US20160156498A1 - Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation - Google Patents

Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20160156498A1
US20160156498A1 US14/901,894 US201414901894A US2016156498A1 US 20160156498 A1 US20160156498 A1 US 20160156498A1 US 201414901894 A US201414901894 A US 201414901894A US 2016156498 A1 US2016156498 A1 US 2016156498A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
constellation
constellations
code rate
nuc
qam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/901,894
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nabil Loghin
Lothar Stadelmeier
Jan Zoellner
Yuji Shinohara
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saturn Licensing LLC
Original Assignee
Sony Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sony Corp filed Critical Sony Corp
Assigned to SONY CORPORATION reassignment SONY CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STADELMEIER, LOTHAR, SHINOHARA, YUJI, LOGHIN, NABIL, ZOELLNER, JAN
Publication of US20160156498A1 publication Critical patent/US20160156498A1/en
Priority to US15/340,672 priority Critical patent/US9813279B2/en
Priority to US15/699,635 priority patent/US10091045B2/en
Assigned to SATURN LICENSING LLC reassignment SATURN LICENSING LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SONY CORPORATION
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/3405—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • H04L1/0042—Encoding specially adapted to other signal generation operation, e.g. in order to reduce transmit distortions, jitter, or to improve signal shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0057—Block codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/0008—Modulated-carrier systems arrangements for allowing a transmitter or receiver to use more than one type of modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/36—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/36—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • H04L27/362—Modulation using more than one carrier, e.g. with quadrature carriers, separately amplitude modulated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/38—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a coding and modulation apparatus and method. Further, the present disclosure relates to a transmission apparatus and method. Still further, the present disclosure relates to a computer program and a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
  • Modern communications systems typically employ, among other elements, a coding and modulation apparatus (as part of a transmission apparatus) and a decoding and demodulation apparatus (as part of a receiving apparatus).
  • the coding and modulation apparatus is often part of a so called BICM (Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation) apparatus, which generally comprises (at the transmitter side) a serial concatenation of a FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoder, a bit interleaver, and a modulator, which uses spectral efficient modulation such as multilevel PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation), PSK (Phase Shift Keying), or QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation).
  • BICM Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation
  • FEC Forward Error Correction
  • PSK Phase Shift Keying
  • QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
  • BICM allows for good performance over both non-fading and fading channels due to the use of the interleaver and/or the FEC encoder. It has a reasonable decoding complexity as opposed to multilevel coding (MLC) coding schemes and is thus used frequently in communications systems, such as in all DVB systems, powerline communications (e.g., Homeplug AV, DAB, LTE, WiFi, etc.).
  • MLC multilevel coding
  • the coding and modulation capacity such as the BICM capacity in systems using a BICM apparatus
  • the coding and modulation capacity is considered as a target function, and it is desired to find optimum constellation points such that this capacity is maximized, often subject to a power normalization, i.e., the average power of the constellation points should be normalized to e.g. 1.
  • a coding and modulation apparatus comprising
  • said modulator is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation and the code rate,
  • a transmission apparatus comprising
  • a transmitter that transmits said one or more transmission streams.
  • a computer program comprising program means for causing a computer to carry out the steps of the coding and modulation method disclosed herein, when said computer program is carried out on a computer, as well as a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium that stores therein a computer program product, which, when executed by a processor, causes the coding and modulation method disclosed herein to be performed are provided.
  • the constellation points of the used non-uniform constellations are not located on a regular grid with equidistant symbols, but rather on optimized locations, dependent on the code rate of forward error correction encoder, like an LDPC or a turbo code or any other known code encoder (generally another forward error correction code encoder, e.g. a BCH encoder, may be provided in addition).
  • the used constellation may be selected (preferably in advance, but generally on the fly in other embodiments) dependent on the desired total number of constellation points of the used constellation (and, in some embodiments, on the channel characteristics).
  • the code rate R indicated in the tables are not to be understood such that a particular constellation is only valid for exactly this code rate, but also for slightly different code rates, i.e. a range of code rates R ⁇ 1/30.
  • the modulator may also use a non-uniform constellation obtained from a constellation from anyone of groups A, B, C, D or E through rotation by an angle around the origin, an inversion of bit labels for all constellation points, an interchanging of bit positions for all constellation points and/or a reflection on the real part and/or imaginary part axis.
  • the modulator might as well transmit different constellation points, obtained by predistortion of proposed constellation points.
  • This predistortion should can act as a countermeasure to the non-linearities of other blocks in the transmission system, in particular the power amplifier.
  • the output of the transmission system should correspond to the transmission of the proposed constellations, such that the receiver might assume that these constellations have been transmitted.
  • the group of constellations defined in the claims comprises less constellations, e.g. only constellations for non-fading channels, only constellations for fading channels, only constellations for selected values of M, only constellation for M-QAM or sqrt(M)-PAM and/or constellations for less SNR values.
  • less constellations may be contained in the group of constellations available for selection and subsequent use by the modulator, i.e. the group of constellations available for use by the modulator may comprise one or more of the constellations defined in the claims.
  • the present disclosure is also directed to a coding and modulation apparatus and method that have a smaller group of constellations available for use (as explained above) and/or where less constellations are available for a particular value of M.
  • a QAM mapping consisting of M constellation points is denoted as M-QAM.
  • M-QAM QAM mapping consisting of M constellation points.
  • N 2 -QAM N 2 -QAM.
  • the constellation can be designed by two N-PAM constellations, one for each dimension.
  • QAM constellations that are completely defined by a quarter of constellation values of the constellation will be called QQAM, with the other three quarters of constellation values being derived from the first quarter.
  • QQAM constellations E.g. normal uniform square QAM constellations (UC) are also QQAM constellations, due to their symmetry.
  • the constellation points of the QAM constellations according to embodiments considered in this disclosure are not located on a regular grid with equidistant symbols, but rather on optimized locations, dependent on the code rate.
  • an N 2 -NUC optimization based on N-PAM optimization is considered, combined with a dynamic reduction of the number of constellation points guaranteeing a well defined performance with respect to the performance of the N 2 -NUC without reduction of the number of constellation points.
  • Constellation sizes up to 1024-QAM will be considered, where large shaping gains are possible, especially in the high SNR region.
  • a dynamic reduction also called condensation in the following
  • the number of constellations points and, thus, the required storage and decoding capacity can be significantly reduced.
  • These constellations are summarized in groups B and D.
  • the 1024-Q-QAM constellation optimized for code rate 6/15 can be reduced from 1024 to 268 constellation points without significant impact on the performance.
  • the constellation position vector w as defined in the claims directed to a preferred embodiment needs not necessarily contain the constellation points of the first quarter of constellation points of the constellation, but could also contain the constellation points of any of the four quarters (expressed by the definition “of a first quarter” in the claims). Due to the symmetry (which is somewhat provided, but may not be readily visible by the bit labels; the constellation points are generally symmetric with respect to the quadrants) this leads to constellations with a different hit mapping but with identical performance.
  • the constellation position vector w in the tables defined herein should therefore be considered as an example for all four symmetric constellations with different bit mapping but identical performance.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a coding and modulation apparatus according to the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a transmission apparatus according to the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a communications system according to the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 shows a regular 4-QAM constellation as a simple example for a constellation
  • FIG. 5 shows a 8-PAM non-uniform constellation and a 64-QAM non-uniform constellation
  • FIG. 6 shows a constellation for a 64-QAM non-uniform constellation generally defining the constellation points
  • FIG. 7 shows a non uniform 16-QQAM constellation
  • FIG. 8 shows a diagram illustrating the performance of non-uniform N 2 -QAM constellations
  • FIG. 9 shows an example for 1D condensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 10 shows an example for 2D condensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 shows diagrams illustrating non-uniform 1024-QAM constellations
  • FIG. 12 shows diagrams illustrating non-uniform 64-QQAM constellations
  • FIG. 13 shows a diagram for a constellation from group E
  • FIG. 14 shows a diagram illustrating the shaping gain for the above explained non-uniform 8-ary QAM constellations
  • FIG. 15 shows examples of LDPC codes for which the disclosed constellations have been optimized.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a coding and modulation apparatus 10 according to the present disclosure. It comprises an encoder 11 that encodes input data into cell words, and a modulator 12 that modulates said cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation. Said modulator 12 is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation and the code rate, a non-uniform constellation from one of several groups of constellations. Details of those different groups of constellations will be explained in more detail below
  • additional elements may be provided, such as a BCH encoder, an LDPC encoder (whose code rate is of interest for selecting and using an optimized constellation by the modulation disclosed herein), a bit interleaver and/or a demultiplexer (for demultiplexing hits of encoded data into the cell words).
  • Some or all of these elements may separate elements or may be part of the encoder 11 .
  • a BICM device as conventionally used in the transmission apparatus of a DVB system may be used as coding and modulation apparatus 10 .
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a transmission apparatus 20 according to the present disclosure comprising a coding and modulation apparatus 21 (referenced by 10 in FIG. 1 ) as proposed herein that encodes and modulates input data into constellation values, a converter 22 that converts said constellation values into one or more transmission streams to be transmitted, and a transmitter 23 that transmits said one or more transmission streams.
  • the converter 22 may comprise one or more elements like a time, cell and/or frequency interleaver, a frame builder, an OFDM modulator, etc., as e.g. described in the various standards related to DVB and as may be provided in a coding and modulation apparatus in an upcoming ATSC standard.
  • constellations and the constellations values are generally predetermined and e.g. stored in a constellations storage 24 or retrieved from an external source.
  • additional elements may be provided, such as an input processing unit, a frame building unit and/or an OFDM generation unit as e.g. conventionally used in a transmission apparatus of a DVB system.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a communications system 30 according to the present disclosure comprising one (or more) transmission apparatus 20 (Tx) as shown in FIG. 2 and one or more receiving apparatus 40 , 40 ′ (Rx).
  • Tx transmission apparatus 20
  • Rx receiving apparatus 40 , 40 ′
  • a receiving apparatus 40 generally comprises a receiver 41 that receives one or more transmission streams, a deconverter 42 that deconverts the received one or more transmission streams into constellation values, and a demodulation and decoding apparatus 43 that demodulates and decodes said constellation values into output data.
  • the demodulation and decoding apparatus 43 generally comprises a demodulator 44 for demodulating constellation values of a non-uniform constellation into cell words, and a decoder 45 for decoding cell words into output data words, wherein based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation and the code rate, a non-uniform constellation is selected from the one of several groups of constellations comprising the same predetermined constellations as used in the coding and modulation apparatus 10 .
  • the preferred demodulation and decoding considers soft values as opposed to hard decided values (0 and 1).
  • Soft values represent the continuously distributed received values (possibly after A/D conversion including quantization) by more than two states (as in the case of binary (hard) decision). The reason is that for hard decision, the NUCs are generally not optimal.
  • BICM receivers typically are soft receivers anyway.
  • data e.g. communications data, broadcast data, etc.
  • the transmission channel 50 , 50 ′ can be unicast channel, multicast channel, a broadcast channel and may be employed as one-directional or bi-directional channel (i.e. having a return channel from the receiving apparatus to the transmission apparatus).
  • the modulator 12 is configured to use a non-uniform constellation based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation, the required signal-to-noise ratio SNR for error free decoding in dB and the channel characteristics.
  • the constellation is generally not selected dependent on the SNR in the receiver, but dependent on the SNR that is required for error free decoding with a used channel code (if a code is used, for example LDPC codes in case of DVB 2 nd generation transmission systems) for an expected channel characteristic, e.g., static reception or multipath fading.
  • the total number M of constellation points is generally selected according to the desired payload throughput jointly with the code rate of the FEC encoder.
  • the SNR for error free decoding for typical channel characteristic is generally known, e.g. by simulation.
  • the channel characteristics of the receivers are not known, i.e. a compromise is selected.
  • one non-uniform constellation is selected, optimized for an SNR that is a compromise for all channel characteristics.
  • the transmitter generally targets a certain scenario. For instance, a broadcast transmission over cable or satellite considers the channel to be just a non-fading AWGN (appropriate channel model), while a terrestrial broadcaster typically considers the channel to be a fading channel, e.g. with Rayleigh distribution, as several echoes are usually received.
  • AWGN non-fading AWGN
  • a terrestrial broadcaster typically considers the channel to be a fading channel, e.g. with Rayleigh distribution, as several echoes are usually received.
  • the proposed constellations consider the most relevant channel characteristics.
  • the modulator 12 is configured to adaptively select a non-uniform constellation based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation, the signal-to-noise ratio SNR in dB and the channel characteristics, wherein said signal-to-noise ratio SNR in dB and channel characteristics are received from a receiving device 40 to which data shall be transmitted.
  • a non-uniform constellation may be adapted e.g. in time and/or frequency domain, e.g. for different OFDM subcarriers.
  • the channel characteristics describe the statistical properties of the channel, e.g., the extent of the multipath propagation of the transmission channel between transmitter and receiver. If the channel is characterized by no multipath propagation, corresponding to the AWGN channel, the required SNR for error free decoding is relatively low, i.e. the NUC has to be selected accordingly for optimum performance. If the transmission channel is characterized by strong multipath propagation, the required SNR for error free reception is larger compared to a channel without multipath propagation, i.e. a NUC optimized for higher SNR has to be used. Further, the NUCs should be optimized taking the fading characteristics into account, as will be discussed below.
  • the number M of the constellation points of the constellations is selected according to the desired payload throughput. Larger values of M allow for higher data throughput, but require a larger SNR for error free reception. This is further influenced by the code rate of the FEC encoder, if any FEC encoder is used.
  • FIG. 4 A simple example of a constellation is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • a regular 4-QAM consisting of constellation points (e j ⁇ /4 , e j7 ⁇ /4 , e 3 ⁇ /4 , e j5 ⁇ /4 ) is depicted.
  • the average symbol power is 1 (all symbols are located on unit circle here).
  • the above symbol vector (e j ⁇ /4 , e j7 ⁇ /4 , e 3 ⁇ /4 , e j5 ⁇ /4 ) is to be understood such that the first entry (e j ⁇ /4 ) belongs to the bit vector 00, the second entry (e j7 ⁇ /4 ) to 01 and so on, i.e.
  • N-PAM N 2 -QAMs
  • All constellations preferably fulfil power constraint, i.e
  • E[•] is the expectation operator
  • x 1 is a particular symbol of the set of all M constellation symbols.
  • N 2 -NUCs have been optimized as one embodiment with N 2 being 16, 64, 256, 1024 (1 k). This means that these constellations are optimized to allow minimum BER/FER for a given FEC code rate. The restriction on these constellations is that they should be able to be split into two separate one-dimensional PAM constellations, allowing low complexity mapping at the transmitter and demapping at the receiver.
  • the first entry (1.6405) corresponds to the bit label 000, the next one (1.0073) to 001 and so on.
  • the 2-dim. 64-NUC is then obtained by symmetry, where both in-phase and quadrature-phase component of the NUC are based on the 8-PAM NUC.
  • FIG. 5 depicts both 8-PAM NUC ( FIG. 5A ) and 64-QAM NUC ( FIG. 5B ).
  • the bit labels are given in integer numbers (000 ⁇ 0, 001 ⁇ 1, 010 ⁇ 2 and so on).
  • NUCs Since the performance of NUCs depends on the SNR value they are optimized for, a thorough selection is preferably carried out depending on the (FEC) code rate to achieve optimum performance. If the channel characteristics are known, the required SNR value for FEC convergence can be determined by simulation. Then the NUC that has been optimized for this SNR value is chosen for best performance. If the SNR at the receiver is lower than this SNR decoding threshold, the constellation is not optimal. However, this is no drawback, since the capacity is too low for successful decoding anyhow. On the other hand if the SNR at the receiver is clearly higher than the decoding threshold, a sufficient amount of capacity for successful decoding is available, even though the NUC is suboptimal for this SNR range.
  • FEC FEC
  • the NUC needs to be optimized for the SNR value at the waterfall region (i.e., decoding threshold for (quasi-) error free decoding) of the FEC.
  • the SNR value of the waterfall region depends on the code rate of the FEC, a different NUC is selected for each code rate.
  • the SNR value for (quasi-) error free decoding also depends on the channel characteristics of the receiver. For instance the required SNR for error free decoding of the DVB-T2 LDPC code in the AWGN channel is 0.8 dB, whereas 2.5 dB are required in the Rayleigh P1 multipath channel.
  • the selected NUC for each code rate is thus not optimal in all channel environments and a tradeoff is necessary in a broadcasting environment that suits all (or most) users in the network. In a point-to-point network with return channel, the optimal NUC may be selected based on the measured channel characteristics in the receiver.
  • M log 2
  • the parameter q used here for discrete time or subcarrier index corresponds to the parameter k as used in the above.
  • NUC position vector u 1 . . . v which defines the constellation point position of the non-uniform constellation.
  • the length of the NUC position vector u is defined by
  • the complete constellation for this NUC position vector is shown in FIG. 6 with exemplary input cell words marked at the corresponding constellation points.
  • the resulting constellation mapping (also called labeling) for the non-uniform constellations follows a binary reflected Gray-Mapping (labeling), i.e. neighboring constellation points differ in only one bit.
  • the power of the constellation points z q is normalized such that the expectation value of the normalized constellation point f q equals 1, i.e. E(
  • 2 ) 1.
  • the normalized constellation value f q of a uniform 16-QAM constellation results by
  • the following tables define the constellation position vectors (prior to power normalization) as well as the bit labelling of the data cell words to the constellation points.
  • the Q-NUC optimization i.e. the optimization of a 2-dimensional constellation that is derived from a single quadrant.
  • the above described optimization of a N 2 -QAM requires the optimization of sqrt(M)/2 ⁇ 1 degrees of freedom. Since the optimization of a 2-dimensional QAM constellation has 2*M degrees of freedom (real and imaginary part of each constellation point) the optimization is significantly more time consuming. Since the optimum 2D-constellations for the 16-QAM case are symmetric with respect to the different quadrants of the constellations, the following simplifications can be applied to describe these constellations: Only a first quarter of the total number of constellation points of a constellation (e.g.
  • the first quadrant of the constellation is described, reducing the number of table entries from 2*M to M/2. From the first quarter the remaining quarters can be derived, leading to a so called QQAM constellation. However, it shall be ensured that the properties of the bit labeling of the constellation points are retained. For instance, if the first quadrant is Gray-Mapped, offering a Hamming distance of 1 of the bit labels belonging to adjacent constellation points, the same must be ensured for the remaining quadrants of the QQAM constellation.
  • 16-QQAM To uniquely define a 16-QQAM only 8 real values are required, corresponding to 4 complex values representing the constellation points of the first quadrant.
  • 16-QQAM 32-QQAM, 64QQAM, 128-QQAM, 256-QQAM and 1024-QQAM constellations have been optimized, clearly outperforming the N 2 -QAM constellations.
  • the presented QQAM optimization approach can be used for any channel condition, e.g. for the AWGN channel as well as for fading channels.
  • the vector of complex constellation points x 0 . . . M-1 for all combinations of the input bits y 0 . . . m-1 (corresponding to the decimal values 0 to M ⁇ 1) are given in the above shown tables for the various constellation sizes depending on the QQAM position vector w 0 . . .
  • the QQAM and the N 2 -NUC constellations have been defined in such a way that the bit-wise mutual information is increasing with the bit position, i.e. the MSB (leftmost bit label) carries the largest mutual information, while the LSB (rightmost bit label) carries the least mutual information.
  • the constellation position vector w as defined herein does not necessarily contain the constellation points of a quadrant, e.g. the first quadrant, of the constellation, but could also contain the constellation points of any of the four quadrants or a quarter of constellation points which are not all located in a single quadrant. Due to the symmetry this leads to constellations with a different bit mapping but with identical performance.
  • the constellation position vector w in the tables defined herein should therefore be considered as an example for all four symmetric constellations with different bit mapping but identical performance.
  • N 2 -QAM constellations it is meaningful from an information theoretic point of view to use high constellation orders, since these constellations offer more degrees of freedom for the optimization and perform closer to the Shannon capacity as depicted in FIG. 8 .
  • the complexity for demapping in the receiver also increases. Since for large N 2 -QAM constellations many constellation points are very close to each other in the complex plane it is proposed in Jonathan Stott, “CM and BICM limits for rectangular constellations”, DVB document server, document TM-MIMO0007, August 2012, to “condense” non-uniform constellations by means of forcing particular constellation points to have the same position before the optimization process, accepting a small performance loss compared to its “mother constellation”.
  • ConQAM condensed QAM
  • ConQQAM condensed QAM
  • An improved alternative to condensing the constellation before the optimization is the reduction of the constellation points after the optimization which is proposed according to the present disclosure.
  • the optimization of all degrees of freedom of the N 2 -QAM constellation is thus required, but several advantages are obtained.
  • a constellation requiring the minimum required number of constellation points can be derived to offer a desired performance. This allows for a seamless change of the required number of constellation points over the SNR range, which leads to a reduction of the number of constellation points compared to the approach proposed in the above mentioned document of Jonathan Stott.
  • This approach will be called dynamic condensation, since it is carried out for each SNR point individually.
  • This approach is outlined for the N 2 -QAM case in the following.
  • FIG. 9 An example of the algorithm is shown in FIG. 9 for 17 constellation points of a PAM constellation:
  • the constellation points with a distance smaller than the threshold t result in a group of constellation points, i.e. are condensed to a single constellation point position. In the end only 6 constellation points are remaining.
  • the algorithm can analogously be extended to the 2D-case as will be briefly explained below.
  • FIG. 11 exemplary shows two of the proposed 1024-N 2 -NUCs optimized for 27 dB SNR ( FIG. 11A ) and 8 dB SNR ( FIG. 11B ) and an enlargement of the N 2 -NUC optimized for 8 dB SNR ( FIG. 11C ), illustrating that several constellation points tend to merge at low SNR
  • FIG. 12 exemplary shows two 64-QQAMs optimized for 10 dB SNR ( FIG. 12A ) and 15 dB SNR ( FIG. 12B ).
  • the QQAM constellations In contrast to the rectangular shaped N 2 -NUCs, the QQAM constellations have a circular shape, reducing the peak-power of the constellation compared to N 2 -NUCs, by avoiding the constellation points near the corner.
  • the constellation points of large QQAMs tend to merge in the same way like N 2 -NUCs when being optimized at low SNR. This is e.g. the case in the inner circle of the 64-QQAM optimized at 10 dB target SNR shown in FIG. 12A .
  • the condensation of constellations may sometimes lead to (complete) puncturing of the least significant bits of the constellation.
  • This is for example the case for a 256-N 2 -NUC optimized for 0 dB SNR, which results in a QPSK constellation with all 64 constellation points of one quadrant having exactly the same constellation point position.
  • the first two bits can be restored by means of the four different constellation point positions.
  • the remaining 6 least significant bits could not be restored. This is however possible using a BICM chain with state-of-the-art forward error correction codes, which is able to correct the remaining bits based on the information of the two most significant bits.
  • Such a BICM chain is thus preferably used in the transmitter and the receiver of a communication system according to the present disclosure.
  • the use of such a BICM chain is assumed to be used when performing an optimization of the constellations, and the BICM capacity is the target capacity during the optimization process.
  • the modulator of the disclosed coding and modulation apparatus modulates said cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation wherein said modulator is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation and the code rate, a non-uniform constellation obtained from a constellation from anyone of groups A, B, C or D through rotation by an angle around the origin.
  • said modulator is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation and the code rate, a non-uniform constellation obtained from a constellation from anyone of groups A, B, C or D through rotation by an angle around the origin.
  • the modulator of the disclosed coding and modulation apparatus modulates said cell words into constellation values of a non-uniform constellation wherein said modulator is configured to use, based on the total number M of constellation points of the constellation and the code rate, a non-uniform constellation from a group E of constellations comprising one or more of the following constellations defined by the constellation position vector w 0 . . . M .
  • Such constellations can not be described by the symmetry from the QQAM in a straightforward manner. Therefore, the complete constellation position vector with M entries will be used.
  • Constellations from group E can preferably be used for coding and modulation in accordance with the DVB-S2 standard or its extension DVB-Sx. Special care has been taken such that the constellations can be used together with LDPC codes and bit interleaver settings from the DVB-Sx baseline system.
  • constellations are proposed for LDPC codes not yet part of the DVB-Sx baseline, like e.g. codes of code rate “x/30”, the constellations are optimized such that they allow for a DVB-S2-like bit interleaver.
  • the same interleaving rule can be applied as used in DVB-S2 for 64 k LDPC codes (except for code rate 3/5 from S2): the block interleaver is filled column-wise, and read out row-wise, each row read from left to right.
  • code rates for which the constellations of groups A, B, C, D and E have been optimized are the code rates of the LDPC encoder.
  • the total code rates may actually be smaller due to the use of an additional BCH encoder.
  • FIG. 14 shows a diagram illustrating the shaping gain for the above explained non-uniform 8-ary QAM constellations which may be used for a standard relating to digital video broadcasting via satellite.
  • the diagram includes curves showing the BER (solid lines) and the FER (dashed lines). Further, there are curves for conventional constellations as used in known standards using baseline constellations and curves for the above explained NUCs for 8-ary QAMs. It can be seen that the same BER or FER can be achieved at lower SNR.
  • FIG. 15 shows examples of LDPC codes for which the disclosed constellations have been optimized.
  • the code length and the code rate are given for the respective codes.
  • the present disclosure includes embodiments of coding and modulation apparatus for which less groups of tables of constellations are available for selection and/or use of a constellation, for which smaller tables of constellations are available for selection and/or use of a constellation, for which tables including constellations for less code rates and/or less values of M are available for selection and/or use of a constellation, and/or for which only selected (single) constellations from among all the disclosed constellations are available for selection and/or use of a constellation.
  • a non-transitory machine-readable medium carrying such software such as an optical disk, a magnetic disk, semiconductor memory or the like, is also considered to represent an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a software may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems.
  • a circuit that may be used for implementing one or more of the elements of the claimed apparatus is a structural assemblage of electronic components including conventional circuit elements, integrated circuits including application specific integrated circuits, standard integrated circuits, application specific standard products, and field programmable gate arrays. Further a circuit includes central processing units, graphics processing units, and microprocessors which are programmed or configured according to software code. A circuit does not include pure software, although a circuit includes the above-described hardware executing software.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US14/901,894 2013-07-05 2014-07-07 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation Abandoned US20160156498A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/340,672 US9813279B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2016-11-01 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US15/699,635 US10091045B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2017-09-08 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13175370.9 2013-07-05
EP13175370 2013-07-05
EP13183318 2013-09-06
EP13183318.8 2013-09-06
EP14153438.8 2014-01-31
EP14153438 2014-01-31
EP14168129.6 2014-05-13
EP14168129 2014-05-13
PCT/EP2014/064404 WO2015001121A1 (en) 2013-07-05 2014-07-07 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2014/064404 A-371-Of-International WO2015001121A1 (en) 2013-07-05 2014-07-07 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/340,672 Continuation US9813279B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2016-11-01 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20160156498A1 true US20160156498A1 (en) 2016-06-02

Family

ID=51134098

Family Applications (10)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/901,894 Abandoned US20160156498A1 (en) 2013-07-05 2014-07-07 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US15/340,672 Active US9813279B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2016-11-01 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US15/699,635 Active US10091045B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2017-09-08 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US16/105,666 Active US10326635B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2018-08-20 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US16/406,746 Active US10868706B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2019-05-08 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US17/119,678 Active US11190387B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2020-12-11 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US17/451,112 Active US11539569B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2021-10-15 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US17/993,373 Active US11716238B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2022-11-23 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US18/334,884 Active US11968072B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2023-06-14 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US18/623,658 Active US12335083B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2024-04-01 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation

Family Applications After (9)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/340,672 Active US9813279B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2016-11-01 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US15/699,635 Active US10091045B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2017-09-08 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US16/105,666 Active US10326635B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2018-08-20 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US16/406,746 Active US10868706B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2019-05-08 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US17/119,678 Active US11190387B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2020-12-11 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US17/451,112 Active US11539569B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2021-10-15 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US17/993,373 Active US11716238B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2022-11-23 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US18/334,884 Active US11968072B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2023-06-14 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US18/623,658 Active US12335083B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2024-04-01 Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (10) US20160156498A1 (enExample)
EP (2) EP3621263B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP6420333B2 (enExample)
CN (2) CN105359478B (enExample)
BR (1) BR112015032847B1 (enExample)
CA (1) CA2916349C (enExample)
HU (1) HUE061057T2 (enExample)
MX (1) MX357951B (enExample)
WO (1) WO2015001121A1 (enExample)
ZA (1) ZA201509176B (enExample)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160056989A1 (en) * 2013-04-12 2016-02-25 Panasonic Intellectual Property Corporation Of America Transmission method
US20160261289A1 (en) * 2015-03-02 2016-09-08 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitter and parity permutation method thereof
US20160345329A1 (en) * 2015-05-18 2016-11-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20160344498A1 (en) * 2015-05-18 2016-11-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20160345330A1 (en) * 2015-05-18 2016-11-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20160344496A1 (en) * 2015-05-19 2016-11-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20160344501A1 (en) * 2015-05-19 2016-11-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US9780917B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-10-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US9780916B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-10-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US9787422B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-10-10 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US9800365B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-10-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20170324468A1 (en) * 2016-05-04 2017-11-09 Hughes Network Systems, Llc Method and system to increase capacity of high throughput satellite communication
US9853771B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-12-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20180034584A1 (en) * 2014-02-05 2018-02-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and modulation method thereof
US20190052508A1 (en) * 2015-05-19 2019-02-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10356788B2 (en) * 2015-10-30 2019-07-16 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. System and method for high-rate sparse code multiple access in downlink
US10389431B2 (en) * 2017-04-02 2019-08-20 Ahmad Jalali Air interface protocols for broadband access to aerial platforms
US10749727B2 (en) * 2016-03-22 2020-08-18 Xieon Networks S.à. r.l. Method for protecting a link in an optical network
US10855398B2 (en) 2015-07-09 2020-12-01 Sony Corporation Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US11212158B2 (en) * 2018-07-27 2021-12-28 Sony Corporation Coding and modulation apparatus using multi-dimensional non-uniform constellation
US11290224B2 (en) * 2019-05-07 2022-03-29 Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. Method of operating a radio transmitter and corresponding radio transmitter
US11777523B2 (en) 2015-03-02 2023-10-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitter and parity permutation method thereof
US20240089155A1 (en) * 2022-09-14 2024-03-14 Apple Inc. Wireless Devices with Privacy Modulation Coding
US12132945B2 (en) * 2013-08-01 2024-10-29 Lg Electronics Inc. Apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, apparatus for receiving broadcast signals, method for transmitting broadcast signals and method for receiving broadcast signals

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014009191A1 (en) 2012-07-09 2014-01-16 Sony Corporation Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
CA2910234C (en) * 2013-04-30 2022-01-11 Sony Corporation Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
EP3621263B1 (en) 2013-07-05 2022-12-07 Saturn Licensing LLC Receiving apparatus using non-uniform constellation
GB201312243D0 (en) * 2013-07-08 2013-08-21 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Non-Uniform Constellations
EP3119087A4 (en) * 2014-04-01 2017-03-22 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Adaptive coding and modulation method, apparatus and system
WO2016117904A1 (ko) * 2015-01-21 2016-07-28 엘지전자 주식회사 방송 신호 송신 장치, 방송 신호 수신 장치, 방송 신호 송신 방법, 및 방송 신호 수신 방법
US10623142B2 (en) * 2015-10-30 2020-04-14 Huawei Technologies Canada Co., Ltd. Method for determining an encoding scheme and symbol mapping
WO2017121837A1 (en) * 2016-01-15 2017-07-20 Sony Corporation Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
CN109076039B (zh) * 2016-04-13 2021-07-30 索尼公司 使用多维非均匀星座的编码和调制装置
CN109644177A (zh) * 2016-08-19 2019-04-16 索尼公司 无线通信收发器和无线通信方法
JP6965104B2 (ja) * 2016-12-28 2021-11-10 日本放送協会 送信装置、受信装置及びチップ
WO2019006597A1 (en) * 2017-07-03 2019-01-10 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR OPTIMIZED QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION FOR PHASE NOISE
CN110505359B (zh) * 2018-05-18 2020-10-23 中国科学院上海高等研究院 无线广播通信系统中非均匀调制解调方法、系统、介质及终端
US11132542B2 (en) * 2018-06-28 2021-09-28 Nec Corporation Time-space de-noising for distributed sensors
US10785085B2 (en) * 2019-01-15 2020-09-22 Nokia Technologies Oy Probabilistic shaping for physical layer design
EP4262115A1 (en) * 2022-04-13 2023-10-18 Mitsubishi Electric R & D Centre Europe B.V. Method for transmitting data to a receiver and transmitter configured to implement the method
US12381769B2 (en) 2022-10-19 2025-08-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. AI/ML empowered high order modulation

Family Cites Families (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003032497A1 (fr) 2001-10-03 2003-04-17 Sony Corporation Procede de codage et de decodage
CN100336330C (zh) 2003-01-27 2007-09-05 西南交通大学 基于均匀与非均匀调制星座图的混合自动重传请求方法
US20050047517A1 (en) 2003-09-03 2005-03-03 Georgios Giannakis B. Adaptive modulation for multi-antenna transmissions with partial channel knowledge
WO2006048061A1 (en) 2004-11-03 2006-05-11 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method and transmitter structure removing phase ambiguity by repetition rearrangement
KR101245403B1 (ko) 2005-08-12 2013-03-25 뉴저지 인스티튜트 오브 테크놀로지 ＮｘＭ 안테나를 이용한 다중 입출력 시스템에서의 재전송 배열 방법 및 장치
CN1863182B (zh) * 2005-09-30 2010-12-08 华为技术有限公司 移动通信系统中提高信号传输速率的方法
CN101106435B (zh) * 2006-07-10 2011-08-03 华为技术有限公司 一种多对线共同传输的方法及发送端和接收端
US8194750B2 (en) * 2006-10-16 2012-06-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. System and method for digital communication having a circulant bit interleaver for equal error protection (EEP) and unequal error protection (UEP)
TR201905158T4 (tr) * 2007-06-05 2019-05-21 Constellation Designs Inc Kapasitesi optimize edilmiş yıldız kümeleri ile sinyalleme yöntemi ve aparatı.
KR101079106B1 (ko) * 2007-08-30 2011-11-02 엘지전자 주식회사 신호 송수신 장치 및 신호 송수신 방법
US8208533B2 (en) 2007-11-15 2012-06-26 Mediatek Inc. Methods and apparatus for fast signal acquisition in a digital video receiver
EP2071758A1 (en) 2007-12-11 2009-06-17 Sony Corporation OFDM-Transmitting apparatus and method, and OFDM-receiving apparatus and method
US20090220034A1 (en) 2008-03-03 2009-09-03 Ramprashad Sean A Layered receiver structure
EP2134051A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-16 THOMSON Licensing An adaptive QAM transmission scheme for improving performance on an AWGN channel
CN101291200A (zh) * 2008-06-13 2008-10-22 中山大学 一种混合自动请求重发的方法
CN101640940A (zh) 2008-07-30 2010-02-03 华为技术有限公司 多用户联合映射时指示调制编码方案的方法和基站
EP2326055A4 (en) * 2008-09-09 2014-08-06 Fujitsu Ltd TRANSMITTERS, TRANSMISSION PROCEDURES, RECEIVERS AND RECEIVER PROCEDURES
CN103595687B (zh) * 2008-10-21 2017-03-01 Lg电子株式会社 用于发送和接收信号的装置以及用于发送和接收信号的方法
CN102106109B (zh) * 2008-11-06 2013-08-07 Lg电子株式会社 用于发送和接收信号的装置以及用于发送和接收信号的方法
WO2010078472A1 (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-08 Constellation Designs, Inc. Methods and apparatuses for signaling with geometric constellations
KR101901954B1 (ko) 2009-01-22 2018-09-28 엘지전자 주식회사 신호 송수신 장치 및 방법
KR101556169B1 (ko) 2009-01-23 2015-10-13 엘지전자 주식회사 신호 송수신 장치 및 방법
KR101728736B1 (ko) 2009-02-12 2017-04-20 엘지전자 주식회사 신호 송신 장치 및 방법
US8355751B2 (en) 2009-02-18 2013-01-15 Research In Motion Limited Automatic activation of speed measurement in mobile device based on available motion indicia
CN101867438A (zh) * 2009-04-20 2010-10-20 清华大学 自适应分配多级速率方法和多级速率自适应配置器
US8433027B2 (en) 2009-10-08 2013-04-30 Dialog Semiconductor Gmbh Digital controller for automatic rate detection and tracking of audio interface clocks
ITTO20110808A1 (it) 2011-09-12 2013-03-13 Milano Politecnico Metodo di stima di canale, relativo stimatore di canale, ricevitore e prodotto informatico
JP5739546B2 (ja) 2011-11-10 2015-06-24 パナソニック株式会社 送信方法、受信方法、送信機、及び受信機
GB2499050A (en) 2012-02-06 2013-08-07 British Broadcasting Corp Non-uniform QAM constellations with constellation points at positions of maximum capacity for a selected signal to noise ratio
WO2014009191A1 (en) 2012-07-09 2014-01-16 Sony Corporation Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
CN103036845B (zh) * 2012-12-05 2015-05-20 清华大学 一种基于apsk星座图的非等概星座映射方法
US9143377B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-09-22 Qualcomm Incorporated Demapper for rotated QAM constellations
KR102133853B1 (ko) 2013-04-21 2020-07-14 엘지전자 주식회사 방송 신호 송신 장치, 방송 신호 수신 장치, 방송 신호 송신 방법 및 방송 신호 수신 방법
CA2910234C (en) 2013-04-30 2022-01-11 Sony Corporation Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
WO2014177565A1 (en) 2013-04-30 2014-11-06 Sony Corporation Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
KR20150005853A (ko) * 2013-07-05 2015-01-15 삼성전자주식회사 송신 장치 및 그의 신호 처리 방법
EP3621263B1 (en) 2013-07-05 2022-12-07 Saturn Licensing LLC Receiving apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US9240916B2 (en) * 2013-11-13 2016-01-19 Lg Electronics Inc. Apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, apparatus for receiving broadcast signals, method for transmitting broadcast signals and method for receiving broadcast signals
EP3565209B1 (en) 2014-02-05 2020-06-17 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and modulation method thereof
KR102262735B1 (ko) 2015-01-27 2021-06-09 한국전자통신연구원 시간 영역에서의 ｐａｐｒ 감소를 위한 송신 신호 처리 방법 및 장치
US10193736B2 (en) 2015-04-14 2019-01-29 Sony Corporation Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation and different PHY modes

Cited By (76)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10742459B2 (en) * 2013-04-12 2020-08-11 Sun Patent Trust Transmission method
US20180191538A1 (en) * 2013-04-12 2018-07-05 Sun Patent Trust Transmission method
US10177948B2 (en) * 2013-04-12 2019-01-08 Sun Patent Trust Transmission method
US9491026B2 (en) * 2013-04-12 2016-11-08 Sun Patent Trust Transmission method
US9942067B2 (en) * 2013-04-12 2018-04-10 Sun Patent Trust Transmission method
US10476713B1 (en) * 2013-04-12 2019-11-12 Sun Patent Trust Transmission method
US20160056989A1 (en) * 2013-04-12 2016-02-25 Panasonic Intellectual Property Corporation Of America Transmission method
US12132945B2 (en) * 2013-08-01 2024-10-29 Lg Electronics Inc. Apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, apparatus for receiving broadcast signals, method for transmitting broadcast signals and method for receiving broadcast signals
US10862623B2 (en) * 2014-02-05 2020-12-08 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and modulation method thereof
US11424858B2 (en) 2014-02-05 2022-08-23 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and modulation method thereof
US11777643B2 (en) 2014-02-05 2023-10-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and modulation method thereof
US20180034584A1 (en) * 2014-02-05 2018-02-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and modulation method thereof
US11196448B2 (en) 2015-03-02 2021-12-07 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitter and parity permutation method thereof
US11777523B2 (en) 2015-03-02 2023-10-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitter and parity permutation method thereof
US10326474B2 (en) * 2015-03-02 2019-06-18 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitter and parity permutation method thereof
US10312938B2 (en) * 2015-03-02 2019-06-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitter and parity permutation method thereof
US20160261281A1 (en) * 2015-03-02 2016-09-08 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitter and parity permutation method thereof
US20160261289A1 (en) * 2015-03-02 2016-09-08 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitter and parity permutation method thereof
US10541853B2 (en) * 2015-05-18 2020-01-21 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US12057988B2 (en) * 2015-05-18 2024-08-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11641214B2 (en) * 2015-05-18 2023-05-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11637735B2 (en) * 2015-05-18 2023-04-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20160345330A1 (en) * 2015-05-18 2016-11-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20160344498A1 (en) * 2015-05-18 2016-11-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20210314209A1 (en) * 2015-05-18 2021-10-07 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20210314005A1 (en) * 2015-05-18 2021-10-07 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11063808B2 (en) * 2015-05-18 2021-07-13 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11063615B2 (en) * 2015-05-18 2021-07-13 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10680873B2 (en) * 2015-05-18 2020-06-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10536173B2 (en) * 2015-05-18 2020-01-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20160345329A1 (en) * 2015-05-18 2016-11-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10680750B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2020-06-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11115259B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2021-09-07 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20190229849A1 (en) * 2015-05-19 2019-07-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US9800365B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-10-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US9787422B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-10-10 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11929864B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2024-03-12 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10491320B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2019-11-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10277350B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2019-04-30 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US9780916B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-10-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10554336B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2020-02-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and non-uniform constellation mapping method thereof
US10587357B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2020-03-10 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10250359B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2019-04-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11757693B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2023-09-12 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10735242B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2020-08-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10735241B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2020-08-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US9780917B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-10-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11838166B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2023-12-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11743095B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2023-08-29 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US9762346B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-09-12 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10911179B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2021-02-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20190052507A1 (en) * 2015-05-19 2019-02-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20190052508A1 (en) * 2015-05-19 2019-02-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11075790B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2021-07-27 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11082278B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2021-08-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11082158B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2021-08-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting method and receiving method using non-uniform constellation
US9853771B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-12-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US11133972B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2021-09-28 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US9847851B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-12-19 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and non-uniform constellation mapping method thereof
US10075185B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2018-09-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20160344501A1 (en) * 2015-05-19 2016-11-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10069598B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2018-09-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10063345B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2018-08-28 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US20160344496A1 (en) * 2015-05-19 2016-11-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10057005B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2018-08-21 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and mapping method thereof
US10050742B2 (en) 2015-05-19 2018-08-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Transmitting apparatus and non-uniform constellation mapping method thereof
US10855398B2 (en) 2015-07-09 2020-12-01 Sony Corporation Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US10356788B2 (en) * 2015-10-30 2019-07-16 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. System and method for high-rate sparse code multiple access in downlink
US10749727B2 (en) * 2016-03-22 2020-08-18 Xieon Networks S.à. r.l. Method for protecting a link in an optical network
US10484084B2 (en) * 2016-05-04 2019-11-19 Hughes Network Systems, Llc Method and system to increase capacity of high throughput satellite communication
US20170324468A1 (en) * 2016-05-04 2017-11-09 Hughes Network Systems, Llc Method and system to increase capacity of high throughput satellite communication
US10389431B2 (en) * 2017-04-02 2019-08-20 Ahmad Jalali Air interface protocols for broadband access to aerial platforms
US11212158B2 (en) * 2018-07-27 2021-12-28 Sony Corporation Coding and modulation apparatus using multi-dimensional non-uniform constellation
US11290224B2 (en) * 2019-05-07 2022-03-29 Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. Method of operating a radio transmitter and corresponding radio transmitter
US20240089155A1 (en) * 2022-09-14 2024-03-14 Apple Inc. Wireless Devices with Privacy Modulation Coding
US12068894B2 (en) * 2022-09-14 2024-08-20 Apple Inc. Wireless devices with privacy modulation coding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA201509176B (en) 2017-01-25
JP2016526838A (ja) 2016-09-05
BR112015032847B1 (pt) 2023-05-02
US20170118062A1 (en) 2017-04-27
US10326635B2 (en) 2019-06-18
US12335083B2 (en) 2025-06-17
US20230327938A1 (en) 2023-10-12
US20240250860A1 (en) 2024-07-25
WO2015001121A1 (en) 2015-01-08
US20180359128A1 (en) 2018-12-13
CA2916349C (en) 2022-02-01
US9813279B2 (en) 2017-11-07
CN105359478B (zh) 2019-05-28
HUE061057T2 (hu) 2023-05-28
BR112015032847A8 (pt) 2019-12-24
EP3017574A1 (en) 2016-05-11
MX2015017219A (es) 2016-03-21
CN105359478A (zh) 2016-02-24
US10091045B2 (en) 2018-10-02
US10868706B2 (en) 2020-12-15
EP3017574B1 (en) 2019-11-13
US11190387B2 (en) 2021-11-30
US20180013602A1 (en) 2018-01-11
CN110224957A (zh) 2019-09-10
BR112015032847A2 (pt) 2017-07-25
MX357951B (es) 2018-07-30
EP3621263A1 (en) 2020-03-11
US20220045894A1 (en) 2022-02-10
EP3621263B1 (en) 2022-12-07
JP6420333B2 (ja) 2018-11-07
CN110224957B (zh) 2022-05-27
US20190268209A1 (en) 2019-08-29
US20230088730A1 (en) 2023-03-23
CA2916349A1 (en) 2015-01-08
US11539569B2 (en) 2022-12-27
US11968072B2 (en) 2024-04-23
US20210144044A1 (en) 2021-05-13
US11716238B2 (en) 2023-08-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US12335083B2 (en) Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US12040932B2 (en) Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US9680684B2 (en) Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation
US10177954B2 (en) Coding and modulation apparatus using non-uniform constellation

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: SONY CORPORATION, JAPAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LOGHIN, NABIL;STADELMEIER, LOTHAR;ZOELLNER, JAN;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20151216 TO 20151221;REEL/FRAME:037411/0831

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION

AS Assignment

Owner name: SATURN LICENSING LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SONY CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:052256/0443

Effective date: 20190911