Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
  • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
  • C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2227—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond urea; derivatives thereof; urethane
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/223—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
  • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2300/00—Mixture of two or more additives covered by the same group of C10L1/00 - C10L1/308
  • C10L2300/40—Mixture of four or more components

Definitions

• This invention relates to the field of oil refining and petrochemistry, in particular to a composition comprising such additive and intended for use in internal combustion engines as well as in boilers and furnaces.
• this additive enables to:
• a drawback of this additive is its high corrosivity and extremely low solubility in a hydrocarbon fuel, which narrows its use and reduces field of application.
• a fuel additive is known in the art, which is added in a quantity of 0.0001-0.1 wt. % and comprises aliphatic alcohols, carbamide (urea), water and boric acid (RU Patent INo. 2486229, published on 27 Jun. 2013; IPC C10L9/10, C10L1/00, C10L1/10, C10L1/182), while having the following component ratio, in wt. %:
• the additive as claimed may be used for improving combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel (gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil or rocket fuel) or products of petrochemical or by-product-coking processes, or products of plant raw stock processing, or water-oil or water-coal fuel, or solid fuel, or gaseous fuel.
• Another objective of the invention is to develop a fuel that increases combustion temperature as well as raises combustion efficiency and completeness, due to which toxicity of combustion products together with fuel corrosive action on fuel system parts may be reduced.
• the above-discussed additive is the closest to the claimed solution and has been considered as the prototype.
• boric acid exhibits weak acidic properties, is practically insoluble in hydrocarbons, and is a toxic substance—its combustion leads to boron oxide emission into the atmosphere.
• the objective of the present invention is to develop a more economical and more ecological fuel having improved consumer and technological characteristics.
• the set objective is fulfilled and the technical effects are achieved by improving the additive composition in which acetanilide is substituted for boric acid as well as carbamide content is lowered, the content of the components being, in wt. %:
• the additive is intended for direct adding to a fuel in the quantity from 0.005 to 0.006% on the basis of the fuel weight.
• C 2 -C 4 aliphatic alcohols is understood as a totality of saturated alcohols comprising one or more hydroxyl groups in carbon atoms, a number of carbon atoms being from two to four, and each atom is coupled with not more than one hydroxyl group.
• the proposed additive may be prepared at any enterprise specializing in this industry, because for this well-known materials and standard equipment manufactured by the industry are required.
• the additive may be prepared as follows.
• the additive according to these three particular embodiments was added into the respective fuel in the quantity of 0.005 wt. %.
• the measurement methods enable to determine fuel consumption and quantity of each particular component of waste gases.
• the new European driving cycle (NEDC) is obligatory for Europe. This cycle is used for modeling typical driving manner for European roads. Pollutant emissions by, and fuel consumption in, cars are determined on chassis dynamometers. While a car “runs” on chassis dynamometers in accordance with certain driving cycles (NEDC cycle), calibrated measurement systems determine concentrations of separate exhaust components.
• Waste gases were analyzed according to the CVS method that comprises the following measurements: determination of CH, CO and CO 2 concentrations with the use of NDIR (Non-Dispersive-lnfra-Red) infra-red absorption analyzers; determination of NO x concentration with the use of apparatus operating under the chemiluminescence principle (CLD, chemiluminescence detector); fuel consumption was calculated according to the “carbon balance” method.
• CVS Chemical-lnfra-Red
• Tests for combustion of a heavy fuel (fuel oil) with the additive were carried out on the DKVr 4-13 GM boiler equipped with a GMG-2 burner, a VDN-10-1000 blow fan and a DN-9-1000 smoke exhauster. Steam flow-rate was measured on the steam conduit according to the standard chart. Air flow-rate was determined according to the design method. The excess air factor and the composition of waste gas components were measured with the use of a Testo 350M/XL gas analyzer.
• the test data were processed in accordance with the heat engineering methodology proposed by M.B. Ravich [Ravich M. B., Simplified Methodology of Heat Engineering Calculations, M., Publ. House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1966, 407 pp.]. This methodology is based on generalized characteristics. Such characteristics may be used for making comparative heat engineering calculations and for calculating heat losses due to waste gases and due to chemical incomplete combustion, without taking an average fuel sample during tests, determining its composition and combustion heat.
• Washing effect is understood as ability of the additive to prevent deposits in fuel injectors (Port Fuel Injection—PFI) and on intake valves (Intake Valve Deposits—IVD) from forming, thus ensuring that the initial adjustment of an engine remains unchanged. Deposits in the intake system may cause malfunctions during the engine operation, and any deviations from an optimal composition of a fuel mixture reduce power, increase fuel consumption and exhaust gases toxicity.
• PFI Fuel Injection
• IVD intake Valve Deposits
• Washing components for gasoline are surfactants comprising polar groups connected to one or more polymeric hydrocarbon tailings.
• Polar groups are functional groups of a washing component and usually are amines that are absorbed onto metal surfaces and/or onto forming deposit.
• a polymeric hydrocarbon tailing represents long-chain molecules of polyisobutylene and ensures good solubility in a fuel by ensuring dispersion of particles-precursors of deposit formation.
• the BASF Keropur® additives are based on polyisobutylene amine (for gasolines) and polyisobutylene succinimide (for diesel fuels) that are produced from high-reactivity polyisobutylene (PIB) synthesized in accordance with the patented BASF technology.
• PIB polyisobutylene
• the Keropur® (Puradd® in the US) washing additives synthesized on the basis of high-reactivity PIB are highly efficient.
• BASF produces high-reactivity PIB from pure polyisobutylene according to the patented technology, and its composition comprises more than 90% of alpha-olefins.
• washing additives to gasoline for cars in a concentration from 100 to 200 mg/kg (ppm).
• European manufacturers tend to prevent deposits from forming on valves practically to the fullest degree, and, therefore, add washing additives in a concentration from 300 to 600 mg/kg (ppm).
• a required level of washing properties may be established, for example, in accordance with the recommendations issued by the Worldwide Fuel Charter (WWFC).
• WWFC Worldwide Fuel Charter
• Tests are carried on a car for two weeks.
• the minimum quantity of deposits formed at intake valves after the trip of 10,000 miles should be not less than 290 mg per valve.
• a fuel with a washing additive is tested.
• a washing additive should ensure that deposits are reduced to a level not more than 100 mg per valve.
• the tests are aimed at assessing the additive influence on the fuel tendency to form deposits in the combustion chamber (Combustion Chamber Deposits, CCD).
• CCD Combustion Chamber Deposits
• the CCD parameter enables to monitor side effects of washing additives. Some additives, though having good washing properties, may contribute to increased deposit formation in the engine combustion chamber, and an extremely high concentration of such an additive may caused increased deposit formation.
• Deposit quantity in a combustion chamber, when gasoline with an additive is used, should not be higher than 1,300 mg per cylinder or 140% in comparison to the use of the base fuel.
• the proposed composition exhibits prominent washing effect as well as reduces deposit formation in the combustion chamber.
• the most efficient method of controlling formation of deposits in fuels comprising residual products of oil processing is the introduction of additives possessing dispersion properties.
• an efficient additive that may be used for this purpose is the VNII NP-102 additive developed in Russia, which not only prevents deposits from forming in residual fuels, but also ensures washing-out of already formed deposits from fuel systems.
• the VNII NP-102 additive is prescribed by GOST 10585-75 for addition (in a concentration of at least 0.2 wt. %) to F5 and F12 admiralty fuel oils.
• Its latest (and improved) analog is the VNII NP-200 additive (working concentration is from 0.05 to 0.2 wt. %).
• the proposed composition after being added to fuel oil in a concentration from 0.005 to 0.006 wt. %, exhibits pronounced dispersion properties manifesting themselves in prevention of deposit formation, water emulsification, washing-out of deposits already formed.
• the pronounced dispersion properties of the composition were demonstrated during tests at an iron and steel plant using fuel oil as the fuel for open-hearth furnaces and continuous heating furnaces.
• the fuel oil used comprises 1.2% of sulfur.
• 10 liters of the proposed additive were added to the 200 m 3 supplying tank. The tank was left heated for 12 hours.
• a sample of fuel oil was taken, which, according to the laboratory analysis, shoved the sulfur content of 1.5%. This may be explained only by the fact that additional 600 kg of sulfur were contained in the bottom deposit (in heavy fractions, the sulfur content was greater) that was dispersed by the introduced additive.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

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Citations (5)

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• 2015
  • 2015-04-21 RU RU2015114918/04A patent/RU2577857C1/ru active
• 2016
  • 2016-03-03 EP EP16724745.1A patent/EP3287508B1/en active Active
  • 2016-03-03 CN CN201680035943.5A patent/CN107810256A/zh active Pending
  • 2016-03-03 WO PCT/RU2016/000117 patent/WO2016171583A1/ru active Application Filing
  • 2016-03-03 US US15/568,079 patent/US20180134976A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-04-21 AR ARP160101093A patent/AR104334A1/es active IP Right Grant
• 2017
  • 2017-10-19 IL IL255159A patent/IL255159B/he active IP Right Grant
• 2018
  • 2018-09-11 HK HK18111667A patent/HK1252371A1/zh unknown

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