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  • C07D263/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D263/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D263/18—Oxygen atoms
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  • A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
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  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/4985—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
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  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
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  • A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
  • A61K31/541—Non-condensed thiazines containing further heterocyclic rings
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  • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
  • A61K31/553—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as ring hetero atoms, e.g. loxapine, staurosporine
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  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel oxazolidinone compounds useful for the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly mycobacterial infections.
• the invention also relates to methods of use of oxazolidinone compounds for the treatment of mycobacterial infections such as those caused by Mycobacteria tuberculosis.
• Mycobacterium is a genus of bacterium, neither truly gram-positive nor truly gram-negative, including pathogens responsible for tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis ) and leprosy ( M. leprae ).
• Tuberculosis (TB) in particular, despite the availability of anti-TB drugs such as isoniazide and rifampin, is considered to be one of the world's deadliest diseases. According to World Health Organization, in 2012, there were 8.6 million new TB cases and 1.3 million TB deaths. See, Global tuberculosis report 2013 published by the World Health Organization. Complicating the TB epidemic is the rising tide of multi-drug-resistant strains, and the deadly association with HIV.
• Mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis are increasingly found in opportunistic infections that plague the AIDS patient.
• Enormous numbers of MAC are found (up to 1010 acid-fast bacilli per gram of tissue), and consequently, the prognosis for the infected AIDS patient is poor.
• Oxazolidinones are a class of compounds containing 2-oxazolidone, a 5-membered ring containing nitrogen and oxygen, which are used as antimicrobials. See, e.g. WO 2009157423.
• oxazolidinones are known to be monoamine oxidase inhibitors and to have activity against gram-positive microrganisms.
• WO 2006022794 Suzuki et al., Med. Chem. Lett. 4:1074-1078 (2013), Yang et al., J. Med. Chem. 58:6389-6409 (2015), Shaw et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.
• oxazolidinone antibiotics have been approved or are in clinical trials for the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus .
• examples of oxazolidinone antibiotics include linezolid (ZyvoxTM, Pfizer Inc., New York, N.Y.) and tedizolid (SivextroTM, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, N.J.). Tedizolid is used to treat acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by specific susceptible gram-positive bacteria.
• Linezolid is indicated for the treatment of several infections caused by susceptible strains of gram-positive microorganisms including nosocomial pneumonia, complicated skin and skin structure infections, and community-acquired pneumonia.
• MDR multi-drug resistant
• XDR extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• the present invention is directed to certain novel oxazolidinone compounds which have antibacterial activity.
• the compounds, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be useful, for example, for the treatment of bacterial infections, for example, mycobacterial infections. More particularly, the present invention includes compounds of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
• R 1 is —CH 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —CH 2 NR 2 COR 3 , —CH 2 NR 2 COOR 3 , —CH 2 NR 2 CON(R 2 ) 2 , —CH 2 NR 2 CONR 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —CH 2 NR 2 SO 2 R 3 , —CON(R 2 ) 2 , —C ⁇ NOR 3 , —CH 2 OR 4 , —CH 2 NR 2 R 4 , or —CH 2 R 6 ;
• each occurrence of R 2 is independently selected from H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl, said C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, and said C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl can be optionally substituted with up to four substituents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, NH 2 , NHCH 3 , and N(CH 3 ) 2 ;
• R 3 is H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl, said C 2 -C 6 alkenyl and said C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl can be optionally substituted with up to four substituents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, NH 2 , NHCH 3 , and N(CH 3 ) 2 ;
• R 4 is a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle, which is optionally substituted with R 5 ;
• R 5 is selected from H, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 alkenyl, and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl, said C 3 -C 6 alkenyl, and said C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl can be optionally substituted with up to four substitutents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, NH 2 , NHCH 3 , and N(CH 3 ) 2 ;
• R 6 is H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or a 5-membered heterocycle, wherein said 5-membered heterocycle is optionally substituted with up to two R 7 ;
• R 7 is H, halogen, oxo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl and said C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl can be optionally substituted with from one to four substituents which are independently selected from halogen, OCH 3 , OH, NH 2 , NHCH 3 , and N(CH 3 ) 2 ;
• E is a 6-membered aryl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl containing from one to three heteratoms independently selected from S, O, and N, wherein said aryl and said heteroaryl are optionally substituted with up to four substituents, which are independently selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —CHF 2 , —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 NHCOCH 3 , —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OH, —O—(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl;
• A is a heterocycle optionally substituted with up to four R 8 , or an aryl substituted with up to four R 8 ;
• each occurrence of R 8 is independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, benzyl, —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OR 3 , ⁇ O, —CN, —NO 2 , —SR 3 , —SF 5 , —SCF 3 , —SOR 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —S( ⁇ O)( ⁇ NH)R 2 , —N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 COR 3 , —SO 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 SO 2 R 3 , —COOH, —COR 9 , —COOR 3 , —CON(R 2 ) 2 , and —C(R 9 ) 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalky
• each occurrence of R 9 is independently selected from H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
• the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating a bacterial infection in a subject, particularly an M. tuberculosis infection, comprising an oxazolidinone compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.
• the Compounds of Formula (I) can be useful, for example, for inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and/or for treating or preventing tuberculosis in a patient.
• Oxazolidinone Compounds of the invention for the treatment of tuberculosis are likely to cause less myelosuppression than known oxazolidinone compounds such as linezolid because they are not associated with a high degree of inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis (see Example 65).
• Oxazolidinone Compounds of the invention are more selective than known oxazolidinone compounds, with weaker Gram-positive antibacterial activity and high potency against M. tuberculosis.
• the present invention is also directed to 1) methods of treating tuberculosis in a subject in need of treatment thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an oxazolidinone compound; and 2) uses of an oxazolidinone compound for the treatment of tuberculosis.
• Oxazolidinones were originally developed for use in treating gram-positive bacterial infections, particularly, methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections. As shown in the Examples, in vitro testing of the oxazolidinone compounds of Formula I revealed such compounds had excellent potency in inhibiting the growth of Mycobacteria tuberculosis, but did not have strong Gram positive antibacterial activity. Additionally, Oxazolidinone Compounds of the invention are not associated with a high degree of mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibition.
• compounds of Formula I and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are expected to be useful for the treatment of mycobacterial tuberculosis (Mtb), yet not lead to the side effects such as myelosuppression that are associated with with the oxazolidinone linezolid, which is approved for treatment of Gram-positive infections. Therefore, such compounds would have significant advantages over linezolid and analogs as Mtb therapeutic agents.
• the present invention includes compounds of Formula I:
• A, E, and R 1 are defined above for the Compounds of Formula (I); wherein the compounds may be suitable for use for the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly mycobacterial infections.
• a first embodiment of the invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is an aryl optionally substituted with up to four R 8 ; and wherein all other variables are as originally defined (i.e. as defined in Formula I in the Summary of the Invention).
• A is a 5-membered aryl. In a further sub-embodiment, A is a 6-membered aryl. In still further sub-embodiments, A is a 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-, or 14-membered aryl.
• a second embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is a heteroaryl, wherein from 1 to 4 of the ring atoms is independently O, N, or S and the remaining ring atoms are carbon atoms, and all other variables are as defined in the Summary of the Invention.
• A is a 5-membered heteroaryl containing one heteroatom.
• A is a 5-membered heteroaryl containing two heteroatoms.
• A is a 5-membered heteroaryl containing three heteroatoms.
• A is a 5-membered heteroaryl containing four heteroatoms.
• A is a 6-membered heteroaryl containing one heteroatom.
• A is a 6-membered heteroaryl containing two heteroatoms.
• A is a 6-membered heteroaryl containing three heteroatoms.
• A is a 6-membered heteroaryl containing four heteroatoms.
• A is a 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-, or 14-membered heteroaryl containing from one to four heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S.
• a third embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is a monocyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring optionally substituted with up to four R 8 , wherein from 1 to 4 of the ring atoms is independently O, N, or S and the remaining ring atoms are carbon atoms, and all other variables are as defined in the Summary of the Invention.
• A is a 5-membered monocyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring containing one heteroatom.
• A is a 5-membered monocyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring containing two heteroatoms.
• A is a 5-membered monocyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring containing three heteroatoms.
• A is a 5-membered monocyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring containing four heteroatoms.
• A is a 6-membered monocyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring containing one heteroatom.
• A is a 6-membered monocyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring containing two heteroatoms.
• A is a 6-membered monocyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring containing three heteroatoms.
• A is a 6-membered monocyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring containing four heteroatoms.
• a fourth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is a bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring system, optionally substituted with up to four R 8 , wherein from 1 to 4 of the ring atoms is independently O, N, or S and the remaining ring atoms are carbon atoms, and all other variables are as defined in the Summary of the Invention.
• A is a bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring system containing one heteroatom.
• A is a bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring system containing two heteroatoms.
• A is a bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring system containing three heteroatoms.
• A is a bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated ring system containing four heteroatoms.
• Embodiments E1-E4 and sub-embodiments of Embodiments E1-E4 A is optionally substituted with up to four occurrences of R 8 .
• A is substituted with four occurrences of R 8 , which are as originally defined.
• A is substituted with three occurrences of R 8 .
• A is substituted with two occurrences of R 8 .
• A is substituted with a single occurrence of R 8 .
• A is unsubstituted.
• a fifth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 8 represents up to four optional substituents, which can be the same or different.
• A is substituted with four occurrences of R 8 .
• A is substituted with three occurrences of R 8 .
• A is substituted with two occurrences of R 8 .
• A is substituted with a single occurrence of R 8 .
• A is unsubstituted.
• a sixth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is selected from the group consisting of:
• n is 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• each occurrence of R 8 is independently selected from H, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, benzyl, —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OR 3 , ⁇ O, —CN, —NO 2 , —SR 3 , —SF 5 , —SCF 3 , —SOR 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —S( ⁇ O)( ⁇ NH)R 2 , —N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 COR 3 , —SO 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 SO 2 R 3 , —COOH, —COR 9 , —COOR 3 , —CON(R 2 ) 2 , and —C(R 9 ) 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cyclo
• R 10 is selected from H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl and said C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with from one to four substituents, which are independently selected from F, —OCH 3 , —OH, NH 2 , NHCH 3 , and N(CH 3 ) 2 ;
• R 11 is selected from H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, —COR 9 , —COOR 5 , —CON(R 9 ) 2 , and —SO 2 R 9 ;
• each occurrence of R 12 is independently selected from H, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, benzyl, —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OR 3 , —CN, —NO 2 , —SR 3 , —SF 5 , —SCF 3 , —SOR 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —S( ⁇ O)( ⁇ NH)R 2 , —N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 COR 3 , —SO 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 SO 2 R 3 , —COOH, —COR 9 , —COOR 3 , —CON(R 2 ) 2 , and —C(R 9 ) 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and benzyl are optionally substituted with up to
• R 13 is selected from H, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, benzyl, —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OR 3 , —CN, —NO 2 , —SR 3 , —SF 5 , —SCF 3 , —SOR 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —S( ⁇ O)( ⁇ NH)R 2 , —N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 COR 3 , —SO 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 SO 2 R 3 , —COOH, —COR 9 , —COOR 3 , —CON(R 2 ) 2 , and —C(R 9 ) 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and benzyl are optionally substituted with up to four F, —
• W is selected from O, S, SO, SO 2 , and S( ⁇ O)( ⁇ NH);
• each occurrence of R 8 is independently selected from halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, benzyl, —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OR 3 , ⁇ O, —CN, —NO 2 , —SR 3 , —SF 5 , —SCF 3 , —SOR 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —S( ⁇ CH 2 )C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —S( ⁇ O)( ⁇ NH)R 2 , —N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 COR 3 , —SO 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 SO 2 R 3 , —COOH, —COR 9 , —COOR 3 , —CON(R 2 )
• one or more occurrences of R 8 is selected from: —H, —OH, —CN, —CH 3 , —CH 2 NH 2 , —CONH 2 , C(CH 3 ) 2 OH, —COOC(CH 3 ) 2 CH 3 , —SCH 3 , —OCH 3 , —Cl, —F, —CHF 2 , ⁇ O, -cyclopropyl, NO 2 , —NHSO 2 CH 3 , —SO 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , —S( ⁇ O)( ⁇ NH)CH 3 , —SO 2 CH 3 , —SOCH 3 , and —SO 2 NH 2 .
• one or more occurrences of R 8 is selected from:
• a seventh embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is a 6-membered aryl, wherein said aryl is optionally substituted with up to four substituents, which are independently selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —CHF 2 , —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 NHCOCH 3 , —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OH, —O—(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and all other variables are as defined in the Summary of the Invention.
• An eighth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is a 5-membered heteroaryl containing from one to three heteratoms independently selected from S, O, and N, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with up to four substituents, which are independently selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —CHF 2 , —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 NHCOCH 3 , —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OH, —O—(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and all other variables are as defined in the Summary of the Invention.
• a ninth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is a 6--membered heteroaryl containing from one to three heteratoms independently selected from S, O, and N, wherein said aryl is optionally substituted with up to four substituents, which are independently selected from halogen, —CN, —CF 3 , —CHF 2 , —CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 NHCOCH 3 , —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OH, —O—(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and all other variables are as defined in the Summary of the Invention.
• a tenth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is:
• An eleventh embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is:
• a twelfth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the summary of the invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is:
• a thirteenth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiments E7-E12, and R 1 is selected from —CH 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —CH 2 NR 2 COR 3 , —CH 2 NR 2 COOR 3 , —CH 2 NR 2 CON(R 2 ) 2 , —CH 2 NR 2 CONR 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —CH 2 NSO 2 R 3 , —CON(R 2 ) 2 , —C ⁇ NOR 3 , —CH 2 OR 4 , —CH 2 NR 2 R 4 , and —CH 2 R 6 .
• a fourteenth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 N(R 2 ) 2 .
• one occurrence of R 2 is H and one occurrence of R 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl is optionally substituted with up to four substitutents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , and —N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• one occurrence of R 2 is H and one occurrence of R 2 is C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, wherein said C 2 -C 6 alkenyl is optionally substituted with up to four substitutents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , and —N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• one occurrence of R 2 is H and one occurrence of R 2 is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, wherein said C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with up to four substitutents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , and —N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• a fifteenth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiments E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 NR 2 COR 3
• a sixteenth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiments E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 NR 2 COOR 3 .
• An seventeenth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiments E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 NR 2 CON(R 2 ) 2 .
• R 1 is —CH 2 NHCON(R 2 ) 2 .
• R 1 is —CH 2 NR 2 CONH(R 2 ).
• R 1 is —CH 2 NR 2 CONH 2 .
• a eighteenth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 NR 2 CONR 2 N(R 2 ) 2 .
• R 1 is —CH 2 NHCONR 2 N(R 2 ) 2 .
• R 1 is —CH 2 NR 2 CONHN(R 2 ) 2 .
• R 1 is —CH 2 NR 2 CONR 2 NH(R 2 ).
• R 1 is —CH 2 NHCONHN(R 2 ) 2 .
• R 1 is —CH 2 NR 2 CONR 2 NH 2 .
• R 1 is —CH 2 NR 2 CONHNH 2 .
• R 1 is —CH 2 NHCONR 2 NH 2 .
• a nineteenth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 NR 2 SO 2 R 3 .
• a twentieth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is —CON(R 2 ) 2 .
• one occurrence of R 2 is H and one occurrence of R 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl is optionally substituted with up to four substitutents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , and —N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• one occurrence of R 2 is H and one occurrence of R 2 is C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, wherein said C 2 -C 6 alkenyl is optionally substituted with up to four substitutents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , and —N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• one occurrence of R 2 is H and one occurrence of R 2 is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, wherein said C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with up to four substitutents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , and —N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• a twenty-first embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is —C ⁇ NOR 3 .
• R 3 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl can be optionally substituted with up to four substituents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , and —N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R 3 is C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, wherein said C 2 -C 6 alkenyl can be optionally substituted with up to four substituents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , and —N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R 3 is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, wherein said C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl can be optionally substituted with up to four substituents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , and —N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• a twenty-second embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 OR 4 .
• a twenty-third embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 NR 2 R 4 .
• R 4 is a 5-membered heterocycle, optionally substituted with R 5 .
• R 4 is a 6-membered heterocycle, optionally substituted with R 5 .
• R 2 is H.
• R 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl is optionally substituted with up to four substituents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, NH 2 , NHCH 3 , and N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R 2 is C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, wherein said C 2 -C 6 alkenyl is optionally substituted with up to four substituents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, NH 2 , NHCH 3 , and N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R 2 is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, wherein said C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with up to four substituents, which are independently selected from halogen, —OCH 3 , —OH, NH 2 , NHCH 3 , and N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• a twenty-fourth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 R 6 .
• R 6 is H.
• R 6 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
• R 6 is a 5-membered heterocycle, wherein said 5-membered heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or two R 7 .
• a twenty-fifth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is defined in any of Embodiments E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 NH 2 .
• a twenty-sixth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 NHC(O)CH 3 .
• a twenty-seventh embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 NHC(O)-cyclopropyl.
• a twenty-eighth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 NHCOOCH 3 .
• a twenty-ninth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is —CH 2 NHCOCH 2 NH 2 .
• a thirtieth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is CH 2 NHCOCHCH 2 CH 3 .
• a thirty-first embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is CH 2 NHC(O)NHN(CH 3 ) 2 .
• a thirty-second embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E12, and R 1 is:
• a thirty-third embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E13, and R 1 is:
• a thirty-fourth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E13, and R 1 is:
• a thirty-fifth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E13, and R 1 is:
• a thirty-sixth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E13, and R 1 is:
• a thirty-seventh embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention or in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is as defined in any of Embodiment E7-E13, and R 1 is:
• a thirty-eighth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is as defined in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is defined in any of Embodiments E7-E12, R 1 is —CH 2 OR 4 or —CH 2 NR 2 R 4 ; and
• R 4 is selected from:
• a thirty-ninth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is as defined in any of Embodiments E1-E6, E is defined in any of Embodiments E7-E12, R 1 is CH 2 R 6 and R 6 is selected from:
• a fortieth embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is:
• R 8 represents up to four optional ring carbon substituents, which can be the same or different, E is defined in any of Embodiments E7-E12, and R 1 is defined in any of Embodiments E13-E37.
• a forty-first embodiment is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein E is as defined in any of Embodiments E7-E12, R 1 is defined in any of Embodiments E13-E37, A is:
• n is 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• each occurrence of R 8 is independently selected from H, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 heterocycloalkyl, benzyl, —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OR 3 , ⁇ O, —CN, —NO 2 , —SR 3 , —SF 5 , —SCF 3 , —SOR 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —S( ⁇ O)( ⁇ NH)R 2 , —N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 COR 3 , —SO 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 SO 2 R 3 , —COOH, —COR 9 , —COOR 3 , —CON(R 2 ) 2 , and —C(R 9 ) 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cyclo
• R 10 is selected from H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl and said C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with from one to four substituents, which are independently selected from F, —OCH 3 , —OH, NH 2 , NHCH 3 , and N(CH 3 ) 2 ;
• R 11 is selected from H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, —COR 9 , —COOR 5 , —CON(R 9 ) 2 , and —SO 2 R 9 ;
• each occurrence of R 12 is independently selected from H, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, benzyl, —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OR 3 , —CN, —NO 2 , —SR 3 , —SF 5 , —SCF 3 , —SOR 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —S( ⁇ O)( ⁇ NH)R 2 , —N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 COR 3 , —SO 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 SO 2 R 3 , —COOH, —COR 9 , —COOR 3 , —CON(R 2 ) 2 , and —C(R 9 ) 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and benzyl are optionally substituted with up to
• R 13 is selected from H, halogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, benzyl, —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OR 3 , —CN, —NO 2 , —SR 3 , —SF 5 , —SCF 3 , —SOR 3 , —SO 2 R 3 , —S( ⁇ O)( ⁇ NH)R 2 , —N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 COR 3 , —SO 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , —NR 2 SO 2 R 3 , —COOH, —COR 9 , —COOR 3 , —CON(R 2 ) 2 , and —C(R 9 ) 2 N(R 2 ) 2 , wherein said C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, and benzyl are optionally substituted with up to four F, —
• W is selected from O, S, SO, SO 2 , and S( ⁇ O)( ⁇ NH);
• a forty-second embodiment is a compound of Formula IA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having the formula:
• a forty-third embodiment is a compound of Formula IB, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having the formula:
• R 1 is —CH 2 NH 2 .
• R8 represents up to four optional ring carbon substituents, which can be the same or different.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, IA, or IB, as defined herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• (c) The pharmaceutical composition of (b), wherein the second compound is selected from the group consisting of: ethambutol, pyrazinamide, isoniazid, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, ofloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin, streptomycin, ethionamide, prothionamide, cycloserine, terididone, para-aminosalicylic acid, clofazimine, clarithromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, thiacetazone, meropenem-clavulanate, and thioridazine.
• the second compound is selected from the group consisting of: ethambutol, pyrazinamide, isoniazid, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, ofloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin, streptomycin, ethion
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a compound of formula I, IA, or IB, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a second compound, wherein the second compound is an antibiotic, wherein the compound of formula I, IA, or IB, and the second compound are each employed in an amount that renders the combination effective for treating or preventing bacterial infection.
• a method for treating a bacterial infection in a subject which comprises administering to a subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, Ia, or Ib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection which comprises administering to a subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, Ia, or Ib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a method for treating a bacterial infection which comprises administering to a subject in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e).
• a method for preventing and/or treating a mycobacterial infection which comprises administering to a subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of a composition comprising an oxazolidinone compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• composition is a composition of (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e).
• the present invention also includes a compound of Formula I, Ia, or Ib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, (i) for use in, (ii) for use as a medicament for, or (iii) for use in the preparation (or manufacture) of a medicament for, medicine or treating bacterial infection, particularly a mycobacterial infection.
• the compounds of the present invention can optionally be employed in combination with one or more second therapeutic agents including ethambutol, pyrazinamide, isoniazid, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, ofloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin, streptomycin, ethionamide, prothionamide, cycloserine, terididone, para-aminosalicylic acid, clofazimine, clarithromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, thiacetazone, meropenem-clavulanate, and thioridazine.
• one or more second therapeutic agents including ethambutol, pyrazinamide, isoniazid, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, ofloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin, streptomycin, ethionamide, prothionamide,
• Additional embodiments of the invention include the pharmaceutical compositions, combinations and methods set forth in (a)-(l) above and the uses set forth in the preceding paragraph, wherein the compound of the present invention employed therein is a compound of one of the embodiments, sub-embodiments, classes or sub-classes described above.
• the compound may optionally be used in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt in these embodiments.
• each embodiment may be combined with one or more other embodiments, to the extent that such a combination provides a stable compound or salt and is consistent with the description of the embodiments. It is further to be understood that the embodiments of compositions and methods provided as (a) through (1) above are understood to include all embodiments of the compounds and/or salts, including such embodiments as result from combinations of embodiments.
• Additional embodiments of the present invention include each of the pharmaceutical compositions, combinations, methods and uses set forth in the preceding paragraphs, wherein the compound of the present invention or its salt employed therein is substantially pure.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I, IA, or IB or its salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optionally one or more excipients
• substantially pure is in reference to a compound of Formula I, IA, or IB or its salt per se; i.e., the purity of the active ingredient in the composition.
• Alkyl means saturated carbon chains which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof, unless the carbon chain is defined otherwise.
• alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec- and tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, and the like.
• Alkenyl means carbon chains which contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and which may be linear or branched, or combinations thereof, unless otherwise defined. Examples of alkenyl include vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, and the like.
• Antibiotic refers to a compound or composition which decreases the viability of a microorganism, or which inhibits the growth or proliferation of a microorganism.
• the phrase “inhibits the growth or proliferation” means increasing the generation time (i.e., the time required for the bacterial cell to divide or for the population to double) by at least about 2-fold.
• Preferred antibiotics are those which can increase the generation time by at least about 10-fold or more (e.g., at least about 100-fold or even indefinitely, as in total cell death).
• an antibiotic is further intended to include an antimicrobial, bacteriostatic, or bactericidal agent.
• “About”, when modifying the quantity (e.g., kg, L, or equivalents) of a substance or composition, or the value of a physical property, or the value of a parameter characterizing a process step (e.g., the temperature at which a process step is conducted), or the like refers to variation in the numerical quantity that can occur, for example, through typical measuring, handling and sampling procedures involved in the preparation, characterization and/or use of the substance or composition; through inadvertent error in these procedures; through differences in the manufacture, source, or purity of the ingredients employed to make or use the compositions or carry out the procedures; and the like.
• “about” can mean a variation of ⁇ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0 of the appropriate unit. In certain embodiments, “about” can mean a variation of ⁇ 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, or 20%.
• Aromatic ring system means monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring or ring system containing 5-14 ring atoms, wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic.
• Aromatic ring systems encompass aryls and heteroaryls. The term may be used to describe a carbocyclic ring fused to an aryl group. For example, a 5-7-membered cycloalkyl can be fused through two adjacent ring atoms to a 5-6-membered heteroaryl containing 1, 2, or 3 heteroatom ring atoms selected from N, O, and S.
• a heteromonocyclic ring is fused through two ring atoms to a phenyl or 5-6-membered heteroaryl containing 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S.
• Aryl means a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic carbocyclic aromatic ring or ring system containing 5-14 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic.
• aryl include phenyl and naphthyl.
• Cycloalkyl means a saturated monocyclic, bicyclic or bridged carbocyclic ring, having a specified number of carbon atoms.
• Examples of cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like.
• heterocycloalkyl refers to a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising 3 to 11 ring atoms, wherein from 1 to 4 of the ring atoms are independently O, S, or N, and the remainder of the ring atoms are carbon atoms.
• a heterocycloalkyl group can be joined via a ring carbon or ring nitrogen atom (if present).
• a heterocycloalkyl group is monocyclic and has from about 3 to about 7 ring atoms.
• a heterocycloalkyl group is monocyclic has from about 4 to about 7 ring atoms.
• a heterocycloalkyl group is bicyclic and has from about 7 to about 11 ring atoms. In still another embodiment, a heterocycloalkyl group is monocyclic and has 5 or 6 ring atoms. In one embodiment, a heterocycloalkyl group is monocyclic. In another embodiment, a heterocycloalkyl group is bicyclic. There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system. Any —NH group in a heterocycloalkyl ring may exist protected such as, for example, as an —N(BOC), —N(Cbz), —N(Tos) group and the like; such protected heterocycloalkyl groups are considered part of this invention.
• heterocycloalkyl also encompasses a heterocycloalkyl group, as defined above, which is fused to an aryl (e.g., benzene) or heteroaryl ring.
• a heterocycloalkyl group can be optionally substituted by one or more “ring system substituents” which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein below.
• the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocycloalkyl (if present) can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
• Non-limiting examples of monocyclic heterocycloalkyl rings include oxetanyl, piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, delta-lactam, delta-lactone, silacyclopentane, silapyrrolidine and the like, and all isomers thereof.
• —CH 2 NR 2 COR 3 means “—CH 2 NR 2 C ⁇ OR 3 ”.
• “Drug resistant” means, in connection with a Mycobacterium , a Mycobacterium which is no longer susceptible to at least one previously effective drug; which has developed the ability to withstand antibiotic attack by at least one previously effective drug.
• a drug resistant strain may relay that ability to withstand to its progeny. Said resistance may be due to random genetic mutations in the bacterial cell that alters its sensitivity to a single drug or to different drugs.
• Halogen includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• Heteroaryl refers to an monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 5 to about 14 ring atoms, wherein from 1 to 4 of the ring atoms is independently O, N, or S and the remaining ring atoms are carbon atoms, wherein at least one of the heteroatom containing rings is aromatic.
• a heteroaryl group has 5 to 10 ring atoms.
• a heteroaryl group is monocyclic and has 5 or 6 ring atoms.
• a heteroaryl group is bicyclic.
• a heteroaryl group can be optionally substituted by one or more “ring system substituents” which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein below.
• heteroaryl group is joined via a ring carbon atom, and any nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide.
• heteroaryl also encompasses a heteroaryl group, as defined above, which is fused to a benzene ring.
• heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridone (including N-substituted pyridones), isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolyl, triazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, oxindolyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl, benzofurazanyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, thien
• Heterocycle means a monocyclic or bicyclic saturated, partially unsaturated, or unsaturated ring system containing 5-10 atoms and containing at least one ring heteroatom selected from N, S and O. In select embodiments, the ring system contains 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, S and O. When a heterocycle contains two rings, the rings may be fused, bridged or spirocyclic. Examples of monocyclic heterocycle rings include piperazine, piperidine, and morpholine. Examples of bicyclic heterocycle rings include 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane and 2,6-diazaspiroheptane.
• “Tuberculosis” comprises disease states usually associated with infections caused by mycobacteria species comprising M. tuberculosis complex.
• the term “tuberculosis” is also associated with mycobacterial infections caused by mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis (MOTT).
• MOTT mycobacterial species include M. avium - intracellulare, M. kansarii, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. leprae, M. africanum , and M. micron, M. avium paratuberculosis, M intracellulare, M. scrofulaceum, M. xenopi, M. marinum , and M. ulcerans.
• Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as originally defined or as defined in any of the foregoing embodiments, sub-embodiments, aspects, classes or sub-classes, wherein the compound or its salt is in a substantially pure form.
• substantially pure means suitably at least about 60 wt. %, typically at least about 70 wt. %, preferably at least about 80 wt. %, more preferably at least about 90 wt. % (e.g., from about 90 wt. % to about 99 wt. %), even more preferably at least about 95 wt. % (e.g., from about 95 wt.
• a product containing a compound of Formula I, IA, or IB or a salt of Formula I, IA, or IB e.g., the product isolated from a reaction mixture affording the compound or salt
• the level of purity of the compounds and salts can be determined using a standard method of analysis such as thin layer chromatography, gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, and/or mass spectrometry.
• a compound or salt of 100% purity is one which is free of detectable impurities as determined by a standard method of analysis.
• a substantially pure compound can be either a substantially pure mixture of the stereoisomers or a substantially pure individual diastereomer or enantiomer.
• the present invention encompasses all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of Formula I, Formula IA and Formula IB. Unless a specific stereochemistry is indicated, the present invention is meant to comprehend all such isomeric forms of these compounds.
• Centers of asymmetry that are present in the compounds of Formula I, Formula IA, and Formula IB can all independently of one another have (R) configuration or (S) configuration. When bonds to the chiral carbon are depicted as straight lines in the structural Formulas of the invention, it is understood that both the (R) and (S) configurations of the chiral carbon, and hence both enantiomers and mixtures thereof, are embraced within the Formula.
• the invention includes all possible enantiomers and diastereomers and mixtures of two or more stereoisomers, for example mixtures of enantiomers and/or diastereomers, in all ratios.
• enantiomers are a subject of the invention in enantiomerically pure form, both as levorotatory and as dextrorotatory antipodes, in the form of racemates and in the form of mixtures of the two enantiomers in all ratios.
• the invention includes both the cis form and the trans form as well as mixtures of these forms in all ratios.
• the preparation of individual stereoisomers can be carried out, if desired, by separation of a mixture by customary methods, for example by chromatography or crystallization, by the use of stereochemically uniform starting materials for the synthesis or by stereoselective synthesis.
• a derivatization can be carried out before a separation of stereoisomers.
• the separation of a mixture of stereoisomers can be carried out at an intermediate step during the synthesis of a compound of Formula I, Formula IA, or Formula IB or it can be done on a final racemic product.
• Absolute stereochemistry may be determined by X-ray crystallography of crystalline products or crystalline intermediates which are derivatized, if necessary, with a reagent containing a stereogenic center of known configuration.
• any variable e.g., R 1 , R a , etc.
• its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
• combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
• a squiggly line across a bond in a substituent variable represents the point of attachment.
• substituted means that one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valency under the existing circumstances is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound.
• substituted shall be deemed to include multiple degrees of substitution by a named substitutent. Where multiple substituent moieties are disclosed or claimed, the substituted compound can be independently substituted by one or more of the disclosed or claimed substituent moieties, singly or plurally. By independently substituted, it is meant that the (two or more) substituents can be the same or different.
• stable compound or “stable structure” is meant a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and whose structure and properties remain or can be caused to remain essentially unchanged for a period of time sufficient to allow use of the compound for the purposes described herein (e.g., therapeutic administration to a subject).
• the compounds of the present invention are limited to stable compounds embraced by Formula I.
• substitutions can also occur where such group is part of a larger substituent, e.g., —C 1 -C 6 alkyl-C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl and —C 1 -C 8 alkyl-aryl.
• the atoms may exhibit their natural isotopic abundances, or one or more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature.
• the present invention is meant to include all suitable isotopic variations of the compounds of Formula I, IA, and IB.
• different isotopic forms of hydrogen (H) include protium (H) and deuterium ( 2 H or D).
• Protium is the predominant hydrogen isotope found in nature.
• Enriching for deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages, such as increasing in vivo half-life or reducing dosage requirements, or may provide a compound useful as a standard for characterization of biological samples.
• Isotopically-enriched compounds within Formula I, IA, and IB can be prepared without undue experimentation by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the EXAMPLES herein using appropriate isotopically-enriched reagents and/or intermediates.
• any of the various cyclic rings and ring systems described herein may be attached to the rest of the compound at any ring atom (i.e., any carbon atom or any heteroatom) provided that a stable compound results.
• a heteroaromatic ring described as containing from “1 to 4 heteroatoms” means the ring can contain 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms. It is also to be understood that any range cited herein includes within its scope all of the sub-ranges within that range.
• a heterocyclic ring described as containing from “1 to 4 heteroatoms” is intended to include as aspects thereof, heterocyclic rings containing 2 to 4 heteroatoms, 3 or 4 heteroatoms, 1 to 3 heteroatoms, 2 or 3 heteroatoms, 1 or 2 heteroatoms, 1 heteroatom, 2 heteroatoms, 3 heteroatoms, and 4 heteroatoms.
• C 1-6 when used with a chain means that the chain can contain 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms. It also includes all ranges contained therein including C 1-5 , C 1-4 , C 1-3 , C 1-2 , C 2-6 , C 3-6 , C 4-6 , C 5-6 , and all other possible combinations.
• compound refers to the free compound and, to the extent they are stable, any hydrate or solvate thereof.
• a hydrate is the compound complexed with water
• a solvate is the compound complexed with an organic solvent.
• the compounds of the present invention can be employed in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. It will be understood that, as used herein, the compounds of the instant invention can also include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and also salts that are not pharmaceutically acceptable when they are used as precursors to the free compounds or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts or in other synthetic manipulations.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a salt which possesses the effectiveness of the parent compound and which is not biologically or otherwise undesirable (e.g., is neither toxic nor otherwise deleterious to the recipient thereof).
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases or acids including inorganic or organic bases and inorganic or organic acids. Salts of basic compounds encompassed within the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refer to non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention which are generally prepared by reacting the free base with a suitable organic or inorganic acid.
• Representative salts of basic compounds of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following: acetate, ascorbate, adipate, alginate, aspirate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate, citrate, cyclopentane propionate, diethylacetic, digluconate, dihydrochloride, dodecylsulfanate, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, ethanesulfonate, formic, fumarate, gluceptate, glucoheptanoate, gluconate, glutamate, glycerophosphate, glycollylarsanilate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hexyl
• suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof include, but are not limited to, salts derived from inorganic bases including aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganic, mangamous, potassium, sodium, zinc, and the like. Particularly preferred are the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium salts.
• Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, cyclic amines, dicyclohexyl amines and basic ion-exchange resins, such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N,N-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine, and the like.
• the basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl; and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others.
• lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides
• dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl
• diamyl sulfates long chain halides
• salts can be obtained by known methods, for example, by mixing a compound of the present invention with an equivalent amount and a solution containing a desired acid, base, or the like, and then collecting the desired salt by filtering the salt or distilling off the solvent.
• the compounds of the present invention and salts thereof may form solvates with a solvent such as water, ethanol, or glycerol.
• the compounds of the present invention may form an acid addition salt and a salt with a base at the same time according to the type of substituent of the side chain.
• the compounds of the invention can also be employed in the form of a prodrug.
• the hydrogen in —COOH be replaced with any the following groups: C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 3-7 cycloheteroalkyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-C 3-7 cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, —C 1-10 alkyl-aryl, heteroaryl, and —C 1-10 alkyl-heteroaryl.
• Any C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, or C 3-7 cycloheteroalkyl can also be substituted.
• Any aryl or heteroaryl can also be substituted as indicated.
• the present invention includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula I, IA, or IB of the present invention, optionally one or more other active components, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier will depend on the route of administration.
• pharmaceutically acceptable is meant that the ingredients of the pharmaceutical composition must be compatible with each other, do not interfere with the effectiveness of the active ingredient(s), and are not deleterious (e.g., toxic) to the recipient thereof.
• compositions according to the invention may, in addition to the inhibitor, contain diluents, fillers, salts, buffers, stabilizers, solubilizers, and other materials well known in the art.
• the present invention includes a method for treating a bacterial infection which comprises administering to a subject in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, IA, or IB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• subject or, alternatively, “patient” as used herein refers to an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human, who has been the object of treatment, observation or experiment.
• administration and variants thereof (e.g., “administering” a compound) in reference to a compound of Formula I, IA or IB mean providing the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the individual in need of treatment.
• “administration” and its variants are each understood to include provision of the compound or its salt and the other agents at the same time or at different times.
• the agents of a combination are administered at the same time, they can be administered together in a single composition or they can be administered separately.
• a “combination” of active agents can be a single composition containing all of the active agents or multiple compositions each containing one or more of the active agents.
• a combination can be either a single composition comprising both agents or two separate compositions each comprising one of the agents; in the case of three active agents a combination can be either a single composition comprising all three agents, three separate compositions each comprising one of the agents, or two compositions one of which comprises two of the agents and the other comprises the third agent; and so forth.
• compositions and combinations of the present invention are suitably administered in effective amounts.
• effective amount as used herein with respect to an oxazolidinone compound means the amount of active compound sufficient to cause a bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic effect.
• the effective amount is a “therapeutically effective amount” meaning the amount of active compound that can overcome bacterial drug resistance and which is sufficient to inhibit bacterial replication and/or result in bacterial killing.
• references to the amount of active ingredient are to the free acid or free base form of the compound.
• compositions of the present invention are suitably parenteral, oral, sublingual, transdermal, topical, intranasal, intratracheal, intraocular, or intrarectal, wherein the composition is suitably formulated for administration by the selected route using formulation methods well known in the art, including, for example, the methods for preparing and administering formulations described in chapters 39, 41, 42, 44 and 45 in Remington—The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21 st edition, 2006.
• compounds of the invention are administered intravenously in a hospital setting.
• administration is oral in the form of a tablet or capsule or the like.
• the dosage of the compounds of the invention and of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may vary within wide limits and should naturally be adjusted, in each particular case, to the individual conditions and to the pathogenic agent to be controlled.
• the daily dose may be between 0.005 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg.
• the compound of the invention is provided in a pharmaceutical formulation for oral, intravenous, intramuscular, nasal, or topical administration.
• the formulation can be prepared in a dosage form, such as but not limited to, a tablet, capsule, liquid (solution or suspension), suppository, ointment, cream, or aerosol.
• the presently disclosed subject matter provides such compounds and/or formulations that have been lyophilized and that can be reconstituted to form pharmaceutically acceptable formulations for administration, for example, as by intravenous or intramuscular injection.
• Intravenous administration of a compound of the invention can be conducted by reconstituting a powdered form of the compound with an acceptable solvent.
• suitable solvents include, for example, saline solutions (e.g., 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection) and sterile water (e.g., Sterile Water for Injection, Bacteriostatic Water for Injection with methylparaben and propylparaben, or Bacteriostatic Water for Injection with 0.9% benzyl alcohol).
• the powdered form of the compound can be obtained by gamma-irradiation of the compound or by lyophilization of a solution of the compound, after which the powder can be stored (e.g., in a sealed vial) at or below room temperature until it is reconstituted.
• the concentration of the compound in the reconstituted IV solution can be, for example, in a range of from about 0.1 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL.
• the methods of the presently disclosed subject matter are useful for treating these conditions in that they inhibit the onset, growth, or spread of the condition, cause regression of the condition, cure the condition, or otherwise improve the general well-being of a subject afflicted with, or at risk of, contracting the condition.
• the terms “treat”, “treating”, and grammatical variations thereof, as well as the phrase “method of treating”, are meant to encompass any desired therapeutic intervention, including but not limited to a method for treating an existing infection in a subject, and a method for the prophylaxis (i.e., preventing) of infection, such as in a subject that has been exposed to a microbe as disclosed herein or that has an expectation of being exposed to a microbe as disclosed herein.
• Infections that may be treatable by the compounds of the invention can be caused by a variety of microbes, including fungi, algae, protozoa, bacteria, and viruses.
• the infection is a bacterial infection.
• Exemplary microbial infections that may be treated by the methods of the invention include, but are not limited to, infections caused by one or more of Staphylococcus aureaus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus anthracis , a Streptococcus species (e.g., Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae ), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia , a Proteus species (e.g., Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris ), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Strenotrophomonas maltophillia, Mycobacterium
• the infection is an infection of a gram-positive bacterium.
• the infection is selected from a mycobacterial infection, a Bacillus anthracis infection, an Enterococcus faecalis infection, and a Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
• the compound of Formula I, IA, or IB is administered prophylactically to prevent or reduce the incidence of one of: (a) a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a subject at risk of infection; (b) a recurrence of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; and (c) combinations thereof.
• the compound of Formula I, IA, or IB is administered to treat an existing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
• the compound of Formula I, IA, or IB is administered to treat an infection of a multi-drug resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (i.e., a strain that is resistant to two or more previously known anti-tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampicin, kanamycin, capreomycin, linezolid, and streptomycin).
• a multi-drug resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis i.e., a strain that is resistant to two or more previously known anti-tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampicin, kanamycin, capreomycin, linezolid, and streptomycin.
• the compound of Formula (I) has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of 25 ⁇ g/mL or less.
• the methods of the presently disclosed subject matter can be useful for treating tuberculosis in that they inhibit the onset, growth, or spread of a TB infection, cause regression of the TB infection, cure the TB infection, or otherwise improve the general well-being of a subject afflicted with, or at risk of, contracting tuberculosis.
• Subjects suffering from an M. tuberculosis or other tuberculosis-related infection can be determined via a number of techniques, e.g., sputum smear, chest X-ray, tuberculin skin test (i.e., Mantoux test or PPD test) and/or the presence of other clinical symptoms (e.g., chest pain, coughing blood, fever, night sweats, appetite loss, fatigue, etc.).
• bacterial RNA, DNA or proteins can be isolated from a subject believed to be suffering from TB and analyzed via methods known in the art and compared to known nucleic or amino acid sequences of bacterial RNA, DNA or protein.
• the compound of Formula I, IA, or IB has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of 25 ⁇ g/mL or less.
• MICs can be determined via methods known in the art, for example, as described in Hurdle et al., 2008 , J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 62:1037-1045.
• the methods of the invention further comprise administering to the subject an additional therapeutic compound.
• the compound of the invention is administered to the subject before, after, or at the same time as one or more additional therapeutic compounds.
• the additional therapeutic compound is an antibiotic.
• the additional therapeutic compound is an anti-tuberculosis therapeutic.
• the additional therapeutic compound is selected from the group comprising isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampicin, kanamycin, capreomycin, linezolid, and streptomycin.
• the invention thus provides in a further aspect, a combination comprising a compound of Formula I, IA, or IB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more additional therapeutic agents.
• additional therapeutic agents are anti-tuberculosis agents including, but not limited to, amikacin, aminosalicylic acid, capreomycin, cycloserine, ethambutol, ethionamide, isoniazid, kanamycin, pyrazinamide, rifamycins (such as rifampin, rifapentine and rifabutin), streptomycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, oxazolidinones and fluoroquinolones (such as ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin).
• “First-line” chemotherapeutic agents used to treat a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection that is not drug resistant include isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin and pyrazinamide.
• “Second-line” chemotherapeutic agents used to treat a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection that has demonstrated drug resistance to one or more “first-line” drugs include ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ethionamide, aminosalicylic acid, cycloserine, amikacin, kanamycin and capreomycin.
• isoniazid pyrazinamide
• amikacin ethionamide
• moxifloxacin ethambutol
• the one or more additional therapeutic agent is, for example, an agent useful for the treatment of tuberculosis in a mammal, therapeutic vaccines, antibacterial agents, anti-viral agents; antibiotics and/or agents for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.
• therapeutic agents include isoniazid (INH), ethambutol, rifampin, pirazinamide, streptomycin, capreomycin, ciprofloxacin and clofazimine.
• the one or more additional therapeutic agent is a therapeutic vaccine.
• a compound of Formula I, IA, or IB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may thus be administered in conjunction with vaccination against mycobacterial infection, in particular vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
• Existing vaccines against mycobacterial infection include Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG).
• BCG Bacillus Calmette Guerin
• Vaccines currently under development for the treatment, prophylaxis or amelioration of mycobacterial infection include: modified BCG strains which recombinantly express additional antigens, cytokines and other agents intended to improve efficacy or safety; attenuated mycobacteria which express a portfolio of antigens more similar to Mycobacterium tuberculosis than BCG; and subunit vaccines.
• Subunit vaccines may be administered in the form of one or more individual protein antigens, or a fusion or fusions of multiple protein antigens, either of which may optionally be adjuvanted, or in the form of a polynucleotide encoding one or more individual protein antigens, or encoding a fusion or fusions of multiple protein antigens, such as where the polynucleotide is administered in an expression vector.
• subunit vaccines include, but are not limited to: M72, a fusion protein derived from the antigens Mtb32a and Mtb39; HyVac-1, a fusion protein derived from antigen 85b and ESAT-6; HyVac-4, a fusion protein derived from antigen 85b and Tb10.4; MVA85a, a modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85a; and Aeras-402, adenovirus 35 expressing a fusion protein derived from antigen 85a, antigen 85b and Tb10.4.
• the compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared according to the following reaction schemes and EXAMPLES, or modifications thereof, using readily available starting materials, reagents and conventional synthesis procedures. In these reactions, it is also possible to make use of variations which are themselves known to those of ordinary skill in this art, but are not mentioned in greater detail. Alternative synthetic pathways and analogous structures will be apparent to those skilled in the art of organic synthesis in light of the following reaction schemes and EXAMPLES.
• Scheme A shows a method useful for making oxazolidinone compounds of formula A7, which correspond to the Compounds of Formula (I), wherein R 1 is CH 2 NH 2 and A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention.
• the scheme below shows the synthesis of oxazolidinone analogs wherein A is introduced via a coupling reaction.
• the synthetic scheme has been discussed in detail in the literature ( Org. Proc. Res. Dev. 2003, 533).
• the oxizolidinone A3 can be assembled in one step from the oxirane S1 and carbamate A2. Further modification of the hydroxy group via the azide intermediate A5 can provide the amine A6.
• the Suzuki coupling reaction provides the desired compound A7, which can be used to synthesize compounds where R 1 is a derivative of CH 2 NH 2 .
• Scheme B shows a method useful for making oxazolidinone compounds of formula B4, which correspond to the Compounds of Formula (I), wherein R 1 is a heterocycle such as imdazole, triazole or tetrazole, and A is as defined in the Summary of the Invention.
• B1 is converted to B2 via the Suzuki coupling reaction, followed by the introduction of a hetereocycle via displacement of the mesylate intermediate B3 to afford B4.
• Step B Synthesis of (R)-(3-(4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl methanesulfonate
• Step C (R)-5-(azidomethyl)-3-(4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one
• Step D (S)-5-(aminomethyl)-3-(4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one
• Step E (S)-5-(aminomethyl)-3-(2-fluoro-4′-(methylthio)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)oxazolidin-2-one
• Step C Synthesis of (S)-1-acetamido-3-chloropropan-2-yl acetate
• Step D Synthesis of (S)—N-((3-(6-chloro-5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide
• Step E Synthesis of (S)—N-((3-(5-fluoro-6-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide 40
• Step A Synthesis of benzyl (4-bromophenyl)carbamate
• Step B Synthesis of (S)—N-((3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide
• Step C Synthesis of (S)—N-((3-(4-(5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)phenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide
• Step A Synthesis of (R)-3-(2-fluoro-4′-(methylthio)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2-one
• Step B (R)-(3-(2-fluoro-4′-(methylthio)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl methanesulfonate
• Step C Synthesis of (R)-5-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(2-fluoro-4′-(methylthio)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)oxazolidin-2-one
• Step A Synthesis of benzyl (4-bromo-3,5-difluorophenyl)carbamate
• Step B (S)—N-((3-(4-bromo-3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide
• Step C (S)—N-((3-(2,6-difluoro-4′-(methylthio)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide 47
• Step C Synthesis of benzyl (5-fluoro-6-thiomorpholinopyridin-3-yl)carbamate
• Step D Synthesis of (S)—N-((3-(5-fluoro-6-thiomorpholinopyridin-3-yl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide
• Step E Synthesis of (S)—N-((3-(6-(1,1-dioxidothiomorpholino)-5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide
• Step F (S)-5-(aminomethyl)-3-(6-(1,1-dioxidothiomorpholino)-5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)oxazolidin-2-one 48
• Step A (R)-3-(4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)-5-((isoxazol-3-yloxy)methyl)oxazolidin-2-one and (R)-2-((3-(4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)isoxazol-3(2H)-one
• reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), washed with hydrochloric acid (1M, 50 mL), then with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure.
• Step B (R)-3-(2-fluoro-4′-(methylthio)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-((isoxazol-3-yloxy)methyl)oxazolidin-2-one
• the 2nd generation xphos precatalyst (66.1 mg, 0.08 mmol) was added to the mixture of (R)-3-(4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)-5-((isoxazol-3-yloxy)methyl)oxazolidin-2-one (300.0 mg, 0.84 mmol), (4-(methylthio)phenyl)boronic acid (155 mg, 0.924 mmol), potassium phosphate tribasic (357.0 mg, 1.68 mmol) in THF (5 mL) and water (1.5 mL) under N 2 protection. The mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 16 hours. LCMS showed most starting material was consumed and 50% of the desired product was formed.
• example 50 was obtained from (R)-2-((3-(2-fluoro-4′-(methylthio)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)isoxazol-3(2H)-one following the protocol described in step B in the procedure above as a solid.
• Step A Synthesis of (R)-5-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one
• Step B (R)-5-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-(6-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one
• Step A Synthesis of (5)-tert-butyl (2-(((3-(4′-carbamoyl-2-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl) amino)-2-oxoethyl)carbamate
• reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated to give a residue which was purified by reverse phase prep-HPLC to give (5)-tert-butyl (2-(((3-(4′-carbamoyl-2-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)carbamate as a solid.
• Step B (S)-4′-(5-((2-aminoacetamido)methyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-3-yl)-2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide
• Step C Synthesis of benzyl (3,5-difluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)carbamate
• Step D Synthesis of (R)-3-(3,5-difluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxazolidin-2-one
• Step E Synthesis of (R)-(3-(3,5-difluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl methanesulfonate
• Step F Synthesis of (R)-5-(azidomethyl)-3-(3,5-difluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one
• Step G Synthesis of (S)-5-(aminomethyl)-3-(3,5-difluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)oxazolidin-2-one
• Step A Synthesis of (S)—N-((3-(2-fluoro-4′-(methylthio)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)-1H-midazole-1-carboxamide
• Step B Synthesis of (S)—N-((3-(2-fluoro-4′-(methylthio)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)-2,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxamide
• Mtb Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mtb expressing green fluorescent protein (Mtb-GFP; H37Rv pMSP12::GFP) was pre-adapted to growth on the relevant carbon source in Middlebrook 7H9-broth base supplemented with bovine serum albumin and tyloxapol prior to the screen.
• Bacteria were dispensed into 384-well microtiter plates at approximately 2 ⁇ 10 4 actively growing cells in 24 ⁇ L volumes per well.
• Microtiter plates were pre-dispensed with 0.2 ⁇ L compound, dimethylsulfoxide (negative control) or rifampicin (25 ⁇ M; positive control). Cells were exposed to 2-fold serial dilutions of compounds from 50 ⁇ M to 0.049 ⁇ M.
• Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant, MB5393, COL growth was assessed in cation adjusted Mueller Hinton II broth (CAMHB) in 384-well microtiter plates. Bacteria were dispensed into microtiter plates at approximately 5 ⁇ 10 5 actively growing cells in 49 ⁇ L volumes per well. Cells were exposed to 2-fold serial dilutions of compounds from 200 ⁇ M to 0.195 ⁇ M and growth compared to drug-free control. Compound dilutions were prepared in 100% dimethylsulfoxide and added to microtiter plates in 1 ⁇ L volumes per well. Full growth control wells contained dimethylsufoxide and bacteria.
• CAMHB Mueller Hinton II broth
• No growth control wells contained dimethysulfoxide and CAMHB but no bacteria. Growth inhibition was assessed after a 22-hour growth period by measuring optical density using a spectrophotometer. The lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit 95% of the growth of the bacteria was defined as the MITC95. All studies were done in a BSL2 facility.
• Inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis was assessed in HepG2 cells by comparing the levels of two subunits of oxidative phosphorylation enzyme complexes, subunit I of Complex IV (COX-I) and the 70 kDa subunit of Complex II (SDH-A).
• COX-I is mitochondrial DNA encoded
• SDH-A is nuclear DNA encoded.
• HepG2 cells were seeded in 96-well collagen coated plates at 8,000 cells per well and exposed to 2-fold serial dilutions of compounds from 100 ⁇ M to 6.25 ⁇ M.
• Microtiter plates were incubated for approximately 5 replication cycles (4 days) prior to assessment of protein levels using a kit as described by the manufacturer (ab110217 MitoBiogenesis In Cell ELISA Kit, Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.). Inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis was expressed as a ratio of COX-1 to SDH-A levels.
• Mtb Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mtb expressing green fluorescent protein (Mtb-GFP; H37Rv pMSP12::GFP) was pre-adapted to growth on the relevant carbon source in Middlebrook 7H9-broth base supplemented with bovine serum albumin and tyloxapol prior to the screen.
• Bacteria were dispensed into 384-well microtiter plates at approximately 2 ⁇ 10 4 actively growing cells in 24 ⁇ L volumes per well.
• Microtiter plates were pre-dispensed with 0.2 ⁇ L compound, dimethylsulfoxide (negative control) or rifampicin (25 ⁇ M; positive control). Cells were exposed to 2-fold serial dilutions of compounds from 50 ⁇ M to 0.049 ⁇ M.
• Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant, MB5393, COL growth was assessed in cation adjusted Mueller Hinton II broth (CAMHB) in 384-well microtiter plates. Bacteria were dispensed into microtiter plates at approximately 5 ⁇ 10 5 actively growing cells in 49 ⁇ L volumes per well. Cells were exposed to 2-fold serial dilutions of compounds from 200 ⁇ M to 0.195 ⁇ M and growth compared to drug-free control. Compound dilutions were prepared in 100% dimethylsulfoxide and added to microtiter plates in 1 ⁇ L volumes per well. Full growth control wells contained dimethylsufoxide and bacteria.
• CAMHB Mueller Hinton II broth
• No growth control wells contained dimethysulfoxide and CAMHB but no bacteria. Growth inhibition was assessed after a 22-hour growth period by measuring optical density using a spectrophotometer. The lowest concentration of test compound required to inhibit 95% of the growth of the bacteria was defined as the MITC95. All studies were done in a BSL2 facility.
• Inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis was assessed in HepG2 cells by comparing the levels of two subunits of oxidative phosphorylation enzyme complexes, subunit I of Complex IV (COX-I) and the 70 kDa subunit of Complex II (SDH-A).
• COX-I is mitochondrial DNA encoded
• SDH-A is nuclear DNA encoded.
• HepG2 cells were seeded in 96-well collagen coated plates at 8,000 cells per well and exposed to 2-fold serial dilutions of compounds from 100 ⁇ M to 6.25 ⁇ M.
• Microtiter plates were incubated for approximately 5 replication cycles (4 days) prior to assessment of protein levels using a kit as described by the manufacturer (ab110217 MitoBiogenesis In Cell ELISA Kit, Abcam, Cambridge, Mass.). Inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis was expressed as a ratio of COX-1 to SDH-A levels.

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