CN102731425A - Preparation method of zinc 5, 5'-azotetrazole - Google Patents
Preparation method of zinc 5, 5'-azotetrazole Download PDFInfo
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- CN102731425A CN102731425A CN2011100903692A CN201110090369A CN102731425A CN 102731425 A CN102731425 A CN 102731425A CN 2011100903692 A CN2011100903692 A CN 2011100903692A CN 201110090369 A CN201110090369 A CN 201110090369A CN 102731425 A CN102731425 A CN 102731425A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of zinc 5, 5'-azotetrazole, a green primary explosive. The method comprises: taking 5-aminotetrazole as the starting material, which is oxidized into sodium 5, 5'-azotetrazole by an alkaline oxidation method, then adopting pure water as the base solution, using a metering pump to control the feeding speed of a zinc acetate solution and a sodium 5, 5'-azotetrazole solution, and adding them dropwisely into the base solution for a combination reaction, then carrying out heat preservation, cooling, pumping filtration, washing, dehydration, and drying, thus obtaining a finished product of zinc 5, 5'-azotetrazole. The zinc 5, 5'-azotetrazole of the invention has the advantages of simple and safe synthesis method, low toxicity or no toxicity raw materials, low cost, no black residue after explosive decomposition, and small residue amount, generation of nitrogen as general gas product, no environmental pollution, as well as good explosion performance, thus being a green primary explosive.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparation method who relates to a kind of priming explosive, particularly a kind of 5, the preparation method of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc.
Background technology
Priming explosive commonly used at present has lead azoimide (LA), lead styphnate (LTNR), dinitrodiazophenol (DDNP) and perchloric acid carbohydrazide cadmium (GTG).These priming explosives contain toxic heavy metal mostly, like plumbous, cadmium; Or contain high toxic material in the raw material, like sodium nitride; Lead styphnate static sparking sensitivity is too high, dinitrodiazophenol is made bad border of waste water severe contamination etc.; Because the enhancing of people's environmental protection consciousness; These medicaments more and more can not satisfy the needs of producing and using, and more and more researchers begins to turn one's attention to the research of green firer's medicament.So-called green priming explosive must not contain toxic metal and perchloric acid, simultaneously, has characteristics such as fast light, non-hygroscopic, that heat is stable, chemistry is stable, sensitivity is moderate.
Tetrazolium class energetic material belongs to nitrogen-containing heterocycle compound; The molecular formula of tetrazol group is: CHN4; Encircle five atoms and form big π key, so relative more stable, tetrazol group and azido group, nitric ether group and nitryl group etc. contain can group to compare and have enough stability and stability; It does not react with general chemical reagent, and is insensitive to mechanical effect.The tetrazole ring skeleton is that two dimensional structure has aromaticity, and the nitrogen massfraction is the highest heterogeneous ring compound of nitrogen content except that whole nitrogen cpds up to 80%.Azo bond is introduced in the tetrazolium molecular structure, not only improved nitrogen content but also can increase Enthalpies of Formation.5,5 '-azotetrazole destabilization density, 1.84 g/cm, more responsive to general stimulation than explosive commonly used.Tetrazolium class priming explosive relatively more commonly used now has the tetrazene, mercuric 5-nitrotetrazole etc., and wherein the tetrazene has good stab sensitivity, can be used as the sensitizing agent in the primer mixture.
Many azotetrazole metal-salts have been synthesized at present.Though azotetrazole silver and azotetrazole copper have been processed useful crystalline form, get angry extrasensitivity and can not using during pressing easily.Azotetrazole lead, azotetrazole barium, azotetrazole thallium and azotetrazole cadmium be because of containing poisonous heavy metal element, moisture absorption easily, and blast performance is not fine, using value is little.
5,5 '-azotetrazole zinc has good performance as a kind of tetrazolium metalloid salt.Relatively more outstanding performance is that flame sensitivity is fabulous, has the flame sensitivity also better than lead styphnate, and does not dye, and is not easy moisture absorption; Impact sensitivity is high, can be used as primer mixture.Do not contain heavy metallic salt, compound method is simple, safety, and raw material low toxicity or nontoxic, explosive decomposition product are nitrogen basically, no black residue, and level of residue is few, and little to environment and human harm, be a kind of priming explosive of environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of azotetrazole salt, the product compound method is simpler, and cost is lower, advantages of nontoxic raw materials or low toxicity, and the explosion product nontoxic pollution-free have the characteristic of environmental protection, and powder performance is good.
The technical solution that realizes the object of the invention is: a kind of 5, the preparation method of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc is a starting raw material with the 5-amino tetrazole; Synthetic 5 through alkaline oxygenated method, 5 '-azotetrazole sodium, and then with make 5; 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution and soluble Zn salts solution are added drop-wise to respectively and carry out combination reaction in the end liquid as the reaction feed liquid, after combination reaction is accomplished; Insulation, cooling, suction filtration, washing, ethanol dehydration, drying obtain 5,5 '-azotetrazole zinc.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage: do not contain heavy metallic salt in (1) synthesis material and the reaction product, the explosive decomposition product is nitrogen basically, no black residue, and level of residue is few is little to environment and human harm, is a kind of priming explosive of environmental protection.(2) simple, the safety of compound method, raw material low toxicity or nontoxic adopts the mode of dropping and time difference, obtains bigger particle, and need not transfer pH, and raw material can directly dissolve use.(3) destroying method is simple, destroys to emit that solution is settled solution behind the nitrogen, adds and can discharge after sodium hydrogencarbonate is transferred pH, does not constitute to the pollution of environment with to the harm of human body.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention 5, the preparing method's of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc infrared spectrum.
Fig. 2 is the present invention 5, the preparing method's of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc schema.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
In conjunction with Fig. 2, the present invention 5, the preparation method of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc; With the 5-amino tetrazole is starting raw material, synthesizes 5 through alkaline oxygenated method, 5 '-azotetrazole sodium; And then with make 5,5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution and soluble Zn salts solution as the reaction feed liquid, be added drop-wise to respectively and carry out combination reaction in the end liquid; End liquid is pure water, can add molybdenumdisulphide MoS in the end liquid
2Or graphite is as the medicament property-modifying additive; Soluble zinc salt is zinc acetate or zinc sulfate; Soluble zinc salt and 5, the mass ratio of 5 '-azotetrazole sodium is: 0.73～1.44:1; 5, the dropping time of 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution is 25～35min, and the dropping time of soluble Zn salts solution is 15～25min, and both have the time difference of 8～15min; After combination reaction was accomplished, insulation, cooling, suction filtration, washing, ethanol dehydration, drying obtained 5,5 '-azotetrazole zinc.
The present invention 5, and the preparation method of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc is said 5, and the temperature that 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution, soluble Zn salts solution and end liquid react is 50～70 ℃.
The present invention 5, the preparation method of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc, and said soaking time: 6min～10min, cooling temperature≤45 ℃ are washed ethanol dehydration 1-2 time, 55～60 ℃ of drying temperatures, time of drying>=2h 2～3 times.
Ultimate analysis/% of ZnATZ: calculated value, C9.06, N52.26, H1.51; Measured value, C9.13, N53.26, H1.43.Because the existence of Metal Zn makes the data and the calculated value that record that certain deviation arranged.The Zn content that adopts volumetric precipitation method to measure in the product is 24.42%, and theoretical value is 24.53%, relative deviation 0.45%.Can infer in view of the above and contain a Zn atom in the product.
In conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 ZnATZ peak value (cm
-1) be 3547,3261,2236,1651,1398,1170,1101,1057,1021,774,746,738.1400cm
-1, 735cm
-1Being respectively the stretching vibration of ring C-N key, the asymmetric C-N stretching vibration wavelength of azo-group, is the characteristic peaks that the azotetrazole ion exists.668cm
-1Be the outer formation vibration of the face of tetrazole ring.
Can judge that products therefrom is two water 5,5 '-azotetrazole zinc according to ultimate analysis and infrared spectrum.
In conjunction with accompanying drawing 2, the present invention 5,5 '-azotetrazole zinc; As end liquid, make the property-modifying additive of medicament, soluble Zn salts solution and 5 with water or reaction mother liquor with MoS2; 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution is added drop-wise to respectively and carries out combination reaction in the end liquid; Be incubated then, cooling, suction filtration, washing, ethanol dehydration, drying, obtain 5,5 '-azotetrazole zinc finished product.Choose water miscible zinc salt and 5,5 '-azotetrazole sodium is end liquid with water or mother liquor, and adding MoS2 is performance improver; With water miscible zinc solution and 5,5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution joins in the end liquid in suitable chemical combination temperature with two-tube reinforced mode; Synthetic 5,5 '-azotetrazole zinc through suction filtration, wash, dehydrate after, become free-running property crystal grain preferably, satisfy actual request for utilization.
5; 5 '-azotetrazole sodium is that anhydrous 5-amino tetrazole is joined in the NaOH solution; Stirring and dissolving places 60～70 ℃ of water-baths, adds capacity potassium permanganate under the vigorous stirring in batches; Excessive potassium permanganate is with the NaSO3 solution or the ethanolic soln titration of capacity, and terminal point is that solution becomes yellow by green.Filtered while hot after boiling reaction is accomplished, with brown suspended substance MnO2 elimination, filtrating is poured out in hot wash, is cooled to the room temperature suction filtration and obtains yellow needle-like crystal, dry naturally 5,5 '-azotetrazole sodium solid.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is done further explain.
Embodiment 1: specifications of raw materials and requirement: sodium sulphite anhydrous 99.3 (NaSO3) AR, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) AR, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) CP, ethanol (CH3CH2OH) CP, key instrument equipment: electric mixer; Powerstat, thermostatic water-circulator bath; Tall form beaker (combination apparatus) 400mL, B φ 65mm; Filter flask 1000mL, the water circulation type vacuum pump.
The anhydrous 5-amino tetrazole of 17g is joined in the NaOH solution of 100mL 2mol/L; Stirring and dissolving; Place 60～70 ℃ of water-baths; Add 20g potassium permanganate under the vigorous stirring, excessive potassium permanganate is with the NaSO3 solution or the ethanolic soln titration of capacity in batches, and terminal point is that solution becomes yellow by green.Filtered while hot behind the boiling reaction 30min, with brown suspended substance MnO2 elimination, hot wash is poured out filtrating twice, is cooled to the room temperature suction filtration and obtains yellow needle-like crystal, dry naturally five water 5,5 '-azotetrazole sodium crystal.
Open water-bath and make it to be warming up to 60～70 ℃, the pure water adding combination apparatus with metering places water-bath as end liquid; 5 of metering, 5 '-azotetrazole sodium adds an amount of pure water, places same water-bath heating for dissolving; Solubility acetate with metering is dissolved in an amount of pure water simultaneously; Treat that temperature reaches 60～70 ℃ in the combination apparatus, with 5,5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution and zinc acetate salts solution add in the combination apparatus in the lump.The zinc acetate salts solution adds 1～2min earlier, adds 5 subsequently, and 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution keeps uniform feed rate, and control zinc acetate salts solution is 15～25min, and 5, the reinforced time of 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution is 25～35min; The reinforced completion about continued reaction 10min; Then combination apparatus is carried out water cooling, feed temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃, promptly carries out operations such as discharging, suction filtration, washing, ethanol dehydration, drying, finally obtains finished product.
Embodiment 2: combine Fig. 1, specifications of raw materials and requirement: 5-amino tetrazole, zinc acetate (ZnAc22H2O) AR, MoS2, ethanol (CH3CH2OH) CP, key instrument equipment: electric mixer; Powerstat, thermostatic water-circulator bath; Tall form beaker (combination apparatus) 400mL, volume pump, B φ 65mm; Filter flask 1000mL, water-bath baking oven, water circulation type vacuum pump.
By the raw material feed ratio be for (mass ratio): ZnAc22H2O:C2N10Zn5H2O=1.10:1, measure the 50mL pure water and do to be end liquid in the adding combination apparatus, add 0.16g MoS2; Place 65 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control; Take by weighing 3.00g (0.06mol) SZT5H2O and add the 50ml pure water, place same water-bath heating for dissolving, 3.29g (0.015mol) Zn (CH3COO) 22H2O is dissolved in the 30ml pure water; Reaction unit is installed, has been demarcated volume pump.Agitator, regulating voltage to suitable whipped state, constant speed stirs.With acetic acid zinc solution and 5,5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution joins in the combination apparatus evenly, lentamente through volume pump, drips acetic acid zinc solution 1～2min earlier; And then add 5; 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution, the control feed rate, making the reinforced time of acetic acid zinc solution is 15min; 5, the reinforced time of 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution is 25min.The reinforced back insulation 10min that finishes is water-cooled to 45 ℃ with bottom discharge, and the above-mentioned product that makes embathes dehydration once with 95% ethanol again with vacuum pump suction filtration and water washing 2～3 times.In 60 ℃ of baking ovens, dry, more than the dry 2h.
Resulting 5,5 '-azotetrazole zinc is yellow glomerocryst, adopts pycnometric method, records 5, and the density of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc is 1.82g/cm-1.
Pressure with 20MPa is pressed into the ambrose alloy housing, with the safety fuse igniting, records 5 through lifting and lowering method, and 5 '-azotetrazole zinc, 50% ignition flame height is 47.3cm.
Test result sees the following form.
The 20mg dose, 30 samples.
| Priming explosive | ZnATZ | Refinement LTNR | NHA |
| h 50/cm | 47.3 | 45.7 | 46.3 |
Impact sensitivity: 400g drops hammer, and it is 37.0cm that lifting and lowering method records 50% ignition characteristic drop height.Impact sensitivity is higher, can be used as primer mixture.
Embodiment 3: by the raw material feed ratio for (mass ratio) be: ZnAc22H2O:C2N10Zn5H2O=0.73:1, and measure the 50mL pure water and do to be end liquid in the adding combination apparatus, place 60 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control; Take by weighing 3.00g (0.06mol) SZT5H2O and add the 50ml pure water; Add 0.16g graphite, place same water-bath heating for dissolving, 2.20g (0.015mol) Zn (CH3COO) 22H2O is dissolved in the 30ml pure water; Reaction unit is installed, has been demarcated volume pump.Agitator, regulating voltage to suitable whipped state, constant speed stirs.With acetic acid zinc solution and 5,5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution joins in the combination apparatus evenly, lentamente through volume pump, drips acetic acid zinc solution 1～2min earlier; And then add 5; 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution, the control feed rate, making the reinforced time of acetic acid zinc solution is 20min; 5, the reinforced time of 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution is 30min.The reinforced back insulation 8min that finishes is water-cooled to 35 ℃ with bottom discharge.
Embodiment 4: by the raw material feed ratio for (mass ratio) be: ZnSO47H2O:C2N10Zn5H2O=1.44:1, and measure the 50mL pure water and do to be end liquid in the adding combination apparatus; Place 60 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control, take by weighing 3.00g (0.06mol) SZT5H2O and add the 100ml pure water, add 0.16g MoS2; Place same water-bath heating for dissolving; 4.31g (0.015mol) Zn (CH3COO) 22H2O is dissolved in the 50ml pure water, and reaction unit is installed, and has demarcated volume pump.Agitator, regulating voltage to suitable whipped state, constant speed stirs.With acetic acid zinc solution and 5,5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution joins in the combination apparatus evenly, lentamente through volume pump, drips acetic acid zinc solution 1～2min earlier; And then add 5; 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution, the control feed rate, making the reinforced time of acetic acid zinc solution is 25min; 5, the reinforced time of 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution is 35min.The reinforced back insulation 6min that finishes is water-cooled to 35 ℃ with bottom discharge.
Embodiment 5: by the raw material feed ratio for (mass ratio) be: ZnSO47H2O:C2N10Zn5H2O=1.44:1, and measure the 50mL pure water and do to be end liquid in the adding combination apparatus, place 60 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control; Take by weighing 3.00g (0.06mol) SZT5H2O and add the 100ml pure water; Add 0.16g graphite, place same water-bath heating for dissolving, 4.31g (0.015mol) Zn (CH3COO) 22H2O is dissolved in the 50ml pure water; Reaction unit is installed, has been demarcated volume pump.Agitator, regulating voltage to suitable whipped state, constant speed stirs.With acetic acid zinc solution and 5,5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution joins in the combination apparatus evenly, lentamente through volume pump, drips acetic acid zinc solution 1～2min earlier; And then add 5; 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution, the control feed rate, making the reinforced time of acetic acid zinc solution is 25min; 5, the reinforced time of 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution is 35min.The reinforced back insulation 10min that finishes is water-cooled to 35 ℃ with bottom discharge.
The above-mentioned product that makes embathes dehydration once with 95% ethanol again with vacuum pump suction filtration and water washing 2～3 times.In 60 ℃ of baking ovens, dry, more than the dry 2h.
Gained 5,5 '-azotetrazole zinc are faint yellow or the lark glomerocryst.
Through test, 5, the big density of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc is 1.82g/cm3, and is littler than nickel hydrazine nitrate and lead styphnate.Under denseer reaction soln, yield improves, but particle diminishes, and under high concentration, it is big that particle becomes, but yield reduces.
The solubleness test result shows, 5, and 5 '-azotetrazole zinc is water insoluble, also is insoluble to common methyl alcohol, ethanol, ETHYLE ACETATE, THF, methyl-sulphoxide, chloroform, N, organic solvents such as dinethylformamide, pyridine.
Application is as priming explosive, and the 5s bursting point that records is 235 ℃, flame sensitivity: the flame characteristic height that uses common safety fuse to measure 50% ignition is 47.3cm.Impact sensitivity: 400g drops hammer, and it is 37.0cm that lifting and lowering method records 50% ignition characteristic drop height.Flame sensitivity is fabulous, and certain impact sensitivity is arranged, and power is big, can not load detonator separately, can add oxygenant and use as primer mixture.
Claims (7)
1. one kind 5, the preparation method of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc is characterized in that: with the 5-amino tetrazole is starting raw material; Synthetic 5 through alkaline oxygenated method, 5 '-azotetrazole sodium, and then with make 5; 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution and soluble Zn salts solution are added drop-wise to respectively and carry out combination reaction in the end liquid as the reaction feed liquid, after combination reaction is accomplished; Insulation, cooling, suction filtration, washing, ethanol dehydration, drying obtain 5,5 '-azotetrazole zinc.
2. according to claim 15,5 '-azotetrazole zinc preparation method is characterized in that: liquid of the said end is pure water, can add molybdenumdisulphide MoS in the end liquid
2Or graphite is as the medicament property-modifying additive.
3. according to claim 15, the preparation method of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc is characterized in that: said soluble zinc salt is zinc acetate or zinc sulfate.
4. according to claim 15; The preparation method of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc is characterized in that: said 5, the dropping time of 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution is 25～35min; The dropping time of soluble Zn salts solution is 15～25min, and both have the time difference of 8～15min.
5. according to claim 15, the preparation method of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc is characterized in that: said soluble zinc salt and 5, the mass ratio of 5 '-azotetrazole sodium is: 0.73～1.44:1.
6. according to claim 15, the preparation method of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc is characterized in that: said 5, the temperature that 5 '-azotetrazole sodium solution, soluble Zn salts solution and end liquid react is 50～70 ℃.
7. according to claim 15, the preparation method of 5 '-azotetrazole zinc is characterized in that: said soaking time: 6min～10min, cooling temperature≤45 ℃ are washed ethanol dehydration 1-2 time, 55～60 ℃ of drying temperatures, time of drying>=2h 2～3 times.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107074674A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2017-08-18 | 卢阿格现代军火科技有限责任公司 | Cartridge ignition agent |
| CN107739348A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-27 | 中国航天科技集团公司川南机械厂 | A kind of synthetic method of 5 nitro tetrazolium copper |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20080200688A1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Explosive complexes |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080200688A1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Explosive complexes |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| ANTON HAMMERL ET AL.: "Salts of 5,5-Azotetrazolate", 《EUR. J. INORG. CHEM.》 * |
| G.OM REDDY ET AL.: "A thermal study of the salts of azotetrazole", 《THERMOCHIMICA ACTA》 * |
| 周春生 等: "含能配合物M(ATZ)(phen)2 nH2O液相生成反应的热动力学研究", 《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107074674A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2017-08-18 | 卢阿格现代军火科技有限责任公司 | Cartridge ignition agent |
| CN107074674B (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2020-12-08 | 卢阿格现代军火科技有限责任公司 | Pyrotechnic initiator |
| CN107739348A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-27 | 中国航天科技集团公司川南机械厂 | A kind of synthetic method of 5 nitro tetrazolium copper |
| CN107739348B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2021-07-09 | 四川航天川南火工技术有限公司 | Synthesis method of 5-nitrotetrazole copper |
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Application publication date: 20121017 |