and pharmacological aspects. Part I; chemical aspects (2002) Chem Phys Lipids 121(1-2):35-43).
  • cannabidiol in base in the presence of oxygen is reported to oxidize to monomeric and dimeric hydroquinones (id.)
  • the anions of the oxidized compound have a deep violet color and is the basis of the Beam reaction used for the identification of cannabis (id.).
  • Attempts to form cocrystals of cannabidiol with pharmaceutically acceptable bases such as imidazole to potentially exploit the O—H . . . N hydrogen bond resulted in discoloration of the solution, possibly as a result of the Beam reaction.
  • the pKa's of the bases used were taken into consideration in tailoring experimental conditions. Compounds that were less basic such as those containing aromatic nitrogen were evaluated to exploit the O—H . . .
  • cannabidiol L-proline Form A cannabidiol L-proline Form A
  • cannabidiol D-proline Form A cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine Material A
  • cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material A cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material A
  • 4,4′-dipyridyl Material B a unique crystalline material, designated 4,4′-dipyridyl Material B, resulted after cannabidiol 4,4′ Material A was exposed to 95% relative humidity (RH) for 1 week at room temperature (RT).
  • the XRPD pattern of the sample resulting from the evaporation experiment targeting a 1:1 cocrystal of cannabidiol and L-proline was successfully indexed. Successful indexing indicates the material is composed primarily or exclusively of a single crystalline phase. The indexed volume is consistent with a cannabidiol: L-proline 1:1 cocrystal with possible water or methanol present.
  • the 1 H NMR spectrum of the sample contained cannabidiol and L-proline in an approximate 1:1 mole ratio suggesting a cannabidiol L-proline 1:1 cocrystal ( FIG. 6 ).
  • the DSC thermogram shows a single sharp endotherm with an onset at about 146.4° C. and peak maximum at 147.8° C. ( FIG. 3 ). No significant weight loss is observed in the TGA thermogram suggesting the sample is likely unsolvated/anhydrous. Approximately 0.1 weight % loss is observed between about 28° C. and 160° C. (beyond the melt) ( FIG. 4 ).
  • aqueous solubility of cannabidiol L-proline Form A was estimated to be ⁇ 1 mg/ml using an aliquot addition method.
  • Cannabidiol L-proline Form A was stored at about 2-8° C. for about 15 weeks, and the sample was analyzed by XRPD. No change in physical form was observed after storage based on XRPD (data not shown).
  • Cannabidiol (87.76 mg, 0.28 mmol) and L-proline (33.8, 0.29 mmol) mg was dissolved in methanol (350 ⁇ L) at room temperature (RT). The clear solution was stirred at RT for approximately 3 hours. The solution was allowed to evaporate under nitrogen for 1 day.
  • Cannabidiol D-Proline Form A was produced under two conditions: solvent assisted grinding of cannabidiol and D-proline with MeOH produced a unique material by XRPD ( FIG. 7 ); and evaporation of a MeOH solution containing equimolar amounts of cannabidiol and D-proline. Characterization of cannabidiol D-proline Form A is presented in Table 5.
  • aqueous solubility of cannabidiol D-proline Form A was estimated to be ⁇ 1 mg/ml using an aliquot addition method.
  • Cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine Material A was isolated as a disordered material from solvent assisted grinding of equimolar amounts of cannabidiol and tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in a 1:1 with MeOH.
  • TMP cannabidiol and tetramethylpyrazine
  • a second solvent assisted grinding experiment containing cannabidiol and TMP in a 1:2 mole ratio resulted in the same disordered material with additional peaks present.
  • Solids isolated from the experiment containing equimolar amount of cannabidiol and TMP were analyze by XRPD ( FIG. 12 ), 1 H NMR, DSC, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Additionally, a visual estimate of the aqueous solubility was conducted and solids of cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine Material A were exposed to 95% RH then analyzed by XRPD.
  • the 1 H NMR spectrum of the sample is consistent with the chemical structure of cannabidiol and contains approximately 0.9 mole TMP per mole of cannabidiol ( FIG. 15 ). No decomposition of cannabidiol is observed based on the 1 H NMR data.
  • the DSC thermogram of cannabidiol TMP Material A shows a single sharp endotherm with an onset at 90° C. and a peak maximum at 93° C., likely attributed to the melting of the cocrystal ( FIG. 13 ).
  • the aqueous solubility of cannabidiol TMP Material A was estimated to be ⁇ 1 mg/mL using an aliquot addition method.
  • Cannabidiol (51.0 mg, 0.16 mmol) and tetramethylpyrazine (22.1 mg, 0.16 mmol) were combined and contacted with a small quantity of MeOH producing a thick paste.
  • the sample was lightly ground in an agate mortar/pestle and generated a white powder. Solids were collected and analyzed.
  • TMP cannabidiol tetramethylpyrazine
  • Cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material A was identified from solvent assisted grinding experiments involving cannabidiol with equimolar amounts as well as two molar equivalents of 4,4-dipyridyl in the presence of MeOH (XRPD, FIG. 16 ). Characterization of cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material A is summarized in Table 7.
  • the 1 H NMR spectrum of the sample is consistent with the chemical structure of cannabidiol and is generally consistent with cannabidiol and 4,4′-dipyridyl in an approximately 1:0.9 mole ratio ( FIG. 20 ). No decomposition of cannabidiol is observed based on the 1 H NMR data.
  • the DSC thermogram exhibits a broad feature at 114.8° C. (peak max), followed by a sharp endotherm at 140.7° C. (peak max) that is likely due to melting ( FIG. 17 ). No significant weight loss is observed in the TGA thermogram upon heating up to the likely melt ( FIG. 18 ).
  • the aqueous solubility of cannabidiol 4,4′-dipyridyl Material A was estimated to be ⁇ 1 mg/mL using an aliquot addition method.
  • Cannabidiol (55.4 mg, 0.18 mmol) and 4,4′-dipyridyl (27.4 mg, 0.18 mmol) were combined and contacted with a small quantity of MeOH producing a thick paste.
  • the sample was lightly ground in an agate mortar/pestle and generated a white powder. Solids were collected and analyzed.

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