US20160131241A1 - Bevel gear or hypoid gear having conical tooth shape in the longitudinal direction and having constant tooth gap width in the base - Google Patents

Bevel gear or hypoid gear having conical tooth shape in the longitudinal direction and having constant tooth gap width in the base Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160131241A1
US20160131241A1 US14/938,220 US201514938220A US2016131241A1 US 20160131241 A1 US20160131241 A1 US 20160131241A1 US 201514938220 A US201514938220 A US 201514938220A US 2016131241 A1 US2016131241 A1 US 2016131241A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
tooth
gear
width
tooth gap
gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/938,220
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English (en)
Inventor
Hartmuth Müller
Carsten Hünecke
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Klingelnberg AG
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Klingelnberg AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Klingelnberg AG filed Critical Klingelnberg AG
Assigned to KLINGELNBERG AG reassignment KLINGELNBERG AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HÜNECKE, Carsten, MÜLLER, Hartmuth
Publication of US20160131241A1 publication Critical patent/US20160131241A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/08—Profiling
    • F16H55/0806—Involute profile
    • F16H55/0813—Intersecting-shaft arrangement of the toothed members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/17—Toothed wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
    • F16H55/08—Profiling
    • F16H55/0806—Involute profile
    • F16H55/082—Skewed-shaft arrangement of the toothed members, i.e. non-intersecting shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F9/00—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction
    • B23F9/08—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob
    • B23F9/10—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob with a face-mill
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/04—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members
    • F16H1/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes
    • F16H1/14—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes comprising conical gears only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/04—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members
    • F16H1/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes
    • F16H1/14—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes comprising conical gears only
    • F16H1/145—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with non-parallel axes comprising conical gears only with offset axes, e.g. hypoïd gearings

Definitions

  • the subject matter of the invention are spiral-toothed bevel gears and hypoid gears.
  • Spiral-toothed bevel gears and spiral-toothed hypoid gears are produced using milling or grinding methods.
  • So-called cutter heads are used in the case of milling and so-called cup grinding wheels are used in the case of grinding.
  • Greatly varying methods are known in this case, which are either single indexing (by grinding or milling) or continuous indexing (only milling).
  • Circular-arc-toothed bevel gears are manufactured, for example, in the single indexing method (also called the intermittent indexing method or, in the case of spiral bevel gears, face milling).
  • the single indexing method the cutters of a cutter head complete a circular movement while one gap of the bevel gear to be generated is manufactured.
  • the cutter head is retracted and the workpiece is rotated by an indexing angle (called indexing rotation).
  • indexing rotation an indexing angle
  • the next gap is then manufactured accordingly. Therefore, one tooth gap is always manufactured all at once.
  • bevel gears having variable tooth height i.e., the height of the tooth varies continuously along the tooth width, or having constant tooth height
  • the variable tooth height is the more typical tooth shape in this case.
  • the resulting flank line on the so-called crown gear is a circular arc in this case.
  • Epicycloidally-toothed bevel gears are manufactured by continuous indexing, i.e., by a continuous indexing method (referred to as a continuous indexing method or, in the case of spiral bevel gears, face hobbing).
  • a continuous indexing method referred to as a continuous indexing method or, in the case of spiral bevel gears, face hobbing.
  • both the cutter head and also the workpiece rotate in a coupled manner in a movement sequence which is chronologically adapted to one another. The indexing is thus performed continuously and tooth gaps and the corresponding teeth are generated quasi-simultaneously.
  • flank line of the epicycloidally toothed bevel gears is an epicycloid.
  • lengthened or shortened epicycloid flank lines can also be generated.
  • the teeth are always embodied having constant tooth height.
  • the respective variables, which determine the geometry, of the manufactured bevel gears or hypoid gears result from the selected method.
  • These variables are, for example, the profile of the flank longitudinal line, the profile of the tooth height along the tooth width, the size of head cone angle and base cone angle, and also the tooth gap base width and the profile thereof.
  • Bevel gears and hypoid gears having constant tooth height and a circular arc or an epicycloid as the flank longitudinal line shape in general have a conical tooth gap base, i.e., the tooth gap base width is variable.
  • the tooth gap is also conical in the general case.
  • the tooth gap base width is constant in normal section.
  • the required base cone angles are dependent in this case, for example, on the selected mean spiral angle and on the tool radius.
  • the maximum possible tooth base rounding can be generated in this case over the entire tooth width.
  • the tooth base rounding is also determined by the rounding off radius of the tool. If the tooth gap is now conical, the size of the head width of the tool and therefore also this rounding radius on the tool are thus oriented to the narrowest gap.
  • bevel gears having circular-arc-shaped flank longitudinal line (on the crown gear) are usually embodied having variable tooth height and conical or constant tooth gap
  • bevel gears having epicycloidal flank longitudinal line (on the crown gear) are embodied having constant tooth height and conical tooth gap.
  • gear teeth are generated having involutes as the flank longitudinal line and having constant tooth height.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide bevel gears and hypoid gears, which are simple and/or efficient to produce and which are to be as durable as possible.
  • the invention relates to bevel gears and hypoid gears having spiral gear teeth.
  • the base cone angle and head cone angle are selected or ascertained so that the tooth gap base width in normal section and therefore the distance of the epicycloids in the gap base in the normal section is constant from the concave and convex flanks. This statement also applies for lengthened and shortened epicycloids.
  • the advantages of the epicycloidal flank longitudinal line are combined with the advantages of a constant gap width.
  • the constant gap width enables a maximum tooth base radius to be formed.
  • the shape of the epicycloid is dependent on the cutter head radius and the cutter head gear number of the cutter head. This means that the base cone angle and the head cone angle can be determined in dependence on the cutter head radius and the cutter head gear number. Or, with predefined cone angle, the required cutter head of the cutter head can be determined.
  • bevel gears and hypoid gears of the invention are relatively stable.
  • the teeth frequently break off at the tooth base in gear wheels.
  • the tooth base carrying capacity is higher according to the invention, since greater tooth base rounding is possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of two teeth and a tooth gap of a spiral-toothed bevel gear or hypoid gear, wherein the tooth gap was ascertained artificially by concatenating a large number of normal sections.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a bevel pinion or hypoid pinion.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a bevel crown wheel or hypoid crown wheel.
  • FIG. 4A shows a schematic normal section through the generating crown gear at a 20% tooth width.
  • FIG. 4B shows a schematic normal section through the generating crown gear at a 50% tooth width.
  • FIG. 4C shows a schematic normal section through the generating crown gear at a 80% tooth width.
  • FIG. 5A shows a schematic transverse section through a generated tooth gap of a pinion at a 20% tooth width.
  • FIG. 5B shows a schematic transverse section of the pinion of FIG. 5A at a 50% tooth width.
  • FIG. 5C shows a schematic transverse section of the pinion of FIG. 5A at an 80% tooth width.
  • Bevel gears and hypoid gears 10 have spiral gear teeth. For the sake of simplicity, sometimes only gear wheels 10 are referred to hereafter.
  • hypoid gears Bevel gears which are designed for installation in a transmission with axial offset are referred to as hypoid gears.
  • the hypoid gear is a form of the spiral bevel gear.
  • the pinion and crown wheel axes of hypoid gears 10 do not run together in a point. The axes do not intersect as in the case of bevel gears, but rather they intersect in the case of hypoid gears.
  • Spiral gear teeth are gear teeth in which the flank longitudinal line has a curved profile.
  • the radius of curvature of the flank longitudinal line may be less than 20 times the tooth width, i.e., the curvature thereof is correspondingly large.
  • the tooth width is defined as the section of the indexing cone jacket line between the outer and the inner end faces of the teeth of the bevel gear 10 .
  • the transverse section is identical to the normal section. However, in the bevel gears and hypoid gears 10 having spiral gear teeth, the transverse sections also differ from the normal sections.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of gear teeth of a bevel gear 10 , which has two teeth on the right and left of a tooth gap 11 .
  • the illustration of FIG. 1 is derived from the ISO23509 standard. To be able to depict the spiral gear teeth in this form, the spiral gear teeth were decomposed by computer into a very large number of normal sections and these normal sections were laid one behind another in the style of transverse sections. The following terms are defined as follows according to this standard: tooth thickness Zd; tooth height Zh; tooth gap base width in the tooth base of the crown wheel e fn ; tooth gap width in the indexing cone plane e t .
  • the indexing cone and the indexing cone plane are important reference variables of a bevel gear 10 .
  • the tooth thickness Zd is defined on the indexing circle, as can be seen in FIG. 1 .
  • the profile or the shape of the tooth flanks 12 . 1 , 12 . 2 is described by the flank longitudinal line.
  • the flank longitudinal line of the corresponding generating crown wheel of the bevel gear gear teeth has the form of an epicycloid or it is derived from an epicycloid.
  • the generating crown wheel 10 . 3 is a bevel crown wheel, which can be used in the pairing with a counter wheel instead of the bevel gear 10 observed here.
  • the flank longitudinal line of the corresponding crown wheel 10 . 3 of the hypoid gear gear teeth has the form of an epicycloid or is derived from an epicycloid.
  • bevel gears or hypoid gears 10 which have spiral gear teeth having at least one tooth gap 11 .
  • This at least one tooth gap 11 is delimited by tooth flanks 12 . 1 , 12 . 2 .
  • the convex tooth flanks are identified with 12 . 1 in the figures and the concave tooth flanks are identified with 12 . 2 .
  • Each of these tooth flanks 12 . 1 , 12 . 2 has a flank longitudinal line in the form of an epicycloid.
  • the tooth gap 11 has a tooth gap base width e fn , which is constant, as was already explained on the basis of FIG. 1 .
  • the base cone angle and the head cone angle of the gear wheels 10 are intentionally selected or ascertained so that the tooth gap base width e fn is constant in normal section.
  • a gear wheel 10 is obtained, in which the distance of the epicycloids of the concave flank 12 . 2 and the convex flank 12 . 1 in the gap base of the tooth gap 11 is constant in normal section. This statement also applies to lengthened and shortened epicycloids.
  • the tooth gaps 11 of the gear wheels 10 are defined by teeth which have a conical tooth shape, as can be recognized in the figures.
  • the teeth of the gear wheels 10 can have a tooth height Zh which varies along the tooth width.
  • the tooth height Zh can also be constant in a special case, however.
  • a method for chip-removing manufacturing of at least one tooth gap of a bevel gear or hypoid gear workpiece can be used, which is executed in the continuous indexing method.
  • the indexing is thus performed continuously and all tooth gaps of a gear wheel 10 are generated quasi-simultaneously. Due to these coupled movements of the tool and the workpiece, an epicycloid results as the flank longitudinal line on the crown wheel 10 . 3 of the gear wheel 10 to be generated.
  • the invention may also be transferred to bevel gears or hypoid gears.
  • the flank longitudinal line of which on the crown wheel 10 . 3 of the gear wheel to be generated is a hypocycloid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
US14/938,220 2014-11-12 2015-11-11 Bevel gear or hypoid gear having conical tooth shape in the longitudinal direction and having constant tooth gap width in the base Abandoned US20160131241A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202014105422.7 2014-11-12
DE202014105422.7U DE202014105422U1 (de) 2014-11-12 2014-11-12 Kegelrad oder Hypoidrad mit konischer Zahnform in Längsrichtung und mit konstanter Zahnlückenweite imGrund

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US20160131241A1 true US20160131241A1 (en) 2016-05-12

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US14/938,220 Abandoned US20160131241A1 (en) 2014-11-12 2015-11-11 Bevel gear or hypoid gear having conical tooth shape in the longitudinal direction and having constant tooth gap width in the base

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Country Link
US (1) US20160131241A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3021006A3 (de)
JP (1) JP3202253U (de)
CN (1) CN205559725U (de)
DE (1) DE202014105422U1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022103513A1 (de) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-17 Man Truck & Bus Se Verfahren zum Verzahnen von verschieden großen Kegelrädern

Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB109962A (en) * 1916-11-30 1917-10-04 Erik Hjalmar Wingqvist An Improved Bevel Gear-wheel and Method of Manufacturing the same.
GB113966A (en) * 1917-03-08 1918-07-04 Erik Hjalmar Wingqvist Improvements in Gear Wheels and Method of Manufacturing same.
US1685442A (en) * 1926-06-03 1928-09-25 Gleason Works Method of producing bevel gears
US1694028A (en) * 1928-12-04 wildhaber
US1822846A (en) * 1929-04-17 1931-09-08 Gleason Works Method of and device for improving gears
DE820826C (de) * 1948-12-23 1951-11-12 Klingelnberg Soehne Ferd Waelzverfahren und Waelzwerkzeug zum Verzahnen von Kegelraedern mit Bogenzaehnen
US3444655A (en) * 1964-01-15 1969-05-20 Heidenreich & Harbeck Gmbh Method of forming bevel gears
US4514118A (en) * 1980-08-12 1985-04-30 Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Buhrle Ag Method for fabricating gears
US4664569A (en) * 1984-11-23 1987-05-12 Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Buhrle Ag Gear cutting method and machine for cutting spiral bevel gears and contrate gear face clutches
US6050883A (en) * 1996-05-10 2000-04-18 Klingelnberg Sohne Gmbh Method of grinding the teeth of spiral-toothed bevel gear wheels
US20020083787A1 (en) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-04 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Hypoid gears a drive-on-coast application
US20090241710A1 (en) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-01 Enplas Corporation Spiral bevel gear and gear device
US20100111628A1 (en) * 2007-04-26 2010-05-06 Hpg Nederland B.V. Method for Designing and Manufacturing a Gear
US20100111629A1 (en) * 2008-10-30 2010-05-06 Klingelnberg Ag Universally usable bar cutter head and use thereof
US20120021863A1 (en) * 2010-07-22 2012-01-26 Wagner Yukio Hirao Hypoid gear set for drive axle
US20120048048A1 (en) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 Benedict Dale K Controlled relative radius of curvature forged bevel gears with involute section

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE528994A (de) *
DE102005050794A1 (de) * 2005-10-24 2007-04-26 Bgi Automotive Bevel Gear Industries Gmbh & Co. Kg Hochübersetzendes Kegelradgetriebe
EP2314405B1 (de) * 2009-10-05 2012-12-26 Klingelnberg AG Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Kegelrädern mit Hypozykloidverzahnung im kontinuierlichen Formverfahren unter Verwendung entsprechender Werkzeuge

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1694028A (en) * 1928-12-04 wildhaber
GB109962A (en) * 1916-11-30 1917-10-04 Erik Hjalmar Wingqvist An Improved Bevel Gear-wheel and Method of Manufacturing the same.
GB113966A (en) * 1917-03-08 1918-07-04 Erik Hjalmar Wingqvist Improvements in Gear Wheels and Method of Manufacturing same.
US1685442A (en) * 1926-06-03 1928-09-25 Gleason Works Method of producing bevel gears
US1822846A (en) * 1929-04-17 1931-09-08 Gleason Works Method of and device for improving gears
DE820826C (de) * 1948-12-23 1951-11-12 Klingelnberg Soehne Ferd Waelzverfahren und Waelzwerkzeug zum Verzahnen von Kegelraedern mit Bogenzaehnen
US3444655A (en) * 1964-01-15 1969-05-20 Heidenreich & Harbeck Gmbh Method of forming bevel gears
US4514118A (en) * 1980-08-12 1985-04-30 Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Buhrle Ag Method for fabricating gears
US4664569A (en) * 1984-11-23 1987-05-12 Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Buhrle Ag Gear cutting method and machine for cutting spiral bevel gears and contrate gear face clutches
US6050883A (en) * 1996-05-10 2000-04-18 Klingelnberg Sohne Gmbh Method of grinding the teeth of spiral-toothed bevel gear wheels
US20020083787A1 (en) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-04 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Hypoid gears a drive-on-coast application
US20100111628A1 (en) * 2007-04-26 2010-05-06 Hpg Nederland B.V. Method for Designing and Manufacturing a Gear
US20090241710A1 (en) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-01 Enplas Corporation Spiral bevel gear and gear device
US20100111629A1 (en) * 2008-10-30 2010-05-06 Klingelnberg Ag Universally usable bar cutter head and use thereof
US20120021863A1 (en) * 2010-07-22 2012-01-26 Wagner Yukio Hirao Hypoid gear set for drive axle
US20120048048A1 (en) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 Benedict Dale K Controlled relative radius of curvature forged bevel gears with involute section

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3202253U (ja) 2016-01-28
DE202014105422U1 (de) 2014-11-19
EP3021006A2 (de) 2016-05-18
CN205559725U (zh) 2016-09-07
EP3021006A3 (de) 2016-10-19

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AS Assignment

Owner name: KLINGELNBERG AG, SWITZERLAND

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MUELLER, HARTMUTH;HUENECKE, CARSTEN;REEL/FRAME:037140/0069

Effective date: 20151118

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION