US20170137339A1 - Pyrotechnic Igniting Agent - Google Patents

Pyrotechnic Igniting Agent Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170137339A1
US20170137339A1 US15/323,359 US201515323359A US2017137339A1 US 20170137339 A1 US20170137339 A1 US 20170137339A1 US 201515323359 A US201515323359 A US 201515323359A US 2017137339 A1 US2017137339 A1 US 2017137339A1
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Prior art keywords
igniting agent
agent according
pyrotechnic igniting
pyrotechnic
integer
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US15/323,359
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Ulrich Bley
Aleksej Hoschenko
Ulf Lawrentz
Peter Simon Lechner
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RWS GmbH
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RUAG Ammotec GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pyrotechnic igniting agent.
  • pyrotechnic igniting agents are substances or substance mixtures which can have a pyrotechnic effect.
  • the present invention relates in particular to a pyrotechnic igniting agent which can be used in mechanical, electrical or optoelectrical ignition systems.
  • Document DE 102010025104 A1 discloses a 5,5′-azotetrazolate explosive which comprises an iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, cadmium or guanylurea salt of a 5,5′-azotetrazole or a mixture of at least one 5,5′ -azotetrazolate and at least one bis-tetrazolyltriazenate or at least one further metal salt or guanylurea salt of a 5,5′ -azotetrazole.
  • the salts described therein are neutral, that is to say neither acidic nor basic.
  • zinc and chromium salts of 5,5′-azotetrazole are not storage-stable.
  • the problem exists that pyrotechnic mixtures containing tetrazene are not sufficiently thermally stable since tetrazene decomposes at just 120° C.
  • One problem addressed by the present invention was that of providing a further pyrotechnic igniting agent.
  • Another problem addressed by the present invention was that of providing a pyrotechnic igniting agent which can be used in mechanical, electrical or optoelectrical ignition systems.
  • M is an element of the 3rd to 12th group of the periodic table having an atomic number in the range from 21 to 80,
  • n is an integer from 1 to 6
  • p is an integer from 1 to 4,
  • q is an integer from 0 to 8
  • r is an integer from 0 to 4 and q+r ⁇ 0,
  • the proportion of the basic azotetrazolate component is 30 to 100 wt %, and 0 to 70 wt % of an additive or mixtures of a plurality of additives is contained.
  • the novel basic azotetrazolate compounds according to the invention have deflagration temperatures in the range from 180° C. to 240° C., friction sensitivities of 0.1 N to 1.0 N and an impact sensitivity of 0.1 J to 0.5 J.
  • the thermal stability of the basic azotetrazolate compounds according to the invention is given. Storage at 71° C. for 28 days did not lead to any decomposition of the basic azotetrazolate compound according to the invention, in particular the zinc compounds in this case.
  • the pyrotechnic igniting agent is an agent which contains, as additive, 10 to 60 wt % of an oxidizing agent selected from one or more of the nitrates of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of ammonium, the perchlorates of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of ammonium, the peroxides of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of zinc.
  • an oxidizing agent selected from one or more of the nitrates of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of ammonium, the perchlorates of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of ammonium, the peroxides of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of zinc.
  • the pyrotechnic igniting agent particularly preferably contains, as additive, 0 to 10 wt % of a sensitizer, preferably tetrazene.
  • the pyrotechnic igniting agent according to the invention preferably contains, as additive, 0 to 20 wt % of a reducing agent selected from one or more of aluminum, antimony sulfide, calcium silicide, titanium, titanium hydride, boron, boron hydride, zirconium, zirconium hydride, silicon, graphite, activated carbon, carbon black or friction modifiers, preferably cullet.
  • a reducing agent selected from one or more of aluminum, antimony sulfide, calcium silicide, titanium, titanium hydride, boron, boron hydride, zirconium, zirconium hydride, silicon, graphite, activated carbon, carbon black or friction modifiers, preferably cullet.
  • the pyrotechnic igniting agent particularly preferably contains, as additive, 0.1 to 5 wt % of a binder selected from one or more of cellulose and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl butyrals, polynitropolyphenylene, polynitrophenyl ether, plexigum, polyvinyl acetate and copolymers.
  • a binder selected from one or more of cellulose and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl butyrals, polynitropolyphenylene, polynitrophenyl ether, plexigum, polyvinyl acetate and copolymers.
  • the pyrotechnic igniting agent contains
  • the pyrotechnic igniting agents according to the invention are used in mechanical, electrical or optoelectrical ignition systems.
  • Oxidizing agents (individually or as mixtures) selected from the group consisting of:
  • Reducing agents selected from the group consisting of:
  • Binders (individually or as mixtures) selected from the group consisting of:
  • cellulose and derivatives thereof polyvinyl butyrals, polynitropolyphenylene, polynitrophenyl ether, plexigum, polyvinyl acetate, copolymers.
  • Combustion moderators, stabilizers and processing aids selected from the group consisting of:
  • the substances are notable for being free of lead and barium, for having a high ignition power, short reaction times and suitable sensitivities. These properties make it possible to reduce the amount of explosive substances required for reliable ignition.
  • Table 1 shows the decomposition temperatures, friction sensitivities and impact sensitivities of selected examples.
  • the friction sensitivities and impact sensitivities were measured using methods of the (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) Bundesweg fur Materialforschung (BAM) specified in BAM report 142 (1987), while the decomposition temperatures were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (from the company Mettler) at a heat-up rate of 10 K per minute.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • the present invention relates to:
  • Table 1 shows the compositions of 5 different basic salts of 5,5′-azotetrazole.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
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  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pyrotechnic igniting agent which contains basic salts of 5,5′-azotetrazole having the general empirical formula: Mm+ n(C2N10 2−)p(CO3 2−)q(OH−)r, wherein: M is an element of the 3rd to 12th group of the periodic table having an atomic number in the range from 21 to 80, (C2N10 2−) is azotetrazolate dianion having the structure (AA), m is the valence of the cation, n is an integer from 1 to 6, p is an integer from 1 to 4, q is an integer from 0 to 8, r is an integer from 0 to 4 and q+r≠0, wherein the proportion of the basic azotetrazolate component is 30 to 100 wt %, and 0 to 70 wt % of an additive or mixtures of a plurality of additives is contained.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a pyrotechnic igniting agent.
  • In the context of the invention, pyrotechnic igniting agents are substances or substance mixtures which can have a pyrotechnic effect.
  • The present invention relates in particular to a pyrotechnic igniting agent which can be used in mechanical, electrical or optoelectrical ignition systems.
  • Document DE 102010025104 A1 discloses a 5,5′-azotetrazolate explosive which comprises an iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, cadmium or guanylurea salt of a 5,5′-azotetrazole or a mixture of at least one 5,5′ -azotetrazolate and at least one bis-tetrazolyltriazenate or at least one further metal salt or guanylurea salt of a 5,5′ -azotetrazole. The salts described therein are neutral, that is to say neither acidic nor basic. According to the document DE 102010025104 A1, zinc and chromium salts of 5,5′-azotetrazole are not storage-stable. Furthermore, the problem exists that pyrotechnic mixtures containing tetrazene are not sufficiently thermally stable since tetrazene decomposes at just 120° C.
  • One problem addressed by the present invention was that of providing a further pyrotechnic igniting agent. Another problem addressed by the present invention was that of providing a pyrotechnic igniting agent which can be used in mechanical, electrical or optoelectrical ignition systems.
  • According to the invention, this problem is surprisingly solved by the features of the main claim.
  • Further refinements of the invention are presented in the sub-claims.
  • There has surprisingly been discovered a pyrotechnic igniting agent which contains basic salts of 5,5′ -azotetrazole having the general empirical formula:

  • Mm+ n(C2N10 2−)p(CO3 2−)q(OH−)r
  • wherein:
  • M is an element of the 3rd to 12th group of the periodic table having an atomic number in the range from 21 to 80,
  • (C2N10 2−) is azotetrazolate dianion having the structure
  • Figure US20170137339A1-20170518-C00001
  • m is the valence of the cation,
  • n is an integer from 1 to 6,
  • p is an integer from 1 to 4,
  • q is an integer from 0 to 8,
  • r is an integer from 0 to 4 and q+r≠0,
  • wherein the proportion of the basic azotetrazolate component is 30 to 100 wt %, and 0 to 70 wt % of an additive or mixtures of a plurality of additives is contained. The novel basic azotetrazolate compounds according to the invention have deflagration temperatures in the range from 180° C. to 240° C., friction sensitivities of 0.1 N to 1.0 N and an impact sensitivity of 0.1 J to 0.5 J. The thermal stability of the basic azotetrazolate compounds according to the invention is given. Storage at 71° C. for 28 days did not lead to any decomposition of the basic azotetrazolate compound according to the invention, in particular the zinc compounds in this case.
  • Preferably, the pyrotechnic igniting agent is an agent which contains, as additive, 10 to 60 wt % of an oxidizing agent selected from one or more of the nitrates of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of ammonium, the perchlorates of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of ammonium, the peroxides of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of zinc.
  • The pyrotechnic igniting agent particularly preferably contains, as additive, 0 to 10 wt % of a sensitizer, preferably tetrazene.
  • The pyrotechnic igniting agent according to the invention preferably contains, as additive, 0 to 20 wt % of a reducing agent selected from one or more of aluminum, antimony sulfide, calcium silicide, titanium, titanium hydride, boron, boron hydride, zirconium, zirconium hydride, silicon, graphite, activated carbon, carbon black or friction modifiers, preferably cullet.
  • The pyrotechnic igniting agent particularly preferably contains, as additive, 0.1 to 5 wt % of a binder selected from one or more of cellulose and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl butyrals, polynitropolyphenylene, polynitrophenyl ether, plexigum, polyvinyl acetate and copolymers.
  • With very particular preference, the pyrotechnic igniting agent contains

  • Zn2+ 2(C2N10 2−)(CO3 2−),

  • Zn2+ 3(C2N10 2−)2(CO3 2−),

  • Zn2+ 4(C2N10 2−3)2(CO3 2−)(OH−)2,

  • Zn2+ 2(C2N10 2−)(OH−)2 and/or

  • Zn2+ 3(C2N10 2−)2(OH−)2.
  • The pyrotechnic igniting agents according to the invention are used in mechanical, electrical or optoelectrical ignition systems.
  • The following may be used as additives:
  • 1. Oxidizing agents (individually or as mixtures) selected from the group consisting of:
      • nitrates of the alkali or alkaline earth metals or of ammonium, such as sodium, potassium or ammonium nitrate, perchlorates of the alkali or alkaline earth metals or of ammonium, peroxides of the alkali or alkaline earth metals or of zinc.
  • 2. Energy-rich aggregates (individually or as mixtures) of hexogen, octogen, nitrocellulose.
  • 3. Reducing agents (individually or as mixtures) selected from the group consisting of:
  • aluminum, titanium, titanium hydride, boron, boron hydride, zirconium, zirconium hydride, silicon, graphite, activated carbon, carbon black.
  • 4. Binders (individually or as mixtures) selected from the group consisting of:
  • cellulose and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl butyrals, polynitropolyphenylene, polynitrophenyl ether, plexigum, polyvinyl acetate, copolymers.
  • 5. Combustion moderators, stabilizers and processing aids (individually or as mixtures) selected from the group consisting of:
      • zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, silicates, silica gels, silicic acids, for example Aerosil (from the company Degussa), boron nitride.
  • The substances are notable for being free of lead and barium, for having a high ignition power, short reaction times and suitable sensitivities. These properties make it possible to reduce the amount of explosive substances required for reliable ignition.
  • Table 1 shows the decomposition temperatures, friction sensitivities and impact sensitivities of selected examples. The friction sensitivities and impact sensitivities were measured using methods of the (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung (BAM) specified in BAM report 142 (1987), while the decomposition temperatures were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (from the company Mettler) at a heat-up rate of 10 K per minute.
  • Specifically, the present invention relates to:
      • a pyrotechnic igniting agent which contains basic salts of 5,5′ -azotetrazole having the general empirical formula:

  • Mm+ n(C2N10 2−)p(CO3 2−)q(OH−)r
      • wherein:
      • M is an element of the 3rd to 12th group of the periodic table having an atomic number in the range from 21 to 80,
      • (C2N10 2−) is azotetrazolate dianion having the structure
  • Figure US20170137339A1-20170518-C00002
      • m is the valence of the cation,
      • n is an integer from 1 to 6,
      • p is an integer from 1 to 4,
      • q is an integer from 0 to 8,
      • r is an integer from 0 to 4 and q+r≠0,
      • wherein the proportion of the basic azotetrazolate component is 30 to 100 wt %, and 0 to 70 wt % of an additive or mixtures of a plurality of additives is contained;
      • a pyrotechnic igniting agent which contains, as additive, 10 to 60 wt % of an oxidizing agent selected from one or more of the nitrates of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of ammonium, the perchlorates of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of ammonium, the peroxides of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of zinc;
      • a pyrotechnic igniting agent which contains, as additive, 0 to 10 wt % of a sensitizer, preferably tetrazene;
      • a pyrotechnic igniting agent which contains, as additive, 0 to 20 wt % of a reducing agent selected from one or more of aluminum, antimony sulfide, calcium silicide, titanium, titanium hydride, boron, boron hydride, zirconium, zirconium hydride, silicon, graphite, activated carbon, carbon black or friction modifiers, preferably cullet;
      • a pyrotechnic igniting agent which contains, as additive, 0.1 to 5 wt % of a binder selected from one or more of cellulose and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl butyrals, polynitropolyphenylene, polynitrophenyl ether, plexigum, polyvinyl acetate and copolymers;
      • a pyrotechnic igniting agent which contains Zn2+ 2(C2N10 2−)(CO3 2−);
      • a pyrotechnic igniting agent which contains Zn2+ 3(C2N10 2−)2(CO3 2−);
      • a pyrotechnic igniting agent which contains Zn2+ 4(C2N10 2−)2(CO3 2)(OH−)2;
      • a pyrotechnic igniting agent which contains Zn2+ 2(C2N10 2−)2(OH−)2;
      • a pyrotechnic igniting agent which contains Zn2+ 3(C2N10 2−)2(OH−)2;
      • the use of a pyrotechnic igniting agent in mechanical, electrical or optoelectrical ignition systems.
  • The invention will be explained in greater detail by the following examples, without being limited thereto:
  • Table 1 shows the compositions of 5 different basic salts of 5,5′-azotetrazole.
  • TABLE 1
    Compositions, deflagration temperatures, friction sensitivities and
    impact sensitivities of selected basic salts of 5,5′-azotetrazole.
    Tdeflag. [a] Ffriction [b] Eimpact [c]
    No. Empirical formula in ° C. in N in J
    1 Zn2+ 2(C2N10 2−)(CO3 2−) 227 0.7 0.3
    2 Zn2+ 3(C2N10 2−)2(CO3 2−) 223 0.5 0.1
    3 Zn2+ 4(C2N10 2−)2(CO3 2−) 215 0.7 0.3
    4 Zn2+ 2(C2N10 2−)(OH−)2 210 0.5 0.2
    5 Zn2+ 3(C2N10 2−)2(OH−)2 207 0.3 0.1
    [a]deflagration temperature;
    [b]friction sensitivity;
    [c]impact sensitivity.

Claims (11)

1. A pyrotechnic igniting agent, characterized in that it contains basic salts of 5,5′-azotetrazole having the general empirical formula:

Mm+(C2N10 2−)p(CO3 2−)q(OH−)r
wherein:
M is an element of the 3rd to 12th group of the periodic table having an atomic number in the range from 21 to 80,
(C2N10 2−) is azotetrazolate dianion having the structure
Figure US20170137339A1-20170518-C00003
m is the valence of the cation,
n is an integer from 1 to 6,
p is an integer from 1 to 4,
q is an integer from 0 to 8,
r is an integer from 0 to 4 and q+r≠0,
wherein the proportion of the basic azotetrazolate component is 30 to 100 wt %, and 0 to 70 wt % of an additive or mixtures of a plurality of additives is contained.
2. The pyrotechnic igniting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains, as additive, 10 to 60 wt % of an oxidizing agent selected from one or more of the nitrates of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of ammonium, the perchlorates of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of ammonium, the peroxides of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metals and/or of zinc.
3. The pyrotechnic igniting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains, as additive, 0 to 10 wt % of a sensitizer, preferably tetrazene.
4. The pyrotechnic igniting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains, as additive, 0 to 20 wt % of a reducing agent selected from one or more of aluminum, antimony sulfide, calcium silicide, titanium, titanium hydride, boron, boron hydride, zirconium, zirconium hydride, silicon, graphite, activated carbon, carbon black or friction modifiers, preferably cullet.
5. The pyrotechnic igniting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains, as additive, 0.1 to 5 wt % of a binder selected from one or more of cellulose and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl butyrals, polynitropolyphenylene, polynitrophenyl ether, plexigum, polyvinyl acetate and copolymers.
6. The pyrotechnic igniting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains Zn2+ 2(C2N10 2−)(CO3 2−).
7. The pyrotechnic igniting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains Zn2+ 3(C2N10 2−)2(CO3 2−).
8. The pyrotechnic igniting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains Zn2+ 4(C2N10 2−)2(CO3 2−)(OH−)2.
9. The pyrotechnic igniting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains Zn2+ 2(C2N10 2−)(OH−)2.
10. The pyrotechnic igniting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains Zn2+ 3(C2N10 2−)2(OH−)2.
11. The use of a pyrotechnic igniting agent according to claim 1 in mechanical, electrical or optoelectrical ignition systems.
US15/323,359 2014-07-03 2015-06-29 Pyrotechnic Igniting Agent Abandoned US20170137339A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102014009807.9 2014-07-03
DE102014009807 2014-07-03
PCT/EP2015/064729 WO2016001161A1 (en) 2014-07-03 2015-06-29 Pyrotechnic igniting agent

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CN108456126B (en) * 2017-02-20 2020-02-21 比亚迪股份有限公司 Transfer powder of gas generator, preparation method of transfer powder and gas generator for automobile safety airbag
CN110937962A (en) * 2019-12-03 2020-03-31 北京理工大学 Alloy type carmine cold firework chemical and preparation method thereof

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US10968147B2 (en) * 2005-06-02 2021-04-06 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Pyrotechnic agent
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CZ2013858A3 (en) * 2013-11-07 2015-09-02 Sellier & Bellot Bismuth-based energetic materials

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JP6559164B2 (en) 2019-08-14
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CN107074674B (en) 2020-12-08
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RU2695200C2 (en) 2019-07-22
JP2017524638A (en) 2017-08-31
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LT3164375T (en) 2019-12-10
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CN107074674A (en) 2017-08-18
EP3164375B1 (en) 2019-08-21
SI3164375T1 (en) 2020-07-31
RU2017103493A3 (en) 2019-02-08
AU2015282658B2 (en) 2019-10-10
WO2016001161A1 (en) 2016-01-07

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