US20180274066A1 - Nodular cast alloy - Google Patents

Nodular cast alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180274066A1
US20180274066A1 US15/921,842 US201815921842A US2018274066A1 US 20180274066 A1 US20180274066 A1 US 20180274066A1 US 201815921842 A US201815921842 A US 201815921842A US 2018274066 A1 US2018274066 A1 US 2018274066A1
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Prior art keywords
weight
nodular cast
alloy
cast alloy
cast
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Abandoned
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US15/921,842
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English (en)
Inventor
Konrad PAPIS
Sebastian WIERSCHKE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Georg Fischer Eisenguss GmbH
Georg Fischer Automotive Kunshan Co Ltd
Fondium Mettmann GmbH
Fondium Singen GmbH
Original Assignee
Georg Fischer Eisenguss GmbH
Georg Fischer Automotive Kunshan Co Ltd
Georg Fischer Automobilguss GmbH Germany
Georg Fischer GmbH
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Application filed by Georg Fischer Eisenguss GmbH, Georg Fischer Automotive Kunshan Co Ltd, Georg Fischer Automobilguss GmbH Germany, Georg Fischer GmbH filed Critical Georg Fischer Eisenguss GmbH
Assigned to GEORG FISCHER EISENGUSS GMBH, GEORG FISCHER GMBH, GEORG FISCHER AUTOMOBILGUSS GMBH, GEORG FISCHER GMBH_, Georg Fischer Automotive (Kunshan) Co. Ltd. reassignment GEORG FISCHER EISENGUSS GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Papis, Konrad, Wierschke, Sebastian
Publication of US20180274066A1 publication Critical patent/US20180274066A1/en
Assigned to FONDIUM SINGEN GMBH reassignment FONDIUM SINGEN GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GEORG FISCHER AUTOMOBILGUSS GMBH
Assigned to FONDIUM METTMAN GMBH reassignment FONDIUM METTMAN GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GEORG FISCHER GMBH
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009—Pearlite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C21D5/04—Heat treatments of cast-iron of white cast-iron
    • C21D5/06—Malleabilising
    • C21D5/14—Graphitising

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a nodular cast alloy having a perlitic-ferritic microstructure for cast iron products having, even in the cast state without subsequent heat treatment, a high static strength of a 0.2% offset yield strength of ⁇ 600 MPa and a tensile strength of ⁇ 750 MPa combined with good ductility of an elongation at break of from 2% to 10%, comprising the nonferrous constituents C, Si, P, Mg, S, Mn and Ni and also normal impurities.
  • Possible uses for motor vehicle construction are, for example, chassis components such as wheel carriers, structural vehicle components and also crankshafts.
  • EP 1 225 239 A1 discloses a higher-strength bainitic nodular cast alloy which comprises, as nonferrous constituents, from 2 to 4% by weight of Ni and from 0.05 to 0.45% by weight of Mn, with the Ni—Mn range serving to adjust the variable ratio of strength to elongation.
  • a material having this composition at this microstructure displays a high tensile strength of from 650 to 850 MPa and a 0.2% offset yield strength of ⁇ 500 MPa combined with an elongation at break of from 14.5 to 7%. Although these properties are achieved without heat treatment, the achievable strengths are limited by the alloy composition.
  • DE 10 2004 040 056 A1 discloses a further cast iron alloy which is described as high-strength and wear resistant and corrosion resistant. It is composed of from 3 to 4.2% by weight of C, from 1 to 3.5% by weight of Si, from 1 to 6% by weight of Ni, ⁇ 5% by weight of Cr, ⁇ 3% by weight of Cu, ⁇ 3% by weight of Mo, ⁇ 1% by weight of Mn, ⁇ 1% by weight of V, ⁇ 0.4% by weight of P, ⁇ 0.1% by weight of S, ⁇ 0.08% by weight of Mg, ⁇ 0.3% by weight of Sn and production-related impurities.
  • a higher-strength nodular cast alloy is known from CA 122 40 66 A1/US 448 49 53 A, with the nodular cast alloy containing, as nonferrous constituents, from 3 to 3.6% by weight of C, from 3.5 to 5% by weight of Si, from 0.7 to 5% by weight of Ni, from 0 to 0.3% by weight of Mo, from 0.2 to 0.4% by weight of Mn, ⁇ 0.06% by weight of P and ⁇ 0.015% by weight of S.
  • a disadvantage here is that a ferritic-bainitic microstructure, for which a ferritizing heat treatment is absolutely necessary, is required to achieve the indicated tensile strength of ⁇ 950 MPa, 0.2% offset yield strength of ⁇ 550 MPa and elongation at break of from 6 to 10%.
  • US 370 22 69 A discloses a high-strength relatively highly alloyed nodular cast alloy whose nonferrous constituents comprise from 2.6 to 4% by weight of C, from 1.5 to 4% by weight of Si, from 6 to 11% by weight of Ni, ⁇ 7% by weight of Co, ⁇ 0.4% by weight of Mo, ⁇ 1% by weight of Mn and ⁇ 0.2% by weight of Cr.
  • the high tensile strength of ⁇ 1000 MPa is due to a fine-grained bainitic microstructure, with the targeted microstructure having to be set by means of a necessary heat treatment in the form of tempering, which in turn requires an additional outlay.
  • US 585 35 04 A describes an iron-based relatively highly alloyed cast material whose nonferrous constituents comprise from 0.8 to 3.5% by weight of C, from 1 to 7% by weight of Si, from 5 to 15% by weight of Ni, ⁇ 1% by weight of Mn, ⁇ 2% by weight of Cr, ⁇ 0.1% by weight of at least one element from the group consisting of Mg, Ca and Ce and ⁇ 2% by weight of at least one element from the group consisting of Mo, Nb, Ti and V.
  • the material has a hardness of at least 250 HV at a proportion of at least 30% of martensite in the microstructure; the graphite formation is predominantly spheroidal.
  • a lapping disc preferably for use in semiconductor manufacture.
  • a higher-strength bainitic nodular cast alloy is known from US 354 94 30 A, where the nodular cast alloy contains, as nonferrous constituents, from 2.9 to 3.9% by weight of C, from 1.7 to 2.6% by weight of Si, from 3.2 to 7% by weight of Ni, from 0.15 to 0.4% by weight of Mo, ⁇ 0.2% by weight of Cr and ⁇ 1% by weight of Mn.
  • the alloy displays a high tensile strength of 2 820 MPa, a 0.2% offset yield strength of ⁇ 520 MPa combined with an elongation at break of at least 2%.
  • a heat treatment is necessary, and locally used chill moulds can additionally be necessary in the case of relatively large wall thicknesses.
  • DE 180 85 15 A1 describes a high-strength nodular cast alloy whose nonferrous constituents comprise from 2.9 to 3.9% by weight of C, from 1.7 to 2.6% by weight of Si, from 3.2 to 7% by weight of Ni, from 0.15 to 0.4% by weight of Mo, ⁇ 0.1% by weight of Mg, from 0 to 1% by weight of Mn and from 0 to 0.25% by weight of Cr with a total content of Mo and Cr of not more than 0.5% by weight.
  • This material has a tensile strength of ⁇ 1000 MPa and a 0.2% offset yield strength of ⁇ 750 MPa combined with an elongation at break of at least 4%.
  • the central feature of this material is a heat treatment in the form of tempering for a number of hours at temperatures of from 200 to 315° C., since the properties indicated cannot be achieved without tempering of the matrix microstructure.
  • a higher-strength, predominantly perlitic nodular cast alloy for applications in motor vehicle construction is known from EP 1 834 005 B1.
  • This contains the nonferrous constituents of from 3.0 to 3.7% by weight of C, from 2.6 to 3.4% by weight of Si, from 0.02 to 0.05% by weight of P, from 0.025 to 0.045% by weight of Mg, from 0.01 to 0.03% by weight of Cr, from 0.003 to 0.017% by weight of Al, from 0.0005 to 0.012% by weight of S and from 0.0004 to 0.002% by weight of B, from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of Cu, from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of Mn and unavoidable impurities.
  • the chassis components produced with this composition have, even in the cast state without an additional heat treatment, a tensile strength of from 600 to 900 MPa, a 0.2% offset yield strength of from 400 to 600 combined with an elongation at break of from 14 to 5%.
  • FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph of the microstructure of the nodular case alloy according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating offset yield strength as a function at break for various alloys.
  • the nodular cast alloy of the invention comprising from 2.8 to 3.7% by weight of C, from 1.5 to 4% by weight of Si, from 1 to 6.2% by weight of Ni, from 0.02 to 0.05% by weight of P, from 0.025 to 0.06% by weight of Mg, from 0.01 to 0.03% by weight of Cr, from 0.003 to 0.3% by weight of Al, from 0.0005 to 0.012% by weight of S, from 0.03 to 1.5% by weight of Cu and from 0.1 to 2% by weight of Mn, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities, where the nodular cast alloy in the cast state without subsequent heat treatment achieves a high static strength of a 0.2% offset yield strength of ⁇ 600 MPa and a tensile strength of ⁇ 750 MPa combined with good ductility of an elongation at break A5 of from 2 to 10%.
  • the matric microstructure surrounding the spheroidal graphite precipitates has a perlitic-ferritic structure comprising >50% of perlite; the perlite is preferably present as fine streaks and the ferrite is preferably present in globular form.
  • the alloy differs from the cast iron alloy known from DE 10 2004 040 056 A1 since the mechanical properties of an acicular ferrite differ significantly from those of a globular ferrite.
  • the nodular cast alloy is preferably in the form of a nodular cast alloy cast in sand.
  • the key concept of the invention is to provide a nodular cast alloy which, owing to appropriately matched compositions of the nodular cast alloy of the invention and the resulting combinations of mechanical properties, can be used in motor vehicle construction, for example for axle and chassis components, which in the case of collision of the motor vehicle have to deform plastically and must not break, but also for structural components and crankshafts which are subjected to high dynamic stresses.
  • the nodular cast alloy of the invention requires only moderate alloying additions compared to austenitic nodular cast alloys.
  • Ni and Si increase the 0.2% offset yield strength. This is attributed firstly to mixed crystal strengthening (Si and Ni) and secondly to perlite refining by shifting the austenite-ferrite transformation temperature to low temperatures (Ni). It is advantageous that the alloy has a very high 0.2% offset yield strength at elongation at break values which are not too low (high lightweight construction potential). This is achieved first and foremost by the nodular cast alloy comprising from 1 to 6.2% by weight of Ni, preferably from 2.5 to 5.2% by weight of Ni and particularly preferably from 4 to 5.2% by weight of Ni.
  • Good strength properties combined with elongation at break values which are not too low are achieved particularly in combination with from 1.5 to 4% by weight of Si, preferably from 2 to 3.5% by weight of Si and particularly preferably from 2.2 to 3.3% by weight of Si.
  • the 0.2% offset yield strength of the perlitic-ferritic nodular cast alloy of the invention is significantly higher at ⁇ 600 MPa compared to ⁇ 500 MPa (tensile strength likewise somewhat higher).
  • the working examples given in EP 1 225 239 A1 do not contain any values of the 0.2% offset yield strength above 550 MPa.
  • Adherence to the indicated upper and lower limits for the nonferrous constituents Si and Ni are critical for the perlitic-ferritic target microstructure and thus for achievement of the mechanical properties of the nodular cast alloy of the invention.
  • the nodular cast alloy of the invention has a significant advantage over the alloy of DE 10 2004 040 056 A1 having similar Ni content limits: thus, even at low wall thicknesses of about 8 mm a reliably martensite-free microstructure is achieved without the need for a subsequent tempering step. In a preferred embodiment of the nodular cast alloy of the invention, this can be achieved by adherence to particular composition ratios of Ni, Si and Mn contents.
  • Si of ⁇ 1.5% by weight increase the risk of carbide formation; in the worst case, solidification as white cast iron can be the result.
  • Contents of Si of >4% by weight lead to a significant decrease in the elongation at break and, owing to the reduced solubility of carbon in austenite, likewise increase the risk of martensite formation.
  • the Si content should also be limited because silicon shifts the austenite-ferrite transformation temperature to higher temperatures and thus acts counter to the perlite refinement sought by means of additions of nickel.
  • Mn is, in increasing proportions, a scrap accompaniment. Up to a moderate content, Mn is advantageous for increasing the offset yield strength. In addition, Mn reduces the martensite start temperature and can thus contribute to reducing the risk of martensite formation in thin-walled component parts which cool more rapidly.
  • the upper limit of 2% by weight of Mn for the nodular cast alloy of the invention is determined by great embrittlement due to carbide formation; however, an increase in segregating grain boundary carbides is found even at lower Mn contents, especially at simultaneously relatively high Si contents.
  • the addition of from 0.003 to 0.3% by weight of Al to the alloy can be carried out in order to achieve a further increase in strength due to mixed crystal strengthening.
  • the content of Al should be limited to ⁇ 0.3% by weight since Al simultaneously acts as ferrite stabilizer and thus contrary to the predominantly perlitic microstructure comprising >50% of perlite which is necessary for the mechanical properties.
  • Adherence to the indicated upper limits for the nonferrous constituents Mn, Cu, Mg, Cr, Al, P, S are critical for achieving the mechanical properties and also for the processability of cast parts composed of the nodular cast alloy of the invention. Excessive contents of Cu, Mg, Al and S can have an adverse effect on graphite formation, and deviations of the graphite shape from the desired spheroidal shape lead to significant worsening of elongation at break and achievable strength. Cr likewise has an embrittling effect, in this case by promotion of carbide formation.
  • P has to be limited because of the well-known embrittling effect of low-melting P-rich phases which can be formed at grain boundaries (former, P-enriched residual melt regions).
  • the matrix microstructure of the cast part in the cast state immediately after the casting process, i.e. after casting and cooling of the mould, is advantageous for the matrix microstructure of the cast part in the cast state immediately after the casting process, i.e. after casting and cooling of the mould, to be made up to an extent of from 50 to 90% of perlite.
  • the microstructure of the cast part in the cast state immediately after the casting process, i.e. after casting and cooling in the mould has from 200 to 1200 spheroids per mm 2 .
  • the graphite particles preferably have a size distribution of at least 5% of the size 8, from 40% to 70% of the size 7 and not more than 35% of the size 6, in accordance with DIN EN ISO 945.
  • the cast part prefferably has a Brinell hardness of from 260 to 320 HBW.
  • An Y2 specimen was cast in sand from the nodular cast alloy of the invention.
  • the chemical composition is 2.87% by weight of C, 5.12% by weight of Ni, 3.25% by weight of Si, 0.03% by weight of Cu, 0.22% by weight of Mn, 0.046% by weight of Mg, 0.037% by weight of P, 0.022% by weight of Cr, 0.013% by weight of Al and 0.003% by weight of S, balance Fe and usual impurities.
  • the casting was examined in the cast state for spheroid count, graphite content, graphite shape and graphite size, perlite content and also in respect of properties from the tensile test and in respect of Brinell hardness and impact work.
  • the spheroid count is 218 spheroids per mm 2
  • the graphite content is 10.6%.
  • the graphite shape in accordance with DIN EN ISO 945 is 94% of the shape VI.
  • the size distribution in accordance with DIN EN ISO 945 is 8% of the size 8, 57% of the size 7 and 33% of the size 6.
  • the perlite content of the matrix is 79% (for image of the microstructure, see FIG. 1 , residual constituent: ferrite, with globular shape).
  • the Brinell hardness is 310+/ ⁇ 2 HBW5/750.
  • the impact work of individual specimens was 30.1 J, at room temperature, and 12.5 J at ⁇ 30° C.
  • the room temperature tensile tests in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6892-1 gave the following property values:
  • Tensile specimen blanks whose cast wall thickness in the test region was about 8 mm were also cast from the same melt of the above-described example of the nodular cast alloy of the invention. 6 mm tensile specimens taken therefrom confirmed the Y2 specimen results: a 0.2% offset yield strength of 652 MPa and a tensile strength of 872 MPa combined with an elongation at break of 6.9% could be achieved.
  • ADI Austempered Ductile Iron
  • the offset yield strength Rp0.2 is shown as a function of the elongation at break A5 in FIG. 2 .
  • the above-described working example of the nodular cast alloy of the invention and also representatives of the nodular cast alloys standardized in DIN EN 1563 and DIN EN 1564 are plotted.
  • the grey lines in FIG. 2 join the minimum values in accordance with the standard DIN EN 1563 for cast iron comprising spheroidal graphite of the types produced in the cast state.
  • the solid black line in FIG. 2 joins the minimum values in accordance with the standard DIN EN 1564 for cast iron comprising spheroidal graphite of heat-treated ADI grades.
  • Black on broken line represents patented nodular cast alloys of the company Georg Fischer (EP 1 834 005 B1 and EP 1 270 747 B1).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
US15/921,842 2017-03-24 2018-03-15 Nodular cast alloy Abandoned US20180274066A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17162715.1A EP3243920B1 (de) 2017-03-24 2017-03-24 Sphärogusslegierung
EP17162715.1 2017-03-24

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US (1) US20180274066A1 (pt)
EP (1) EP3243920B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP7369513B2 (pt)
KR (1) KR20180108495A (pt)
CN (1) CN108624803A (pt)
BR (1) BR102018004643A2 (pt)
MX (1) MX2018003248A (pt)

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CN109402496A (zh) * 2018-11-28 2019-03-01 精诚工科汽车系统有限公司 具有均匀壁厚的球墨铸铁铸件中合金元素添加量的确定方法与球墨铸铁铸件及其铸造和模具
US11618937B2 (en) * 2019-10-18 2023-04-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC High-modulus, high-strength nodular iron and crankshaft
CN113897538A (zh) * 2021-10-12 2022-01-07 安徽裕隆模具铸业有限公司 一种高强度、高伸长率铸态qt500-18球墨铸铁及其制备方法
WO2023111403A1 (fr) * 2021-12-13 2023-06-22 Sediver Nuance de fonte ductile à matrice ferritique renforcée
CN114411049B (zh) * 2021-12-29 2022-12-02 天润工业技术股份有限公司 一种低成本、高强度的铁素体球墨铸铁及其制备方法与应用

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DE102008050152A1 (de) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-08 Claas Guss Gmbh Hochfeste, duktile Gusseisenlegierung mit Kugelgraphit sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

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JP7369513B2 (ja) 2023-10-26
KR20180108495A (ko) 2018-10-04
EP3243920A1 (de) 2017-11-15
EP3243920B1 (de) 2020-04-29
CN108624803A (zh) 2018-10-09
JP2018162516A (ja) 2018-10-18
MX2018003248A (es) 2018-11-09
BR102018004643A2 (pt) 2018-10-30

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