US20170008904A1 - Mdm2-based modulators of proteolysis and associated methods of use - Google Patents

Mdm2-based modulators of proteolysis and associated methods of use Download PDF

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US20170008904A1
US20170008904A1 US15/206,497 US201615206497A US2017008904A1 US 20170008904 A1 US20170008904 A1 US 20170008904A1 US 201615206497 A US201615206497 A US 201615206497A US 2017008904 A1 US2017008904 A1 US 2017008904A1
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alkyl
group
substituted
chloro
fluorophenyl
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Andrew P. Crew
Craig M. Crews
Hanqing Dong
Yimin Qian
Jing Wang
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Arvinas Operations Inc
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Arvinas Inc
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Assigned to Arvinas, Inc. reassignment Arvinas, Inc. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: QIAN, YIMIN, CREW, ANDREW P., DONG, HANQING, WANG, JING, CREWS, CRAIG M.
Assigned to ARVINAS OPERATIONS, INC. reassignment ARVINAS OPERATIONS, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Arvinas, Inc.
Priority to US17/570,197 priority patent/US20220127279A1/en
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Definitions

  • the description provides compounds binding to MDM2, including bifunctional compounds comprising the same as mentioned, and associated methods of use.
  • the bifunctional compounds are useful as modulators of targeted ubiquitination, especially with respect to a variety of polypeptides and other proteins, which are degraded and/or otherwise inhibited by bifunctional compounds according to the present invention.
  • E3 ubiquitin ligases confer substrate specificity for ubiquitination, and therefore, are more attractive therapeutic targets than general proteasome inhibitors due to their specificity for certain protein substrates.
  • the development of ligands of E3 ligases has proven challenging, in part due to the fact that they must disrupt protein-protein interactions.
  • recent developments have provided specific ligands which bind to these ligases.
  • MDM2 E3 ligase mouse double minute 2 homolog
  • Tumor suppressor gene p53 plays an important role in cell growth arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage or stress (A. Vazquez, et al. Nat. Rev. Drug. Dis . (2008), 7, 979-982), and inactivation of p53 has been suggested as one of the major pathway for tumor cell survival (A. J. Levine, et al. Nature (2000), 408, 307-310).
  • M. Hollstein, et al. Science (1991), 233, 49-53) patients with wild type p53 were often found p53 down regulation by MDM2 through the protein-protein interaction of p53 and MDM2 (P. Chene, et al. Nat. Rev.
  • MDM2 keeps p53 at low concentration.
  • p53 level increases, and that also causes increase in MDM2 due to the feedback loop from p53/MDM2 auto regulatory system.
  • p53 regulates MDM2 at the transcription level
  • MDM2 regulates p53 at its activity level (A. J. Levine, et al. Genes Dev . (1993) 7, 1126-1132).
  • MDM2 binds to N-terminal domain of p53 and blocks expression of p53-responsive genes (J. Momand, et al. Cell (1992), 69, 1237-1245). Second, MDM2 shuttles p53 from nucleus to cytoplasm to facilitate proteolytic degradation (J. Roth, et al. EMBO J . (1998), 17, 554-564). Lastly, MDM2 carries intrinsic E3 ligase activity of conjugating ubiquitin to p53 for degradation through ubiquitin-dependent 26s proteasome system (UPS) (Y. Haupt, et al. Nature (1997) 387, 296-299).
  • UPS ubiquitin-dependent 26s proteasome system
  • MDM2 antagonists are imidazolines with aromatic rings decorated at the three carbons of the ring and NH group functionalized.
  • One example is RG7112 developed by Roche, in which two adjacent phenyl rings on imidazoline core are in cis-conformation (L. T. Vassilev, et al. Science (2004) 57, 1454-1472; B. Vu, et al. ACS Med. Chem. Lett . (2013) 4, 466-469).
  • the similar cis-bis-aryl substitution pattern is also presented in Daiichi-Sankyo's MDM2 antagonist DS-5272, although imidazoline core was replaced with thiazoloimidazoline (M. Miyazaki, et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett . (2015) 23, 2360-2367; WO 2014/038606).
  • the earlier version DS-3032b advanced to clinical testing (www.clinicaltrials.gov)
  • the spiroindolinone compounds MI-219 and MI-888 from University of Michigan possesses a 5-membered pyrrolidine ring with two adjacent phenyl ring substituted at the core with cis- and trans-conformation (S. Wang, et al. PNAS USA (2008) 105, 3933-3938). Further modification in this chemical class resulted in Sanofi-Aventis' SAR405838 (S. Wang, et al. J. Med. Chem . (2015) 58, 1038-1052; WO 2014/107713).
  • Piperidinone and morpholinone cores with adjacent trans-aryl substitution on the core are another chemical class of MDM2 inhibitors reported by Amgen. These compounds are structurally different from imidazoline or spiro-indolinone or pyrrolidine chemical class.
  • AMG-232 with a piperidinone core advanced to the clinic (D. Sun, et al. J. Med. Chem . (2014) 57, 1454-1472).
  • AM-7209 is a more potent molecule from Amgen reported recently (Y. Rew, et al. J. Med. Chem . (2014) 57, 10499-10511).
  • a diversity of structures with 6-membered cores were reported by Amgen (WO 2014/151863, WO2014/134201, US 2014/235629, US 2014/0243372).
  • CMG097 also known as NVP-CMG-097 in the clinic, is a small molecule MDM2 inhibitor derived from 1,2-bis-aryl-substituted dihydro-isoquinolinone chemical class (WO 2014/020502).
  • MDM2 inhibitors mentioned above showed potent activity in inhibiting p53 and MDM2 interaction, which consequently stabilizes p53.
  • antagonism mode also resulted in MDM2 up-regulation at the transcription level as shown in the literature.
  • MDM2 functions as E3 ligase, recruiting MDM2 to a disease causing protein and effectuating its ubiquitination and degradation is an approach of high interest for drug discovery.
  • the present disclosure describes bifunctional compounds which function to recruit endogenous proteins to an E3 ubiquitin ligase for degradation, and methods of using the same.
  • the present disclosure provides bifunctional or proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTAC) compounds, which find utility as modulators of targeted ubiquitination of a variety of polypeptides and other proteins, which are then degraded and/or otherwise inhibited by the bifunctional compounds as described herein.
  • An advantage of the compounds provided herein is that a broad range of pharmacological activities is possible, consistent with the degradation/inhibition of targeted polypeptides from virtually any protein class or family.
  • the description provides methods of using an effective amount of the compounds as described herein for the treatment or amelioration of a disease condition, such as cancer, e.g., multiple myeloma.
  • Formula (A) represents bifunctional or PROTAC compounds, which comprise an E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety (i.e., a ligand for an E3 ubquitin ligase or “ULM” group), coupled via linker (L) to a moiety that binds a target protein (i.e., a protein/polypeptide targeting ligand or “PTM” group) such that the target protein/polypeptide is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation (and inhibition) of that protein.
  • the ULM is a moiety that binds MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase (i.e., “MLM”).
  • PTM is a protein target moiety. As such, PTM binds to a specific protein which is set to be ubiquitinated or degraded.
  • “L” is the linker that connects PTM and MLM. In certain embodiments, L is a bond (i.e., absent). In certain additional embodiments, L is a chemical linker as described herein. In certain preferred embodiments, the linker “L” is a connector with a linear non-hydrogen atom number in the range of 1 to 20.
  • the connector “L” can contain, but not limited to the functional groups such as ether, amide, alkane, alkene, alkyne, ketone, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, thioether, sulfoxide, and sulfone.
  • the linker can contain aromatic, heteroaromatic, cyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic moieties. Substitution with halogen, such as Cl, F, Br and I can be included in the linker. In the case of fluorine substitution, single or multiple fluorines can be included.
  • the MLM of the bifunctional compound with a formula (A) comprises chemical moieties such as substituted imidazolines, substituted spiro-indolinones, substituted pyrrolidines, substituted piperidinones, substituted morpholinones, substituted pyrrolopyrimidines, substituted imidazolopyridines, substituted thiazoloimidazoline, substituted pyrrolopyrrolidinones, and substituted isoquinolinones.
  • the MLM comprises the core structures mentioned above with adjacent bis-aryl substitutions positioned as cis- or trans-configurations.
  • the MLM comprises part of structural features as in RG7112, RG7388, SAR405838, AMG-232, AM-7209, DS-5272, MK-8242, and NVP-CGM-097, and analogs or derivatives thereof.
  • the compounds as described herein comprise multiple MLMs, multiple PTMs, multiple chemical linkers or a combination thereof.
  • PTMs can be, but not limited to, small molecules binding to kinases, enzymes, transporters, nuclear hormone receptors, non-nuclear hormone receptors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), transcription factors, and epigenetic targets.
  • GPCRs G-protein coupled receptors
  • the epigenetic targets can be bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family proteins, such as, e.g., BRD1, -2, -3, or -4.
  • BET bromodomain and extra terminal domain
  • the nuclear hormone receptors can be, but not limited to, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER).
  • the description provides bifunctional molecules as shows in Formula (B), wherein PTM comprises an MDM2 binding moiety (MBM) coupled via a linker (L) to ULM (ubiquitination ligase binding moiety), which comprises a moiety that binds an E3 ubiquitin ligase, e.g., Von Hippel-Lindau E3 ubiquitin ligase (VHM), Cereblon (CLM) or MDM2 (MLM).
  • MDM2 binding moiety MDM2 binding moiety
  • L linker
  • ULM ubiquitination ligase binding moiety
  • VHM Von Hippel-Lindau E3 ubiquitin ligase
  • CLM Cereblon
  • MDM2 MDM2
  • “L” is the linker that connects PTM and MLM. In certain embodiments, L is a bond (i.e., absent). In certain additional embodiments, L is a chemical linker as described herein. In certain preferred embodiments, the linker “L” is a connector with a linear non-hydrogen atom number in the range of 1 to 20.
  • the connector “L” can contain, but not limited to the functional groups such as ether, amide, alkane, alkene, alkyne, ketone, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, thioether, sulfoxide, and sulfone.
  • the linker can contain aromatic, heteroaromatic, cyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic moieties. Substitution with halogen, such as Cl, F, Br and I can be included in the linker. In the case of fluorine substitution, single or multiple fluorines can be included.
  • VLM can be hydroxyproline or a derivative thereof.
  • Other contemplated VLMs are described in U.S. Patent Application Pub. No. 2014/03022523A1, and 2015/0291562A1, which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
  • MBM comprises chemical moieties such as substituted imidazolines, substituted spiro-indolinones, substituted pyrrolidines, substituted piperidinones, substituted morpholinones, substituted pyrrolopyrimidines, substituted imidazolopyridines, substituted thiazoloimidazoline, substituted pyrrolopyrrolidinones, and substituted isoquinolinones.
  • chemical moieties such as substituted imidazolines, substituted spiro-indolinones, substituted pyrrolidines, substituted piperidinones, substituted morpholinones, substituted pyrrolopyrimidines, substituted imidazolopyridines, substituted thiazoloimidazoline, substituted pyrrolopyrrolidinones, and substituted isoquinolinones.
  • the MBM comprises the core structures mentioned above with adjacent bis-aryl substitutions positioned as cis- or trans-configurations.
  • the MBM comprises part of structural features as in RG7112, RG7388, SAR405838, AMG-232, AM-7209, DS-5272, MK-8242, and NVP-CGM-097, and analogs or derivatives thereof.
  • VLM is a derivative of trans-3-hydroxyproline, where both nitrogen and carboxylic acid in trans-3-hydroxyproline are functionalized as amides.
  • CLM is a derivative of piperidine-2,6-dione, where piperidine-2,6-dione can be substituted at the 3-position, and the 3-substitution can be bicyclic hetero-aromatics with the linkage as C—N bond or C—C bond.
  • Examples of CLM can be, but not limited to, pomalidomide, lenalidomide and thalidomide and their derivatives
  • the description provides therapeutic compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the therapeutic compositions modulate protein degradation in a patient or subject, for example, an animal such as a human, and can be used for treating or ameliorating disease states or conditions which are modulated through the degraded protein.
  • the therapeutic compositions as described herein may be used to effectuate the degradation of proteins of interest for the treatment or amelioration of a disease, e.g., cancer.
  • the description provides a method of ubiquitinating/degrading a target protein in a cell.
  • the method comprises administering to a subject or contacting a subject, e.g., a patient or a cell, with a bifunctional compound as described herein, wherein the bifunctional compound effectuates degradation of the target protein.
  • Degradation of the target protein will occur when the target protein is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase, thus resulting in degradation/inhibition of the effects of the target protein and the control of protein levels.
  • the control of protein levels provides treatment of a disease state or condition, which is modulated through the target protein by lowering the level of that protein in the cells of a patient.
  • the description provides methods for treating or emeliorating a disease, disorder or symptom thereof in a subject or a patient, e.g., an animal such as a mammal or a human, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising an effective amount, e.g., a therapeutically effective amount, of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the composition is effective for treating or ameliorating the disease or disorder or symptom thereof in the subject.
  • a composition comprising an effective amount, e.g., a therapeutically effective amount, of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the composition is effective for treating or ameliorating the disease or disorder or symptom thereof in the subject.
  • the description provides methods for identifying the effects of the degradation of proteins of interest in a biological system using compounds according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 c-Myc suppression in 22rv1 cells by chimeric molecules, where BRD4 ligand is connected through linkers to MDM2 ligands using partial structural motif in RG7388.
  • Chimeric molecules with inactive MDM2 ligand demonstrated no c-Myc suppression across a range of concentrations, while chimeric molecules with active MDM2 ligand showed dose dependent c-Myc suppression, suggesting BRD4 degradation mediated by MDM2 E3 ligase ubiquitination mechanism, as c-Myc is directly regulated by the level of BRD4.
  • Chimeric molecules with MDM2 ligand as a racemate displayed similar c-Myc suppression as observed in those containing active MDM2 ligand.
  • FIG. 2 Western blot of HCT116 cells treated with chimeric molecules, where BRD4 ligand is connected through linkers to MDM2 ligands using partial structural motif in RG7388.
  • Chimeric molecules with inactive MDM2 ligand (A-1891, A-1894) demonstrated no p53 level increase and no MDM2 up-regulation, while chimeric molecules with active MDM2 ligand (A-1864, A1892 and A-1893, A-1877 carried a racemic MDM2 binding ligand) showed dose dependent p53 level increase and up-regulation of MDM2, suggesting chimeric molecules with BRD4 binding fragment and MDM2 binding fragment connected through a linker can function as small molecule MDM2 antagonist in stabilizing p53.
  • MDM2 up regulation and p53 level increase is due to the chimeric molecule action mechanism of not only binding to MDM2 to block p53-MDM2 interaction but also degrading MDM2. Therefore, the net MDM2 up-regulation is significantly less, which also translated to p53 level due to MDM2-p53 feedback loop.
  • FIG. 3 Western blot of HCT116 cells treated with chimeric molecules, where MDM2 ligand (using partial structural motif of RG7388) is connected through linkers to VHL ligand.
  • MDM2 ligand using partial structural motif of RG7388
  • FIG. 3 Western blot of HCT116 cells treated with chimeric molecules, where MDM2 ligand (using partial structural motif of RG7388) is connected through linkers to VHL ligand.
  • Chimeric molecules with inactive MDM2 ligand A-1897, A1908, and A-1911
  • chimeric molecules with active MDM2 ligand A-1896, A-1907, and A-1910, with A-1877, A-1895, and A-1909 carrying a racemic MDM2 binding ligand
  • FIG. 4 Inhibition of cell proliferation in HCT116 and 22rv1 cells by chimeric molecules containing MDM2 binding motif.
  • MDM2-recruiting BRD-4 PROTAC with active MDM2 binding moiety A-1893
  • BRD4-Cereblon PROTAC A-825, MDM2 antagonist RG7388 (A-1850), the racemate of RG7388 (A-1851) and JQ1 were included as a direct comparison.
  • FIG. 5 Time course of BRD4 degradation caused by BRD4-MDM2 chimeric compound (A-1893) in human colon cancer cell line HCT116.
  • FIG. 6 Time course of BRD4 degradation caused by BRD4-MDM2 chimeric compound (A-1893) in human lung cancer cell line A549.
  • the present disclosure describes bifunctional compounds which function to recruit endogenous proteins to an E3 ubiquitin ligase for degradation, and methods of using the same.
  • the present disclosure provides bifunctional or proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTAC) compounds, which find utility as modulators of targeted ubiquitination of a variety of polypeptides and other proteins, which are then degraded and/or otherwise inhibited by the bifunctional compounds as described herein.
  • An advantage of the compounds provided herein is that a broad range of pharmacological activities is possible, consistent with the degradation/inhibition of targeted polypeptides from virtually any protein class or family.
  • compositions and methods that relate to the surprising and unexpected discovery that an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein, e.g., MDM2, ubiquitinates a target protein once it and the target protein are placed in proximity by a bifunctional or chimeric construct (e.g., a PROTAC) that binds the E3 ubiquitin ligase protein and the target protein.
  • a bifunctional or chimeric construct e.g., a PROTAC
  • the present invention provides such compounds and compositions comprising an E3 ubiquintin ligase binding moiety (“ULM”) coupled to a protein target binding moiety (“PTM”), which result in the ubiquitination of a chosen target protein, which leads to degradation of the target protein by the proteasome.
  • UBM E3 ubiquintin ligase binding moiety
  • PTM protein target binding moiety
  • the present invention also provides a library of compositions and the use thereof.
  • the present application is directed to compounds which contain a ligand, e.g., a small molecule ligand (i.e., having a molecular weight of below 2,000, 1,000, 500, or 200 Daltons), which is capable of binding to a ubiquitin ligase, such as MDM2, and a moiety that is capable of binding to a target protein, in such a way that the target protein is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation (and/or inhibition) of that protein.
  • a ligand e.g., a small molecule ligand (i.e., having a molecular weight of below 2,000, 1,000, 500, or 200 Daltons)
  • MDM2 ubiquitin ligase
  • a reference to “A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.
  • the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from anyone or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements.
  • This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified.
  • “at least one of A and B” can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc.
  • co-administration and “co-administering” or “combination therapy” refer to both concurrent administration (administration of two or more therapeutic agents at the same time) and time varied administration (administration of one or more therapeutic agents at a time different from that of the administration of an additional therapeutic agent or agents), as long as the therapeutic agents are present in the patient to some extent, preferably at effective amounts, at the same time.
  • one or more of the present compounds described herein are co-administered in combination with at least one additional bioactive agent, especially including an anticancer agent.
  • the co-administration of compounds results in synergistic activity and/or therapy, including anticancer activity.
  • compound refers to any specific chemical compound disclosed herein and includes tautomers, regioisomers, geometric isomers, and where applicable, stereoisomers, including optical isomers (enantiomers) and other steroisomers (diastereomers) thereof, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives (including prodrug forms) thereof where applicable, in context.
  • compound generally refers to a single compound, but also may include other compounds such as stereoisomers, regioisomers and/or optical isomers (including racemic mixtures) as well as specific enantiomers or enantiomerically enriched mixtures of disclosed compounds.
  • the term also refers, in context to prodrug forms of compounds which have been modified to facilitate the administration and delivery of compounds to a site of activity. It is noted that in describing the present compounds, numerous substituents and variables associated with same, among others, are described. It is understood by those of ordinary skill that molecules which are described herein are stable compounds as generally described hereunder. When the bond is shown, both a double bond and single bond are represented within the context of the compound shown.
  • compound or “chemical compound” as used herein can include organometallic compounds, organic compounds, metals, transitional metal complexes, and small molecules.
  • polynucleotides are excluded from the definition of compounds.
  • polynucleotides and peptides are excluded from the definition of compounds.
  • the term compounds refers to small molecules (e.g., preferably, non-peptidic and non-oligomeric) and excludes peptides, polynucleotides, transition metal complexes, metals, and organometallic compounds.
  • small molecule refers to a non-peptidic, non-oligomeric organic compound either synthesized in the laboratory or found in nature.
  • Small molecules can refer to compounds that are “natural product-like”, however, the term “small molecule” is not limited to “natural product-like” compounds. Rather, a small molecule is typically characterized in that it contains several carbon-carbon bonds, and has a molecular weight of less than 2000 g/mol, preferably less than 1500 g/mol, although this characterization is not intended to be limiting for the purposes of the present application. In certain other preferred embodiments, synthetic small molecules are utilized.
  • ubiquitin ligase refers to a family of proteins that facilitate the transfer of ubiquitin to a specific substrate protein, targeting the substrate protein for degradation.
  • MDM2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein that alone or in combination with an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme causes the attachment of ubiquitin to a lysine on a target protein, and subsequently targets the specific protein substrates for degradation by the proteasome.
  • E3 ubiquitin ligase alone or in complex with an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme is responsible for the transfer of ubiquitin to targeted proteins.
  • the ubiquitin ligase is involved in polyubiquitination such that a second ubiquitin is attached to the first; a third is attached to the second, and so forth.
  • Polyubiquitination marks proteins for degradation by the proteasome.
  • ubiquitination events that are limited to mono-ubiquitination, in which only a single ubiquitin is added by the ubiquitin ligase to a substrate molecule.
  • the most common lysine is Lys48 on the ubiquitin chain. This is the lysine used to make polyubiquitin, which is recognized by the proteasome.
  • patient or “subject” is used throughout the specification to describe an animal, preferably a human or a domesticated animal, to whom treatment, including prophylactic treatment, with the compositions according to the present invention is provided.
  • patient refers to that specific animal, including a domesticated animal such as a dog or cat or a farm animal such as a horse, cow, sheep, etc.
  • patient refers to a human patient unless otherwise stated or implied from the context of the use of the term.
  • the description provides compounds comprising an MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety (MLM) connected to a linker (L), as shown below, wherein MLM is a ligand for MDM2 or HDM2, and L is a bond or a chemical linker group.
  • MLM MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety
  • L linker
  • MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety (MLM) coupled via a linker (L) to a protein targeting moiety (PTM), wherein L is a bond or a chemical linker group.
  • MDM2 PROTAC compounds MDM2-mediated proteolysis targeting chimerics
  • PTM is a protein/polypeptide targeting moiety
  • L is a linker
  • MLM is a MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety.
  • the description provides bifunctional molecules as shows in Formula (B), wherein PTM comprises an MDM2 binding moiety (MBM) coupled via a linker (L) to ULM (ubiquitination ligase binding moiety), which comprises a moiety that binds an E3 ubiquitin ligase, e.g., Von Hippel Lindau E3 Ligase (VHM), Cereblon (CLM) or MDM2 (MLM).
  • MDM2 binding moiety MDM2 binding moiety
  • L linker
  • ULM ubiquitination ligase binding moiety
  • VHM Von Hippel Lindau E3 Ligase
  • CLM Cereblon
  • MDM2 MDM2
  • ULM is used inclusively unless the context indicates otherwise to indicate an E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety, including those that bind MDM2 (i.e., MLMs). Further, the term MLM is inclusive of all possible MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moieties.
  • the E3 ubiquitin ligase is MDM2.
  • the ULM is an MLM that binds to MDM2.
  • PTM is a protein target moiety. As such, PTM binds to a specific protein which is set to be ubiquitinated or degraded.
  • “L” is a linker, e.g., a bond (i.e., absent) or a chemical linker that connects PTM and MLM.
  • the MLM of the bifunctional compound as depicted in Formula (A) or (B) comprises chemical moieties such as substituted imidazolines, substituted spiro-indolinones, substituted pyrrolidines, substituted piperidinones, substituted morpholinones, substituted pyrrolopyrimidines, substituted imidazolopyridines, substituted thiazoloimidazoline, substituted pyrrolopyrrolidinones, and substituted isoquinolinones.
  • the MLM comprises the core structures mentioned above with adjacent bis-aryl substitutions positioned as cis- or trans-configurations.
  • the MLM comprises part of structural features as in RG7112, RG7388, SAR405838, AMG-232, AM-7209, DS-5272, MK-8242, and NVP-CGM-097, and analogs or derivatives thereof.
  • the linker “L” is a connector with a linear non-hydrogen atom number in the range of 1 to 20.
  • the connector “L” comprises a functional group, e.g., an ether, amide, alkane, alkene, alkyne, ketone, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, thioether, sulfoxide, and sulfone.
  • the linker can also comprise aromatic, heteroaromatic, cyclic, bycyclic and tricyclic moieties. Substitution with halogen, such as Cl, F, Br and I can be included in the linker. In the case of fluorine substitution, single or multiple fluorines can be included.
  • the compounds as described herein comprise multiple MLMs, multiple PTMs, multiple chemical linkers or a combination thereof.
  • PTMs can be, but not limited to, small molecules binding to kinases, enzymes, transporters, nuclear hormone receptors, non-nuclear hormone receptors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), transcription factors, and epigenetic targets.
  • GPCRs G-protein coupled receptors
  • PTM is a small molecule binding to epigenetic targets
  • the epigenetic targets can be BRDs, such as BRD4.
  • PTM is a small molecule binding to nuclear hormone receptors
  • the nuclear hormone receptor can be, but not limited to, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER).
  • the description provides the compounds as described herein including their enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and polymorphs, including pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, e.g., acid and base salt forms.
  • MLM is a derivative of substituted imidazoline represented as Formula (A-1), or thiazoloimidazoline represented as Formula (A-2), or spiro indolinone represented as Formula (A-3), or pyrollidine represented as Formula (A-4), or piperidinone/morphlinone represented as Formula (A-5), or isoquinolinone represented as Formula (A-6), or pyrollopyrimidine/imidazolopyridine represented as Formula (A-7), or pyrrolopyrrolidinone/imidazolopyrrolidinone represented as Formula (A-8).
  • X is selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, sulfoxide, sulfone, and N—R a ;
  • R 15 is CN
  • R 16 is selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C1-6 alkyl or C3-6 cycloalkyl with one or multiple hydrogens replaced by fluorine, alkyl or cycloalkyl with one CH 2 replaced by S( ⁇ O), —S, or —S( ⁇ O) 2 , alkyl or cycloalkyl with terminal CH 3 replaced by S( ⁇ O) 2 N(alkyl)(alkyl), —C( ⁇ O)N(alkyl)(alkyl), —N(alkyl)S( ⁇ O) 2 (alkyl), —C( ⁇ O)2(allkyl), —O(alkyl), C1-6 alkyl or alkyl-cycloalkyl with hydron replaced by hydroxyl group, a 3 to 7 membered cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl, optionally containing a —(C ⁇ O)— group, or a 5 to
  • the heterocycles in R f and R g are substituted pyrrolidine, substituted piperidine, substituted piperizine.
  • alkyl shall mean within its context a linear, branch-chained or cyclic fully saturated hydrocarbon radical or alkyl group, preferably a C 1 -C 10 , more preferably a C 1 -C 6 , alternatively a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group, which may be optionally substituted.
  • alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, isopropyl, 2-methylpropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopen-tylethyl, cyclohexylethyl and cyclohexyl, among others.
  • the alkyl group is end-capped with a halogen group (Br, Cl, F, or I).
  • lower alkyl refers to methyl, ethyl or propyl
  • lower alkoxy refers to methoxy, ethoxy or propoxy.
  • alkenyl refers to linear, branch-chained or cyclic C 2 -C 10 (preferably C 2 -C 6 ) hydrocarbon radicals containing at least one C ⁇ C bond.
  • Alkynyl refers to linear, branch-chained or cyclic C 2 -C 10 (preferably C 2 -C 6 ) hydrocarbon radicals containing at least one C ⁇ C bond.
  • alkylene when used, refers to a —(CH 2 ) n — group (n is an integer generally from 0-6), which may be optionally substituted.
  • the alkylene group preferably is substituted on one or more of the methylene groups with a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group (including a cyclopropyl group or a t-butyl group), but may also be substituted with one or more halo groups, preferably from 1 to 3 halo groups or one or two hydroxyl groups, O—(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) groups or amino acid sidechains as otherwise disclosed herein.
  • an alkylene group may be substituted with a urethane or alkoxy group (or other group) which is further substituted with a polyethylene glycol chain (of from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, often 1 to 4 ethylene glycol units) to which is substituted (preferably, but not exclusively on the distal end of the polyethylene glycol chain) an alkyl chain substituted with a single halogen group, preferably a chlorine group.
  • a polyethylene glycol chain of from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, often 1 to 4 ethylene glycol units
  • the alkylene (often, a methylene) group may be substituted with an amino acid sidechain group such as a sidechain group of a natural or unnatural amino acid, for example, alanine, ⁇ -alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, phenylalanine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, methionine, proline, serine, threonine, valine, tryptophan or tyrosine.
  • an amino acid sidechain group such as a sidechain group of a natural or unnatural amino acid, for example, alanine, ⁇ -alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, phenylalanine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, methion
  • unsubstituted shall mean substituted only with hydrogen atoms.
  • a range of carbon atoms which includes C 0 means that carbon is absent and is replaced with H.
  • a range of carbon atoms which is C 0 -C 6 includes carbons atoms of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and for C 0 , H stands in place of carbon.
  • substituted or “optionally substituted” shall mean independently (i.e., where more than substituent occurs, each substituent is independent of another substituent) one or more substituents (independently up to five substituents, preferably up to three substituents, often 1 or 2 substituents on a moiety in a compound according to the present invention and may include substituents which themselves may be further substituted) at a carbon (or nitrogen) position anywhere on a molecule within context, and includes as substituents hydroxyl, thiol, carboxyl, cyano (CN), nitro (NO 2 ), halogen (preferably, 1, 2 or 3 halogens, especially on an alkyl, especially a methyl group such as a trifluoromethyl), an alkyl group (preferably, C 1 -C 10 , more preferably, C 1 -C 6 ), aryl (especially phenyl and substituted phenyl for example benzyl or benzoyl), alkoxy group (preferably, C
  • Substituents according to the present invention may include, for example —SiR 1 R 2 R 3 groups where each of R 1 and R 2 is as otherwise described herein and R 3 is H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably R 1 , R 2 , R 3 in this context is a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group (including an isopropyl or t-butyl group).
  • Each of the above-described groups may be linked directly to the substituted moiety or alternatively, the substituent may be linked to the substituted moiety (preferably in the case of an aryl or heteraryl moiety) through an optionally substituted —(CH 2 ) m — or alternatively an optionally substituted —(OCH 2 ) m —, —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) m — or —(CH 2 CH 2 O) m — group, which may be substituted with any one or more of the above-described substituents.
  • Alkylene groups —(CH 2 ) m — or —(CH 2 ) m — groups or other chains such as ethylene glycol chains, as identified above, may be substituted anywhere on the chain.
  • Preferred substituents on alkylene groups include halogen or C 1 -C 6 (preferably C 1 -C 3 ) alkyl groups, which may be optionally substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups, one or two ether groups (O—C 1 -C 6 groups), up to three halo groups (preferably F), or a side chain of an amino acid as otherwise described herein and optionally substituted amide (preferably carboxamide substituted as described above) or urethane groups (often with one or two C 0 -C 6 alkyl substituents, which group(s) may be further substituted).
  • the alkylene group (often a single methylene group) is substituted with one or two optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl groups, preferably C 1 -C 4 alkyl group, most often methyl or O-methyl groups or a sidechain of an amino acid as otherwise described herein.
  • a moiety in a molecule may be optionally substituted with up to five substituents, preferably up to three substituents. Most often, in the present invention moieties which are substituted are substituted with one or two substituents.
  • substituted (each substituent being independent of any other substituent) shall also mean within its context of use C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, halogen, amido, carboxamido, sulfone, including sulfonamide, keto, carboxy, C 1 -C 6 ester (oxyester or carbonylester), C 1 -C 6 keto, urethane —O—C(O)—NR 1 R 2 or —N(R 1 )—C(O)—O—R 1 , nitro, cyano and amine (especially including a C 1 -C 6 alkylene-NR 1 R 2 , a mono- or di-C 1 -C 6 alkyl substituted amines which may be optionally substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups).
  • Each of these groups contain unless otherwise indicated, within
  • R 1 and R 2 are each, within context, H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group (which may be optionally substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups or up to three halogen groups, preferably fluorine).
  • substituted shall also mean, within the chemical context of the compound defined and substituent used, an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group as otherwise described herein.
  • Alkylene groups may also be substituted as otherwise disclosed herein, preferably with optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl or hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl is preferred, thus providing a chiral center), a sidechain of an amino acid group as otherwise described herein, an amido group as described hereinabove, or a urethane group O—C(O)—NR 1 R 2 group where R 1 and R 2 are as otherwise described herein, although numerous other groups may also be used as substituents.
  • Various optionally substituted moieties may be substituted with 3 or more substituents, preferably no more than 3 substituents and preferably with 1 or 2 substituents.
  • aryl or “aromatic”, in context, refers to a substituted (as otherwise described herein) or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic radical having a single ring (e.g., benzene, phenyl, benzyl) or condensed rings (e.g., naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, etc.) and can be bound to the compound according to the present invention at any available stable position on the ring(s) or as otherwise indicated in the chemical structure presented.
  • aryl groups in context, may include heterocyclic aromatic ring systems, “heteroaryl” groups having one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atoms in the ring (moncyclic) such as imidazole, furyl, pyrrole, furanyl, thiene, thiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazole, oxazole or fused ring systems such as indole, quinoline, indoline, azaindoline, benzofuran, etc., among others, which may be optionally substituted as described above.
  • heteroaryl groups having one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atoms in the ring (moncyclic) such as imidazole, furyl, pyrrole, furanyl, thiene, thiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazole, oxazole or fused ring systems such as indole, quinoline, indoline, aza
  • heteroaryl groups include nitrogen-containing heteroaryl groups such as pyrrole, pyridine, pyridone, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, triazine, tetrazole, indole, isoindole, indoline, azaindoline, purine, indazole, quinoline, dihydroquinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, isoquinoline, dihydroisoquinoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, quinolizine, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, imidazopyridine, imidazotriazine, pyrazinopyridazine, acridine, phenanthridine, carbazole, carbazoline, pyrimidine, phenanthroline,
  • substituted aryl refers to an aromatic carbocyclic group comprised of at least one aromatic ring or of multiple condensed rings at least one of which being aromatic, wherein the ring(s) are substituted with one or more substituents.
  • an aryl group can comprise a substituent(s) selected from: —(CH 2 ) n OH, —(CH 2 ) n —O—(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —(CH 2 ) n —O—(CH 2 ) n —(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —(CH 2 ) n —C(O)(C 0 -C 6 ) alkyl, —(CH 2 ) n —C(O)O(C 0 -C 6 )alkyl, —(CH 2 ) n —OC(O)(C 0 -C 6 )alkyl, amine, mono- or di-(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) amine wherein the alkyl group on the amine is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 hydroxyl groups or up to three halo (preferably F, CO groups, OH, COOH, C 1 -C 6 alkyl,
  • Carboxyl denotes the group —C(O)OR, where R is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl, whereas these generic substituents have meanings which are identical with definitions of the corresponding groups defined herein.
  • heteroaryl or “hetaryl” can mean but is in no way limited to an optionally substituted quinoline (which may be attached to the pharmacophore or substituted on any carbon atom within the quinoline ring), an optionally substituted indole (including dihydroindole), an optionally substituted indolizine, an optionally substituted azaindolizine (2, 3 or 4-azaindolizine) an optionally substituted benzimidazole, benzodiazole, benzoxofuran, an optionally substituted imidazole, an optionally substituted isoxazole, an optionally substituted oxazole (preferably methyl substituted), an optionally substituted diazole, an optionally substituted triazole, a tetrazole, an optionally substituted benzofuran, an optionally substituted thiophene, an optionally substituted thiazole (preferably methyl and/or thiol substituted), an optionally substituted is
  • Heterocycle refers to a cyclic group which contains at least one heteroatom, e.g., N, O or S, and may be aromatic (heteroaryl) or non-aromatic.
  • heteroaryl moieties are subsumed under the definition of heterocycle, depending on the context of its use. Exemplary heteroaryl groups are described hereinabove.
  • heterocyclics include: azetidinyl, benzimidazolyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrofuranyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, ethyleneurea, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, furyl, homopiperidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolidinyl isoxazolyl, morpholinyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolidinyl, oxazoly
  • Heterocyclic groups can be optionally substituted with a member selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, substituted cycloalkenyl, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aminoacyloxy, oxyaminoacyl, azido, cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, keto, thioketo, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheterocyclooxy, thiol, thioalkoxy, substituted thioalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heterocyclic, heterocyclooxy, hydroxyamino, alkoxyamino, nitro, —SO-alkyl, —SO-substituted alkyl, —SOary
  • heterocyclic groups can have a single ring or multiple condensed rings.
  • nitrogen heterocycles and heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, indolizine, isoindole, indole, indazole, purine, quinolizine, isoquinoline, quinoline, phthalazine, naphthylpyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, carbazole, carboline, phenanthridine, acridine, phenanthroline, isothiazole, phenazine, isoxazole, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, imidazolidine, imidazoline, piperidine, piperazine, indoline, morpholino, piperidinyl, tetrahydrofur
  • heterocyclic also includes bicyclic groups in which any of the heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring or another heterocyclic ring (for example, indolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, and the like).
  • cycloalkyl can mean but is in no way limited to univalent groups derived from monocyclic or polycyclic alkyl groups or cycloalkanes, as defined herein, e.g., saturated monocyclic hydrocarbon groups having from three to twenty carbon atoms in the ring, including, but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like.
  • substituted cycloalkyl can mean but is in no way limited to a monocyclic or polycyclic alkyl group and being substituted by one or more substituents, for example, amino, halogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, carbyloxy, carbylmercapto, aryl, nitro, mercapto or sulfo, whereas these generic substituent groups have meanings which are identical with definitions of the corresponding groups as defined in this legend.
  • Heterocycloalkyl refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic alkyl group in which at least one ring carbon atom of its cyclic structure being replaced with a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O, S or P.
  • Substituted heterocycloalkyl refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic alkyl group in which at least one ring carbon atom of its cyclic structure being replaced with a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, O, S or P and the group is containing one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, carbyloxy, carbylmercapto, aryl, nitro, mercapto or sulfo, whereas these generic substituent group have meanings which are identical with definitions of the corresponding groups as defined in this legend.
  • MLMs include those shown below as well as those ‘hybrid’ molecules that arise from the combination of 1 or more of the different features shown in the molecules below.
  • PROTACs can be prepared to target a particular protein for degradation, where ‘L” is a connector (i.e. a linker group), and “PTM” is a ligand binding to a target protein.
  • L is a connector (i.e. a linker group)
  • PTM is a ligand binding to a target protein.
  • the description provides a bifunctional molecule comprising a structure selected from the group consisting of:
  • the description provides bifunctional or chimeric molecules with the structure: PTM-L-MLM, wherein PTM is a protein target binding moiety coupled to an MLM by L, wherein L is a bond (i.e., absent) or a chemical linker.
  • the MLM has a structure selected from the group consisting of A-1-1, A-1-2, A-1-3, and A-1-4:
  • R1′ and R2′ are independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, acetylene, CN, CF 3 and NO 2 ;
  • R3′ is selected from the group consisting of —OCH 3 , —OCH 2 CH 3 , —OCH 2 CH 2 F, —OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , and —OCH(CH 3 ) 2 ;
  • R4′ is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, —CH 3 , —CF 3 , —OCH 3 , —C(CH 3 ) 3 , —CH(CH 3 ) 2 , -cyclopropyl, —CN, —C(CH 3 ) 2 OH, —C(CH 3 ) 2 OCH 2 CH 3 , —C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 OH, —C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 , —C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OH
  • the linker connection position is at least one of R4′ or R6′ or both.
  • R6′ is independently selected from the group consisting of H,
  • the linker is attached to at least one of R1′, R2′, R3′, R4′, R5′, R6′, or a combination thereof.
  • the description provides bifunctional or chimeric molecules with the structure: PTM-L-MLM, wherein PTM is a protein target binding moiety coupled to an MLM by L, wherein L is a bond (i.e., absent) or a chemical linker.
  • the MLM has a structure selected from the group consisting of A-4-1, A-4-2, A-4-3, A-4-4, A-4-5, and A-4-6:
  • R7′ is a member selected from the group consisting of halogen, mono-, and di- or tri-substituted halogen
  • R8′ is selected from the group consisting of H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CN, —NO 2 , ethylnyl, cyclopropyl, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, vinyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, —OH, other C1-6 alkyl, other C1-6 alkenyl, and C1-6 alkynyl, mono-, di- or tri-substituted;
  • R9′ is selected from the group consistin of alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hetero aryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, al
  • the alkyl, alkoxy or the like can be a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy.
  • the linker connection position is at least one of Z, R8′, R9′, R10′, R11′′, R12′′, or R1′′.
  • the method used to design chimeric molecules as presented in A-1-1 through A-1-4, A-4-1 through A-4-6 can be applied to MBM or MLM with formula A-2, A-3, A-5, A-6, A-7 and A-8, wherein the solvent exposed area in the MBM or MLM can be connected to linker “L” which will be attached to target protein ligand “PTM”, to construct PROTACs.
  • the compounds as described herein can be chemically linked or coupled via a chemical linker (L).
  • the linker group L is a group comprising one or more covalently connected structural units of B (e.g., —B 1 . . . B q —), wherein B 1 is a group coupled to at least one of a MBM, a PTM, or a combination thereof.
  • B 1 links an MBM, a PTM, or a combination thereof.
  • B 1 links an MBM, a PTM or a combination thereof directly to another MBM, PTM, or combination thereof.
  • B 1 links a MBM, a PTM, or a combination thereof indirectly to another MBM, PTM, or combination thereof through B q .
  • B 1 to B q are, each independently, a bond, CR L1 R L2 , O, S, SO, SO 2 , NR L3 , SO 2 NR L3 , SONR L3 , CONR L3 , NR L3 CONR L4 , NR L3 SO 2 NR L4 , CO, CR L1 ⁇ CR L2 , C ⁇ C, SiR L1 R L2 , P(O)R L1 , P(O)OR L1 , NR L3 C( ⁇ NCN)NR L4 , NR L3 C( ⁇ NCN), NR L3 C( ⁇ CNO 2 )NR L4 , C 3-11 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 0-6 R L1 and/or R L2 groups, C 3-11 heteocyclyl optionally substituted with 0-6 R L1 and/or R L2 groups, aryl optionally substituted with 0-6 R L1 and/or R L2 groups, hetero
  • q is an integer greater than or equal to 0. In certain embodiments, q is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • B q is a group which is connected to MBM, and B 1 and B q are connected via structural units of B (number of such structural units of B: q-2).
  • B q is a group which is connected to B 1 and to a MBM.
  • the structure of the linker group L is —B 1 —, and B 1 is a group which is connected to a MBM moiety and a PTM moiety.
  • q is an integer from 1 to 100, 1 to 90, 1 to 80, 1 to 70, 1 to 60, 1 to 50, 1 to 40, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10.
  • the linker (L) is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the linker group is optionally substituted (poly)ethyleneglycol having between 1 and about 100 ethylene glycol units, between about 1 and about 50 ethylene glycol units, between 1 and about 25 ethylene glycol units, between about 1 and 10 ethylene glycol units, between 1 and about 8 ethylene glycol units and 1 and 6 ethylene glycol units, between 2 and 4 ethylene glycol units, or optionally substituted alkyl groups interdispersed with optionally substituted, O, N, S, P or Si atoms.
  • the linker is substituted with an aryl, phenyl, benzyl, alkyl, alkylene, or heterocycle group.
  • the linker may be asymmetric or symmetrical.
  • the linker group may be any suitable moiety as described herein.
  • the linker is a substituted or unsubstituted polyethylene glycol group ranging in size from about 1 to about 12 ethylene glycol units, between 1 and about 10 ethylene glycol units, about 2 about 6 ethylene glycol units, between about 2 and 5 ethylene glycol units, between about 2 and 4 ethylene glycol units.
  • the MLM (or ULM) group and PTM group may be covalently linked to the linker group through any group which is appropriate and stable to the chemistry of the linker, in preferred aspects of the present invention, the linker is independently covalently bonded to the MLM group and the PTM group preferably through an amide, ester, thioester, keto group, carbamate (urethane), carbon or ether, each of which groups may be inserted anywhere on the MLM group and PTM group to provide maximum binding of the MLM group on the ubiquitin ligase and the PTM group on the target protein to be degraded.
  • the target protein for degradation may be the ubiquitin ligase itself).
  • the linker may be linked to an optionally substituted alkyl, alkylene, alkene or alkyne group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group on the MLM and/or PTM groups.
  • “L” can be linear chains with linear atoms from 4 to 24, the carbon atom in the linear chain can be substituted with oxygen, nitrogen, amide, fluorinated carbon, etc., such as the following:
  • “L” can be nonlinear chains, and can be aliphatic or aromatic or heteroaromatic cyclic moieties, some examples of “L” include but not be limited to the following:
  • the PTM group is a group, which binds to target proteins.
  • Targets of the PTM group are numerous in kind and are selected from proteins that are expressed in a cell such that at least a portion of the sequences is found in the cell and may bind to a PTM group.
  • the term “protein” includes oligopeptides and polypeptide sequences of sufficient length that they can bind to a PTM group according to the present invention. Any protein in a eukaryotic system or a microbial system, including a virus, bacteria or fungus, as otherwise described herein, are targets for ubiquitination mediated by the compounds according to the present invention.
  • the target protein is a eukaryotic protein.
  • the protein binding moiety is a haloalkane (preferably a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group which is substituted with at least one halo group, preferably a halo group at the distal end of the alkyl group (i.e., away from the linker or CLM group), which may covalently bind to a dehalogenase enzyme in a patient or subject or in a diagnostic assay.
  • a haloalkane preferably a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group which is substituted with at least one halo group, preferably a halo group at the distal end of the alkyl group (i.e., away from the linker or CLM group)
  • PTM groups according to the present invention include, for example, include any moiety which binds to a protein specifically (binds to a target protein) and includes the following non-limiting examples of small molecule target protein moieties: Hsp90 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, compounds targeting Human BET Bromodomain-containing proteins, HDAC inhibitors, human lysine methyltransferase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, nuclear hormone receptor compounds, immunosuppressive compounds, and compounds targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), among numerous others.
  • the compositions described below exemplify some of the members of these nine types of small molecule target protein binding moieties.
  • Such small molecule target protein binding moieties also include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers, solvates and polymorphs of these compositions, as well as other small molecules that may target a protein of interest.
  • These binding moieties are linked to the ubiquitin ligase binding moiety preferably through a linker in order to present a target protein (to which the protein target moiety is bound) in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and degradation.
  • target proteins may include, for example, structural proteins, receptors, enzymes, cell surface proteins, proteins pertinent to the integrated function of a cell, including proteins involved in catalytic activity, aromatase activity, motor activity, helicase activity, metabolic processes (anabolism and catrabolism), antioxidant activity, proteolysis, biosynthesis, proteins with kinase activity, oxidoreductase activity, transferase activity, hydrolase activity, lyase activity, isomerase activity, ligase activity, enzyme regulator activity, signal transducer activity, structural molecule activity, binding activity (protein, lipid carbohydrate), receptor activity, cell motility, membrane fusion, cell communication, regulation of biological processes, development, cell differentiation, response to stimulus, behavioral proteins, cell adhesion proteins, proteins involved in cell death, proteins involved in transport (including protein transporter activity,
  • Proteins of interest can include proteins from eurkaryotes and prokaryotes including humans as targets for drug therapy, other animals, including domesticated animals, microbials for the determination of targets for antibiotics and other antimicrobials and plants, and even viruses, among numerous others.
  • the PTM group is a haloalkyl group, wherein said alkyl group generally ranges in size from about 1 or 2 carbons to about 12 carbons in length, often about 2 to 10 carbons in length, often about 3 carbons to about 8 carbons in length, more often about 4 carbons to about 6 carbons in length.
  • the haloalkyl groups are generally linear alkyl groups (although branched-chain alkyl groups may also be used) and are end-capped with at least one halogen group, preferably a single halogen group, often a single chloride group.
  • Haloalkyl PT, groups for use in the present invention are preferably represented by the chemical structure —(CH 2 ) v -Halo where v is any integer from 2 to about 12, often about 3 to about 8, more often about 4 to about 6.
  • Halo may be any halogen, but is preferably Cl or Br, more often Cl.
  • the present invention provides a library of compounds.
  • the library comprises more than one compound wherein each composition has a formula of A-B, wherein A is a ubiquitin pathway protein binding moiety (preferably, an E3 ubiquitin ligase moiety as otherwise disclosed herein) and B is a protein binding member of a molecular library, wherein A is coupled (preferably, through a linker moiety) to B, and wherein the ubiquitin pathway protein binding moiety recognizes an ubiquitin pathway protein, in particular, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, such as cereblon.
  • A is a ubiquitin pathway protein binding moiety (preferably, an E3 ubiquitin ligase moiety as otherwise disclosed herein)
  • B is a protein binding member of a molecular library, wherein A is coupled (preferably, through a linker moiety) to B, and wherein the ubiquitin pathway protein binding moiety recognizes an ubiquitin pathway protein, in particular, an E3 ubiquitin
  • the library contains a specific cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety bound to random target protein binding elements (e.g., a chemical compound library).
  • target protein e.g., a chemical compound library.
  • the target protein is not determined in advance and the method can be used to determine the activity of a putative protein binding element and its pharmacological value as a target upon degradation by ubiquitin ligase.
  • the present invention may be used to treat a number of disease states and/or conditions, including any disease state and/or condition in which proteins are dysregulated and where a patient would benefit from the degradation of proteins.
  • the description provides therapeutic compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, additive or excipient, and optionally an additional bioactive agent.
  • the therapeutic compositions modulate protein degradation in a patient or subject, for example, an animal such as a human, and can be used for treating or ameliorating disease states or conditions which are modulated through the degraded protein.
  • the therapeutic compositions as described herein may be used to effectuate the degradation of proteins of interest for the treatment or amelioration of a disease, e.g., cancer.
  • the disease is multiple myeloma.
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating a disease state or ameliorating the symptoms of a disease or condition in a subject in need thereof by degrading a protein or polypeptide through which a disease state or condition is modulated comprising administering to said patient or subject an effective amount, e.g., a therapeutically effective amount, of at least one compound as described hereinabove, optionally in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, additive or excipient, and optionally an additional bioactive agent, wherein the composition is effective for treating or ameliorating the disease or disorder or symptom thereof in the subject.
  • the method according to the present invention may be used to treat a large number of disease states or conditions including cancer, by virtue of the administration of effective amounts of at least one compound described herein.
  • the disease state or condition may be a disease caused by a microbial agent or other exogenous agent such as a virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoa or other microbe or may be a disease state, which is caused by overexpression of a protein, which leads to a disease state and/or condition.
  • the description provides methods for identifying the effects of the degradation of proteins of interest in a biological system using compounds according to the present invention.
  • target protein is used to describe a protein or polypeptide, which is a target for binding to a compound according to the present invention and degradation by ubiquitin ligase hereunder.
  • target protein binding moieties also include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers, solvates and polymorphs of these compositions, as well as other small molecules that may target a protein of interest. These binding moieties are linked to CLM or ULM groups through linker groups L.
  • Target proteins which may be bound to the protein target moiety and degraded by the ligase to which the ubiquitin ligase binding moiety is bound include any protein or peptide, including fragments thereof, analogues thereof, and/or homologues thereof.
  • Target proteins include proteins and peptides having any biological function or activity including structural, regulatory, hormonal, enzymatic, genetic, immunological, contractile, storage, transportation, and signal transduction.
  • the target proteins include structural proteins, receptors, enzymes, cell surface proteins, proteins pertinent to the integrated function of a cell, including proteins involved in catalytic activity, aromatase activity, motor activity, helicase activity, metabolic processes (anabolism and catrabolism), antioxidant activity, proteolysis, biosynthesis, proteins with kinase activity, oxidoreductase activity, transferase activity, hydrolase activity, lyase activity, isomerase activity, ligase activity, enzyme regulator activity, signal transducer activity, structural molecule activity, binding activity (protein, lipid carbohydrate), receptor activity, cell motility, membrane fusion, cell communication, regulation of biological processes, development, cell differentiation, response to stimulus, behavioral proteins, cell adhesion proteins, proteins involved in cell death, proteins involved in transport (including protein transporter activity, nuclear transport, ion transporter activity, channel transporter activity, carrier activity, permease activity, secretion activity, electron transporter activity, pathogenesis, chaperone regulator activity, nucleic acid binding activity
  • Proteins of interest can include proteins from eurkaryotes and prokaryotes, including microbes, viruses, fungi and parasites, including humans, microbes, viruses, fungi and parasites, among numerous others, as targets for drug therapy, other animals, including domesticated animals, microbials for the determination of targets for antibiotics and other antimicrobials and plants, and even viruses, among numerous others.
  • protein target moiety or PTM is used to describe a small molecule which binds to a target protein or other protein or polypeptide of interest and places/presents that protein or polypeptide in proximity to an ubiquitin ligase such that degradation of the protein or polypeptide by ubiquitin ligase may occur.
  • small molecule target protein binding moieties include Hsp90 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, MDM2 inhibitors, compounds targeting Human BET Bromodomain-containing proteins, HDAC inhibitors, human lysine methyltransferase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, immunosuppressive compounds, and compounds targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), among numerous others.
  • AHR aryl hydrocarbon receptor
  • Exemplary protein target moieties include, haloalkane halogenase inhibitors, Hsp90 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, MDM2 inhibitors, compounds targeting Human BET Bromodomain-containing proteins, HDAC inhibitors, human lysine methyltransferase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, immunosuppressive compounds, and compounds targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR).
  • haloalkane halogenase inhibitors include, haloalkane halogenase inhibitors, Hsp90 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, MDM2 inhibitors, compounds targeting Human BET Bromodomain-containing proteins, HDAC inhibitors, human lysine methyltransferase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, immunosuppressive compounds, and compounds targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR).
  • AHR aryl hydrocarbon receptor
  • Additional exemplary protein targets to which a PTM may bind and may be incorporated into compounds as described herein include, Adrenomedullin (AM), Angiopoietin (Ang), Autocrine motility factor, Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Ciliary neurotrophic factor family Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), Interleukin-(IL-6), Colony-stimulating factors Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (m-CSF), Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), Epidermal growth factor (EGF), Ephrins Ephrin A1, Ephrin A2, Ephrin A3, Ephrin A4, Ephrin A5, Ephrin B1, Ephrin B2, Ephrin B3, Erythropoietin (EPO), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Foetal Bovine S
  • a number of drug targets for human therapeutics represent protein targets to which protein target moiety may be bound and incorporated into compounds according to the present invention.
  • proteins which may be used to restore function in numerous polygenic diseases including for example B7.1 and B7, TINFR1m, TNFR2, NADPH oxidase, BclIBax and other partners in the apotosis pathway, C5a receptor, HMG-CoA reductase, PDE V phosphodiesterase type, PDE IV phosphodiesterase type 4, PDE I, PDEII, PDEIII, squalene cyclase inhibitor, CXCR1, CXCR2, nitric oxide (NO) synthase, cyclo-oxygenase 1, cyclo-oxygenase 2, 5HT receptors, dopamine receptors, G Proteins, i.e., Gq, histamine receptors, 5-lipoxygenase, tryptase serine protease, thy
  • Additional protein targets include, for example, ecdysone 20-monooxygenase, ion channel of the GABA gated chloride channel, acetylcholinesterase, voltage-sensitive sodium channel protein, calcium release channel, and chloride channels. Still further target proteins include Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, adenylosuccinate synthetase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, and enolpyruvylshikimate-phosphate synthase.
  • Haloalkane dehalogenase enzymes are another target of specific compounds according to the present invention.
  • Compounds according to the present invention which contain chloroalkane peptide binding moieties may be used to inhibit and/or degrade haloalkane dehalogenase enzymes which are used in fusion proteins or related dioagnostic proteins as described in PCT/US2012/063401 filed Dec. 6, 2011 and published as WO 2012/078559 on Jun. 14, 2012, the contents of which is incorporated by reference herein.
  • compositions described below exemplify some of the members of these types of small molecule target protein binding moieties.
  • Such small molecule target protein binding moieties also include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers, solvates and polymorphs of these compositions, as well as other small molecules that may target a protein of interest. References which are cited hereinbelow are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
  • HSP90 Heat Shock Protein 90
  • HSP90 inhibitors as used herein include, but are not limited to:
  • HSP90 inhibitor p54 8-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanyl]-3]pent-4-yn-1-yl-3H-purin-6-amine:
  • linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the terminal acetylene group;
  • linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the amide group (at the amine or at the alkyl group on the amine);
  • HSP90 inhibitors modified (modified) identified in Wright, et al., Structure-Activity Relationships in Purine-Based Inhibitor Binding to HSP90 Isoforms, Chem Biol. 2004 June; 11(6):775-85, including the HSP90 inhibitor PU3 having the structure:
  • HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin ((4E,6Z,8S,9S,10E,12S,13R,14S,16R)-13-hydroxy-8,14,19-trimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3,20,22-trioxo-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1] (derivatized) or any of its derivatives (e.g.
  • 17-alkylamino-17-desmethoxygeldanamycin (“17-AAG”) or 17-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amino-17-desmethoxygeldanamycin (“17-DMAG”)) (derivatized, where a linker group L or a-(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the amide group).
  • Kinase inhibitors as used herein include, but are not limited to:
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group attached, for example, via the ether group;
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group attached, for example, to the pyrrole moiety;
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group attached, for example, to the amide moiety;
  • R is a linker group L or a-(L-MLM) attached, for example, to the pyrimidine;
  • linker group L or a-(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the terminal methyl of the sulfonyl methyl group;
  • linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the amine (aniline), carboxylic acid or amine alpha to cyclopropyl group, or cyclopropyl group;
  • linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, preferably via either the i-propyl group or the t-butyl group;
  • linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the terminal methyl group bound to amide moiety;
  • linker group L or a -(L-MLM)group is attached, for example, via the terminal methyl group bound to the amide moiety;
  • linker group L or a -(L-MLM)group is attached, for example, via the secondary amine or terminal amino group;
  • kinase inhibitors identified in Lountos, et al., “Structural Characterization of Inhibitor Complexes with Checkpoint Kinase 2 (Chk2), a Drug Target for Cancer Therapy”, J. STRUCT. BIOL. vol: 176, pag: 292 (2011), including the kinase inhibitor YCF having the structure:
  • linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via either of the terminal hydroxyl groups;
  • linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the terminal hydroxyl group (XK9) or the hydrazone group (NXP);
  • kinase inhibitor afatinib derivatized (N-[4-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]-7-[[(3S)-tetrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy]-6-quinazolinyl]-4(dimethylamino)-2-butenamide) (Derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the aliphatic amine group);
  • the kinase inhibitor fostamatinib derivatized ([6-( ⁇ 5-fluoro-2-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl ⁇ amino)-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-b]-1,4-oxazin-4-yl]methyl disodium phosphate hexahydrate) (Derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via a methoxy group);
  • kinase inhibitor gefitinib (derivatized) (N-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-7-methoxy-6-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)quinazolin-4-amine):
  • linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via a methoxy or ether group;
  • kinase inhibitor lenvatinib (derivatized) (4-[3-chloro-4-(cyclopropylcarbamoylamino)phenoxy]-7-methoxy-quinoline-6-carboxamide) (derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the cyclopropyl group);
  • kinase inhibitor vandetanib (N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methoxy]quinazolin-4-amine) (derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the methoxy or hydroxyl group);
  • vemurafenib derivatized (propane-1-sulfonic acid ⁇ 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carbonyl]-2,4-difluoro-phenyl ⁇ -amide), derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the sulfonyl propyl group;
  • R as a linker group L or a-(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the amide group or via the aniline amine group;
  • kinase inhibitor pazopanib derivatized (VEGFR3 inhibitor):
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety or via the aniline amine group;
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety or the aniline amine group;
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety or the diazole group;
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety or the diazole group;
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety;
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-MLM)group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety or a hydroxyl or ether group on the quinoline moiety;
  • linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, at R, as indicated;
  • linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, at R;
  • linker group L or a-(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, at R;
  • linker group L or a-(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, at R;
  • linker group L or a-(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, at R;
  • linker group L or a-(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, at R.
  • R designates a site for attachment of a linker group L or a -(L-MLM)group on the piperazine moiety.
  • HDM2/MDM2 Inhibitors
  • HDM2/MDM2 inhibitors as used herein include, but are not limited to:
  • PTM can be ligands binding to Bromo- and Extra-terminal (BET) proteins BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4.
  • BET Bromo- and Extra-terminal
  • Compounds targeting Human BET Bromodomain-containing proteins include, but are not limited to the compounds associated with the targets as described below, where “R” or “linker” designates a site for linker group L or a-(L-MLM) group attachment, for example:
  • HDAC Inhibitors include, but are not limited to:
  • R designates a site for attachment, for example, of a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group
  • Human Lysine Methyltransferase inhibitors include, but are not limited to:
  • R designates a site for attachment, for example, of a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group
  • R designates a potential site for attachment, for example, of a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group
  • Azacitidine (4-amino-1- ⁇ -D-ribofuranosyl-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one) (Derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is attached, for example, via the hydroxy or amino groups); and
  • Angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to:
  • GA-1 derivatized and derivatives and analogs thereof, having the structure(s) and binding to linkers as described in Sakamoto, et al., Development of Protacs to target cancer-promoting proteins for ubiquitination and degradation, Mol Cell Proteomics 2003 December; 2(12):1350-8;
  • Estradiol which may be bound to a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group as is generally described in Rodriguez-Gonzalez, et al., Targeting steroid hormone receptors for ubiquitination and degradation in breast and prostate cancer, Oncogene (2008) 27, 7201-7211;
  • Estradiol, testosterone (derivatized) and related derivatives including but not limited to DHT and derivatives and analogs thereof, having the structure(s) and binding to a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group as generally described in Sakamoto, et al., Development of Protacs to target cancer-promoting proteins for ubiquitination and degradation, Mol Cell Proteomics 2003 December; 2(12):1350-8; and
  • Immunosuppressive compounds include, but are not limited to:
  • Glucocorticoids e.g., hydrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, and methylprednisolone
  • Glucocorticoids (e.g., hydrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, and methylprednisolone) (Derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group is to bound, e.g. to any of the hydroxyls) and beclometasone dipropionate (Derivatized where a linker group or a -(L-MLM) is bound, e.g. to a proprionate);
  • Methotrexate (Derivatized where a linker group or a -(L-MLM) group can be bound, e.g. to either of the terminal hydroxyls);
  • Ciclosporin (Derivatized where a linker group or a -(L-MLM) group can be bound, e.g. at any of the butyl groups);
  • Tacrolimus FK-506
  • rapamycin Derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group can be bound, e.g. at one of the methoxy groups
  • Actinomycins (Derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) group can be bound, e.g. at one of the isopropyl groups).
  • AHR aryl hydrocarbon receptor
  • SR1 and LGC006 (derivatized such that a linker group L or a -(L-MLM) is bound), as described in Boitano, et al., Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Antagonists Promote the Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Science 10 Sep. 2010: Vol. 329 no. 5997 pp. 1345-1348.
  • Thyroid Hormone Receptor Ligand (derivatized)
  • compositions comprising combinations of an effective amount of at least one bifunctional compound as described herein, and one or more of the compounds otherwise described herein, all in effective amounts, in combination with a pharmaceutically effective amount of a carrier, additive or excipient, represents a further aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure includes, where applicable, the compositions comprising the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, in particular, acid or base addition salts of compounds as described herein.
  • the acids which are used to prepare the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the aforementioned base compounds useful according to this aspect are those which form non-toxic acid addition salts, i.e., salts containing pharmacologically acceptable anions, such as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, acetate, lactate, citrate, acid citrate, tartrate, bitartrate, succinate, maleate, fumarate, gluconate, saccharate, benzoate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and pamoate [i.e., 1,1′-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3 naphtho
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts may also be used to produce pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the compounds or derivatives according to the present disclosure.
  • the chemical bases that may be used as reagents to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable base salts of the present compounds that are acidic in nature are those that form non-toxic base salts with such compounds.
  • Such non-toxic base salts include, but are not limited to those derived from such pharmacologically acceptable cations such as alkali metal cations (eg., potassium and sodium) and alkaline earth metal cations (eg, calcium, zinc and magnesium), ammonium or water-soluble amine addition salts such as N-methylglucamine-(meglumine), and the lower alkanolammonium and other base salts of pharmaceutically acceptable organic amines, among others.
  • the compounds as described herein may, in accordance with the disclosure, be administered in single or divided doses by the oral, parenteral or topical routes.
  • Administration of the active compound may range from continuous (intravenous drip) to several oral administrations per day (for example, Q.I.D.) and may include oral, topical, parenteral, intramuscular, intravenous, sub-cutaneous, transdermal (which may include a penetration enhancement agent), buccal, sublingual and suppository administration, among other routes of administration.
  • Enteric coated oral tablets may also be used to enhance bioavailability of the compounds from an oral route of administration. The most effective dosage form will depend upon the pharmacokinetics of the particular agent chosen as well as the severity of disease in the patient.
  • compositions comprising an effective amount of compound as described herein, optionally in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, additive or excipient.
  • Compounds according to the present disclosureion may be administered in immediate release, intermediate release or sustained or controlled release forms. Sustained or controlled release forms are preferably administered orally, but also in suppository and transdermal or other topical forms. Intramuscular injections in liposomal form may also be used to control or sustain the release of compound at an injection site.
  • compositions as described herein may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and may also be administered in controlled-release formulations.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that may be used in these pharmaceutical compositions include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as prolamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.
  • compositions as described herein may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir.
  • parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
  • the compositions are administered orally, intraperitoneally or intravenously.
  • Sterile injectable forms of the compositions as described herein may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1, 3-butanediol.
  • the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or di-glycerides.
  • Fatty acids such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions.
  • oils such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions.
  • These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, such as Ph. Helv or similar alcohol.
  • compositions as described herein may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions.
  • carriers which are commonly used include lactose and corn starch.
  • Lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added.
  • useful diluents include lactose and dried corn starch.
  • aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening, flavoring or coloring agents may also be added.
  • compositions as described herein may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration.
  • suppositories for rectal administration.
  • a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the drug.
  • suitable non-irritating excipient include cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
  • compositions as described herein may also be administered topically. Suitable topical formulations are readily prepared for each of these areas or organs. Topical application for the lower intestinal tract can be effected in a rectal suppository formulation (see above) or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-acceptable transdermal patches may also be used.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a suitable ointment containing the active component suspended or dissolved in one or more carriers.
  • Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax and water.
  • the compounds may be coated onto a stent which is to be surgically implanted into a patient in order to inhibit or reduce the likelihood of occlusion occurring in the stent in the patient.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated in a suitable lotion or cream containing the active components suspended or dissolved in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, or, preferably, as solutions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, either with our without a preservative such as benzylalkonium chloride.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in an ointment such as petrolatum.
  • compositions as described herein may also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation.
  • Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing agents.
  • compositions should be formulated to contain between about 0.05 milligram to about 750 milligrams or more, more preferably about 1 milligram to about 600 milligrams, and even more preferably about 10 milligrams to about 500 milligrams of active ingredient, alone or in combination with at least one other compound according to the present invention.
  • a specific dosage and treatment regimen for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and the judgment of the treating physician and the severity of the particular disease or condition being treated.
  • a patient or subject in need of therapy using compounds according to the methods described herein can be treated by administering to the patient (subject) an effective amount of the compound according to the present invention including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or polymorphs, thereof optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, either alone, or in combination with other known erythopoiesis stimulating agents as otherwise identified herein.
  • These compounds can be administered by any appropriate route, for example, orally, parenterally, intravenously, intradermally, subcutaneously, or topically, including transdermally, in liquid, cream, gel, or solid form, or by aerosol form.
  • the active compound is included in the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent in an amount sufficient to deliver to a patient a therapeutically effective amount for the desired indication, without causing serious toxic effects in the patient treated.
  • a preferred dose of the active compound for all of the herein-mentioned conditions is in the range from about 10 ng/kg to 300 mg/kg, preferably 0.1 to 100 mg/kg per day, more generally 0.5 to about 25 mg per kilogram body weight of the recipient/patient per day.
  • a typical topical dosage will range from 0.01-5% wt/wt in a suitable carrier.
  • the compound is conveniently administered in any suitable unit dosage form, including but not limited to one containing less than 1 mg, 1 mg to 3000 mg, preferably 5 to 500 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form.
  • An oral dosage of about 25-250 mg is often convenient.
  • the active ingredient is preferably administered to achieve peak plasma concentrations of the active compound of about 0.00001-30 mM, preferably about 0.1-30 ⁇ M. This may be achieved, for example, by the intravenous injection of a solution or formulation of the active ingredient, optionally in saline, or an aqueous medium or administered as a bolus of the active ingredient. Oral administration is also appropriate to generate effective plasma concentrations of active agent.
  • the concentration of active compound in the drug composition will depend on absorption, distribution, inactivation, and excretion rates of the drug as well as other factors known to those of skill in the art. It is to be noted that dosage values will also vary with the severity of the condition to be alleviated. It is to be further understood that for any particular subject, specific dosage regimens should be adjusted over time according to the individual need and the professional judgment of the person administering or supervising the administration of the compositions, and that the concentration ranges set forth herein are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope or practice of the claimed composition.
  • the active ingredient may be administered at once, or may be divided into a number of smaller doses to be administered at varying intervals of time.
  • Oral compositions will generally include an inert diluent or an edible carrier. They may be enclosed in gelatin capsules or compressed into tablets. For the purpose of oral therapeutic administration, the active compound or its prodrug derivative can be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of tablets, troches, or capsules. Pharmaceutically compatible binding agents, and/or adjuvant materials can be included as part of the composition.
  • the tablets, pills, capsules, troches and the like can contain any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; an excipient such as starch or lactose, a dispersing agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or Sterotes; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate, or orange flavoring.
  • a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin
  • an excipient such as starch or lactose, a dispersing agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch
  • a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or Sterotes
  • a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide
  • the active compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered as a component of an elixir, suspension, syrup, wafer, chewing gum or the like.
  • a syrup may contain, in addition to the active compounds, sucrose as a sweetening agent and certain preservatives, dyes and colorings and flavors.
  • the active compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can also be mixed with other active materials that do not impair the desired action, or with materials that supplement the desired action, such as erythropoietin stimulating agents, including EPO and darbapoietin alfa, among others.
  • erythropoietin stimulating agents including EPO and darbapoietin alfa
  • one or more compounds according to the present invention are coadministered with another bioactive agent, such as an erythropoietin stimulating agent or a would healing agent, including an antibiotic, as otherwise described herein.
  • Solutions or suspensions used for parenteral, intradermal, subcutaneous, or topical application can include the following components: a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, fixed oils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose.
  • the parental preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic.
  • preferred carriers are physiological saline or phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
  • the active compounds are prepared with carriers that will protect the compound against rapid elimination from the body, such as a controlled release formulation, including implants and microencapsulated delivery systems.
  • a controlled release formulation including implants and microencapsulated delivery systems.
  • Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid. Methods for preparation of such formulations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • Liposomal suspensions may also be pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. These may be prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,522,811 (which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • liposome formulations may be prepared by dissolving appropriate lipid(s) (such as stearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine, stearoyl phosphatidyl choline, arachadoyl phosphatidyl choline, and cholesterol) in an inorganic solvent that is then evaporated, leaving behind a thin film of dried lipid on the surface of the container. An aqueous solution of the active compound are then introduced into the container. The container is then swirled by hand to free lipid material from the sides of the container and to disperse lipid aggregates, thereby forming the liposomal suspension.
  • appropriate lipid(s) such as stearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine, stearoyl phosphat
  • the description provides therapeutic compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the therapeutic compositions modulate protein degradation in a patient or subject, for example, an animal such as a human, and can be used for treating or ameliorating disease states or conditions which are modulated through the degraded protein.
  • treat refers to any action providing a benefit to a patient for which the present compounds may be administered, including the treatment of any disease state or condition which is modulated through the protein to which the present compounds bind.
  • Disease states or conditions, including cancer, which may be treated using compounds according to the present invention are set forth hereinabove.
  • the description provides therapeutic compositions as described herein for effectuating the degradation of proteins of interest for the treatment or amelioration of a disease, e.g., cancer.
  • a disease e.g., cancer.
  • the disease is multiple myeloma.
  • the description provides a method of ubiquitinating/degrading a target protein in a cell.
  • the method comprises administering a bifunctional compound as described herein comprising, e.g., a MLM and a PTM, preferably linked through a linker moiety, as otherwise described herein, wherein the MLM is coupled to the PTM and wherein the MLM recognizes a ubiquitin pathway protein (e.g., an ubiquitin ligase, preferably an E3 ubiquitin ligase such as, e.g., cereblon) and the PTM recognizes the target protein such that degradation of the target protein will occur when the target protein is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase, thus resulting in degradation/inhibition of the effects of the target protein and the control of protein levels.
  • a ubiquitin pathway protein e.g., an ubiquitin ligase, preferably an E3 ubiquitin ligase such as, e.g., cereblon
  • the PTM recognizes the target protein such that degradation of the target protein will occur when the target protein is
  • the control of protein levels afforded by the present invention provides treatment of a disease state or condition, which is modulated through the target protein by lowering the level of that protein in the cell, e.g., cell of a patient.
  • the method comprises administering an effective amount of a compound as described herein, optionally including a pharamaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, adjuvant, another bioactive agent or combination thereof.
  • the description provides methods for treating or emeliorating a disease, disorder or symptom thereof in a subject or a patient, e.g., an animal such as a human, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising an effective amount, e.g., a therapeutically effective amount, of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, adjuvant, another bioactive agent or combination thereof, wherein the composition is effective for treating or ameliorating the disease or disorder or symptom thereof in the subject.
  • a composition comprising an effective amount, e.g., a therapeutically effective amount, of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, adjuvant, another bioactive agent or combination thereof, wherein the composition is effective for treating or ameliorating the disease or disorder or symptom thereof in the subject.
  • the description provides methods for identifying the effects of the degradation of proteins of interest in a biological system using compounds according to the present invention.
  • the present invention is directed to a method of treating a human patient in need for a disease state or condition modulated through a protein where the degradation of that protein will produce a therapeutic effect in that patient, the method comprising administering to a patient in need an effective amount of a compound according to the present invention, optionally in combination with another bioactive agent.
  • the disease state or condition may be a disease caused by a microbial agent or other exogenous agent such as a virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoa or other microbe or may be a disease state, which is caused by overexpression of a protein, which leads to a disease state and/or condition
  • disease state or condition is used to describe any disease state or condition wherein protein dysregulation (i.e., the amount of protein expressed in a patient is elevated) occurs and where degradation of one or more proteins in a patient may provide beneficial therapy or relief of symptoms to a patient in need thereof. In certain instances, the disease state or condition may be cured.
  • Disease states of conditions which may be treated using compounds according to the present invention include, for example, asthma, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, various cancers, ciliopathies, cleft palate, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, mental retardation, mood disorder, obesity, refractive error, infertility, Angelman syndrome, Canavan disease, Coeliac disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Haemochromatosis, Haemophilia, Klinefelter's syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, Phenylketonuria, Polycystic kidney disease, (PKD1) or 4 (PKD2) Prader-Willi syndrome, Sickle-cell disease, Tay-Sachs disease, Turner syndrome.
  • autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, various cancers, ciliopathies, cleft palate, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, mental retardation, mood disorder, obesity, refractive error
  • Further disease states or conditions which may be treated by compounds according to the present invention include Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease), Anorexia nervosa, Anxiety disorder, Atherosclerosis, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autism, Bipolar disorder, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn's disease, Coronary heart disease, Dementia, Depression, Diabetes mellitus type 1, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Epilepsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Irritable bowel syndrome, Lupus, Metabolic syndrome, Multiple sclerosis, Myocardial infarction, Obesity, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Panic disorder, Parkinson's disease, Psoriasis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Schizophrenia, Stroke, Thromboangiitis obliterans, Tourette syndrome, Vasculitis.
  • Alzheimer's disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • Still additional disease states or conditions which can be treated by compounds according to the present invention include aceruloplasminemia, Achondrogenesis type II, achondroplasia, Acrocephaly, Gaucher disease type 2, acute intermittent porphyria , Canavan disease, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli , ALA dehydratase deficiency, adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency, Adrenogenital syndrome, Adrenoleukodystrophy, ALA-D porphyria , ALA dehydratase deficiency, Alkaptonuria, Alexander disease, Alkaptonuric ochronosis, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor, emphysema, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Alström syndrome, Alexander disease, Amelogenesis imperfecta, ALA dehydratase deficiency, Anderson-Fabry disease, androgen insensitivity syndrome, Anemia Angiokeratoma Corpori
  • neoplasia or “cancer” is used throughout the specification to refer to the pathological process that results in the formation and growth of neoplasm, i.e., abnormal tissue that grows by cellular proliferation, often more rapidly than normal and continues to grow after the stimuli that initiated the new growth cease.
  • Malignant neoplasms show partial or complete lack of structural organization and functional coordination with the normal tissue and most invade surrounding tissues, metastasize to several sites, and are likely to recur after attempted removal and to cause the death of the patient unless adequately treated.
  • the term neoplasia is used to describe all cancerous disease states and embraces or encompasses the pathological process associated with malignant hematogenous, ascitic and solid tumors.
  • Exemplary cancers which may be treated by the present compounds either alone or in combination with at least one additional anti-cancer agent include squamous-cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinomas, and renal cell carcinomas, cancer of the bladder, bowel, breast, cervix, colon, esophagus, head, kidney, liver, lung, neck, ovary, pancreas, prostate, and stomach; leukemias; benign and malignant lymphomas, particularly Burkitt's lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; benign and malignant melanomas; myeloproliferative diseases; sarcomas, including Ewing's sarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, liposarcoma, myosarcomas, peripheral neuroepithelioma, synovial sarcoma, gliomas, astrocytomas, oligodendro
  • Additional cancers which may be treated using compounds according to the present invention include, for example, T-lineage Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL), T-lineage lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LL), Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, Adult T-cell Leukemia, Pre-B ALL, Pre-B Lymphomas, Large B-cell Lymphoma, Burkitts Lymphoma, B-cell ALL, Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL and Philadelphia chromosome positive CML.
  • T-ALL T-lineage Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia
  • T-LL T-lineage lymphoblastic Lymphoma
  • Peripheral T-cell lymphoma Peripheral T-cell lymphoma
  • Adult T-cell Leukemia Pre-B ALL
  • Pre-B Lymphomas Large B-cell Lymphoma
  • Burkitts Lymphoma B-cell ALL
  • Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL Philadelphia chromosome positive CML.
  • bioactive agent is used to describe an agent, other than a compound according to the present invention, which is used in combination with the present compounds as an agent with biological activity to assist in effecting an intended therapy, inhibition and/or prevention/prophylaxis for which the present compounds are used.
  • Preferred bioactive agents for use herein include those agents which have pharmacological activity similar to that for which the present compounds are used or administered and include for example, anti-cancer agents, antiviral agents, especially including anti-HIV agents and anti-HCV agents, antimicrobial agents, antifungal agents, etc.
  • anti-cancer agent is used to describe an anti-cancer agent, which may be incorporated into the bifunctional compounds according to the present invention or incombination with the same to treat cancer.
  • agents include, for example, everolimus, trabectedin, abraxane, TLK 286, AV-299, DN-101, pazopanib, GSK690693, RTA 744, ON 0910.Na, AZD 6244 (ARRY-142886), AMN-107, TKI-258, GSK461364, AZD 1152, enzastaurin, vandetanib, ARQ-197, MK-0457, MLN8054, PHA-739358, R-763, AT-9263, a FLT-3 inhibitor, a VEGFR inhibitor, an EGFR TK inhibitor, an aurora kinase inhibitor, a PIK-1 modulator, a Bcl-2 inhibitor, an HDAC inhbitor, a c-MET inhibitor, a PARP inhibitor
  • anti-HIV agent includes, for example, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), other non-nucloeoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i.e., those which are not representative of the present invention), protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, among others, exemplary compounds of which may include, for example, 3TC (Lamivudine), AZT (Zidovudine), ( ⁇ )-FTC, ddl (Didanosine), ddC (zalcitabine), abacavir (ABC), tenofovir (PMPA), D-D4FC (Reverset), D4T (Stavudine), Racivir, L-FddC, L-FD4C, NVP (Nevirapine), DLV (Delavirdine), EFV (Efavirenz), SQVM (Saquinavir mesylate), RTV (Ritonavir), IDV (Indinavir), SQ
  • NNRTI's i.e., other than the NNRTI's according to the present invention
  • NNRTI's may be selected from the group consisting of nevirapine (BI-R6-587), delavirdine (U-90152S/T), efavirenz (DMP-266), UC-781 (N-[4-chloro-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]-2methyl3-furancarbothiamide), etravirine (TMC 125), Trovirdine (Ly300046.HCl), MKC-442 (emivirine, coactinon), HI-236, HI-240, HI-280, HI-281, rilpivirine (TMC-278), MSC-127, HBY 097, DMP266, Baicalin (TJN-151) ADAM-II (Methyl 3′,3′-dichlor
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt is used throughout the specification to describe, where applicable, a salt form of one or more of the compounds described herein which are presented to increase the solubility of the compound in the gastic juices of the patient's gastrointestinal tract in order to promote dissolution and the bioavailability of the compounds.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic bases and acids, where applicable. Suitable salts include those derived from alkali metals such as potassium and sodium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium and ammonium salts, among numerous other acids and bases well known in the pharmaceutical art. Sodium and potassium salts are particularly preferred as neutralization salts of the phosphates according to the present invention.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable derivative is used throughout the specification to describe any pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug form (such as an ester, amide other prodrug group), which, upon administration to a patient, provides directly or indirectly the present compound or an active metabolite of the present compound.
  • the following structures are ligands for BET (bromodomain and extra terminal domain). These ligands are used as an example only to demonstrate the current invention of using MDM2 E3 ligase to degrade a target protein and in no way limit the present invention.
  • the target protein is BRD2 (BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4).
  • the PTM is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the PTM is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the PTM is selected from the group consisting of:
  • JNK ligand The following is an example of JNK ligand.
  • the ligands is used as an example only to demonstrate the current invention of using MDM2 E3 ligase to degrade a target protein and in no way limit the present invention.
  • the PTM is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the chimeric molecule is selected from the group consisting of:
  • MDM2 ligand derived chimeric molecules using VHL E3 ligase to degrade MDM2 which provides examples for Formula (B) as described herein.
  • the description provides a bifunctional molecules selected from the group consisting of:
  • MDM2 ligand derived chimeric molecules using MDM2 E3 ligase to degrade androgen receptor.
  • the chimeric molecule is selected from the group consisting of:
  • MDM2 ligand derived chimeric molecules using MDM2 E3 ligase to degrade EZH2.
  • the description provides a bifunctional compound selected from the group consisting of:
  • MDM2 ligand derived chimeric molecules using MDM2 E3 ligase to degrade JNK.
  • the description provides a bifunctional compound selected from the group consisting of:
  • the description provides a composition, e.g., a pharmaceutical composition or therapeutic composition comprising an effective amount of at least one compound as described or exemplified herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • Step 1 Synthesis of tert-butyl N-(14-[2-[(9S)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetraazatricyclo[8.3.0.0 ⁇ [2,6]]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetamido]-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-yl)carbamate
  • Step 2 Synthesis of N-(14-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-yl)-2-[(9S)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetraazatricyclo[8.3.0.0 ⁇ [2,6]]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetamide
  • Step 3 3-(3-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-N- ⁇ 4-[(14- ⁇ 2-[(9S)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,13-trimethyl-3-thia-1,8,11,12-tetraazatricyclo[8.3.0.0 2,6 ]trideca-2(6),4,7,10,12-pentaen-9-yl]acetamido ⁇ -3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-yl)carbamoyl]-2-methoxyphenyl ⁇ -4-cyano-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (A1876)
  • A1876 was separated by preparative LC with a chiral column to provide two fractions as A1893 and A1894.
  • Step 3 Synthesis of tert-butyl (2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-([[4-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]methyl]carbamoyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 5 Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[(2S)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-([[4-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]methyl]carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbama
  • Step 6 Synthesis of (2S, 4R)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]-4-hydroxy-N-[[4-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride
  • Step 7 Synthesis of tert-butyl N-(2-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl)carbamate
  • Step 8 Synthesis of 14-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecanoic acid
  • Step 9 Synthesis of tert-butyl N-(1-[[(2S)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-([[4-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]methyl]carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl)carbamate
  • the resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of water (20 mL). The resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL ⁇ 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL ⁇ 1). The mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied onto a silica gel column eluted with dichloromethane/methanol (10:1).
  • Step 10 Synthesis of (2S,4R)-1-[(2S)-2-(14-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecanamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]-4-hydroxy-N-[ [4-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
  • Step 11 Synthesis of 3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-cyano-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-[4-[(1-[[(2S)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-([[4-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)phenyl]methyl]carbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatridecan-13-yl)carbamoyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (A1895)
  • the resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of water (20 mL). The resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL ⁇ 3) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL ⁇ 1). The mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum.
  • the crude material was purified by prep-HPLC (column: XBridge Shield RP18 OBD Column, Sum, 19*150 mm; Mobile Phase A: water (10 mmol/L bicarbonate amine), Mobile Phase B: acetonitrile; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 50% B to 60% B in 9 min; 254 nm).
  • A1895 was separated by Prep-chiral-HPLC (column: Phenomenex Lux 5u Cellulose-4, AXIA Packed 250*21.2 mm, Sum; Mobile Phase: methanol in water, Flow rate: 20 mL/min; run time: 24 min; 254/220 nm). Two fractions were collected. Fraction A (RT1: 11.68 min) gave A1896 (15 mg) as a white solid.
  • Step 1 Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[(1,3-trans)-3-(3-chloro-4-cyanophenoxy)-2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutyl]carbamate
  • Step 3 Synthesis of 4-[[(1,3-trans)-3-(3-chloro-4-cyanophenoxy)-2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutyl]carbamoyl]phenyl acetate
  • Step 4 Synthesis of 4-hydroxy-N-[(1,3-trans)-3-(3-chloro-4-cyanophenoxy)-2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutyl]benzamide
  • Step 6 Synthesis of tert-butyl N-(1-phenyl-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxahexadecan-16-yl)carbamate
  • Step 7 Synthesis of tert-butyl 14-hydroxy-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecylcarbamate
  • Step 8 Synthesis of tert-butyl N-(14-[[(4-methylbenzene)sulfonyl]oxy]-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-yl)carbamate
  • tert-butyl N-(14-hydroxy-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-yl)carbamate 228.0 mg, 0.68 mmol, 1.00 equiv
  • 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (192.0 mg, 1.01 mmol, 1.50 equiv)
  • triethylamine 136.2 mg, 1.35 mmol, 2.00 equiv
  • 4-dimethylaminopyridine (16.4 mg, 0.13 mmol, 0.20 equiv) were mixed in dichloromethane (10 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 8 h at room temperature.
  • Step 9 Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[1-(4-[[(1,3-trans)-3-(3-chloro-4-cyanophenoxy)-2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutyl]carbamoyl]phenyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxapentadecan-15-yl]carbamate
  • the resulting solution was stirred for 5 h at 80° C. in an oil bath. The reaction was quenched with 50 mL of water. The resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL ⁇ 3) and the organic layers were combined. The resulting mixture was washed with brine (50 mL ⁇ 3) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After the evaporation of solvents, the crude product was purified by prep-TLC with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (4/1).
  • Step 10 Synthesis of 4-[(14-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-yl)oxy]-N-[(1,3-trans)-3-(3-chloro-4-cyanophenoxy)-2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutyl]benzamide hydrochloride
  • Step 11 Synthesis of 3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-cyano-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-[1-(4-[ [(1,3-trans)-3-(3-chloro-4-cyanophenoxy)-2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutyl]carbamoyl]phenyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxapentadecan-15-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (A1717)
  • N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (82.3 mg, 0.64 mmol, 5.00 equiv) was added and the reaction was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of 20 mL of water. The resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL ⁇ 3) and the organic layers were combined. The resulting mixture was washed with brine (50 mL ⁇ 3) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
  • the crude product was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions: Column, XBridge Shield RP18 OBD Column, 5 um, 19*150 mm; mobile phase:water with 10 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate and acetonitrile (hold 74.0% acetonitrile in 10 min); Detector, UV 254 nm.
  • A1717 was separated by preparative chiral HPLC (Column: Chiralpak IA 2*25 cm, 5 um; Mobile Phase A: hexane; Mobile Phase B: ethanol; Flow rate: 15 mL/min; Gradient: 50 B to 50 B in 35 min; 254/220 nm). The chiral separation resulted in two fractions.
  • Step 4 and Step 5 Preparation of (2R,3S,4R,5S)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-cyano-N-(3- ⁇ [5-(4- ⁇ 3-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-1-yl ⁇ phenoxy)pentyl]oxy ⁇ propyl)-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (A2434)
  • Step 4 and step 5 were carried out using the method as described for the synthesis of A1717.
  • Compound A2435 was prepared with the same method as described for the preparation of A2434.
  • Step 4 Synthesis of methyl 5-bromo-2-methyl-3-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) amino) benzoate
  • Step 5 Synthesis of methyl 5-bromo-3-[ethyl(oxan-4-yl)amino]-2-methylbenzoate
  • Step 7 Synthesis of 5-bromo-N-((4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3-(ethyl(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino)-2-methylbenzamide
  • step 6 The acid from step 6 (0.5 g, 1.5 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (5 mL), and 3-(amino methyl)-4,6-dimethylpyridin-2(1H)-one (0.45 g, 2.9 mmol) and DIEA (0.84 g, 5.8 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then PYBOP (1.6 g, 3.0 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Upon the completion of the reaction as determined by TLC, the reaction mixture was poured onto ice-cold water (150 mL). The mixture was stirred for another 10 minutes and the solid was collected by filtration.
  • Step 8 to step 13 Synthesis of 3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-cyano-N-[4-( ⁇ 1-[4-(3- ⁇ [(4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -5-[ethyl(oxan-4-yl)amino]-4-methylphenyl)phenyl]-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxaoctadecan-18-yl ⁇ carbamoyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (A2844)
  • step 8 through step 10 Reactions in step 8 through step 10 were carried out using the standard procedure of tosylation on hydroxyl group, tosyl group displacement by bis-Boc-amine under potassium carbonate condition and tosyl group displacement by phenol.
  • the Suzuki coupling in Step 11 was carried out using palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) under the stand Suzuki coupling condition.
  • the final two steps in forming A2844 were followed the same procedure as described for the synthesis of A1717. Compound A2844 was isolated as a solid.
  • Compound A2790 was prepared using the same method as described for the preparation of A2844.
  • Step 1 Synthesis of [(2E)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-[2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]prop-2-en-1-ylidene]dimethylazanium
  • Step 8 Synthesis of 2-(2-(2-((1,4-trans)-4-(4-(1-benzyl-5-(dimethylamino)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)cyclohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol
  • Step 9 Synthesis of 2-[2-(2-[[(1,4-trans)-4-([4-[1-benzyl-5-(dimethylamino)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl]amino)cyclohexyl]oxy]ethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonate
  • Step 10 through Step 12 Preparation of 3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-cyano-5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-[2-methoxy-5-( ⁇ 2-[2-(2- ⁇ [(1r,4r)-4-( ⁇ 4-[1-benzyl-5-(dimethylamino)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl ⁇ amino)cyclohexyl]oxy ⁇ -ethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl ⁇ carbamoyl)phenyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (A2766)
  • A2766 from the intermediate prepared in step 9 was carried out using the same method descried for the preparation of A1717, namely, the conversion of the tosyl group to amine and followed by amide formation with MDM2 ligand.
  • Compound A2720, A2791 and A2792 were prepared with the same method as described for the preparation of A2766.
  • the following biological assays were performed to evaluate the protein degradation in various cell types using representative compounds disclosed. In each assay, cells were treated with varying amounts of compounds encompassed by the current disclosure as shown in the Table. The degradation of the following proteins were evaluated: bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), androgen receptor (AR), c-Myc, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2).
  • BBD4 bromodomain-containing protein 4
  • AR androgen receptor
  • JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinases
  • EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2
  • VCaP cells were chased from ATCC and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (ATCC), supplemented with 10% FBS (ATCC) and Penicillin/Streptomycin (Life Technologies).
  • DMSO control and compound treatments (0.03 ⁇ M to 1 ⁇ M) were performed in 12-well plates for 16 h. cells were harvested, and lysed in RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris pH8, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Tx-100, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate) supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Lysates were clarified at 16,000 g for 10 minutes, and protein concentration was determined.
  • Equal amount of protein (20 ⁇ g) was subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis and followed by immunoblotting according to standard protocols.
  • the antibodies used were BRD4 (Cell signaling #13440), and Actin (Sigma #5441). Detection reagents were Clarity Western ELC substrate (Bio-rad #170-5060).
  • VCaP cells were chased from ATCC and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (ATCC), supplemented with 10% FBS (ATCC) and Penicillin/Streptomycin (Life Technologies). DMSO control and compound treatments (0.0001 ⁇ M to 1 ⁇ M) were performed in 96-well plates for 16 h.
  • ATCC Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
  • FBS FBS
  • Penicillin/Streptomycin Life Technologies
  • Cell Lysis Buffer (catalog #9803) (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM Na 2 EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 1% Triton, 2.5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM B-glycerophosphate, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 1 ⁇ g/mL leupeptin. Lysates were clarified at 16,000 g for 10 minutes, and loaded into PathScan AR ELISA (Cell Signaling Catalog #12850).
  • the PathScan Total Androgen Receptor Sanwich ELISA Kit is a solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects endogenous levels of total androgen receptor protein.
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • An Androgen Receptor Rabbit mAb has been coated onto the microwells. After incubation with cell lysates, androgen receptor protein is captured by the coated antibody. Following extensive washing, an Androgen receptor Mouse Detection mAbis added to detect the captured androgen receptor protein.
  • Anti-mouse IgG, HRP-linked Antibody is then used to recognize the bound detection antibody.
  • HRP substrate, TMB is added to develop color. The magnitude of absorbance for the developed color is proportional to the quantity of total androgen receptor protein.
  • 22Rv-1 cells were purchased from ATCC and cultured in RPMI with 10% FBS. Cells were harvested using trypsin (Gibco #25200-114), counted and seeded at 30,000 cells/well at a volume of 75 ⁇ L/well in RPMI with 10% FBS in 96-well plates. Cells were dosed with compounds diluted in 0.1% DMSO, incubated for 18 h, then washed and lysed in 50 ⁇ L RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Tx-100, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate) supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors.
  • RIPA buffer 50 mM Tris pH 8, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Tx-100, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate
  • the lysates were clarified at 4000 rpm at 4° C. for 10 minutes. Aliquots were added into a 96-well ELISA plate of Novex Human c-Myc ELISA kit from Life Technologies (catalog # KH02041). Into each well was added 50 ⁇ L of c-Myc detection antibody. Plates were incubated at room temperature for 3 h, washed with ELISA wash buffer, followed by addition of 100 ⁇ L of the anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody and 30 minutes of incubation. The plates were washed with ELISA wash buffer followed by addition of 100 ⁇ L of TMB to each well. Color change was monitored every 5 minutes. Stop solution (100 ⁇ L) was added and plates were read at 450 nM.
  • Cells were purchased from ATCC and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (ATCC), supplemented with 10% FBS (ATCC) and Penicillin/Streptomycin (Life Technologies). DMSO control and compound treatments (0.003 ⁇ M, 0.01 ⁇ M, 0.03 ⁇ M and 0.1 ⁇ M) were performed in 12-well plates for 16 h. Cells were harvested, and lysed in RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris pH8, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Tx-100, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate) supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Lysates were clarified at 16,000 g for 10 minutes, and protein concentration was determined. Equal amount of protein (20 ⁇ g) was subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis and followed by immunoblotting according to standard protocols.
  • RIPA buffer 50 mM Tris pH8, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Tx-100, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate
  • c-Myc suppression was observed in 22rv1 cells by chimeric molecules, where BRD4 ligand is connected through linkers to MDM2 ligands using partial structural motif in RG7388.
  • Chimeric molecules with inactive MDM2 ligand demonstrated no c-Myc suppression across a range of concentrations, while chimeric molecules with active MDM2 ligand showed dose dependent c-Myc suppression, suggesting BRD4 degradation mediated by MDM2 E3 ligase ubiquitination mechanism, as c-Myc is directly regulated by the level of BRD4.
  • Chimeric molecules with MDM2 ligand as a racemate displayed similar c-Myc suppression as observed in those containing active MDM2 ligand.
  • MDM2 up regulation and p53 level increase is due to the chimeric molecule action mechanism of not only binding to MDM2 to block p53-MDM2 interaction but also degrading MDM2. Therefore, the net MDM2 up-regulation is significantly less, which also translated to p53 level due to MDM2-p53 feedback loop.
  • MDM2-recruiting BRD-4 PROTAC with active MDM2 binding moiety (A-1893) caused very potent growth inhibition in comparison with the MDM2-recruiting BRD-4 PROTAC with inactive MDM2 binding moiety (A-1894) ( FIG. 4 ).
  • BRD4-Cereblon PROTAC A-825, MDM2 antagonist RG7388 (A-1850), the racemate of RG7388 (A-1851) and JQ1 were included as a direct comparison.
  • the degradation activities for target proteins are categorized as following: A (0 to 25% degradation at 1 ⁇ M); B (25 to 50% degradation at 1 ⁇ M) and C (larger than 50% degradation at 1 ⁇ M).

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WO2017197046A1 (fr) 2016-05-10 2017-11-16 C4 Therapeutics, Inc. Dégronimères de type glutarimide liés au carbone c3 pour la dégradation de protéines cibles
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