US20170008896A1 - Heteroaryl syk inhibitors - Google Patents

Heteroaryl syk inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170008896A1
US20170008896A1 US15/125,599 US201515125599A US2017008896A1 US 20170008896 A1 US20170008896 A1 US 20170008896A1 US 201515125599 A US201515125599 A US 201515125599A US 2017008896 A1 US2017008896 A1 US 2017008896A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
group
het
alkyl
oxo
butyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US15/125,599
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English (en)
Inventor
Georg Dahmann
Matthias Hoffmann
Jasna Klicic
David James LAMB
Clive McCarthy
Spencer NAPIER
Karen PARRISH
John Scott
Jennifer L. Swantek FITZGERALD
Edward Walker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
Evotec UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH filed Critical Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
Priority to US15/125,599 priority Critical patent/US20170008896A1/en
Publication of US20170008896A1 publication Critical patent/US20170008896A1/en
Assigned to EVOTEC (UK) LTD. reassignment EVOTEC (UK) LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PARRISH, Karen, WALKER, EDWARD, NAPIER, Spencer, SCOTT, JOHN
Assigned to BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM INTERNATIONAL GMBH reassignment BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM INTERNATIONAL GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: EVOTEC (UK) LTD.
Assigned to BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM INTERNATIONAL GMBH reassignment BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM INTERNATIONAL GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FITZGERALD, Jennifer L. Swantek, HOFFMANN, MATTHIAS, DAHMANN, GEORG, LAMB, DAVID JAMES
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
    • A61K31/416—1,2-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. indazole
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    • A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4162—1,2-Diazoles condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
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    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to new substituted heteroaryls of formula 1
  • A is selected from the group consisting of N and CH
  • D is selected from the group consisting of CH, N, NH,
  • T is selected from the group consisting of C and N,
  • G is selected from the group consisting of C and N,
  • each of the broken (dotted) double bonds in ring 1 are selected from either a single bond or a double bond under the proviso that all single and double bonds of ring 1 are arranged in such a way that they all form together with ring 2 an aromatic ring system,
  • M, R 3 and R 1 are defined as in claim 1 .
  • the invention relates to the above compounds of formula 1 or of formula 1′ for the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, lupus erythematodes, lupus nephritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • the present invention describes new compounds that inhibit the protein kinase Syk (spleen tyrosine kinase), the preparation and formulation thereof and their use for preparing a medicament.
  • Syk is an intracellular tyrosine kinase that has an important mediator function in the signal transduction of different receptors in B-cells, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, T-cells, dendritic cells and epithelial cells.
  • the receptors in which Syk performs an important function in signal transduction include for example the receptors for IgE (Fc ⁇ RI) and IgG (Fc ⁇ R1) on mast cells and B cells, the B-cell receptor (BCR) and the T-cell receptor (TCR) on B- and T-cells, the ICAM1 receptor (ICAM1R) on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, the DAP12-receptor on natural killer cells, dendritic cells and osteoclasts, the dectin 1-receptor on a subpopulation of T-helper cells (Th-17 cells), as well as the integrin receptors for ⁇ 1-, ⁇ 2- and ⁇ 3-integrins on neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages (Wong et al.; Expert Opin.
  • IgE In mast cells the binding of IgE to Fc ⁇ RI causes the cross-linking of IgE-receptors and the recruiting and activation of Lyn (a tyrosine kinase from the Src family). Active Lyn phoshorylates so-called ITAM motifs, which are present in many of the receptors listed above, and thereby generates binding sites for the SH2-domain of Syk. As a result of the binding to the ITAM motif Syk is activated and then phosphorylates various substrates which are needed for the release of allergic and inflammatory mediators such as e.g. histamine and ⁇ -hexosamidase ( ⁇ HA), as well as for the synthesis of lipid mediators, such as e.g. prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
  • ⁇ HA ⁇ -hexosamidase
  • Syk has been discussed as a therapeutic target for different diseases such as e.g. allergic rhinitis, asthma, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, osteopenia, osteoporosis, COPD and various leukaemias and lymphomas (Wong et al.; Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (2004) 13(7), 743-762; Ulanova et al.; Expert Opion. Ther. Target (2005) 9(5); 901-921; Sigh and Masuda. Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry (2007) Vol 42; 379-391; Bajpai et al.; Expert Opin. Investig.
  • Allergic rhinitis and asthma are diseases associated with allergic reactions and inflammatory processes and involving different cell types such as e.g. Mast cells, eosinophils, T-cells and dendritic cells.
  • the high affinity immunoglobulin receptors for IgE (Fc ⁇ RI) and IgG (Fc ⁇ R1) are activated and induce the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and bronchoconstrictors.
  • An inhibitor of the Syk kinase activity should thus be able to inhibit these steps.
  • RA Rheumatoid arthritis
  • B-cells play a significant role, as has been demonstrated for example by the therapeutic use of rituximab, a B cell-depleting antibody.
  • Syk In addition to the function of Syk in the signal transduction of the BCR (which after being stimulated also induces the release of pro-inflammatory mediators), Syk also plays an important part in the maturation and proliferation of B cells (Cheng et al. Nature (1995) 378, 303-306, Cornall et al., PNAS (2000) 97(4), 1713-1718).
  • An inhibitor of the Syk kinase activity may thus offer a therapeutic option for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as RA and diseases with an increased proliferation of B cells, such as e.g. B-cell lymphomas.
  • COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • a cellular level in COPD there is in particular a multiplication of T-lymphocytes, neutrophils, granulocytes and macrophages.
  • a multiplication of T-lymphocytes, neutrophils, granulocytes and macrophages in particular, there is an increase in the number of CD8-positive lymphocytes, that is directly connected with the impairment of lung function.
  • Another characteristic of COPD are acute deteriorations in lung function (exacerbations), characterised by viral (e.g. Rhinovirus), or bacterial (e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis ) infections.
  • an inhibitor of the Syk kinase activity could be a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of the inflammatory processes that underlie COPD. It has also been shown that Syk in epithelial cells of the respiratory tract is involved in the ICAM1R-mediated uptake and subsequent replication of the Rhinovirus and that a si-RNA against Syk blocks these steps (Wang et al.; J. Immunol. (2006) 177, 6859-6870; Lau et al.; J. Immunol. (2008) 180, 870-880). Thus, an inhibitor of the Syk kinase activity could also be used therapeutically in exacerbations caused by Rhinoviruses.
  • B-ALL B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • FL follicular lymphoma
  • DLBCL diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  • NHS mantle cell lymphomas
  • AML acute myeloid leukemia
  • Idiophathic thrombocytopenic purpura is an autoimmune disease in which IgG autoantibodies against antigens present on platelets bind to and destroy platelets.
  • Patients with ITP have an accelerated clearence of circulating IgG-coated platelets via macrophages in the spleen and the liver.
  • an inhibitor of Syk is considered to have a therapeutic benefit in Fc ⁇ R-mediated cytopenias like ITP.
  • the Syk inhibitor R788 (R406) improved platelet counts in a single center, Being label study in patients with ITP (Podolanczuk et al; Blood (2009) 113, 3154-3169).
  • Bullous pemphigoid (Ujiie et al. Journal of Dermatology 2010; 37: 194-204) is a chronic, autoimmune, subepidermal, blistering skin disease that rarely involves mucous membranes. Bullous pemphigoid is characterized by the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies specific for the hemidesmosomal bullous pemphigoid antigens BP230 (BPAg1) and BP180 (BPAg2).
  • IgG immunoglobulin G
  • Pemphigus vulgaris (Venugopal et al. Dermatol. Clin. 2011; 29:373-80) is a chronic blistering skin disease with skin lesions that are rarely pruritic, but which are often painful.
  • Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease caused by IgG autoantibodies directed against both desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3 resulting in the loss of cohesion between keratinocytes in the epidermis. It is characterized by extensive flaccid blisters and mucocutaneous erosions. In both diseases IgG autoantibodies bind to Fc receptor gamma (FcR ⁇ ) and activate FcR ⁇ and downstream signaling via Syk kinase. Thus, an inhibitor of the Syk kinase activity which blocks downstream signalling of the FcRg could be used therapeutically to treat patients with bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris.
  • FcR ⁇ Fc receptor gamma
  • SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • 1,6-Naphthyridines are known as SYK-inhibitors.
  • SYK-inhibitors For example U.S. Pat. No. 3,928,367, U.S. Pat. No. 4,017,500, U.S. Pat. No. 4,115,395 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,260,759 describe 5-amino-1,6-naphthyridines with an antifungal and antibacterial activity.
  • WO 9918077 describes 5-piperazinyl-1,6-naphthyridines as serotonin antagonists. Additionally, U.S. Pat. No.
  • 7,321,041 describes substituted 1,6-naphthyridines as SYK-inhibitors, however these 1,6-naphthyridines have a completely different substitution pattern from the compounds according to the invention. Also WO 2011092128 discloses 1,6-naphthyridines which are substituted in 5- and in 7-position.
  • WO 01/83485 discloses substituted imidazopyrimidines and triazolopyrimidines as SYK-inhibitors
  • WO 2008/113469 discloses substituted imidazo- and triazolopyrimidines as GSK 3 ⁇ -inhibitors.
  • quinolones are known as SYK-inhibitors.
  • SYK-inhibitors For instance, WO 2006038041 and WO 2013014060 both disclose quinoline-compounds which are substituted in the 5- and 7-position, however the substitution pattern—in particular in the 7-position—is completely different from the one of the compounds of formula 1 of the instant invention.
  • the compounds of formulas 1 and 1′ and in particular the compounds of formulas 1d, 1d′, 1e, 1e′, 1f or 1f′ are particularly suitable for the treatment of respiratory complaints, allergic diseases, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and diseases of the peripheral or central nervous system, particularly for the treatment of asthma, allergic rhinitis, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic dermatitis, lupus erythematosus (SLE) and COPD, in particular because all these compounds of the present invention show the following desired capacities:
  • the compounds of formula 1 and 1′ of the instant invention have several significant structural differences compared to the previously known prior art compounds.
  • the compounds of formula 1 and 1′ of the instant invention differ from the previously known 1,6-naphthyridines, quinolones, pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazines, imidazopyrimidines and triazolopyrimidines therein that they combine the following features:
  • the present invention concerns compounds of formula 1
  • A is selected from the group consisting of N and CH
  • D is selected from the group consisting of CH, N, NH,
  • T is selected from the group consisting of C and N,
  • G is selected from the group consisting of C and N,
  • each of the broken (dotted) double bonds in ring 1 are selected from either a single bond or a double bond under the proviso that all single and double bonds of ring 1 are arranged in such a way that they all form together with ring 2 an aromatic ring system, and wherein
  • M is selected from the group consisting of —CH 2 —, —O—, —NH— and —N(C 1-4 -alkyl)-;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl
  • Het is selected from the group consisting of
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of
  • each Z is a substituent selected from the group consisting of
  • each X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, —OH, oxo, —C 1-4 -alkyl, —O—C 1-4 -alkyl, —C 1-4 -haloalkyl, —O—(C 1-4 -alkylene)-Het, Het, Hetaryl, —NH 2 , —NH(CH 3 ), —N(CH 3 ) 2 ,
  • substituent X is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents of a group selected from oxo, —OH, halogen and C 1-3 -alkyl,
  • a preferred embodiment of the instant invention relates to the aforementioned compounds of formula 1′
  • the instant invention concerns the aforementioned compounds of formula 1 or of formula 1′,
  • M is —CH 2 —
  • R 3 is methyl
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of
  • each X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, oxo, —C 1-4 -alkyl, —O—C 1-4 -alkyl, —C 1-4 -haloalkyl, —O—(C 1-4 -alkylene)-Het, Het, Hetaryl, —NH 2 ,
  • substituent X is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents of a group selected from oxo, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl,
  • A is selected from the group consisting of N and CH,
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of
  • each Z is a substituent selected from the group consisting of —OH, oxo, —CN, halogen, —C 1-6 -alkyl, —O—C 1-6 -alkyl, —C 1-6 -haloalkyl, three- to seven-membered cycloalkyl, Het, Hetaryl, —CO—N(CH 3 ) 2 , —CO—NHCH 3 , —CO—NH 2 , —(C 1-3 -alkylene)-O—-(C 1-3 -alkyl), —O-Het,
  • each X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, oxo, —C 1-4 -alkyl, —O—C 1-4 -alkyl, —C 1-4 -haloalkyl, —O—(C 1-4 -alkylene)Het, Het, —NH 2 ,
  • substituent X is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents of a group selected from oxo, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl,
  • the instant invention relates to the above compounds of the aforementioned formula 1 d or formula 1d′, wherein
  • A is CH
  • R 1 is either
  • R 1 is attached to the rest of the molecule either via a C-atom or via an N-atom and is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents Z,
  • each Z is a substituent selected from the group consisting of
  • each X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, oxo, —C 1-4 -alkyl, —O—C 1-4 -alkyl, —C 1-4 -haloalkyl, —O—(C 1-4 -alkylene)-Het, Het, —NH 2 ,
  • substituent X is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents of a group selected from oxo, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl,
  • the instant invention relates to the above compounds of the aformentioned formula 1d or formula 1d′, wherein
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, indazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazo-pyridinyl and indolyl,
  • R 1 is attached to the rest of the molecule either via a C-atom or via an N-atom and is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents Z,
  • each Z is a substituent selected from the group consisting of
  • each X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, oxo, —C 1-4 -alkyl, —O—C 1-4 -alkyl, —C 1-4 -haloalkyl, —O-(C 1-4 -alkylene)-Het, Het, —NH 2 ,
  • substituent X is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents of a group selected from oxo, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl,
  • the instant invention relates to the above compound of the aforementioned formula 1d or formula 1d′, which is
  • the instant invention relates to compounds of formula 1e,
  • A is selected from the group consisting of N and CH
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of
  • each Z is a substituent selected from the group consisting of —OH, oxo, —CN, halogen, —C 1-6 -alkyl, —O—C 1-6 -alkyl, —C 1-6 -haloalkyl, three- to seven-membered cycloalkyl, Het, Hetaryl, —CO—N(CH 3 ) 2 , —CO—N HCH 3 , —CO—NH 2 , —(C 1-3 -alkylene)-O—(C 1-3 -alkyl), —O-Het,
  • each X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, oxo, —C 1-4 -alkyl, —O—C 1-4 -alkyl, —C 1-4 -haloalkyl, —O—(C 1-4 -alkylene)Het, Het, —NH 2 ,
  • substituent X is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents of a group selected from oxo, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the aforementioned compounds.
  • the instant invention relates to the above compounds of the aforementioned formula 1e or formula 1e′, wherein
  • A is CH
  • R 1 is attached to the rest of the molecule either via a C-atom or via an N-atom and is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents Z,
  • each Z is a substituent selected from the group consisting of
  • each X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, oxo, —C 1-4 -alkyl, —O—C 1-4 -alkyl, —C 1-4 -haloalkyl, —O—(C 1-4 -alkylene)-Het, Het, —NH 2 ,
  • substituent X is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents of a group selected from oxo, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl,
  • the instant invention concerns the above compounds of the aforementioned formula 1e or formula 1e′, wherein
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, indazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazo-pyridinyl and indolyl,
  • R 1 is attached to the rest of the molecule either via a C-atom or via an N-atom and is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents Z,
  • each Z is a substituent selected from the group consisting of
  • each X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, oxo, —C 1-4 -alkyl, —O—C 1-4 -alkyl, —C 1-4 -haloalkyl, —O—(C 1-4 -alkylene)-Het, Het, —NH 2 ,
  • substituent X is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents of a group selected from oxo, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl,
  • the instant invention relates to the above compound of formula 1e or of formula 1e′, which is
  • the instant invention refers to compounds of formula 1f or of 1f′
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of
  • each Z is a substituent selected from the group consisting of
  • each X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, oxo, —C 1-4 -alkyl, —O—C 1-4 -alkyl, —C 1-4 -haloalkyl, —O—(C 1-4 -alkylene)Het, Het, —NH 2 ,
  • substituent X is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents of a group selected from oxo, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl,
  • the instant invention relates to the above compounds of the aforementioned formula 1f or formula 1f′, wherein
  • R 1 is either
  • R 1 is attached to the rest of the molecule either via a C-atom or via an N-atom and is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents Z,
  • each Z is a substituent selected from the group consisting of
  • each X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, oxo, —C 1-4 -alkyl, —O—C 1-4 -alkyl, —C 1-4 -haloalkyl, —O—(C 1-4 -alkylene)-Het, Het, —NH 2 ,
  • substituent X is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents of a group selected from oxo, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl,
  • the instant invention relates to the above compounds of the aforementioned formula 1f or formula 1f′, wherein
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, indazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazo-pyridinyl and indolyl,
  • R 1 is attached to the rest of the molecule either via a C-atom or via an N-atom and is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents Z,
  • each Z is a substituent selected from the group consisting of
  • each X is selected from the group consisting of halogen, oxo, —C 1-4 -alkyl, —O—C 1-4 -alkyl, —C 1-4 -haloalkyl, —O—(C 1-4 -alkylene)-Het, Het, —NH 2 ,
  • substituent X is optionally further substituted by one, two or three substituents of a group selected from oxo, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl,
  • the instant invention relates to the above compound of formula 1f or 1f′, which is
  • the instant invention refers to one of the aforementioned compounds of formula 1 or 1′ (or of any of the sub-formulas 1d, 1d′, 1e, 1e′, 1f or 1f′) for the treatment of a disease which can be treated by inhibition of the SYK enzyme.
  • the instant invention relates to one of the aforementioned compounds of formula 1 or 1′ (or of any of the sub-formulas 1d, 1d′, 1e, 1e′, 1f or 1f′) for the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of allergic rhinitis, asthma, COPD, adult respiratory distress syndrome, bronchitis, B-cell lymphoma, dermatitis and contact dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, rheumatoid arthritis, anti-phospholipid syndrome, Berger's disease, Evans's syndrome, ulcerative colitis,allergic antibody-based glomerulonephritis, granulocytopenia, Goodpasture's syndrome, hepatitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, hypersensitivity vasculitis, immunohaemolytic anaemia, autoimmune haemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Kawasaki syndrome, allergic conjun
  • the instant invention concerns the aforementioned compounds of formula 1 or 1′ (or of any of the sub-formulas 1d, 1d′, 1e, 1e′, 1f or 1f′) for the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, bronchitis, allergic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematodes, lupus nephritis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
  • a disease selected from the group consisting of asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, bronchitis, allergic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematodes, lupus nephritis and allergic rhinoconjun
  • the instant invention concerns the aforementioned compounds of formula 1 or 1′ (or of any of the sub-formulas 1d, 1d′, 1e, 1e′, 1f or 1f′) for the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, lupus erythematodes, lupus nephritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • a disease selected from the group consisting of asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, lupus erythematodes, lupus nephritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • the instant invention concerns pharmaceutical formulations which contain one or more of the aforementioned compounds of formula 1 or 1′ (or of any of the sub-formulas 1d, 1d′, 1e, 1e′, 1f or 1f′) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • the instant invention concerns pharmaceutical formulations which contain one or more compounds of the aforementioned compounds of formula 1 or 1′ (or of any of the sub-formulas 1d, 1d′, 1e, 1e′, 1f or 1f′) in combination with an active substance selected from the group consisting of anticholinergics, betamimetics, corticosteroids, PDE4-inhibitors, EGFR-inhibitors, LTD4-antagonists, CCR3-inhibitors, iNOS-inhibitors, CRTH2-antagonists, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and NSAIDs.
  • an active substance selected from the group consisting of anticholinergics, betamimetics, corticosteroids, PDE4-inhibitors, EGFR-inhibitors, LTD4-antagonists, CCR3-inhibitors, iNOS-inhibitors, CRTH2-antagonists, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and NSAIDs.
  • C 1-6 -alkyl groups are possible substituents at a group, in the case of three substituents, for example, C 1-6 -alkyl could represent, independently of one another, a methyl, an n-propyl and a tert-butyl.
  • each hydrogen atom may be removed at the substituent and the valency thus freed may serve as a binding site to the rest of a molecule.
  • X 1 is also understood as being the linking point of the group R 1 to the structure of formula 1 and X 2 as being the linking point of the group R 2 to the structure of formula 1.
  • C 1-6 -alkyl (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkyl groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms and by the term “C 1-3 -alkyl” are meant branched and unbranched alkyl groups with 1 to 3 carbon atoms. “C 1-4 -alkyl” accordingly denotes branched and unbranched alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred.
  • Examples of these include: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl or hexyl.
  • the abbreviations Me, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, i-Bu, t-Bu, etc. may also optionally be used for the above-mentioned groups.
  • the definitions propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl include all the possible isomeric forms of the groups in question.
  • propyl includes n-propyl and iso-propyl
  • butyl includes iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl etc.
  • C 1-6 -alkylene (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkylene groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms and by the term “C 1-4 -alkylene” are meant branched and unbranched alkylene groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • Alkylene groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred. Examples of these include: methylene, ethylene, propylene, 1-methylethylene, butylene, 1-methylpropylene, 1,1-dimethylethylene, 1,2-dimethylethylene, pentylene, 1,1-dimethylpropylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, 1,2-dimethylpropylene, 1, 3-dimethylpropylene or hexylene.
  • propylene, butylene, pentylene and hexylene include all the possible isomeric forms of the groups in question with the same number of carbons.
  • propyl includes also 1-methylethylene and butylene includes 1-methylpropylene, 1,1-dimethylethylene, 1,2-dimethylethylene.
  • carbon chain is substituted by a group which together with one or two carbon atoms of the alkylene chain forms a carbocyclic ring with 3, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, this includes, inter alia, the following examples of the rings:
  • C 2-6 -alkenyl (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkenyl groups with 2 to 6 carbon atoms and by the term “C 2-4 -alkenyl” are meant branched and unbranched alkenyl groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that they have at least one double bond.
  • Alkenyl groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred. Examples include: ethenyl or vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl or hexenyl. Unless stated otherwise, the definitions propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl include all the possible isomeric forms of the groups in question. Thus, for example, propenyl includes 1-propenyl and 2-propenyl, butenyl includes 1-, 2- and 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl etc.
  • C m -alkenylene (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkenylene groups with 2 to 6 carbon atoms and by the term “C 2-4 -alkenylene” are meant branched and unbranched alkylene groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Alkenylene groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred.
  • propenylene examples include: ethenylene, propenylene, 1-methylethenylene, butenylene, 1-methylpropenylene, 1,1-dimethylethenylene, 1,2-dimethylethenylene, pentenylene, 1,1-dimethylpropenylene, 2,2-dimethylpropenylene, 1,2-dimethylpropenylene, 1,3-dimethylpropenylene or hexenylene.
  • propenylene, butenylene, pentenylene and hexenylene include all the possible isomeric forms of the groups in question with the same number of carbons.
  • propenyl also includes 1-methylethenylene and butenylene includes 1-methylpropenylene, 1,1-dimethylethenylene, 1,2-dimethylethenylene.
  • aryl aromatic ring systems with 6 or 10 carbon atoms. Examples include: phenyl or naphthyl, the preferred aryl group being phenyl. Unless otherwise stated, the aromatic groups may be substituted by one or more groups selected from among methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • aryl-C 1-6 -alkylene (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkylene groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which are substituted by an aromatic ring system with 6 or 10 carbon atoms. Examples include: benzyl, 1- or 2-phenylethyl or 1- or 2-naphthylethyl. Unless otherwise stated, the aromatic groups may be substituted by one or more groups selected from among methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • heteroaryl-C 1-6 -alkylene (including those which are part of other groups) are meant—even though they are already included under “aryl-C 1-6 -alkylene”—branched and unbranched alkylene groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which are substituted by a heteroaryl.
  • a heteroaryl of this kind includes five- or six-membered heterocyclic aromatic groups or 5-10-membered, bicyclic heteroaryl rings which may contain one, two, three or four heteroatoms selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, and contain so many conjugated double bonds that an aromatic system is formed.
  • heteroaryls may be substituted by one or more groups selected from among methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • heteroaryl-C 1-6 -alkylenes The following are examples of heteroaryl-C 1-6 -alkylenes:
  • C 1-6 -haloalkyl (including those which are part of other groups) are meant branched and unbranched alkyl groups with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which are substituted by one or more halogen atoms.
  • C 1-4 -alkyl are meant branched and unbranched alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which are substituted by one or more halogen atoms.
  • Alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred. Examples include: CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CH 2 CF 3 .
  • C 3-7 -cycloalkyl (including those which are part of other groups) are meant cyclic alkyl groups with 3 to 7 carbon atoms, if not specifically defined otherwise. Examples include: cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl. Unless otherwise stated, the cyclic alkyl groups may be substituted by one or more groups selected from among methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, tert-butyl, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • C 3-10 -cycloalkyl are also meant monocyclic alkyl groups with 3 to 7 carbon atoms and also bicyclic alkyl groups with 7 to 10 carbon atoms, or monocyclic alkyl groups which are bridged by at least one C 1-3 -carbon bridge.
  • heterocyclic rings or “heterocycle” are meant, unless stated otherwise, five-, six- or seven-membered, saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic rings which may contain one, two or three heteroatoms, selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, while the ring may be linked to the molecule through a carbon atom or through a nitrogen atom, if there is one.
  • heterocyclic rings or “heterocycles”
  • saturated heterocyclic ring refers to five-, six- or seven-membered saturated rings. Examples include:
  • heterocyclic rings or “heterocyclic group”
  • partially saturated heterocyclic group refers to five-, six- or seven-membered partially saturated rings which contain one or two double bonds, without so many double bonds being produced that an aromatic system is formed, unless specifically defined otherwise. Examples include:
  • heterocyclic aromatic rings “unsaturated heterocyclic group” or “heteroaryl” refers to five- or six-membered heterocyclic aromatic groups or 5-10-membered, bicyclic heteroaryl rings which may contain one, two, three or four heteroatoms, selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, and contain so many conjugated double bonds that an aromatic system is formed, unless not specifically defined otherwise.
  • heterocyclic aromatic groups include:
  • heterocyclic ring may be provided with a keto group.
  • keto group examples include:
  • bicyclic cycloalkyls generally denotes eight-, nine- or ten-membered bicyclic carbon rings. Examples include
  • bicyclic heterocycles generally denotes eight-, nine- or ten-membered bicyclic rings which may contain one or more heteroatoms, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, even more preferably 1-2, particularly one heteroatom, selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, unless not specifically defined otherwise.
  • the ring may be linked to the molecule through a carbon atom of the ring or through a nitrogen atom of the ring, if there is one. Examples include:
  • bicyclic aryl denotes a 5-10 membered, bicyclic aryl ring which contains sufficient conjugated double bonds to form an aromatic system.
  • aryl is a 5-10 membered, bicyclic aryl ring which contains sufficient conjugated double bonds to form an aromatic system.
  • aryl is naphthyl.
  • bicyclic heteroaryl denotes a 5-10 membered, bicyclic heteroaryl ring which may contain one, two, three or four heteroatoms, selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, and contains sufficient conjugated double bonds to form an aromatic system, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • bicyclic cycloalkyls or “bicyclic aryl”
  • fused cycloalkyl or “fused aryl” denotes bicyclic rings wherein the bridge separating the rings denotes a direct single bond.
  • fused, bicyclic cycloalkyl
  • bicyclic heterocycles or “bicyclic heteroaryls”
  • fused bicyclic heterocycles of “fused bicyclic heteroaryls” denotes bicyclic 5-10 membered heterorings which contain one, two, three or four heteroatoms, selected from among oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen and wherein the bridge separating the rings denotes a direct single bond.
  • the “fused bicyclic heteroaryls” moreover contain sufficient conjugated double bonds to form an aromatic system.
  • Examples include pyrrolizine, indole, indolizine, isoindole, indazole, purine, quinoline, isoquinoline, benzimidazole, benzofuran, benzopyran, benzothiazole, benzothiazole, benzoisothiazole, pyridopyrimidine, pteridine, pyrimidopyrimidine,
  • Halogen within the scope of the present invention denotes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Unless stated to the contrary, fluorine, chlorine and bromine are regarded as preferred halogens.
  • Compounds of general formulas 1 or 1′ may have acid groups, mainly carboxyl groups, and/or basic groups such as e.g. amino functions. Compounds of general formulas 1 or 1′ may therefore be present as internal salts, as salts with pharmaceutically usable inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulphonic acid or organic acids (such as for example maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or acetic acid) or as salts with pharmaceutically usable bases such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides or carbonates, zinc or ammonium hydroxides or organic amines such as e.g. diethylamine, triethylamine, triethanolamine, inter alia.
  • pharmaceutically usable inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulphonic acid or organic acids (such as for example maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, tarta
  • the compounds of formulas 1 or 1′ may be converted into the salts thereof, particularly for pharmaceutical use into the physiologically and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.
  • These salts may be present on the one hand as physiologically and pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds of formula 1 with inorganic or organic acids.
  • the compound of formulas 1 or 1′ when R is hydrogen may be converted by reaction with inorganic bases into physiologically and pharmacologically acceptable salts with alkali or alkaline earth metal cations as counter-ion.
  • the acid addition salts may be prepared for example using hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulphonic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or maleic acid. It is also possible to use mixtures of the above-mentioned acids.
  • R denotes hydrogen it is preferable to use the alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxides and hydrides, of which the hydroxides and hydrides of the alkali metals, particularly sodium and potassium, are preferred, while sodium and potassium hydroxide are particularly preferred.
  • the compounds of general formulas 1 or 1′ may optionally be converted into the salts thereof, particularly for pharmaceutical use into the pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts with an inorganic or organic acid.
  • suitable acids for this purpose include succinic acid, hydrobromic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, methanesulphonic acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, tartaric acid or citric acid. It is also possible to use mixtures of the above-mentioned acids.
  • the invention relates to the compounds of formula 1 in question, optionally in the form of the individual optical isomers, mixtures of the individual enantiomers or racemates, in the form of the tautomers as well as in the form of the free bases or the corresponding acid addition salts with pharmacologically acceptable acids—such as for example acid addition salts with hydrohalic acids—for example hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid—or organic acids—such as for example oxalic, fumaric, diglycolic or methanesulphonic acid.
  • pharmacologically acceptable acids such as for example acid addition salts with hydrohalic acids—for example hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid—or organic acids—such as for example oxalic, fumaric, diglycolic or methanesulphonic acid.
  • the compounds of formula 1, 1d, 1e or 1f according to the invention may optionally be present as racemates, but may also be obtained as pure enantiomers, i.e. in the (R) or (S) form.
  • the invention relates to the compounds in question, optionally in the form of the individual optical isomers, diastereomers, mixtures of diastereomers, mixtures of the individual enantiomers or racemates, in the form of the tautomers as well as in the form of the free bases or the corresponding acid addition salts with pharmacologically acceptable acids—such as for example acid addition salts with hydrohalic acids—for example hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid—or organic acids—such as for example oxalic, fumaric, diglycolic or methanesulphonic acid.
  • pharmacologically acceptable acids such as for example acid addition salts with hydrohalic acids—for example hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid—or organic acids—such as for example oxalic, fumaric, diglycolic or methanesulphonic acid.
  • the invention relates to the respective compounds of formulas 1 or 1′ in the form of the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.
  • These pharmacologically acceptable salts of the compounds of formulas 1 or 1′ may also be present in the form of their respective hydrates (e.g. Monohydrates, dihydrates, etc.) as well as in the form of their respective solvates.
  • a hydrate of the compound according to the formulas 1 or 1′ is meant, for the purposes of the invention, a crystalline salt of the compound according to formulas 1 or 1′, containing water of crystallisation.
  • a solvate of the compound according to formulas 1 or 1′ is meant, for the purposes of the invention, a crystalline salt of the compound according to formulas 1 or 1′, which contains solvent molecules (e.g. Ethanol, methanol etc) in the crystal lattice.
  • solvent molecules e.g. Ethanol, methanol etc
  • D is N, NH or CH
  • G is C or N
  • T is C or N
  • PG is protecting group (e.g. benzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)
  • R 1 is as herein before defined.
  • D is CH, N or NH
  • G is C or N
  • T is C or N
  • A is CH or N
  • PG is protecting group (e.g. benzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)
  • R 1 is as herein before defined.
  • Step 1 Synthesis of (1′R,3R/S)-1-(1′-(4-Methoxyphenylethyl)-5-oxo-3-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid (mixture of diastereoisomers)
  • Step 2 Synthesis of (R/S)—N-Methoxy-5-oxo-1-[(S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide as a mixture of diastereoisomers
  • Step 3 Synthesis of (R/S)-4-Acetyl-1-[(S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-pyrrolidine-2-one as a Mixture of Diastereoisomers
  • Step 4 Crystallization of (R)-4-Acetyl-1-[(S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-pyrrolidine-2-one Under Base Induced Epimerization Conditions
  • the crude product was dissolved in 310 mL 2-methyl-2-butanol at 40° C. (temperature ⁇ 50° C.). The solution was slowly cooled to 0° C. Precipitation started. At 0° C. 385 mL of n-heptane were added and the suspension was stirred for 1 hour. The precipitate was filtrated, washed with n-heptane and dried at 50° C.
  • Step 4 Crystallization of (R)-4-Acetyl-1-[(S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-pyrrolidine-2-one Under Base Induced Epimerization Conditions
  • Step 5 Synthesis of (R)-4-[(R)-1-Hydroxyethyl]-1-[(S)-11-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-pyrrolidin-2-one 2.1
  • the reaction was diluted at 60° C. with 500 mL of isopropyl acetate and subsequently cooled to ambient temperature. The layers were separated, and the organic portion was washed twice with 300 mL of water. The organic portion was concentrated to an oily solid. The residual material was crystallized three times from ethyl acetate and hexanes followed by drying in a vacuum oven with a nitrogen stream at 30° C.
  • Step 5 Synthesis of (R)-4-[(S)-1-Hydroxyethyl]-1-[(S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-pyrrolidin-2-one 2.2
  • the reaction was diluted at 60° C. with 50 mL of isopropyl acetate and subsequently cooled to ambient temperature. The layers were separated, and the organic portion was washed with 20 mL of water. The organic portion was concentrated to an oil. The oil was dissolved in 8 mL of isopropyl acetate at reflux. The solution was cooled to ambient temperature wherein crystallization occurred. The mixture was diluted dropwise with 10 mL of heptane at ambient temperature. The mixture was agitated for 30 minutes.
  • Step 2 Synthesis of 6-Bromo-4-methoxy-2-methyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
  • This intermediate was prepared from 6-bromo-2-methyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-4-ol 10.3 in two steps according to the preparation of (4R)-4-[(1 R)-1-(6-bromo-2-methyl-indazol-4-yl)poxyethyl]pyrrolidin-2-one 7.5.
  • Step 1 Synthesis of 1-Benzyl-4-benzyloxy-6-(1-tert-butylpyrazol-4-yl)-2-methyl-benzimidazole
  • Step 3 Synthesis of (4R)-4-[(1R)-141-Benzyl-6-(1-tert-butylpyrazol-4-yl)-2-methyl-benzimidazol-4-yl] oxyethyl]-1-[(1S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]pyrrolidin-2-one
  • Step 4 Synthesis of (4R)-4-[(1R)-1-[[6-(1-tert-Butylpyrazol-4-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-4-yl] oxy]ethyl]-1-[(1S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]pyrrolidin-2-one
  • Step 1 Synthesis of (4R)-4-[(1R)-1-[[7-(1-tert-butylpyrazol-4-yl)-2-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-yl]oxy]ethyl]-1-[(1S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]pyrrolidin-2-one
  • reaction mixture was filtered through Agilent PL-Thiol MP-SPE, washed with methanol and purified by rpHPLC (XbridgeC18, acetonitrile/water, ammonia) to yield after lyophilisation 82 mg of (4R)-4-[(1R)-1-[[7-(1-tert-butylpyrazol-4-yl)-2-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-yl]oxy]ethyl]-1-[(1S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]pyrrolidin-2-one 8.2 as oil.
  • rpHPLC XbridgeC18, acetonitrile/water, ammonia
  • Step 2 Synthesis of (4R)-4-[(1R)-1-[[7-(1-tert-Butylpyrazol-4-yl)-2-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-yl]oxy]ethyl]pyrrolidin-2-one (Example 84)
  • Example compounds prepared according to the foregoing synthesis schemes were characterised by the following chromatographic methods and/or NMR spectroscopy.
  • Eluent B Acetonitrile Time [min] % A % B Flow rate [mL/min] 0.00 80 20 1.50 5.00 20 80 1.50 8.00 20 80 1.50
  • the stationary phase used was a Inertsil C8-3 (GL Sciences), 5 ⁇ m; dimension: 100 ⁇ 4.0 mm,
  • Eluent A Hexane Eluent B: 2-Propanol Time [min] % A % B Flow rate [mL/min] 00.00 90 10 1.0 20.00 90 10 1.0
  • the stationary phase used was a Chiralpak AD-H (Daicel), 5 ⁇ m; dimension: 150 ⁇ 4.6 mm,
  • Eluent A Hexane Eluent B: 2-Propanol Time [min] % A % B Flow rate [mL/min] 00.00 90 10 1.0 25.00 90 10 1.0
  • the stationary phase used was a Chiralpak AD-H (Daicel), 5 ⁇ m; dimension: 150 ⁇ 4.6 mm,
  • UV Detection wavelength 215 nm
  • UV Detection wavelength 215 nm
  • UV Detection wavelength 215 nm
  • Solvent B 0.1% Formic acid in acetonitrile
  • UV Detection wavelength Spectra A max (with scan in the region of 200-400nm) Eluent: 0 to 3.5 minutes, constant gradient from 95% solvent A+5% solvent B to 100% solvent B; 3.5 to 3.8 minutes, 100% solvent B; 3.8 to 3.9 minutes, constant gradient from 100% solvent B to 95% solvent A+5% solvent B; 3.9 to 4.5 minutes, 95% solvent A+5% solvent B.
  • UV Detection wavelength 215 nm
  • Solvent A 2 mM Ammonium bicarbonate modified to pH 10 with Ammonium Hydroxide/water
  • UV Detection wavelength 215 nm
  • UV Detection wavelength 215 nm
  • Method Name Method Name: Column: Sunfire, 3 ⁇ 30 mm, 2.5 ⁇ m Column Supplier: Waters Gradient/Solvent % Sol % Sol Flow Temp Time [min] [H 2 O, 0.1% TFA] [Acetonitril] [ml/min] [° C.] 0.00 97 3 2.2 60 0.20 97 3 2.2 60 1.20 0 100 2.2 60 1.25 0 100 3 60 1.40 0 100 3 60
  • BBFO Multinuclear Broad Band fluorine observe
  • AURB phosphorylates Ser10 and Ser28 on histone H3, a key event in mitosis and cellular proliferation. Inhibition of AURB therefore has the potential to block cellular proliferation, and could compromise tissues that exhibit a high cellular turnover, such as the intestine or the bone marrow. It is therefore desired to avoid parallel AURB inhibition of an effective SYK inhibitor to improve the overall clinical safety profile of the compound. Consequently all example compounds show IC 50 -values with regard to Aurora B inhibition of more than 1 ⁇ M, preferably more than 6 ⁇ M, more preferably more than 10 ⁇ M, more preferably more than 30 ⁇ M, particularly preferably more than 50 ⁇ M.
  • the AURB-IC 50 /SYK-IC 50 -ratios of all example compounds are preferably more than 30, more preferably more than 100.
  • FLT-3 is a tyrosine kinase receptor.
  • an FLT-3 ligand binds to the receptor, the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor is activated, which in turn phosphorylates and activates signal transduction molecules (such as SHC) which in turn propagates the signal in the cell.
  • Signaling through FLT-3 plays a role in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation and is important for lymphocyte (B cell and T cell) development. It is therefore desired to avoid parallel FLT-3 inhibition of an effective SYK inhibitor to improve the overall clinical safety profile of the compound.
  • all example compounds of the instant invention show IC 50 -values with regard to FLT-3 inhibition of more than 0.30 ⁇ M, preferably more than 1 ⁇ M, more preferably more than 10 ⁇ M, particularly preferably more than 30 ⁇ M.
  • the FLT-3-IC 50 /SYK-IC 50 -ratios of all example compounds are preferably more than 10, more preferably more than 30.
  • Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK 3 ⁇ ) is a proline-directed serine-threonine kinase that is prominent in the TGF- ⁇ and Wnt intracellular signalling pathways. GSK 3 ⁇ facilitates a number of intracellular signalling pathways including the activation of ⁇ -catenin complex. In adults, GSK 3 ⁇ is involved in cellular proliferation and energy metabolism, whilst in neonates is involved in neuronal cell development and body pattern formation. It is therefore desired to avoid parallel GSK3 ⁇ inhibition of an effective SYK inhibitor to improve the overall clinical safety profile of the compound. Consequently all example compounds of the invention show IC 50 -values with regard to GSK 3 ⁇ inhibition of more than 1 ⁇ M, preferably of more than 10 ⁇ M.
  • Recombinant human Syk (amino acids 342-635) was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal GST tag, affinity-purified and deep-frozen at a concentration of approx. 50-100 ⁇ M in storage buffer (25 mM HEPES pH7.5; 25 mM MgCl 2 ; 5 mM MnCl 2 ; 50 mM KCl; 0.2% BSA; 0.01% CHAPS; 100 ⁇ M Na 3 VO 4 ; 0.5 mM DTT, 10% glycerol) at ⁇ 80° C. until use.
  • storage buffer 25 mM HEPES pH7.5; 25 mM MgCl 2 ; 5 mM MnCl 2 ; 50 mM KCl; 0.2% BSA; 0.01% CHAPS; 100 ⁇ M Na 3 VO 4 ; 0.5 mM DTT, 10% glycerol
  • the catalytic activity of the GST-Syk kinase fusion protein was determined using the Kinase Glo® Luminescence Kinase test (Promega; V6712). In this homogeneous test the amount of ATP remaining after the kinase reaction is quantified by a luciferin-luciferase reaction using luminescence. The luminescence signal obtained correlates with the amount of ATP still present and thus correlates inversely with the activity of the kinase.
  • test compounds were dissolved in 100% DMSO at a concentration of 10 mM and diluted in DMSO to a concentration of 1 mM. Serial Dilution is done in 100% DMSO. All further dilutions of the substances were carried out with test buffer (25 mM HEPES pH7.5; 25 mM MgCl 2 ; 5 mM MnCl 2 ; 50 mM KCl; 0.2% HSA; 0.01% CHAPS; 100 ⁇ M Na 3 VO 4 ; 0.5 mM DTT). Dilution steps and concentration range were adapted according to need. 7 pl aliquots of these dilutions were transferred into a 384-well Optiplate (Perkin Elmer, #6007290).
  • Positive controls are the reaction mixtures that contain no test substance; negative controls (blanks) are reaction mixtures that contain no kinase.
  • the output file of the reader is a csv file that contains the well number and measured relative light units (RLU).
  • RLU measured relative light units
  • the measurement of the negative control was set as 100% ctrl and the measurement of the positive control was set as 0% ctrl.
  • the % value for the measurement of each substance concentration was calculated using an Assay Explorer software (Accelrys). Normally, the % ctrl values calculated are between 0% and 100% values but may also occur outside these limits in individual cases based on variability or compound characteristics.
  • the IC 50 values were calculated from the % ctrl values using Assay Explorer software.
  • Recombinant human Aurora B (amino acids 1-344, clone number DU1773, Molecular weight 40.2 kDa, University of Dundee) was expressed as a fusion protein with an N-terminal His tag, affinity-purified and deep-frozen at a concentration of approx. 0.25-0.5 mg/ml in storage buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8; 25 mM Na- ⁇ -glycerophosphat; 0.1 mM EGTA; 150 mM NaCl; 0.03% Brij-35; 1 mM DTT and 10% glycerol) at ⁇ 80° C. until use.
  • storage buffer 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8; 25 mM Na- ⁇ -glycerophosphat; 0.1 mM EGTA; 150 mM NaCl; 0.03% Brij-35; 1 mM DTT and 10% glycerol
  • the activity of the Aurora B kinase protein was determined using the ADP Glo® Luminescence Kinase test (Promega; V9103X). In this homogeneous test the amount of ADP remaining after the kinase reaction is quantified by a luciferin-luciferase reaction using luminescence. The luminescence signal obtained correlates with the amount of ADP still present and thus correlates with the activity of the protein kinase.
  • test compounds were dissolved in 100% DMSO at a concentration of 10 mM and diluted in DMSO to a concentration of 5 mM. Serial Dilution is done in 1:10 steps in 100% DMSO. All further dilutions of the substances were carried out with test buffer (50 mM Hepes, pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, 60 ⁇ M Ultra Pure ATP, 0.01% Brij35, 0.1% BSA, 5 mM ⁇ -Glycerophosphate) until a concentration was reached which was 2.5 times above the final test concentration (final concentration of the compounds: 50 ⁇ M to 0.005 nM).
  • test buffer 50 mM Hepes, pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, 60 ⁇ M Ultra Pure ATP, 0.01% Brij35, 0.1% BSA, 5 mM ⁇ -Glycerophosphate
  • Positive controls are the reaction mixtures that contain no test substance; negative controls (blanks) are reaction mixtures that contain no kinase.
  • ADP-Glo® solution ADP-Glo Reagent #V912B Promega (heated to room temperature) were added to each well and incubation was continued for a further 40. minutes. Then 20 ⁇ l Kinase detection mix (Detection Buffer #V913B Promega; Kinase Detection Substrate #V914B Promega) were added and incubated for 40 minutes at room temperature. The plates were read in Envision Luminescence Reader (Perkin-Elmer).
  • the output file of the reader is a csv file that contains the well number and measured RLU.
  • the measurement of the negative control was set as 0% ctrl and the measurement of the positive control was set as 100% ctrl.
  • the % value for the measurement of each substance concentration was calculated using an Assay Explorer software (Accelrys). Normally, the % ctrl values calculated are between 0% and 100% values but may also occur outside these limits in individual cases based on variability or compound characteristics.
  • FLT3 is obtained from Invitrogen in 50 mM Tris (pH7.5); 100 mM NaCl; 0.05 mM EDTA, 0.05% NP-40, 2 mM DTT; 50% Glycerol #PV3182; Lot 286671; sequence see below).
  • the enzyme is diluted to 720 nM (35 ⁇ g/ml) in enzyme dilution buffer and 10 ⁇ l aliquots are stored at ⁇ 80° C.
  • the activity of FLT3 is measured using the Z′-LYTETM assay technology from Invitrogen (#PV3191)
  • the assay is performed in 384 black plates from Corning (#3676) in a final volume of 10 ⁇ l by adding 5 ⁇ l of kinase peptide mix and 2.5 ⁇ l of compound dilution. The reaction is started by addition of 2.5 ⁇ l of the 4 ⁇ ]ATP solution.
  • Positive controls are reaction mixtures containing no test compound; negative controls (blanks) are reaction mixtures containing no kinase.
  • the reaction is performed for 1 h at room temperature before 5 ⁇ l of the development solution is added. After a further incubation for 1 h at room temperature 5 ⁇ l of the stop reagent is added. The plates are read on a Flex Station II 384 (Molecular Devices).
  • the phosphopeptide is incubated with the development solution in the presence of the highest concentration of the test compound (usually 100 ⁇ M or 10 ⁇ M).
  • the output text file is evaluated in an “MS-Excel-VB-Makro” and “GraphPadPrism”(Version 5) (GraphPad Software Inc.) is used to calculate the results. Data for the inhibition of FLT3 are reported in M. data for the inhibition of the protease are reported in % CTL.
  • Human GSK3beta (expressed and purified from SF21 cells)is obtained from the University Dundee/Scotland (Dr. James Hastie—Dept. of Biochemistry) in 50 mM Tris (pH7.5); 150 mM NaCl; 0.1 mM EGTA, 270 mM Succrose, 0.1% R-mercaptoethanol, 1 mM benzamidine, 0.2 mM PMSF; sequence see below).
  • the enzyme is diluted to 3.56 ⁇ M (168 ⁇ g/ml) in enzyme dilution buffer and 6 ⁇ l aliquots are stored at ⁇ 80° C.
  • GSK3 ⁇ kinase protein The activity of GSK3 ⁇ kinase protein is measured using the Z′-LYTETM assay technology from Invitrogen (#PV3324).
  • the assay is performed in 384 black plates from Corning (#3676) in a final volume of 10 ⁇ l by adding 5 ⁇ l of kinase peptide mix and 2.5 ⁇ l of compound dilution. The reaction is started by addition of 2.5 ⁇ l of the 4 ⁇ ATP solution.
  • Positive controls are reaction mixtures containing no test compound; negative controls (blanks) are reaction mixtures containing no ATP.
  • the reaction is performed 1 h at room temperature. After 1 h 5 ⁇ l of the development solution is added. After a further incubation for 1 h at room temperature 5 ⁇ l of the stop reagent is added. Finally the plates are read on a Flex Station II 384 (Molecular Devices).
  • the phosphopeptide is incubated with the development solution in the presence of the highest concentration of the test compound (usually 100 ⁇ M).
  • the output text file is evaluated in an “MS-Excel-VB-Makro” and “Graph Pad Prism”(Version 5) (GraphPad Software Inc.) is used to calculate the results. Data for the inhibition of GSK3beta are reported in M. data for the inhibition of the protease are reported in % CTL.
  • the metabolic degradation for a specific SYK-inhibitor is performed at 37° C. with pooled human liver microsomes (human liver microsomes are commercially available as “BD UltraPoolTM” by Corning Life Sciences, Fogostraat 12, 1060 LJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
  • the final incubation volume of 100 ⁇ l per time point contains TRIS buffer pH 7.6 at RT (0.1 M), magnesium chloride (5 mM), microsomal protein (1 mg/ml) and the test compound at a final concentration of 1 ⁇ M.
  • the reaction is initiated by addition of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in its reduced form (NADPH, 1 mM) and terminated by transfering an aliquot into solvent after different time points. Additionally, the NADPH-independent degradation is monitored in incubations without NADPH, terminated at the last time point.
  • beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in its reduced form (NADPH, 1 mM) and terminated by transfering an aliquot into solvent after different time points. Additionally, the NADPH-independent degradation is monitored in incubations without NADPH, terminated at the last time point.
  • the quenched (terminated) incubations are then pelleted by centrifugation (10000 g, 5 min).
  • CL_INTRINSIC The intrinsic clearance (CL_INTRINSIC) is calculated by considering the amount of protein in the incubation:
  • the protein content [mg/ml] was determined with the “Bicinchoninic Acid Kit” of Sigma Aldrich (commercially available).
  • the upscaled intrinsic Clearance (CL_UP_INT) is calculated by considering the liver weight [g liver/kg body weight] and the microsomal recovery [mg protein/g liver]:
  • the percent hepatic blood flow (% Q h ) is finally calculated by considering the human liver blood flow Q [ml/min/kg]:
  • the IC 50 -values with respect to FLT3 are larger for the compounds of the invention (Table 2a) compared to the compounds of WO 2013/014060 (see Table 2b) and to the compounds of WO2011/092128 (see Table 2c). Consequently the compounds of the invention are not only efficient SYK-inhibitors (like the compounds of WO 2013/014060 (see Table 2b) and of WO2011/092128 (see Table 2c)), but also do not have unwanted inhibitory effects on other kinases such as AURB, FLT3 and GSK3beta (unlike the compounds of WO 2013/014060 (see Table 2b) and of WO2011/092128 (see Table 2c)). The compounds of the invention therefore show a significantly improved SYK-selectivity compared to the structurally closest compounds disclosed in WO2013/014060 and in WO2011/092128.
  • the compounds of formula 1 are characterised by their range of applications in the therapeutic field. Particular mention should be made of those applications for which the compounds of formula 1 according to the invention are preferably used on the basis of their pharmaceutical activity as Syk-inhibitors. Examples include respiratory complaints, allergic diseases, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal diseases or complaints, immune or autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, inflammatory diseases, e.g. inflammatory diseases of the joints, skin and eyes and diseases of the peripheral or central nervous system.
  • pulmonary diseases which are accompanied by increased mucus production, inflammation and/or obstructive diseases of the airways.
  • these include asthma, paediatric asthma, ARDS (Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome), acute, allergic or chronic bronchitis, autoimmune haemolytic anemia, chronic obstructive bronchitis (COPD) (including the treatment of Rhinovirus-induced exacerbations), coughs, allergic rhinitis or sinusitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, chronic rhinitis or sinusitis, alveolitis, farmers' lung, hyperreactive airways, infectious bronchitis or pneumonitis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial oedema, pulmonary oedema, pneumonia or interstitial pneumonia triggered by various causes such as aspiration, inhalation of toxic gases or bronchitis, pneumonia or
  • the compounds according to the invention are preferably also suitable for the treatment of allergic diseases such as for example allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and contact dermatitis, urticaria/angiooedema and allergic dermatitis.
  • allergic diseases such as for example allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and contact dermatitis, urticaria/angiooedema and allergic dermatitis.
  • the compounds according to the invention are preferably also suitable for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the joints, of the blood vessels and of the kidney or inflammatory diseases of the skin and eyes.
  • inflammatory diseases of the joints of the blood vessels and of the kidney or inflammatory diseases of the skin and eyes.
  • examples of these are rheumatoid arthritis, antibody-based glomerulonephritis, psoriasis, Kawasaki syndrome, coeliac disease (sprue), arteriosclerosis and Wegener's granulomatosis, osteoarthritis, systemic scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis.
  • the compounds according to the invention are preferably also suitable for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
  • autoimmune diseases examples include hepatitis (autoimmune-based), lupus erythematodes, lupus nephritis, systemic lupus, Systemic lupus erythematosus,discoid lupus, cutaneous lupus erythematosus (acute, subacute, chronic), anti-phospholipid syndrome, Berger's disease, Evans's syndrome, immunohaemolytic anaemia, ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; adult, neonatal and paediatric), myasthenia gravis, Sjögren's syndrome, sclerodermy, Bullous pemphigoid and Pemphigus vulgaris.
  • ITP idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
  • sclerodermy Bullous pemphigoid and Pemphigus vulgaris.
  • the compounds according to the invention are preferably also suitable for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas, like chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas or T cell lymphomas.
  • the compounds according to the invention are preferably also suitable for the treatment of Graft-versus-host disease.
  • Mention may preferably also be made of the prevention and treatment of diseases of the peripheral or central nervous system. Examples of these are acute and chronic multiple sclerosis or non-familial lateral sclerosis.
  • Mention may preferably also be made of the prevention and treatment of osteoporotic diseases such as for example disease-associated osteopenia, osteoporosis and osteolytic diseases.
  • osteoporotic diseases such as for example disease-associated osteopenia, osteoporosis and osteolytic diseases.
  • the present invention relates particularly preferably to the use of compounds of formula 1 for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of diseases selected from among asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, bronchitis, allergic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, ITP, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
  • diseases selected from among asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, bronchitis, allergic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, ITP, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
  • the compounds of formula 1 may be used for the treatment of a disease selected from among asthma, allergic rhinitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, allergic dermatitis and COPD.
  • a disease selected from among asthma, allergic rhinitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, allergic dermatitis and COPD.
  • the compounds of formula 1 may be used on their own or in conjunction with other active substances of formula 1 according to the invention.
  • the compounds of formula 1 may optionally also be used in conjunction with other pharmacologically active substances.
  • the active substances used here may be selected for example from among the betamimetics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, PDE4-inhibitors, LTD4-antagonists, EGFR-inhibitors, MRP4-inhibitors, dopamine agonists, H1-antihistamines, PAF-antagonists, iNos-inhibitos, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), PI3-kinase-inhibitors, CCR3-antagonists, CCR2-antagonists, CCR1-antagonists, IKK2-inhibitors, A2a agonists, alpha-4-integrin-inhibitors, CRTH2-antagonists, histamine 1, combined H1/H3-antagonists, p38 kinas
  • LTB4-antagonists cromoglycine, dissociated glucocorticoid mimetics, immunesuppressive agents, cytostatica, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, anti-TNF-antibodies, anti-GM-CSF antibodies, anti-CD46-antibodies, anti-IL-1-antibodies, anti-IL-2-antibodies, anti-IL-4-antibodies, anti-IL-5-antibodies, anti-IL6 antibodies, anti-IL6 receptor antibodies, anti-IL-13-antibodies, anti-IL_18 antibodies, anti-CD30 L antibodies, anti-Ox40L-antibodies, anti-IL-4/IL-13-antibodies, anti-IL-23 (p19) antibodies, anti-IL-12/IL-23 (p40) antibodies, anti-CD3 antibodies, anti-CD4 antibodies, anti-CD154 antibodies, CD89 antibodies, anti-IL-2 receptor/CD25 antibodies, anti-CD22 antibodies, anti-interferon
  • Suitable betamimetics used are preferably compounds selected from among arformoterol, carmoterol, formoterol, indacaterol, sal meterol, albuterole, bambuterol, bitolterol, broxaterol, carbuterol, clenbuterol, fenoterol, hexoprenalin, ibuterol, isoetharin, isoprenalin, levosalbutamol, mabuterol, meluadrin, metaproterenol, milveterol, orciprenalin, pirbuterol, procaterol, reproterol, rimiterol, ritodrin, salmefamol, soterenol, sulphonterol, terbutalin, tiaramide, tolubuterol, zinterol, 6-Hydroxy-8- ⁇ 1-hydroxy-2-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-e
  • the acid addition salts of the betamimetics are preferably selected from among the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydrosulphate, hydrophosphate, hydromethanesulphonate, hydronitrate, hydromaleate, hydroacetate, hydrocitrate, hydrofumarate, hydrotartrate, hydrooxalate, hydrosuccinate, hydrobenzoate and hydro-p-toluenesulphonate, preferably the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydrosulphate, hydrophosphate, hydrofumarate and hydromethanesulphonate.
  • the salts of hydrochloric acid, methanesulphonic acid, benzoic acid and acetic acid are particularly preferred according to the invention.
  • the anticholinergics used are preferably compounds selected from among tiotropium salts, particularly the bromide salt, oxitropium salts, particularly the bromide salt, flutropium salts, particularly the bromide salt, ipratropium salts, particularly the bromide salt, Aclidinium salts, particularly the bromide salt, glycopyrronium salts, particularly the bromide salt, trospium salts, particularly the chloride salt, tolterodin, (3R)-1-Phenethyl-3-(9H-xanthene-9-carbonyloxy)-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-salts; 2,2-Diphenyl propionic acid tropenole ester-methobromide; 2,2-Diphenyl propionic acid scopine ester-methobromide; 2-Fluor-2,2-Diphenyl acetic acid scopine ester-methobromide; 2-Fluor-2,2-Di
  • the cations tiotropium, oxitropium, flutropium, ipratropium, glycopyrronium, aclidinium and trospium are the pharmacologically active ingredients.
  • the above-mentioned salts may preferably contain chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, phosphate, methanesulphonate, nitrate, maleate, acetate, citrate, fumarate, tartrate, oxalate, succinate, benzoate or p-toluenesulphonate, while chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, methanesulphonate or p-toluenesulphonate are preferred as counter-ions.
  • the chlorides, bromides, iodides and methanesulphonate are particularly preferred.
  • tiotropium bromide Of particular importance is tiotropium bromide.
  • the pharmaceutical combinations according to the invention preferably contain it in the form of the crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate, which is known from WO 02/30928. If the tiotropium bromide is used in anhydrous form in the pharmaceutical combinations according to the invention, it is preferable to use anhydrous crystalline tiotropium bromide, which is known from WO 03/000265.
  • Corticosteroids used here are preferably compounds selected from among beclomethasone, betamethasone, budesonide, butixocort, ciclesonide, deflazacort, dexamethasone, etiprednole, flunisolide, fluticasone, loteprednole, mometasone, prednisolone, prednisone, rofleponide, triamcinolone, tipredane; Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 6-fluoro-11-hydroxy-16,17-[(1-methylethylidene) bis(oxy)]-21-[[4-[(nitrooxy)methyl]benzoyl]oxy]-, (6-alpha,11-beta,16-alpha)-(9Cl); 16,17-butylidenedioxy-6,9-difluoro-11-hydroxy-17-(methylthio)androst-4-en-3-one; 6,9-Difluor
  • the steroid is selected from among budesonide, fluticasone, mometasone, ciclesonide and (S)-fluoromethyl 6,9-difluoro-17-[(2-furanylcarbonyl)oxy]-11-hydroxy-16-methyl-3-oxo-androsta-1,4-diene-17-carbothionate, optionally in the form of the racemates, enantiomers or diastereomers thereof and optionally in the form of the salts and derivatives, solvates and/or hydrates thereof.
  • any reference to steroids includes a reference to any salts or derivatives, hydrates or solvates thereof which may exist.
  • Examples of possible salts and derivatives of the steroids may be: alkali metal salts, such as for example sodium or potassium salts, sulfobenzoates, phosphates, isonicotinates, acetates, propionates, dihydrogen phosphates, palmitates, pivalates or furoates thereof.
  • PDE4 inhibitors which may be used are preferably compounds selected from among enprofyllin, theophyllin, roflumilast, ariflo (cilomilast), tofimilast, pumafentrin, lirimilast, apremilast, arofyllin, atizoram, oglemilast, tetomilast; 5-[(N-(2,5-dichloro-3-pyridinyl)-carboxamide]-8-methoxy-Quinoline (D-4418); 5-[N-(3,5-dichloro-1-oxido-4-pyridinyl)-carboxamide]-8-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-Quinoline (D-4396 (Sch-351591)); N-(3,5-dichloropyrid-4-yl)-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-hydroxy-indol-3-yl]glyoxylic acid amide (
  • acid addition salts with pharmacologically acceptable acids which the above-mentioned PDE4-inhibitors might be in a position to form are meant, for example, salts selected from among the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydrosulphate, hydrophosphate, hydromethanesulphonate, hydronitrate, hydromaleate, hydroacetate, hydrobenzoate, hydrocitrate, hydrofumarate, hydrotartrate, hydrooxalate, hydrosuccinate, hydrobenzoate and hydro-p-toluenesulphonate, preferably hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydrosulphate, hydrophosphate, hydrofumarate and hydromethanesulphonate.
  • LTD4-antagonists which may be used are preferably compounds selected from among montelukast, pranlukast, zafirlukast; (E)-8-[2-[4-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)butoxy]phenyl]ethenyl]-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (MEN-91507); 4-[6-Acetyl-3-[3-(4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-propylphenylthio)propoxy]-2-propylphenoxy]-butyric acid (MN-001); 1-(((R)-(3-(2-(6,7-Difluor-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)phenyl)thio)methylcyclopropane-acetic acid; 1-(((1(R)-3(3-(2-(2,3-
  • acid addition salts with pharmacologically acceptable acids which the LTD4-antagonists may be capable of forming are meant, for example, salts selected from among the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydrosulphate, hydrophosphate, hydromethanesulphonate, hydronitrate, hydromaleate, hydroacetate, hydrobenzoate, hydrocitrate, hydrofumarate, hydrotartrate, hydrooxalate, hydrosuccinate, hydrobenzoate and hydro-p-toluenesulphonate, preferably hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydrosulphate, hydrophosphate, hydrofumarate and hydromethanesulphonate.
  • salts or derivatives which the LTD4-antagonists may be capable of forming are meant, for example: alkali metal salts, such as, for example, sodium or potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts, sulphobenzoates, phosphates, isonicotinates, acetates, propionates, dihydrogen phosphates, palmitates, pivalates or furoates.
  • alkali metal salts such as, for example, sodium or potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts, sulphobenzoates, phosphates, isonicotinates, acetates, propionates, dihydrogen phosphates, palmitates, pivalates or furoates.
  • the EGFR-inhibitors used are preferably compounds selected from among 4-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]-6- ⁇ [4-(morpholine-4-yl)-1-oxo-2-butene-1-yl]amino ⁇ -7-cyclopropylmethoxy-quinazoline, 4-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]-6- ⁇ [4-(N,N-diethylamino)-1-oxo-2-butene-1-yl]amino ⁇ -7-cyclopropylmethoxy-quinazoline, 4-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]-6- ⁇ [4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1-oxo-2-butene-1-yl]amino ⁇ -7-cyclopropylmethoxy-quinazoline, 4-[(R)-(1-phenyl-ethyl)a
  • acid addition salts with pharmacologically acceptable acids which the EGFR-inhibitors may be capable of forming are meant, for example, salts selected from among the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydrosulphate, hydrophosphate, hydromethanesulphonate, hydronitrate, hydromaleate, hydroacetate, hydrobenzoate, hydrocitrate, hydrofumarate, hydrotartrate, hydrooxalate, hydrosuccinate, hydrobenzoate and hydro-p-toluenesulphonate, preferably hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydrosulphate, hydrophosphate, hydrofumarate and hydromethanesulphonate.
  • dopamine agonists which may be used preferably include compounds selected from among bromocriptine, cabergoline, alpha-dihydroergocryptine, lisuride, pergolide, pramipexol, roxindol, ropinirol, talipexol, terguride and viozan.
  • Any reference to the above-mentioned dopamine agonists within the scope of the present invention includes a reference to any pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts and optionally hydrates thereof which may exist.
  • physiologically acceptable acid addition salts which may be formed by the above-mentioned dopamine agonists are meant, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable salts which are selected from the salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulphonic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and maleic acid.
  • H1-antihistamines preferably include compounds selected from among epinastine, cetirizine, azelastine, fexofenadine, levocabastine, loratadine, mizolastine, ketotifen, emedastine, dimetinden, clemastine, bamipin, cexchlorpheniramine, pheniramine, doxylamine, chlorophenoxamine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, promethazine, ebastine, olopatadine, desloratidine and meclozine.
  • Any reference to the above-mentioned H1-antihistamines within the scope of the present invention includes a reference to any pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts which may exist.
  • PAF-antagonists preferably include compounds selected from among lexipafant, 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-2-[3(4-morpholinyl)-3-propanon-1-yl]-6H-thieno-[3,2-f]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepines, 6-(2-chlorophenyl)-8,9-dihydro-1-methyl-8-[(4-morpho-linyl)carbonyl]-4H,7H-cyclo-penta-[4,5]thieno-[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepines.
  • Any reference to the above-mentioned above-mentioned PAF-antagonists includes within the scope of the present invention a reference to any pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof which may exist.
  • non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs preferably include compounds selected from among Aceclofenac, Acemetacin, Acetylsalicylklare, Alclofenac, Alminoprofen, Amfenac, Ampiroxicam, Antolmetinguacil, Anirolac, Antrafenin, Azapropazon, Benorilat, Bermoprofen, Bindarit, Bromfenac, Bucloxin Textre, Bucolom, Bufexamac, Bumadizon, Butibufen, Butixirat, Carbasalatcalcium, Carprofen, Cholin Magnesium Trisalicylat, Celecoxib, Cinmetacin, Cinnoxicam, Clidanac, Clobuzarit, Deboxamet, Dexibuprofen, Dexketoprofen, Diclofenac, Diflunisal, Droxicam, Eltenac, Enfenaminklare, Etersalat, Etod
  • MRP4-inhibitors used are preferably compounds selected from among N-acetyl-dinitrophenyl-cysteine, cGMP, cholate, diclofenac, dehydroepiandrosterone 3-glucuronide, dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulphate, dilazep, dinitrophenyl-s-glutathione, estradiol 17-beta-glucuronide, estradiol 3,17-disulphate, estradiol 3-glucuronide, estradiol 3-sulphate, estrone 3-sulphate, flurbiprofen, folate, N5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate, glycocholate, glycolithocholic acid sulphate, ibuprofen, indomethacin, indoprofen, ketoprofen, lithocholic acid sulphate, methotrexate,((E)-3-[[[3-[2-(7-chloro-2-q
  • JAK inhibitors preferably include compounds selected from among Tofacitinib and Ruxolitinib.
  • immunesuppressive agents preferably include compounds selected from among mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolic acid, azathioprine, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, abetimus, gusperimus and leflunomide.
  • cytostaticum is cyclophosphamide.
  • the invention relates more preferably to the use of MRP4-inhibitors for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating respiratory complaints, containing the Syk-inhibitors of formula 1 and MRP4-inhibitors according to the invention, the MRP4-inhibitors preferably being selected from among dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulphate, estradiol 3,17-disulphate, flurbiprofen, indomethacin, indoprofen, taurocholate, optionally in the form of the racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers and the pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts and hydrates thereof.
  • the separation of enantiomers from the racemates can be carried out using methods known from the art (e.g. chromatography on chiral phases, etc.).
  • acid addition salts with pharmacologically acceptable acids are meant, for example, salts selected from among the hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, hydrosulphates, hydrophosphates, hydromethanesulphonates, hydronitrates, hydromaleates, hydroacetates, hydrobenzoates, hydronitrates, hydrofumarates, hydrotartrates, hydrooxalates, hydrosuccinates, hydrobenzoates and hydro-p-toluenesulphonates, preferably the hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydrosulphates, hydrophosphates, hydrofumarates and hydromethanesulphonates.
  • the invention further relates to pharmaceutical preparations which contain a triple combination of the Syk-inhibitors of formula 1, MRP4-inhibitors and another active substance according to the invention, such as, for example, an anticholinergic, a PDE4 inhibitor, a steroid, an LTD4-antagonist or a betamimetic, and the preparation thereof and the use thereof for treating respiratory complaints.
  • a triple combination of the Syk-inhibitors of formula 1, MRP4-inhibitors and another active substance according to the invention such as, for example, an anticholinergic, a PDE4 inhibitor, a steroid, an LTD4-antagonist or a betamimetic, and the preparation thereof and the use thereof for treating respiratory complaints.
  • Examples of iNOS-inhibitors within the scope of the present invention may also include antisense oligonucleotides, particularly those antisense oligonucleotides which bind iNOS-coding nucleic acids.
  • antisense oligonucleotides particularly antisense oligonucleotides, which bind iNOS coding nucleic acids, for modulating the expression of iNOS.
  • iNOS-antisense oligonucleotides as described particularly in WO 01/52902 may therefore also be combined with the PDE4-inhibitors of the present invention on account of their similar effect to the iNOS-inhibitors.
  • Suitable HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors which may be preferably used in double or triple combinations with the compounds of formula 1 are selected from among Atorvastatin, Cerivastatin, Flurvastatin, Lovastatin, Pitavastatin, Pravastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin, optionally in form of their pharmaceutically available acid addition salts, prodrugs, solvates or hydrates thereof.
  • Suitable forms for administration are for example tablets, capsules, solutions, syrups, emulsions or inhalable powders or aerosols.
  • the content of the pharmaceutically effective compound(s) in each case should be in the range from 0.1 to 90 wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 50 wt. % of the total composition, i.e. in amounts which are sufficient to achieve the dosage range specified hereinafter.
  • the preparations may be administered orally in the form of a tablet, as a powder, as a powder in a capsule (e.g. a hard gelatine capsule), as a solution or suspension.
  • a tablet e.g. a powder
  • a capsule e.g. a hard gelatine capsule
  • the active substance combination may be given as a powder, as an aqueous or aqueous-ethanolic solution or using a propellant gas formulation.
  • pharmaceutical formulations are characterised by the content of one or more compounds of formula 1 according to the preferred embodiments above.
  • Suitable tablets may be obtained, for example, by mixing the active substance(s) with known excipients, for example inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or lactose, disintegrants such as corn starch or alginic acid, binders such as starch or gelatine, lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc and/or agents for delaying release, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, or polyvinyl acetate.
  • excipients for example inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or lactose, disintegrants such as corn starch or alginic acid, binders such as starch or gelatine, lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc and/or agents for delaying release, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, or polyvinyl acetate.
  • the tablets may also comprise several layers.
  • Coated tablets may be prepared accordingly by coating cores produced analogously to the tablets with substances normally used for tablet coatings, for example collidone or shellac, gum arabic, talc, titanium dioxide or sugar.
  • the core may also consist of a number of layers.
  • the tablet coating may consist of a number of layers to achieve delayed release, possibly using the excipients mentioned above for the tablets.
  • Syrups containing the active substances or combinations thereof according to the invention may additionally contain a sweetener such as saccharine, cyclamate, glycerol or sugar and a flavour enhancer, e.g. a flavouring such as vanillin or orange extract. They may also contain suspension adjuvants or thickeners such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wetting agents such as, for example, condensation products of fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, or preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates.
  • a sweetener such as saccharine, cyclamate, glycerol or sugar
  • a flavour enhancer e.g. a flavouring such as vanillin or orange extract.
  • suspension adjuvants or thickeners such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wetting agents such as, for example, condensation products of fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, or preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates.
  • Capsules containing one or more active substances or combinations of active substances may for example be prepared by mixing the active substances with inert carriers such as lactose or sorbitol and packing them into gelatine capsules.
  • Suitable suppositories may be made for example by mixing with carriers provided for this purpose, such as neutral fats or polyethyleneglycol or the derivatives thereof.
  • Excipients which may be used include, for example, water, pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), vegetable oils (e.g. groundnut or sesame oil), mono- or polyfunctional alcohols (e.g. ethanol or glycerol), carriers such as e.g. natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, clays, talc, chalk), synthetic mineral powders (e.g. highly dispersed silicic acid and silicates), sugars (e.g. cane sugar, lactose and glucose), emulsifiers (e.g.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), vegetable oils (e.g. groundnut or sesame oil), mono- or polyfunctional alcohols (e.g. ethanol or glycerol), carriers such as e.g. natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, clays, talc, chalk), synthetic mineral powders (e.g. highly disper
  • lignin e.g. lignin, spent sulphite liquors, methylcellulose, starch and polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • lubricants e.g. magnesium stearate, talc, stearic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate.
  • the tablets may, of course, contain, apart from the abovementioned carriers, additives such as sodium citrate, calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate together with various additives such as starch, preferably potato starch, gelatine and the like.
  • additives such as sodium citrate, calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate together with various additives such as starch, preferably potato starch, gelatine and the like.
  • lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulphate and talc may be used at the same time for the tabletting process.
  • the active substances may be combined with various flavour enhancers or colourings in addition to the excipients mentioned above.
  • the compounds of formula 1 are administered by inhalation, particularly preferably if they are administered once or twice a day.
  • the compounds of formula 1 have to be made available in forms suitable for inhalation.
  • Inhalable preparations include inhalable powders, propellant-containing metered-dose aerosols or propellant-free inhalable solutions, which are optionally present in admixture with conventional physiologically acceptable excipients.
  • propellant-free inhalable solutions also includes concentrates or sterile ready-to-use inhalable solutions.
  • the preparations which may be used according to the invention are described in more detail in the next part of the specification.
  • physiologically acceptable excipients may be used to prepare the inhalable powders according to the invention: monosaccharides (e.g. glucose or arabinose), disaccharides (e.g. lactose, saccharose, maltose), oligo- and polysaccharides (e.g. dextran), polyalcohols (e.g. sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol), salts (e.g. sodium chloride, calcium carbonate) or mixtures of these excipients with one another.
  • monosaccharides e.g. glucose or arabinose
  • disaccharides e.g. lactose, saccharose, maltose
  • oligo- and polysaccharides e.g. dextran
  • polyalcohols e.g. sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol
  • salts e.g. sodium chloride, calcium carbonate
  • lactose is the particularly preferred excipient, while lactose monohydrate is most particularly preferred.
  • the propellant-containing inhalable aerosols which may be used according to the invention may contain the compounds of formula 1 dissolved in the propellant gas or in dispersed form.
  • the propellant gases which may be used to prepare the inhalation aerosols according to the invention are known from the prior art. Suitable propellant gases are selected from among hydrocarbons such as n-propane, n-butane or isobutane and halohydrocarbons such as preferably fluorinated derivatives of methane, ethane, propane, butane, cyclopropane or cyclobutane.
  • the propellant gases mentioned above may be used on their own or in mixtures thereof.
  • propellant gases are fluorinated alkane derivatives selected from TG134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), TG227 (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane) and mixtures thereof.
  • the propellant-driven inhalation aerosols used within the scope of the use according to the invention may also contain other ingredients such as co-solvents, stabilisers, surfactants, antioxidants, lubricants and pH adjusters. All these ingredients are known in the art.
  • the compounds of formula 1 according to the invention are preferably used to prepare propellant-free inhalable solutions and inhalable suspensions.
  • Solvents used for this purpose include aqueous or alcoholic, preferably ethanolic solutions.
  • the solvent may be water on its own or a mixture of water and ethanol.
  • the solutions or suspensions are adjusted to a pH of 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 5, using suitable acids.
  • the pH may be adjusted using acids selected from inorganic or organic acids. Examples of particularly suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid and/or phosphoric acid.
  • organic acids examples include ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, formic acid and/or propionic acid etc.
  • Preferred inorganic acids are hydrochloric and sulphuric acids. It is also possible to use the acids which have already formed an acid addition salt with one of the active substances.
  • ascorbic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid are preferred.
  • mixtures of the above acids may also be used, particularly in the case of acids which have other properties in addition to their acidifying qualities, e.g. as flavourings, antioxidants or complexing agents, such as citric acid or ascorbic acid, for example.
  • hydrochloric acid it is particularly preferred to use hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH.
  • Co-solvents and/or other excipients may be added to the propellant-free inhalable solutions used for the purpose according to the invention.
  • Preferred co-solvents are those which contain hydroxyl groups or other polar groups, e.g. alcohols—particularly isopropyl alcohol, glycols—particularly propyleneglycol, polyethyleneglycol, polypropyleneglycol, glycolether, glycerol, polyoxyethylene alcohols and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters.
  • excipients and additives in this context denote any pharmacologically acceptable substance which is not an active substance but which can be formulated with the active substance or substances in the pharmacologically suitable solvent in order to improve the qualitative properties of the active substance formulation.
  • these substances have no pharmacological effect or, in connection with the desired therapy, no appreciable or at least no undesirable pharmacological effect.
  • the excipients and additives include, for example, surfactants such as soya lecithin, oleic acid, sorbitan esters, such as polysorbates, polyvinylpyrrolidone, other stabilisers, complexing agents, antioxidants and/or preservatives which guarantee or prolong the shelf life of the finished pharmaceutical formulation, flavourings, vitamins and/or other additives known in the art.
  • the additives also include pharmacologically acceptable salts such as sodium chloride as isotonic agents.
  • the preferred excipients include antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, for example, provided that it has not already been used to adjust the pH, vitamin A, vitamin E, tocopherols and similar vitamins or provitamins occurring in the human body.
  • Preservatives may be used to protect the formulation from contamination with pathogens. Suitable preservatives are those which are known in the art, particularly cetyl pyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride or benzoic acid or benzoates such as sodium benzoate in the concentration known from the prior art.
  • ready-to-use packs of a medicament for the treatment of respiratory complaints are provided, containing an enclosed description including for example the words respiratory disease, COPD or asthma, together with a imidazolyl-pyrimidine according to formula 1 and one or more combination partners selected from those described above.

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