US20180087002A1 - Lubricating oil composition for continuously variable transmission - Google Patents

Lubricating oil composition for continuously variable transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180087002A1
US20180087002A1 US15/707,014 US201715707014A US2018087002A1 US 20180087002 A1 US20180087002 A1 US 20180087002A1 US 201715707014 A US201715707014 A US 201715707014A US 2018087002 A1 US2018087002 A1 US 2018087002A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
mass
base oil
composition
lubricating oil
component
Prior art date
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Abandoned
Application number
US15/707,014
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English (en)
Inventor
Hitoshi Komatsubara
Shingo Matsuki
Toshitaka Nakamura
Hiroyuki CHINEN
Yuji Matsui
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eneos Corp
Original Assignee
JXTG Nippon Oil and Energy Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JXTG Nippon Oil and Energy Corp filed Critical JXTG Nippon Oil and Energy Corp
Assigned to JXTG NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION reassignment JXTG NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KOMATSUBARA, HITOSHI, NAKAMURA, TOSHITAKA, CHINEN, Hiroyuki, MATSUI, YUJI, MATSUKI, SHINGO
Publication of US20180087002A1 publication Critical patent/US20180087002A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
    • C10M101/025—Petroleum fractions waxes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/24—Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
    • C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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    • C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
    • C10M2205/143—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/16—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax
    • C10M2205/163—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/144—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
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    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/68—Shear stability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/045—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for continuous variable transmission [CVT]
    • C10N2240/045—

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to lubricating oil compositions for continuously variable transmissions, and more specifically, relates to a lubricating oil composition preferable for metal belt type continuously variable transmissions for automobiles.
  • One means for transmissions to achieve energy efficiency is making lubricating oil less viscous. It is considered that less viscous lubricating oil reduces fluid resistance and drag torque which are caused by viscosity resistance of lubricating oil, and improves power transmission efficiency, and thus makes it possible to improve fuel efficiency.
  • Another means for transmissions to achieve energy efficiency is making transmissions smaller and lighter. Smaller and lighter transmissions offer improvement of fuel consumption of vehicles on which transmissions are mounted. Particularly, higher friction coefficients between metals allow continuously variable transmissions (for example, metal belt type continuously variable transmissions) to be downsized. Thus, it is desirable that lubricating oil used in continuously variable transmissions keep high friction coefficients between metals.
  • Patent Literature 1 JP 2014-196396 A
  • Patent Literature 2 JP 4663843 B
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition for a continuously variable transmission which achieves improved fuel efficiency and friction coefficients between metals while the composition satisfies anti-seizure performance, anti-wear performance, and a fatigue life which are demanded of continuously variable transmission oil.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a lubricating oil composition for a continuously variable transmission comprising: (A) a lubricant base oil; (B) a borate ester compound in an amount of 25 to 500 mass ppm in terms of boron (as boron atom content) on the basis of the total mass of the composition; (C) phosphoric acid in an amount of 100 to 750 mass ppm in terms of phosphorus (as phosphorus atom content) on the basis of the total mass of the composition; (D) a poly(meth)acrylate having a weight average molecular weight of no more than 100,000, wherein the lubricating oil composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of no more than 25 mm 2 /s.
  • (meth)acrylate means “acrylate and/or methacrylate”.
  • the lubricating oil composition for a continuously variable transmission further comprises: (E) a thiadiazole compound in an amount of 180 to 900 mass ppm in terms of sulfur (as sulfur atom content) on the basis of the total mass of the composition, wherein a ratio (B+P)/S of a sum of a boron content B (unit: mass ppm) in the composition derived from the component (B) and a phosphorus content P (unit: mass ppm) in the composition to a sulfur content S (unit: mass ppm) in the composition derived from the component (E) is 1 to 3.
  • a ratio (B+P)/S of a sum of a boron content B (unit: mass ppm) in the composition derived from the component (B) and a phosphorus content P (unit: mass ppm) in the composition to a sulfur content S (unit: mass ppm) in the composition derived from the component (E) is 1 to 3.
  • the (A) lubricant base oil comprises: (A1) a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of no more than 2.8 mm 2 /s, a viscosity index of no less than 110, and % C P of no less than 90, in an amount of 30 to 100 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the lubricant base oil, the (A) lubricant base oil optionally comprises: (A2) an API group III base oil or group IV base oil or mixture thereof, having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C.
  • the (A) lubricant base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of no more than 3.4 mm 2 /s.
  • the component (B) is at least one borate ester compound represented by the following general formula (1):
  • R 1 is a hydrocarbyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 30; and R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 30.
  • the present invention can provide a lubricating oil composition for a continuously variable transmission which achieves improved fuel efficiency and friction coefficients between metals while the composition satisfies anti-seizure performance, anti-wear performance, and a fatigue life which are demanded of continuously variable transmission oil.
  • a base oil consisting of at least one selected from mineral base oils and synthetic base oils can be used as a lubricant base oil in the lubricating oil composition for a continuously variable transmission of the present invention (hereinafter may be referred to as “continuously variable transmission oil” or “lubricating oil composition”) without any limitation.
  • mineral base oils include paraffinic or naphthenic mineral base oils obtained through at least one of refining processes such as solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, hydroisomerizing, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, and hydrorefining on lubricant oil fractions obtained by vacuum distillation of atmospheric residue obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil, wax isomerized mineral oils, and base oils produced by a process including isomerizing GTL WAX (gas to liquid wax).
  • refining processes such as solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, hydroisomerizing, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, and hydrorefining on lubricant oil fractions obtained by vacuum distillation of atmospheric residue obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil, wax isomerized mineral oils, and base oils produced by a process including isomerizing GTL WAX (gas to liquid wax).
  • Hydrocracked mineral base oils, and/or wax isomerized isoparaffinic base oils that are obtained by isomerizing raw material containing 50 mass % or more of petroleum wax or GTL wax (for example, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil) can be preferably used as mineral base oils.
  • GTL wax for example, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil
  • synthetic base oils include poly- ⁇ -olefins (such as ethylene-propylene copolymer, polybutene, 1-octene oligomer, and 1-decene oligomer) or hydrogenated products thereof; monoesters (such as butyl stearate, and octyl laurate); diesters (such as ditridecyl glutarate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) azipate, diisodecyl azipate, ditridecyl azipate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate); polyesters (such as trimellitate esters); polyol esters (such as trimethylolpropane caprylate, trimethylolpropane pelargonate, pentaerythritol 2-ethylhexanoate, and pentaerythritol pelargonate); aromatic synthetic oils (such as alkylbenzene, alkyln
  • % C P of a mineral base oil is no less than 70, and more preferably no less than 80; and usually no more than 99, and preferably no more than 95.
  • a mineral base oil having % C P of this lower limit or above makes it possible to improve viscosity-temperature characteristics, thermal and oxidation stability, and friction properties.
  • a mineral base oil having % C P of this upper limit or below makes it possible to improve solubility of additives.
  • % C A of a mineral base oil is no more than 2, more preferably no more than 1, further preferably no more than 0.8, and especially preferably no more than 0.5.
  • a mineral base oil having % C A of this upper limit or below makes it possible to improve viscosity-temperature characteristics, thermal and oxidation stability, and fuel efficiency.
  • % C N of a mineral base oil is no more than 30, and more preferably no more than 25; and preferably no less than 1, and more preferably no less than 4.
  • a mineral base oil having % C N of this upper limit or below makes it possible to improve viscosity-temperature characteristics, thermal and oxidation stability, and friction properties.
  • a mineral base oil having % C N of this lower limit or above makes it possible to improve solubility of additives.
  • % C P , % C N and % C A mean percentage of the paraffin carbon number to all the carbon atoms, percentage of the naphthene carbon number to all the carbon atoms, and percentage of the aromatic carbon number to all the carbon atoms, which are obtained by the method conforming to ASTM D 3238-85 (n-d-M ring analysis), respectively. That is, the above described preferred ranges of % C P , % C N , and % C A are based on values obtained according to the above method. For example, the value of % C N obtained according to the above method can indicate more than 0 even if a mineral base oil does not contain any naphthenes.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant base oil at 100° C. is preferably no more than 6.0 mm 2 /s, more preferably no more than 4.5 mm 2 /s, and especially preferably no more than 3.4 mm 2 /s; and preferably no less than 2.0 mm 2 /s, more preferably no less than 2.5 mm 2 /s, and especially preferably no less than 2.6 mm 2 /s.
  • the base oil having kinematic viscosity of this upper limit or below at 100° C. leads to good low-temperature viscosity properties of the lubricating oil composition, and makes it possible to improve fuel efficiency.
  • kinematic viscosity at 100° C means kinematic viscosity at 100° C., which is specified by ASTM D-445.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant base oil at 40° C. is preferably no more than 40 mm 2 /s, more preferably no more than 30 mm 2 /s, further preferably no more than 25 mm 2 /s, and especially preferably no more than 20 mm 2 /s; and preferably no less than 8.0 mm 2 /s, more preferably no less than 8.5 mm 2 /s, and especially preferably no less than 9.0 mm 2 /s.
  • the lubricant base oil having kinematic viscosity of this upper limit or below at 40° C. leads to good low-temperature viscosity properties of the lubricating oil composition, and makes it possible to improve fuel efficiency.
  • kinematic viscosity at 40° C. means kinematic viscosity at 40° C., which is specified by ASTM D-445.
  • the viscosity index of the lubricant base oil is preferably no less than 100, more preferably no less than 110, and further preferably no less than 115.
  • the base oil having viscosity index of this lower limit or above makes it possible to improve viscosity-temperature characteristics, thermal and oxidation stability, and even anti-wear properties.
  • the viscosity index in this specification means a viscosity index measured conforming to JIS K 2283-1993.
  • the pour point of the lubricant base oil is preferably no more than ⁇ 10° C., more preferably no more than ⁇ 12.5° C., further preferably no more than ⁇ 15° C., especially preferably no more than ⁇ 17.5° C., and most preferably no more than ⁇ 20.0° C.
  • the pour point beyond this upper limit tends to lead to deteriorated low-temperature fluidity of whole of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the pour point in this specification means a pour point measured conforming to JIS K 2269-1987.
  • the sulfur content in the lubricant base oil is, in view of oxidation stability, preferably no more than 1.5 mass %, and more preferably no more than 1.0 mass %.
  • the following base oil (hereinafter may be referred to as “lubricant base oil according to this embodiment”) is preferably used as the lubricant base oil in the lubricant oil composition of the present invention: the base oil comprising (A1) a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of no more than 2.8 mm 2 /s, a viscosity index of no less than 110, and % C P of no less than 90, in an amount of 30 to 100 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the lubricant base oil; and optionally comprising (A2) an API group III base oil or group IV base oil or mixture thereof, having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C.
  • the lubricant base oil according to this embodiment makes it possible to reduce oil film thickness in a transition regime (mixed lubrication regime) between a hydrodynamic lubrication regime and a boundary lubrication regime, to improve friction coefficients between metals.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the base oil (A1) at 100° C. is no more than 2.8 mm 2 /s, and preferably no more than 2.7 mm 2 /s; and preferably no less than 1.5 mm 2 /s, and more preferably no less than 2.0 mm 2 /s.
  • the base oil (A1) having kinematic viscosity of this upper limit or below at 100° C. makes it possible to improve friction coefficients between metals.
  • the base oil (A1) having kinematic viscosity of this lower limit or above at 100° C. leads to enough oil film formation at lubricating points, which makes it possible to improve lubricity.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the base oil (A1) at 40° C. is preferably no more than 15 mm 2 /s, and more preferably no more than 10 mm 2 /s; and preferably no less than 2.0 mm 2 /s, and more preferably no less than 5.0 mm 2 /s.
  • the base oil (A1) having kinematic viscosity of this upper limit or below at 40° C. makes it easy to improve friction coefficients between metals.
  • the base oil (A1) having kinematic viscosity of this lower limit or above at 40° C. leads to enough oil film formation at a lubricating point, which makes it possible to improve lubricity.
  • the viscosity index of the base oil (A1) is no less than 110.
  • the base oil (A1) having viscosity index of 110 or more makes it easy to improve friction coefficients between metals.
  • the upper limit thereof is not restricted, normally no more than 150, and preferably no more than 135.
  • the base oil (A1) has % C P of no less than 90.
  • the base oil (A1) having % C P of 90 or more leads to good thermal and oxidation stability.
  • the upper limit thereof is not restricted, normally no more than 99, and in view of solubility of additives, preferably no more than 95.
  • the base oil (A1) has % C A of no more than 1, more preferably no more than 0.8, and especially preferably no more than 0.5.
  • the base oil may have % C A of 0.
  • the base oil (A1) having % C A of this upper limit or below makes it possible to improve viscosity-temperature characteristics, thermal and oxidation stability, and fuel efficiency.
  • a mineral base oil having the above described properties can be used as the base oil (A1) without any limitation.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the base oil (A2) at 100° C. is 3 to 10 mm 2 /s, preferably no more than 8.0 mm 2 /s, more preferably no more than 6.0 mm 2 /s, and further preferably no more than 4.5 mm 2 /s.
  • the base oil (A2) having kinematic viscosity of this upper limit or below at 100° C. makes it possible to improve friction coefficients between metals.
  • the base oil (A2) having kinematic viscosity of this lower limit or above at 100° C. leads to enough oil film formation at a lubricating point, which makes it possible to improve lubricity.
  • the base oil (A2) is a group III base oil or group IV base oil in API classification, or mixture thereof, and preferably a group III base oil.
  • a group III base oil is a mineral base oil having the sulfur content of 0.03 mass % or less, the saturated content of 90 mass % or more, and a viscosity index of 120 or more.
  • Group IV base oils are poly- ⁇ -olefins.
  • the content of the base oil (A1) in the lubricant base oil according to this embodiment is no less than 30 mass %, is preferably no less than 35 mass %, and may be 100 mass %, on the basis of the total mass of the lubricant base oil.
  • “the content of the base oil (A1) is 100 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the lubricant base oil” means that the lubricant base oil consists of the base oil (A1).
  • the content of the base oil (A2) in the lubricant base oil according to this embodiment is no more than 70 mass %, is preferably no more than 65 mass %, and may be 0 mass %, on the basis of the total mass of the lubricant base oil.
  • “the content of the base oil (A2) is 0 mass %” means that the lubricant base oil does not contain the base oil (A2).
  • the content of the base oil other than the base oils (A1) and (A2) in the lubricant base oil according to this embodiment is no more than 4 mass %, is preferably no more than 1 mass %, and may be 0 mass %, on the basis of the total mass of the lubricant base oil.
  • “the content of the base oil other than the base oils (A1) and (A2) is 0 mass %” means that the lubricant base oil consists of the base oil (A1) and (optionally) the base oil (A2).
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains a borate ester compound (hereinafter may be referred to as “component (B)”).
  • At least one borate ester compound represented by the following general formula (1) can be used as the component (B).
  • R 1 is a hydrocarbyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 30; and R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 30.
  • hydrocarbyl group examples include an alkyl group (that may have a ring structure), an alkenyl group (that have a double bond at any position, and may have a ring structure), an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, an alkenylaryl group, an arylalkyl group, and an arylalkenyl group.
  • Examples of the alkyl group include various linear and branched alkyl groups.
  • Examples of the alkyl group having a ring structure include an alkylcycloalkyl group and a cycloalkylalkyl group.
  • Examples of the cycloalkyl group include cycloalkyl groups having carbon number of 5 to 7 such as cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, and cycloheptyl group.
  • a cycloalkyl ring may be substituted in any position.
  • Examples of the alkenyl group include various linear and branched alkenyl groups.
  • Examples of the alkenyl group having a ring structure include an alkylcycloalkenyl group, an alkenylcycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenylalkyl group, and a cycloalkenylalkenyl group.
  • the cycloalkyl group is the same as the above.
  • Examples of the cycloalkenyl group include cycloalkenyl groups having carbon number of 5 to 7 such as cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, and cycloheptenyl group.
  • a cycloalkenyl ring and a cycloalkyl ring may be substituted in any position.
  • aryl group examples include phenyl group and naphthyl group.
  • An aryl group may have a hydrocarbyl substituent.
  • an aryl group may be substituted in any position.
  • the hydrocarbyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 30 in the above general formula (1) is preferably an alkyl or alkenyl group, and more preferably an alkyl group.
  • the above described carbon number is preferably no less than 3, and more preferably no less than 5; and preferably no more than 24, and more preferably no more than 12.
  • the hydrocarbyl group having a carbon number of this lower limit or above makes it possible to improve solubility, and friction coefficients between metals.
  • the hydrocarbyl group having carbon number beyond this upper limit tends to lead to decreased friction coefficients between metals.
  • R 2 and R 3 are a hydrogen atom, and more preferably both R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen atoms.
  • component (B) of such an embodiment makes it possible to strengthen a lubricating film in a boundary lubrication regime, and to improve anti-seizure performance and anti-wear performance.
  • component (B) is a borate ester compound represented by above general formula (1) wherein R 1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having a carbon number of 3 to 12, and R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen atoms.
  • the content of the component (B) in the lubricating oil composition is 25 to 500 mass ppm, preferably no more than 400 mass ppm, and more preferably no more than 300 mass ppm, in terms of boron (as boron atom content) on the basis of the total mass of the composition.
  • the content of the component (B) of this lower limit or above makes it possible to strengthen a lubricating film in a boundary lubrication regime, and to improve anti-seizure performance and anti-wear performance.
  • the content of the component (B) of this upper limit or below makes it possible to strengthen a lubricating film in a boundary lubrication regime, to improve anti-seizure performance, and to lengthen a fatigue life.
  • the lubricant oil composition of the present invention contains phosphoric acid (hereinafter may be referred to as “component (C)”).
  • At least one phosphoric acid selected from orthophosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, condensed phosphoric acids, and metaphosphoric acid can be used as the component (C).
  • Orthophosphoric aicd and/or metaphosphoric acid is/are preferable, and orthophosphoric acid is especially preferable as the component (C).
  • the content of the component (C) in the lubricating oil composition is 100 to 750 mass ppm, preferably no less than 120 mass ppm, and especially preferably no less than 140 mass ppm, in terms of phosphorus (as phosphorus atom content) on the basis of the total mass of the composition.
  • the content of the component (C) of this lower limit or above makes it possible to strengthen a lubricating film in a boundary lubrication regime, and to improve anti-seizure performance and anti-wear performance.
  • the content of the component (C) of this upper limit or below makes it possible to strengthen a lubricating film in a boundary lubrication regime, to improve anti-seizure performance, and to lengthen a fatigue life.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains a poly(meth)acrylate having a weight average molecular weight of no more than 100,000 (hereinafter may be referred to as “component (D)”).
  • component (D) poly(meth)acrylate having a weight average molecular weight of no more than 100,000
  • the component (D) may be either a dispersant or non-dispersant poly(meth)acrylate.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the component (D) is no more than 100,000, preferably no more than 80,000, and more preferably no more than 60,000; and preferably no less than 10,000, and more preferably no less than 15,000.
  • the component (D) having a weight average molecular weight of this upper limit or below makes it possible to improve shear stability of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the component (D) having a weight average molecular weight of this lower limit or above makes it easy to improve a viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the component (D) functions as a viscosity index improver.
  • the content of the component (D) in the lubricating oil composition can be a content such that the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil composition at 40° C. becomes within the range described later.
  • Specific content of the component (D) varies according to the weight average molecular weight of the component (D). For example, the content may be 5 to 20 mass % on the basis of the total mass (100 mass %) of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably contains at least one thiadiazole compound (hereinafter may be referred to as “component (E)”).
  • Examples of the component (E) include a 1,3,4-thiadiazole compound represented by the following general formula (2), a 1,2,4-thiadiazole compound represented by the following general formula (3), and a 1,4,5-thiadiazole compound represented by the following general formula (4).
  • R 4 and R 5 may be either the same or different, and each independently represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 20; and a and b may be either the same or different, and each independently represent an integer of 0 to 8.
  • a thiadiazole compound represented by any of the above general formulae (2) to (4) and having a hydrocarbyldithio group can be especially preferably used among the above thiadiazole compounds.
  • the content of the component (E) in the lubricating oil composition is 180 to 900 mass ppm, and preferably 300 to 900 mass ppm, in terms of sulfur (as sulfur atom content) on the basis of the total mass of the composition.
  • the content of the component (E) of this lower limit or above makes it easy to improve anti-seizure performance, anti-wear performance, and friction coefficients between metals, and to lengthen a fatigue life.
  • the content of the component (E) of this upper limit or below makes it easy to improve anti-seizure performance, and to lengthen a fatigue life.
  • the ratio (B+P)/S of the sum of the boron content B (unit: mass ppm) in the composition derived from the component (B) and the total phosphorus content P (unit: mass ppm) in the composition, to the sulfur content S (unit: mass ppm) in the composition derived from the component (E) is preferably 1 to 3, more preferably no less than 1.2, and further preferably no less than 1.4; and more preferably no more than 2.7, further preferably no more than 2.4, further more preferably no more than 2.2, especially preferably no more than 2.0, and most preferably no more than 1.8.
  • the ratio (B+P)/S of this lower limit or above makes it easy to improve anti-seizure performance, and to lengthen a fatigue life.
  • the ratio (B+P)/S of this upper limit or below makes it easy to improve anti-seizure performance, anti-wear performance, and friction coefficients between metals, and to lengthen a fatigue life.
  • the lubricant oil composition may further contain a metallic detergent (hereinafter may be referred to as “component (F)”).
  • component (F) a metallic detergent
  • a known metallic detergent such as a sulfonate detergent, a phenate detergent and a salicylate detergent can be used as the component (F), and (a) sulfonate and/or salicylate detergent(s) can be preferably used.
  • a sulfonate detergent include alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl aromatic sulfonic acids obtained by sulfonation of alkylaromatics, and basic or overbased salts thereof.
  • the weight-average molecular weight of the alkylaromatics is preferably 400 to 1500, and more preferably 700 to 1300.
  • alkaline earth metals include magnesium, barium, and calcium, and magnesium and calcium are preferable.
  • alkyl aromatic sulfonic acids include what is called petroleum sulfonic acids and synthetic sulfonic acids.
  • petroleum sulfonic acids here include sulfonated products of alkylaromatics of lubricant oil fractions derived from mineral oils, and what is called mahogany acid, which is a side product of white oils.
  • Examples of synthetic sulfonic acids include sulfonated products of alkylbenzene having a linear or branched alkyl group, obtained by recovering side products in a manufacturing plant of alkylbenzene, which is raw material of detergents, or by alkylating benzene with a polyolefin.
  • Other examples of synthetic sulfonic acids include sulfonated products of alkylnaphthalenes such as dinonylnaphthalene.
  • Sulfonating agents used when sulfonating these alkylaromatics are not limited. For example, a fuming sulfuric acid or a sulfuric anhydride can be used as a sulfonating agent.
  • Preferred examples of a phenate detergent include overbased salts of alkaline earth metal salts of compounds having the structure represented by the following general formula (5).
  • R 6 is a C 6 -C 21 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl or alkenyl group; c is a polymerization degree, representing an integer of 1 to 10; A is a sulfide (—S—) group or methylene (—CH 2 —) group; and d is an integer of 1 to 3.
  • R 6 may be combination of at least two different groups.
  • the carbon number of R 6 in the formula (5) is preferably 9 to 18, and more preferably 9 to 15. If the carbon number of R 6 is less than 6, the solubility in the base oil might be poor. On the other hand, if the carbon number of R 6 is beyond 21, it is difficult to be produced and thermal stability might be poor.
  • the polymerization degree c in the formula (5) is preferably 1 to 3.
  • the polymerization degree c within this range makes it possible to improve thermal stability.
  • Preferred examples of a salicylate detergent include alkaline earth metal salicylates, and basic or overbased salts thereof.
  • Preferred examples of alkaline earth metal salicylates include compounds represented by the following general formula (6).
  • M is an alkaline earth metal, and preferably calcium or magnesium.
  • an alkaline earth metal salicylate can be obtained by: making a metal base such as an oxide and hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal react with monoalkylsalicylic acid obtained by alkylating a phenol as starting material with an olefin, and then carboxylating the resultant with carbonic acid gas or the like, monoalkylsalicylic acid obtained by alkylating a salicylic acid as starting material with an equivalent of the olefin, or the like; once converting the above monoalkylsalicylic acid or the like to an alkali metal salt such as a sodium salt and potassium salt, and then performing transmetallation with an alkaline earth metal salt; or the like.
  • a metal base such as an oxide and hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal react with monoalkylsalicylic acid obtained by alkylating a phenol as starting material with an olefin, and then carboxylating the resultant with carbonic acid gas or the like, monoalkylsalicy
  • the component (F) may be overbased.
  • a method for obtaining overbased calcium sulfonate, phenate or sulfonate is not limited.
  • an alkaline earth metal sulfonate, phenate, or salicylate is made to react with a base such as calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide in the presence of carbonic acid gas.
  • the content is preferably 100 to 1200 mass ppm, more preferably no less than 200 mass ppm, and more preferably no more than 1000 mass ppm, in terms of metal (as metal element content) on the basis of the total mass of the composition.
  • the content of the component (F) within this range makes it possible to further improve friction properties of wet clutches.
  • the lubricating oil composition may further contain an ashless dispersant (hereinafter may be referred to as “component (G)”).
  • component (G) an ashless dispersant
  • At least one compound selected from the following (G-1) to (G-3) can be used as the component (G):
  • (G-1) succinimide having at least one alkyl or alkenyl group in its molecule, or a derivative thereof (hereinafter may be referred to as “component (G-1)”);
  • (G-2) benzylamine having at least one alkyl or alkenyl group in its molecule, or a derivative thereof (hereinafter may be referred to as “component (G-2)”); and
  • the component (G-1) can be especially preferably used as the component (G).
  • succinimide having at least one alkyl or alkenyl group in its molecule among the component (G-1) include compounds represented by the following formula (7) or (8).
  • R 8 is a C 40 -C 400 alkyl or alkenyl group; f represents an integer of 1 to 5, and preferably 2 to 4.
  • the carbon number of R 8 is preferably no less than 60, and preferably no more than 350.
  • R 9 and R 10 are each independently a C 40 -C 400 alkyl or alkenyl group, and may be combination of different groups.
  • R 9 and R 10 are especially preferably polybutenyl groups.
  • g represents an integer of 0 to 4, and preferably 1 to 3.
  • the carbon numbers of R 9 and R 10 are preferably no less than 60, and preferably no more than 350.
  • R 8 to R 10 in the formulae (7) and (8) having carbon numbers of these lower limits or over make it possible to obtain good solubility in the lubricant base oil.
  • R 8 to R 10 having carbon numbers of these upper limits or below make it possible to improve low-temperature fluidity of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the alkyl or alkenyl groups (R 8 to R 10 ) in the formulae (7) and (8) may be linear or branched. Preferred examples thereof include branched alkyl groups and branched alkenyl groups derived from oligomers of olefins such as propylene, 1-butene, and isobutene, or from co-oligomers of ethylene and propylene. Among them, a branched alkyl or alkenyl group derived from an oligomer of isobutene that is conventionally referred to as polyisobutylene, or a polybutenyl group is most preferable.
  • a preferred number average molecular weight of the alkyl or alkenyl group (R 8 to R 10 ) in the formulae (7) and (8) is 800 to 3500.
  • Succinimide having at least one alkyl or alkenyl group in its molecule includes so-called monotype succinimide represented by the formula (7) where succinic anhydride terminates only one end of a polyamine chain, and so-called bistype succinimide represented by the formula (8) where succinic anhydride terminates both ends of a polyamine chain.
  • the lubricating oil composition may include either monotype or bistype succinimide, and may include both of them as a mixture.
  • a method for producing succinimide having at least one alkyl or alkenyl group in its molecule is not limited.
  • such succinimide can be obtained by: making alkyl succinic acid or alkenyl succinic acid obtained by making a compound having a C 40 -C 400 alkyl or alkenyl group react with maleic anhydride at 100 to 200° C., react with a polyamine.
  • examples of a polyamine include diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, and pentaethylenehexamine.
  • Examples of benzylamine having at least one alkyl or alkenyl group in its molecule among the component (G-2) include compounds represented by the following formula (9).
  • R 11 is a C 40 -C 400 alkyl or alkenyl group; and h represents an integer of 1 to 5, and preferably 2 to 4.
  • the carbon number of is preferably no less than 60, and preferably no more than 350.
  • a method for producing the component (G-2) is not limited. Examples of such a method include: making a polyolefin such as a propylene oligomer, polybutene, and an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer, react with a phenol, to give an alkylphenol; and then making formaldehyde, and a polyamine such as diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, and pentaethylenehexamine, react with the alkylphenol by Mannich reaction.
  • a polyolefin such as a propylene oligomer, polybutene, and an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer
  • Examples of a polyamine having at least one alkyl or alkenyl group in its molecule among the component (G-3) include compounds represented by the following formula (10).
  • R 12 is a C 40 -C 400 alkyl or alkenyl group; and i represents an integer of 1 to 5, and preferably 2 to 4.
  • the carbon number of R 12 is preferably no less than 60, and preferably no more than 350.
  • a method for producing the component (G-3) is not limited. Examples of such a method include: chlorinating a polyolefin such as a propylene oligomer, polybutene, and an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer; and then making ammonia, or a polyamine such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, and pentaethylenehexamine react with the chlorinated polyolefin.
  • a polyolefin such as a propylene oligomer, polybutene, and an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer
  • ammonia or a polyamine such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, and pentaethylenehexamine react with the chlorinated polyolefin.
  • Examples of derivatives among the components (G-1) to (G-3) include (i) oxygen-containing organic compound-modified products where a part or all of the residual amino groups and/or imino groups is/are neutralized or amidated by making a C 1 -C 30 monocarboxylic acid such as fatty acids, a C 2 -C 30 polycarboxylic acid (such as ethanedioic acid, phthalic acid, trimellitic acid, and pyromellitic acid), an anhydride or ester thereof, a C 2 -C 6 alkylene oxide, or a hydroxy(poly)oxyalkylene carbonate react with the above described succinimide, benzylamine or polyamine having at least one alkyl or alkenyl group in its molecule (hereinafter referred to as “the above described nitrogen-containing compound”); (ii) boron-modified products where a part or all of the residual amino groups and/or imino groups is/are neutralized or amidated by making boric
  • the molecular weight of the component (G) is not restricted, and the weight-average molecular weight thereof is preferably 1000 to 20000.
  • the content thereof is, in terms of nitrogen on the basis of the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, preferably 100 to 2000 mass ppm, more preferably no less than 500 mass ppm, and more preferably no more than 1000 mass ppm.
  • the content of the component (G) of this lower limit or over makes it possible to improve anti-coking performance (thermal stability) of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the content of the component (G) of this upper limit or below makes it possible to further improve fuel efficiency.
  • the boron content derived from the component (G) in the lubricating oil composition is, on the basis of the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, preferably 50 to 500 mass ppm, more preferably no less than 100 mass ppm, and more preferably no more than 300 mass ppm.
  • the boron content derived from the component (G) of this upper limit or below makes it possible to further improve fuel efficiency.
  • the lubricating oil composition may further contain a phosphorus-based anti-wear agent (hereinafter may be referred to as “component (H)”).
  • component (H) a phosphorus-based anti-wear agent
  • one agent may be used alone or at least two agents may be used in combination.
  • Examples of the component (H) include zinc dialkyldithophosphate, phosphoric acid monoesters, phosphoric acid diesters, phosphoric acid triesters, phosphorous acid monoesters, phosphorous acid diesters, phosphorous acid triesters, salts of phosphoric acid incomplete esters, salts of phosphorous acid incomplete esters, and mixture thereof.
  • compounds other than phosphorous acid are usually compounds having hydrocarbon groups of C 2 to C 30, preferably C 3 to C 20 .
  • hydrocarbon groups of C 2 to C 30 include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an alkyl-substituted aryl group, and aryl-substituted alkyl group.
  • These alkyl groups may be either linear or branched.
  • Examples of the above described salts of phosphoric acid incomplete esters and salts of phosphorous acid incomplete esters include salts where a part or all of the residual acidic hydrogen is/are neutralized by making a nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia and amine compounds containing only a C 1 to C 8 hydrocarbon group or C 1 to C 8 hydroxy group-containing hydrocarbon group in their molecules react with phosphoric acid monoester, phosphoric acid diester, phosphorous acid monoester, or phosphorous acid diester, or mixture thereof.
  • a nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia and amine compounds containing only a C 1 to C 8 hydrocarbon group or C 1 to C 8 hydroxy group-containing hydrocarbon group in their molecules react with phosphoric acid monoester, phosphoric acid diester, phosphorous acid monoester, or phosphorous acid diester, or mixture thereof.
  • Phosphorous acid ester or its salt can be preferably used as the component (H). Phosphorous acid incomplete ester or its salt is more preferable, and phosphorous acid incomplete ester or its salt having a hydrocarbon group having 8 or less carbon atoms is especially preferable.
  • the content thereof is preferably 100 to 2000 mass ppm, more preferably no less than 200 mass ppm, and more preferably no more than 1000 mass ppm, in terms of phosphorus on the basis of the total mass of the composition.
  • the content of the component (H) of this lower limit or above makes it possible to further improve anti-wear performance and friction coefficients between metals.
  • the content of the component (H) of this upper limit or below makes it possible to improve oxidation stability and compatibility with sealing.
  • the lubricating oil composition may further contain a friction modifier (hereinafter may be referred to as “component (I)”).
  • component (I) a friction modifier
  • one friction modifier may be used alone or at least two friction modifiers may be used in combination.
  • a compound used as a friction modifier in the field of lubricant oil can be used without particular limitation.
  • a friction modifier include C 6 -C 50 compounds containing, in their molecules, at least one heteroatom selected from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom.
  • any ashless friction modifier such as aliphatic amine compounds; aliphatic imide compounds; and fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, fatty acid hydrazides, fatty acid metal salts, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic ethers, and aliphatic urea compounds, each having at least one C 6 -C 30 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group in its molecule, can be preferably used.
  • aliphatic amine compounds include C 6 -C 30 linear or branched, preferably linear aliphatic monoamines; C 6 -C 30 linear or branched, preferably linear aliphatic polyamines; and alkylene oxide adducts of these aliphatic amines.
  • aliphatic imide compounds include succinimide having a C 6 -C 30 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group; and modified products thereof by carboxylic acids, boric acid, phosphoric acid, or sulfuric acid.
  • fatty acid esters include esters of C 6 -C 30 linear or branched, preferably linear fatty acids, and aliphatic monoalcohols or aliphatic polyols.
  • fatty acid amides include amides of C 6 -C 30 linear or branched, preferably linear fatty acids, and aliphatic monoamines or aliphatic polyamines, or ammonia.
  • fatty acid hydrazides include condensation products of C 6 -C 30 linear or branched, preferably linear fatty acids, and unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrazines.
  • fatty acid metal salts include alkaline earth metal salts (such as a magnesium salt and a calcium salt) and a zinc salt of C 6 -C 30 linear or branched, preferably linear fatty acids.
  • the content thereof is preferably 0.01 to 2 mass %, more preferably no less than 0.1 mass %, and further preferably no less than 0.3 mass %; and more preferably no more than 1.0 mass %, and further preferably no more than 0.8 mass %, on the basis of the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the content of the component (I) of this lower limit or over makes it possible to improve shudder prevention performance.
  • the content of the component (I) of this upper limit or below makes it possible to further improve friction coefficients between metals.
  • the lubricating oil composition may further contain at least one additive selected from anti-wear agents or extreme-pressure agents other than the component (H), antioxidants, pour point depressants other than the component (D), corrosion inhibitors other than the component (E), anti-rust agents, metal deactivators other than the component (E), defoaming agents, demulsifiers, and coloring agents.
  • at least one additive selected from anti-wear agents or extreme-pressure agents other than the component (H), antioxidants, pour point depressants other than the component (D), corrosion inhibitors other than the component (E), anti-rust agents, metal deactivators other than the component (E), defoaming agents, demulsifiers, and coloring agents.
  • anti-wear agents or extreme-pressure agents other than the component (H) include sulfur-based compounds such as disulfides, sulfurized olefins, and sulfurized oils.
  • sulfur-based compounds such as disulfides, sulfurized olefins, and sulfurized oils.
  • the content thereof is usually 0.01 to 5 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • antioxidants examples include phenolic or amine ashless antioxidants, and copper or molybdenum metallic antioxidants.
  • phenolic ashless antioxidants include 4,4′-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), and 4,4′-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); and examples of amine ashless antioxidants include phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, alkylphenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, and dialkyldiphenylamine.
  • the content thereof is usually 0.01 to 5 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • a known pour point depressant such as a polymethacrylate polymer can be used as a pour point depressant other than the component (D), according to properties of the lubricant base oil to be used.
  • the content thereof is usually 0.05 to 1 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • a known corrosion inhibitor such as a benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, and imidazole compound can be used as a corrosion inhibitor other than the component (E).
  • the content thereof is usually 0.005 to 5 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • a known anti-rust agent such as petroleum sulfonate, alkylbenzenesulfonate, dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate, alkenylsuccinate esters, and polyol esters can be used as an anti-rust agent.
  • the lubricating oil composition contains an anti-rust agent, the content thereof is usually 0.005 to 5 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • a known metal deactivator such as imidazoline, pyrimidine derivatives, mercaptobenzothiazole, benzotriazole and their derivatives, 2-(alkyldithio)benzimidazole, and ⁇ -(o-carboxybenzylthio)propionitrile can be used as a metal deactivator other than the component (E).
  • the content thereof is usually 0.005 to 5 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • a known anti-foaming agent such as silicones, fluorosilicones, and fluoroalkyl ethers can be used as an anti-foaming agent.
  • the content thereof is usually 0.0005 to 0.01 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • a known demulsifier such as polyalkylene glycol-based nonionic surfactants can be used as a demulsifier.
  • the content thereof is usually 0.005 to 5 mass % on the basis of the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • coloring agent for example, a known coloring agent such as azo compounds can be used.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil composition at 40° C. is no more than 25 mm 2 /s, and preferably no less than 10 mm 2 /s, more preferably no less than 12 mm 2 /s, and further preferably no less than 15 mm 2 /s.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil composition at 40° C. is no more than 25 mm 2 /s, fuel efficiency can be improved.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil composition at 40° C. of this lower limit or above makes it easy to achieve enough oil film formation at a lubricating point, to improve anti-wear performance.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil composition at 100° C. is preferably no less than 5.0 mm 2 /s, and preferably no more than 9.0 mm 2 /s, more preferably no more than 8.0 mm 2 /s, and further preferably no more than 7.0 mm 2 /s.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil composition at 100° C. of this lower limit or above makes it easy to achieve enough oil film formation at a lubricating point, to improve anti-wear performance. When the kinematic viscosity thereof is this upper limit or below, fuel efficiency can be easily improved.
  • the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition is preferably no less than 170.
  • the upper limit of the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition is not restricted, and is usually no more than 300.
  • the lubricating oil composition having a viscosity index of 170 or more makes it easy to improve fuel efficiency.
  • Brookfield viscosity (hereinafter may be referred to as “BF viscosity”) of the lubricating oil composition at ⁇ 40° C. is preferably no more than 8,000 mPa ⁇ s, and more preferably no more than 7,000 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the lubricating oil composition having BF viscosity of no more than 8,000 mPa ⁇ s at ⁇ 40° C. makes it possible to improve low-temperature startability.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention can be preferably used as continuously variable transmission oil for automobiles, and especially preferably used for lubrication of metal belt type continuously variable transmissions where torque is transmitted through a metal belt.
  • the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention (examples 1 to 19) and the lubricating oil compositions for comparison (comparative examples 1 to 7) were prepared as shown in Tables 1 to 3.
  • the contents of the base oils are on the basis of the total mass of the base oils, and the content of each additive is on the basis of the total mass of the composition. Details on the components were as follows.
  • A1-1 wax-isomerized base oil (kinematic viscosity (40° C.): 9.072 mm 2 /s, kinematic viscosity (100° C.): 2.621 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 127, sulfur content: less than 10 mass ppm, % C P : 91.8, % C N : 8.2, % C A : 0)
  • A1-2 wax-isomerized base oil (kinematic viscosity (40° C.): 9.617 mm 2 /s, kinematic viscosity (100° C.): 2.653 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 112, sulfur content: less than 10 mass ppm, % C P : 92.5, % C N : 7.3, % C A : 0.1)
  • A2-1 wax-isomerized base oil (kinematic viscosity (40° C.): 15.65 mm 2 /s, kinematic viscosity (100° C.): 3.883 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 142, sulfur content: less than 10 mass ppm, % C P : 92.5, % C N : 7.5, % C A : 0)
  • A2-2 wax-isomerized base oil (kinematic viscosity (40° C.): 18.24 mm 2 /s, kinematic viscosity (100° C.): 4.119 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 130, sulfur content: less than 10 mass ppm, % C P : 89.1, % C N : 10.9, % C A : 0)
  • B-1 boric acid mono(C 6 -C 8 alkyl)ester
  • B 2.83 mass %
  • D-4 non-dispersant polymethacrylate, weight average molecular weight: 150,000
  • E-1 thiadiazole compound represented by any of the general formulae (2) to (4) having a hydrocarbyldithio group, S: 36 mass %
  • F-2 Ca salicylate, Ca: 8.1 mass %
  • G-1 boron-containing succinimide, N: 2.3 mass %, B: 2.0 mass %
  • H-2 diphenyl hydrogen phosphite, P: 13.2 mass %
  • I-3 condensation product of a fatty acid and an aliphatic monoamine, carbon number: 67 to 86
  • J-3 dimethylsilicone anti-foaming agent, kinematic viscosity (25° C.): 60,000 mm 2 /s
  • shear stability of the lubricating oil composition was evaluated by a shear stability test conforming to JPI-5S-29-88.
  • Sample oil was irradiated with ultrasonic waves of 10 kHz in frequency from an oscillator of 28 ⁇ m in amplitude for 1 hour, and the reduction (%) of the kinematic viscosity of the sample oil at 100° C. after irradiation of ultrasonic waves, to that before irradiation of ultrasonic waves was calculated.
  • the results are shown in Tables 1 to 3. It can be determined that shear stability is good when the reduction of the kinematic viscosity in this test is no more than 2.5.
  • oil film thickness under an elastohydrodynamic lubrication condition was measured by optical interferometry using EHL test instrument (EHD2 ultra thin film measurement system manufactured by PCS Instruments). The measurement conditions were as follows.
  • glass disc having a glass substrate, a Cr layer coated on the surface of the glass substrate, and a silica layer coated on the surface of the Cr layer
  • load capacity and anti-wear performance of the lubricating oil composition were evaluated by a high-speed four-ball test conforming to JPI-5S-40-93.
  • Last non-seizure load (LNSL) was measured at 1800 rpm in rotation speed.
  • load capacity was evaluated by a FALEX seizure test conforming to ASTM D3233. Under the condition of oil temperature at 110° C., a steel pin that was sandwiched by two stationary steel V-shaped blocks was rotated at 290 rpm, and the load at which seizure occurred was measured. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3. It can be determined that load capacity (anti-seizure performance) is good when the load at which seizure occurs is no less than 3900 N in this test.
  • a rolling fatigue life of a thrust bearing was measured by a Uisseel test (IP305/79, The Institute of Petroleum) using a Uisseel rolling fatigue testing machine (triple-type high-temperature rolling fatigue testing machine (TRF-1000/3-01H) manufactured by Tokyo Koki Testing Machine Co. Ltd.). Time until either a roller or a test piece suffers fatigue damage was measured for a test bearing made by replacing a bearing ring in one side of a thrust needle bearing (FNTA-2542C manufactured by NSK Ltd.) with a flat test piece (material: SUJ2), under conditions of: 7000 N in load; 2 GPa in surface pressure; 1450 rpm in rotation speed; and 120° C. in oil temperature.
  • the lubricating oil compositions of examples 1 to 19 showed good results in low-temperature viscosity characteristics, shear stability, oil film thickness, load capacity (anti-seizure performance), anti-wear performance, a fatigue life, and a friction coefficient between metals.

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EP3929270A4 (en) * 2019-02-20 2022-11-02 ENEOS Corporation LUBRICATION OIL COMPOSITION FOR TRANSMISSIONS
JP7312717B2 (ja) * 2020-03-19 2023-07-21 Ｅｎｅｏｓ株式会社 潤滑油組成物

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