EP3287508A1 - Multi-function universal fuel additive - Google Patents
Multi-function universal fuel additive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3287508A1 EP3287508A1 EP16724745.1A EP16724745A EP3287508A1 EP 3287508 A1 EP3287508 A1 EP 3287508A1 EP 16724745 A EP16724745 A EP 16724745A EP 3287508 A1 EP3287508 A1 EP 3287508A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- additive
- composition
- fuels
- acetanilide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229960001413 acetanilide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- -1 aliphatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 60
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 35
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 19
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002641 tar oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002760 rocket fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2227—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond urea; derivatives thereof; urethane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/223—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2300/00—Mixture of two or more additives covered by the same group of C10L1/00 - C10L1/308
- C10L2300/40—Mixture of four or more components
Definitions
- a fuel additive is known in the art, which is added in a quantity of 0.0001-0.1 wt.% and comprises aliphatic alcohols, carbamide (urea), water and boric acid ( RU Patent
- the additive is intended for direct adding to a fuel in the quantity from 0.005 to 0.006 % on the basis of the fuel weight.
- Test data for reference fuel before (1) and after (2) use of the additive are shown in Table 1.
- Table 1. Test data for reference fuel before (1) and after (2) use of the additive.
- Parameter Car Consumption L/100 km CO 2 , g/km CO, g/km CH, g/km NOx, g/km 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Citro ⁇ n DS3 Essence 5.92 5.41 0.135 0.119 0.601 0.135 0.202 0.045 0.083 0.028 Renault Megane diesel 4.79 4.21 0.125 0.106 0.325 0.195 0.026 0.014 0.292 0.205 1 - reference fuel 2 - reference fuel + additive
- Tests for combustion of a heavy fuel (fuel oil) with the additive were carried out on the DKVr 4-13 GM boiler equipped with a GMG-2 burner, a VDN-10-1000 blow fan and a DN-9-1000 smoke exhauster. Steam flow-rate was measured on the steam conduit according to the standard chart. Air flow-rate was determined according to the design method. The excess air factor and the composition of waste gas components were measured with the use of a Testo 350M/XL gas analyzer.
- the test data were processed in accordance with the heat engineering methodology proposed by M.B. Ravich [ Ravich M.B., Simplified Methodology of Heat Engineering Calculations, M., Publ. House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1966, 407 pp .]. This methodology is based on generalized characteristics. Such characteristics may be used for making comparative heat engineering calculations and for calculating heat losses due to waste gases and due to chemical incomplete combustion, without taking an average fuel sample during tests, determining its composition and combustion heat.
- the proposed composition exhibits prominent washing effect as well as reduces deposit formation in the combustion chamber.
- the most efficient method of controlling formation of deposits in fuels comprising residual products of oil processing is the introduction of additives possessing dispersion properties.
- an efficient additive that may be used for this purpose is the VNII NP-102 additive developed in Russia, which not only prevents deposits from forming in residual fuels, but also ensures washing-out of already formed deposits from fuel systems.
- the VNII NP-102 additive is prescribed by GOST 10585-75 for addition (in a concentration of at least 0.2 wt.%) to F5 and F12 admiralty fuel oils. Its latest (and improved) analog is the VNII NP-200 additive (working concentration is from 0.05 to 0.2 wt.%).
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to the field of oil refining and petrochemistry, in particular to a composition comprising such additive and intended for use in internal combustion engines as well as in boilers and furnaces.
- Today, various additives are known that are used in compositions of modern fuels. There are additives used for bringing fuel quality to standard requirements. The European and US norms strictly limit the sulfur content and aromatic and polycyclic hydrocarbons content of fuels, set a significantly higher level of the cetane number, introduce the index of "fuel lubricating ability". Also, multifunction additive packages for various fuels are in use. Their main purpose is to provide additional performance and ecological properties to fuels which enables to present such fuels as having improved quality.
- An universal additive for fuels used in internal combustion engines is known in the art (
RU Patent No. 2034905 published on 10.05.1995 C1-C4 aliphatic alcohol 52-84 Urea 4-12 Acetic acid 4-12 Water 8-24 - According to the inventors, the use of this additive enables to:
- reduce quantity of pollutant emissions of carburetor engines into the atmosphere by a factor of 2.5-7.5 due to improving fuel combustion efficiency;
- reduce black smoke percent of internal combustion engines in operation by a factor of 5-6;
- improve engine power;
- lower fuel consumption during operation of transportation means;
- prolong service life of engines due to preventing deposit from forming on the working surface of the piston-cylinder unit.
- A drawback of this additive is its high corrosivity and extremely low solubility in a hydrocarbon fuel, which narrows its use and reduces field of application.
- Also, a fuel additive is known in the art, which is added in a quantity of 0.0001-0.1 wt.% and comprises aliphatic alcohols, carbamide (urea), water and boric acid (
RU Patent |No. 2486229 C2-C4 aliphatic alcohols 10-97.99 Carbamide (urea) 1-30 Boric acid 0.01-3 Water 1-85 - The additive as claimed may be used for improving combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel (gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil or rocket fuel) or products of petrochemical or by-product-coking processes, or products of plant raw stock processing, or water-oil or water-coal fuel, or solid fuel, or gaseous fuel. Another objective of the invention is to develop a fuel that increases combustion temperature as well as raises combustion efficiency and completeness, due to which toxicity of combustion products together with fuel corrosive action on fuel system parts may be reduced. The above-discussed additive is the closest to the claimed solution and has been considered as the prototype. One drawback of the above-discussed solution is that boric acid exhibits weak acidic properties, is practically insoluble in hydrocarbons, and is a toxic substance - its combustion leads to boron oxide emission into the atmosphere.
- The objective of the present invention is to develop a more economical and more ecological fuel having improved consumer and technological characteristics.
- The technical effects of the present invention are:
- reduction of specific fuel consumption and quantities of pollutants in exhaust and waste gases, when the fuel blend comprising the additive of the present invention is used,
- provision of a fuel blend with washing properties,
- raising of stability of heavy distillate and residual fuels.
- The set objective is fulfilled and the technical effects are achieved by improving the additive composition in which acetanilide is substituted for boric acid as well as carbamide content is lowered, the content of the components being, in wt.%:
C2-C4 aliphatic alcohols 75.0 - 95.0 Water 4.0 - 20.0 Carbamide 0.1 - 5.0 Acetanilide 0.1 - 5.0. - Preferably, the additive is intended for direct adding to a fuel in the quantity from 0.005 to 0.006 % on the basis of the fuel weight.
- The term "C2-C4 aliphatic alcohols" is understood as a totality of saturated alcohols comprising one or more hydroxyl groups in carbon atoms, a number of carbon atoms being from two to four, and each atom is coupled with not more than one hydroxyl group.
- Known solutions do not disclose acetanilide effect on reducing specific fuel consumption and pollutant quantities in exhaust and waste gases, improving fuel washing properties, or raising fuel stability. The inventor unexpectedly found that addition of acetanilide in a quantity from 0.1 to 5% in combination with the other components of the additive has a significant positive effect on these properties.
- These features of the invention, namely, a combination of C2-C4 aliphatic alcohols, water, carbamide and acetanilide in the said ranges of component ratio, are essential features that are conditioned by the cause-and-effect relation therebetween, forming a totality of essential features being sufficient in order, when a fuel blend with the additive according to this invention is in use, to reduce specific fuel consumption and a quantity of impurities present in exhaust and waste gases, provide said fuel blend with washing properties, and raise stability of heavy distillate and residual fuels simultaneously.
- The proposed additive may be prepared at any enterprise specializing in this industry, because for this well-known materials and standard equipment manufactured by the industry are required.
- The additive may be prepared as follows.
- 800 g of ethylene glycol were put into a 2L Erlenmeyer flask, 17 g of acetanilide were added, and the contents were stirred for 30 minutes until full dissolution. 165 g of distilled water heated to 50°C were put into another 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 18 g of carbamide were added, and the contents were stirred for 10 minutes until full dissolution. The carbamide aqueous solution was added into the acetanilide solution while stirring, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. The additive thus obtained, as was intended for use in gasoline, had the following composition, in wt.%:
- carbamide - 1.8
- acetanilide - 1.7
- ethylene glycol - 80.0
- water - 16.5.
- 900 g of isopropyl alcohol were put into a 2L Erlenmeyer flask, 33 g of acetanilide were added, and the contents were stirred for 15 minutes until full dissolution. 44 g of distilled water heated to 50°C were put into another 200 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 23 g of carbamide were added, and the contents were stirred for 10 minutes until full dissolution. The carbamide aqueous solution was added into the acetanilide solution in ethylene glycol while stirring, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. The additive thus obtained, as was intended for use in diesel fuel, had the following composition, in wt.%:
- carbamide - 2.3
- acetanilide - 3.3
- isopropyl alcohol - 90.0
- water - 4.4.
- 757 g of ethylene glycol were put into a 2L Erlenmeyer flask, 49 g of acetanilide were added, and the contents were stirred for 30 minutes until full dissolution. 152 g of distilled water heated to 50°C were put into another 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 42 g of carbamide were added, and the contents were stirred for 10 minutes until full dissolution. The carbamide aqueous solution was added into the acetanilide solution in ethylene glycol while stirring, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. The additive thus obtained, as was intended for use in fuel oil, had the following composition, in wt.%:
- carbamide - 4.2
- acetanilide - 4.9
- ethylene glycol - 75.7
- water - 15.2.
- The additive according to these three particular embodiments was added into the respective fuel in the quantity of 0.005 wt.%.
- The examples provided below, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way, clearly demonstrate the possibility of achieving the claimed technical effect.
- The measurement methods, as prescribed and standardized, enable to determine fuel consumption and quantity of each particular component of waste gases. The new European driving cycle (NEDC) is obligatory for Europe. This cycle is used for modeling typical driving manner for European roads. Pollutant emissions by, and fuel consumption in, cars are determined on chassis dynamometers. While a car "runs" on chassis dynamometers in accordance with certain driving cycles (NEDC cycle), calibrated measurement systems determine concentrations of separate exhaust components. Waste gases were analyzed according to the CVS method that comprises the following measurements: determination of CH, CO and CO2 concentrations with the use of NDIR (Non-Dispersive-lnfra-Red) infrared absorption analyzers; determination of NOx concentration with the use of apparatus operating under the chemiluminescence principle (CLD, chemiluminescence detector); fuel consumption was calculated according to the "carbon balance" method.
- The tests were carried out on the gasoline car "Citroën DS3 Essence" and the diesel car "Renault Megane diesel". The test data (averaged for three runs) are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Test data for reference fuel before (1) and after (2) use of the additive. Parameter Car Consumption, L/100 km CO2, g/km CO, g/km CH, g/km NOx, g/km 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Citroën DS3 Essence 5.92 5.41 0.135 0.119 0.601 0.135 0.202 0.045 0.083 0.028 Renault Megane diesel 4.79 4.21 0.125 0.106 0.325 0.195 0.026 0.014 0.292 0.205 1 - reference fuel
2 - reference fuel + additive - Tests for combustion of a heavy fuel (fuel oil) with the additive were carried out on the DKVr 4-13 GM boiler equipped with a GMG-2 burner, a VDN-10-1000 blow fan and a DN-9-1000 smoke exhauster. Steam flow-rate was measured on the steam conduit according to the standard chart. Air flow-rate was determined according to the design method. The excess air factor and the composition of waste gas components were measured with the use of a Testo 350M/XL gas analyzer. The test data were processed in accordance with the heat engineering methodology proposed by M.B. Ravich [Ravich M.B., Simplified Methodology of Heat Engineering Calculations, M., Publ. House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1966, 407 pp.]. This methodology is based on generalized characteristics. Such characteristics may be used for making comparative heat engineering calculations and for calculating heat losses due to waste gases and due to chemical incomplete combustion, without taking an average fuel sample during tests, determining its composition and combustion heat.
- The tests were carried out at the following loads on the steam boiler: 40, 60, 80 100%. Due to reduction in excess air and improvement in fuel combustion at all operation modes, improvement in the boiler efficiency was observed. The efficiency improvement was 5% at the rated load and 9.5% at the minimal load in comparison with combustion of the standard fuel. The specific fuel consumption exhibited corresponding reduction. The catalytic activity of the composition added to the fuel oil manifested itself in gradual cleaning of heat-exchange surfaces from deposits. The latter disappeared practically completely by the end of the tests. The nitrogen oxides (NOx) exhaust reduction due to reduction in excess air fed for fuel combustion was 8.5%. Sulfur oxide exhaust reduction, when the boiler was operated on a fuel with the additive, was more significant, amounting to 25%, and after correction of the fuel-air ratio and lowering of the fuel oil heating temperature it was 67% (see Table 2).
Table 2. Performance characteristics of the steam boiler. Characteristics Fuel oil Fuel oil + additive Fuel oil + additive after adjusting fuel-air ratio Steam capacity (adjusted value), tons/hour 2.5-3.7 2.3-3.9 3.1-3.9 Air excess beyond the boiler 1.28-2.08 1.11-1.75 1.04-1.25 Waste gases temperature, °C 295-349 298-340 318-336 Efficiency, % 76.18-82.18 80.08-85.35 84.01-86.51 Specific consumption of reference fuel, kg/Gcal 170.0-181.4 166.8-177.6 164.4-168.2 NOx content of waste gases, mg/m3 1310-1331 1240-1310 1225-1370 SO2 content of waste gases, mg/m3 117.8-138.6 89.2-96.4 24.1-59.6 - Washing effect is understood as ability of the additive to prevent deposits in fuel injectors (Port Fuel Injection - PFI) and on intake valves (Intake Valve Deposits - IVD) from forming, thus ensuring that the initial adjustment of an engine remains unchanged. Deposits in the intake system may cause malfunctions during the engine operation, and any deviations from an optimal composition of a fuel mixture reduce power, increase fuel consumption and exhaust gases toxicity.
- Washing components for gasoline are surfactants comprising polar groups connected to one or more polymeric hydrocarbon tailings. Polar groups are functional groups of a washing component and usually are amines that are absorbed onto metal surfaces and/or onto forming deposit. A polymeric hydrocarbon tailing represents long-chain molecules of polyisobutylene and ensures good solubility in a fuel by ensuring dispersion of particles-precursors of deposit formation.
- The BASF Keropur® additives are based on polyisobutylene amine (for gasolines) and polyisobutylene succinimide (for diesel fuels) that are produced from high-reactivity polyisobutylene (PIB) synthesized in accordance with the patented BASF technology. The Keropur® (Puradd® in the US) washing additives synthesized on the basis of high-reactivity PIB are highly efficient. BASF produces high-reactivity PIB from pure polyisobutylene according to the patented technology, and its composition comprises more than 90% of alpha-olefins.
- The most common washing components for gasolines are based on a PIB-amine active group; however, already for a long time Afton Chemical Corporation has used the patented technology on the basis of the Mannich base, which technology was developed in the early 1970s when Afton Chemical for the first time started commercial production of Mannich washing components based on the PIB-phenol.
- Most US manufacturers add washing additives to gasoline for cars in a concentration from 100 to 200 mg/kg (ppm). However, European manufacturers tend to prevent deposits from forming on valves practically to the fullest degree, and, therefore, add washing additives in a concentration from 300 to 600 mg/kg (ppm).
- A required level of washing properties may be established, for example, in accordance with the recommendations issued by the Worldwide Fuel Charter (WWFC).
- According to the EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) rules, all additives for gasolines should be certified. The additive ability to prevent deposits from forming on intake valves is assessed on a BMW engine according to ASTM D 5500 method. Tests are carried out in the reference fuel having the prescribed composition. The test fuel is produced by mixing commercial components in certain proportions. It is considered that the quality of 65% of US gasoline complies with these requirements.
- Tests are carried on a car for two weeks. When a base fuel without washing additives is used, the minimum quantity of deposits formed at intake valves after the trip of 10,000 miles should be not less than 290 mg per valve. After testing the base fuel, a fuel with a washing additive is tested. A washing additive should ensure that deposits are reduced to a level not more than 100 mg per valve.
- Also, the tests are aimed at assessing the additive influence on the fuel tendency to form deposits in the combustion chamber (Combustion Chamber Deposits, CCD). The CCD parameter enables to monitor side effects of washing additives. Some additives, though having good washing properties, may contribute to increased deposit formation in the engine combustion chamber, and an extremely high concentration of such an additive may caused increased deposit formation. Deposit quantity in a combustion chamber, when gasoline with an additive is used, should not be higher than 1,300 mg per cylinder or 140% in comparison to the use of the base fuel.
- Comparative tests of the composition claimed for protection and its prototype, which were carried out according to the ASTM D 5500 method, showed the results displayed in Table 3.
Table 3. Comparative tests of fuels according to the ASTM D 5500 method. Parameter Fuel Reference Reference + #4 according to the prototype 0.003% Reference + the additive 0.005% Quantity of deposits on intake valves, mg per valve 360 350 196 Deposits in the combustion chamber, mg per cylinder 1618 1680 856 - Thus, the proposed composition exhibits prominent washing effect as well as reduces deposit formation in the combustion chamber.
- It is known in the practice that residual fuels are unstable substances, since their constituent resins (solid pyrobitumens, carbenes and carboides) have density values from 1,070 to 1,300 kg/m3, which is above the density of residual fuel liquid part. Under the action of the natural gravitation, these solid substances, when stored in reservoirs and used in equipment, precipitate in the form of deposits on reservoir bottoms, in fuel filters, pipelines, heaters, engine injection nozzles, thus interfering with the fuel combustion process and requiring that equipment should be periodically cleaned from their sediments. Instability of residual fuels becomes even more actual nowadays, since, when oil processing becomes deeper, they comprise more products of secondary oil processing, namely, leavings of the viscosity breaking and thermal cracking of straight-run products - fuel oil and tar oil. These products are characterized (contrary to straight-run fuel oil and tar oil) by higher aggregative instability of pyrobitumens, which results in their accelerated deposition. Residual fuels, which composition comprise residual cracking products, may not be stored for a long time due to their increased physical instability.
- The most efficient method of controlling formation of deposits in fuels comprising residual products of oil processing is the introduction of additives possessing dispersion properties. As practices show, an efficient additive that may be used for this purpose is the VNII NP-102 additive developed in Russia, which not only prevents deposits from forming in residual fuels, but also ensures washing-out of already formed deposits from fuel systems. The VNII NP-102 additive is prescribed by GOST 10585-75 for addition (in a concentration of at least 0.2 wt.%) to F5 and F12 admiralty fuel oils. Its latest (and improved) analog is the VNII NP-200 additive (working concentration is from 0.05 to 0.2 wt.%).
- The proposed composition, after being added to fuel oil in a concentration from 0.005 to 0.006 wt.%, exhibits pronounced dispersion properties manifesting themselves in prevention of deposit formation, water emulsification, washing-out of deposits already formed.
- In order to evaluate efficiency of the proposed composition and compare it with the existing analog, the method according to
RU Patent No. 2462708 - The pronounced dispersion properties of the composition were demonstrated during tests at an iron and steel plant using fuel oil as the fuel for open-hearth furnaces and continuous heating furnaces. According to the certificate and the incoming inspection results, the fuel oil used comprises 1.2% of sulfur. In order to carry out tests, 10 liters of the proposed additive were added to the 200 m3 supplying tank. The tank was left heated for 12 hours. Before start of the tests a sample of fuel oil was taken, which, according to the laboratory analysis, shoved the sulfur content of 1.5%. This may be explained only by the fact that additional 600 kg of sulfur were contained in the bottom deposit (in heavy fractions, the sulfur content was greater) that was dispersed by the introduced additive.
Claims (2)
- A fuel additive, comprising aliphatic alcohols, water, and carbamide, characterized in that it additionally comprises acetanilide, and the component ratio being, in wt.%:
C2-C4 aliphatic alcohols 75.0 - 95.0 4.0 - 20.0 water 0.1 - 5.0 carbamide 0.1 - 5.0. acetanilide - The fuel additive according to Claim 1, intended for introduction directly into a fuel in a quantity from 0.005 to 0.006% on the basis of the fuel weight.
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RU2015114918/04A RU2577857C1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2015-04-21 | Multifunctional universal fuel additive |
PCT/RU2016/000117 WO2016171583A1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2016-03-03 | Multi-function universal fuel additive |
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EP3287508B1 EP3287508B1 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
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US (1) | US20180134976A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3287508B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN107810256A (en) |
AR (1) | AR104334A1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1252371A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL255159B (en) |
RU (1) | RU2577857C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016171583A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (10)
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US1789302A (en) * | 1929-08-23 | 1931-01-20 | Du Pont | Gum inhibitor for hydrocarbons |
US1941689A (en) * | 1931-07-20 | 1934-01-02 | Selden Co | Motor fuel |
RU2034905C1 (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1995-05-10 | Коллективное малое научно-производственное внедренческое предприятие "Адиоз" | Universal additive agent to the internal-combustion engine fuel |
US6017368A (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2000-01-25 | Steinmann; Henry W | Microemulsion fuel compositions for the internal combustion engine and for oil furnaces |
US6353143B1 (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2002-03-05 | Pennzoil-Quaker State Company | Fuel composition for gasoline powered vehicle and method |
RU2246527C1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-02-20 | Бакланов Анатолий Васильевич | Multifunctional motor fuel antiknock additive |
UA88878C2 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2009-12-10 | Александр Адольфович Озерянский | Universal additive for lubricating oils and fuel materials, fuel for internal combustion engine /variants/, for diesel engine, and furnace fuel |
RU2471858C2 (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2013-01-10 | Игорь Анатольевич Ревенко | Method of increasing rate and completeness of fuel oxidation in combustion systems |
RU2462708C1 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2012-09-27 | Федеральное автономное учреждение "25 Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химмотологии Министерства обороны Российской Федерации" | Method to detect efficiency of dispersing additives to residual fuels |
RU2486229C1 (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-06-27 | Юрий Тимофеевич Цапенко | Fuel additive and fuel containing said additive |
-
2015
- 2015-04-21 RU RU2015114918/04A patent/RU2577857C1/en active
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- 2016-03-03 US US15/568,079 patent/US20180134976A1/en not_active Abandoned
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RU2577857C1 (en) | 2016-03-20 |
CN107810256A (en) | 2018-03-16 |
WO2016171583A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
EP3287508B1 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
IL255159A0 (en) | 2017-12-31 |
HK1252371A1 (en) | 2019-05-24 |
IL255159B (en) | 2020-11-30 |
US20180134976A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
AR104334A1 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
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