Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
  • C08K5/092—Polycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
  • C08K5/098—Metal salts of carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
  • C08K3/346—Clay
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/14—Peroxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
  • C08L23/12—Polypropene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/16—Elastomeric ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers, e.g. EPR and EPDM rubbers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/24—Crystallisation aids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
  • C08L2207/02—Heterophasic composition

Definitions

• the invention relates to a nucleating composition comprising a salt of a metal or organic cation of a cyclic dicarboxylic acid as a first nucleating agent.
• the invention also relates to a thermoplastic polymer composition comprising said nucleating composition.
• the invention further relates to a shaped article comprising said thermoplastic polymer composition.
• thermoplastic composition comprising a polyolefin; a nucleating agent comprising a dicarboxylate salt compound, e.g.
• bicyclic[2.2.1]heptane dicarboxylate salt available from Milliken & Company under the trade name Hyperform® HPN-68; a first fatty acid salt having a first cationic counter ion selected from the group consisting of calcium, sodium, lithium and barium, e.g. calcium stearate; and a second fatty acid salt having a second cationic counter ion selected from the group of magnesium, aluminium and zinc, e.g. zinc stearate.
• Nucleating agents are chemical compounds or compositions that enable faster nucleation or a higher crystallization temperature of thermoplastic polymers, resulting in productivity gains during their processing and in improved mechanical and physical properties of articles made from such thermoplastics. These compounds provide nucleation sites for crystal growth during cooling of a thermoplastic molten composition.
• a nucleating agent such as talc and carboxylate salts, e.g. sodium benzoate.
• nucleating agents are highly unpredictable technology area. Small changes in a molecular structure of the nucleator can drastically alter the ability of a nucleating agent to nucleate effectively a polymer composition. There are still many unknowns regarding the effect of a nucleating agent on polymer morphology during (re-)crystallization of thermoplastics.
• a nucleating composition is known from document EP 1379368 B1.
• This document discloses at least one metal salt of hexahydrophthalic acid (HHPA), e.g. calcium, strontium, lithium and monobasic aluminium salt, to be used as nucleating agent to produce thermoplastic compositions showing improved crystallization behavior.
• HHPA hexahydrophthalic acid
• thermoplastic composition comprising a polyolefin; a nucleating agent comprising a dicarboxylate salt compound, e.g.
• bicyclic[2.2.1]heptane dicarboxylate salt available from Milliken & Company under the trade name Hyperform® HPN-68; a first fatty acid salt having a first cationic counter ion selected from the group consisting of calcium, sodium, lithium and barium, e.g. calcium stearate; and a second fatty acid salt having a second cationic counter ion selected from the group of magnesium, aluminium and zinc, e.g. zinc stearate.
• thermoplastic composition such as the flexural modulus and the impact strength.
• nucleating composition comprising:
• nucleating composition of present invention results in highly improved mechanical properties such as stiffness and impact.
• HDT heat deflection temperature
• Additional advantages of the nucleating composition according to the present invention include a lower shrinkage caused by temperature change of shaped articles made from a nucleated thermoplastic polymer composition, as determined by Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (CLTE) measured according to ASTM D696.
• CLTE measures the change in length per unit length of a material per unit change in temperature. Expressed as in/in/° F. or cm/cm/° C., the CLTE is used to calculate the dimensional change resulting from thermal expansion. CLTE is especially important when components of an assembly have widely varying thermal expansion coefficients. Thermal expansion of a material is another important design factor, particularly in applications where plastic parts composed of polymer components are mated with metal parts or parts having metal inserts. Shrinkage can also be determined according to ISO 294-4 (shrinkage 3-D).
• the advantages of the nucleating composition according to the present invention include one or combinations of the following favorable properties: flexural modulus, impact strength, CLTE and shrinkage.
• the first nucleating agent in the composition according to the present invention comprises a calcium cis-hexahydrophthalate compound of Formula (I).
• Hyperform® HPN-20ETM nucleating agent commercialized by Milliken comprises such a calcium cis-hexahydrophthalate compound of Formula (I) and a stearate-containing compound as acid scavenger, e.g. zinc stearate.
• the nucleating composition according to the present invention comprises talc as second nucleating agent.
• Talc is a common additive in industry, mostly used as reinforcing agent or filler and also as nucleating agent for various polymer compositions.
• Talc typically is considered a filler when employed in relatively high amounts, for example of about from 10 to 50 wt %, based on the total polymer composition. When talc is used under 5 wt %, it is no longer considered a filler but acts as nucleating agent.
• Talc may be employed in present invention in powder form, preferably having a particle size distribution defined by a d 50 of from 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m; more preferably of from 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m; or from 0.7 to 8 ⁇ m to improve its nucleating behaviour.
• the first nucleating agent and the second nucleating agent can be present in the nucleating composition according to the invention in widely varying amounts, for example in a weight ratio of from 1:1200 to 2:1; preferably in a ratio of from 1:500 to 1:1; more preferably in a ratio of from 1:100 to 1:2; even more preferably in a ratio of from 1:50 to 1:5.
• the advantage of adding these components within these ratio limits lies in the possibility to control dimensional stability at fast cycle times and mechanical properties.
• the nucleating composition may be employed as powder, dry mix or liquid blend. It may be also mixed with other additives to form an additive pre-blend or it may be blended with a binder material in low concentrations, such as a wax or thermoplastic polymer that is compatible with the polymer for which the composition is intended to serve as nucleating agent.
• the nucleating composition can also be combined with a thermoplastic polymer as a masterbatch or concentrate.
• These blends may be provided, optionally, with acid scavengers and other additives, such as stabilizers; primary and secondary antioxidants.
• Suitable acid scavengers can include zinc stearate, calcium stearate or other stearate-based compounds, and hydrotalcite.
• thermoplastic polymer composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer and the nucleating composition according to present invention.
• thermoplastic refers to a polymeric material that melts upon exposure to sufficiently high temperatures, but re-solidifies (crystallizes) upon cooling. “Thermoplastic” particularly defines polymers having (semi-)crystalline morphology upon cooling.
• thermoplastic polymers include polyamides, such as polyamide-6, polyamide-6,6 or polyamide-4,6; polyolefins like polypropylenes, polyethylenes, polybutylene; polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate; polyphenylene sulphide; polyurethanes; as well as any type of polymer blends and compounds and any combinations thereof.
• the thermoplastic polymer is a crystallisable polypropylene, like a propylene homopolymer, a random copolymer, or a so-called heterophasic or impact copolymer of propylene and ethylene and/or another alpha-olefin.
• the thermoplastic polymer is a heterophasic polypropylene copolymer.
• Such copolymer basically has at least a two-phase structure, consisting of a propylene-based semi-crystalline matrix and a dispersed elastomer phase, typically an ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR).
• EPR ethylene-propylene rubber
• These polypropylenes are generally prepared in one or more reactors, by polymerization of propylene in the presence of a catalyst system, and subsequent polymerization of a propylene-ethylene mixture; but can also be made by blending different (co)polymers.
• the resulting polymeric materials are heterophasic; studies have demonstrated the presence of four phases in heterophasic propylene-based copolymers: crystalline polypropylene, amorphous polypropylene, crystalline ethylene-propylene rubber, and amorphous ethylene-propylene rubber.
• the advantage of such polymer is improved impact resistance, especially at lower temperatures.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer comprises from 60 to 92 wt % of a matrix phase comprising a propylene homopolymer and/or a propylene copolymer comprising at least 90 wt % of propylene and up to 10 wt % of ethylene and/or at least one C 4 to C 10 alpha-olefin, and from 8 to 40 wt % of dispersed phase comprising an ethylene-alpha-olefin elastomer comprising from 40 to 65 wt % of ethylene and from 35 to 60 wt % of at least one C 3 to C 10 alpha-olefin, preferably propylene.
• the percentage of matrix and dispersed component is based on the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer; comonomer contents are based on copolymer component.
• the matrix phase is a propylene homopolymer and the mass dispersed phase is an ethylene-alpha-olefin elastomer comprising from 40 to 65 wt % of ethylene and from 35 to 60 wt % of propylene.
• the thermoplastic polymer composition according to present invention preferably contains of from 0.0025 to 0.1 wt % of the first nucleating agent based on the total thermoplastic polymer composition.
• a certain minimum amount of the first nucleating agent is needed to effectively influence nucleating behaviour and properties the polymer composition further comprising talc as nucleating agent; preferably, the nucleating composition contains therefore at least 0.004, 0.005, 0.008, 0.01 wt % of the first nucleating agent. Further increasing the amount of the first nucleating agent in the composition to above 0.1 wt % would hardly contribute to improving the properties of final product.
• the nucleating composition thus contains at most 0.08, 0.06, 0.05, 0.03 wt % of the first nucleating agent. It is a special advantage of the present invention that a relatively low amount of the first nucleating agent can be applied, in combination with the talc-based second nucleating agent; giving not only improved performance but also reducing costs.
• the amount of talc used as second nucleating agent in the polymer composition is preferably of from 0.1 to 5 wt %, more preferably from 0.2 to 4 wt %; or from 0.3 to 3 wt %, based on the total thermoplastic polymer composition.
• a certain minimum amount of talc is necessary to provide nucleating effect and good mechanical characteristics, such as stiffness.
• the nucleation composition contains thus at least 0.2, 0.3 or even 0.5 wt % of talc. If the nucleating composition would contain more than 3 wt % of talc, the additional amount might only behave as filler agent.
• the nucleation composition contains therefore at most 4 or 3 wt % of talc.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer of the thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention preferably has a MFI of at least 1 as determined by ISO 1133 at 230° C.; 2.16 kg.
• the thermoplastic polymer composition further comprises an organic peroxide.
• Organic peroxides are known to be used for viscosity reduction. There are different ways in which the organic peroxides behave in conventional degradation processes upon heating and melting conditions. On one hand, under certain process conditions, the peroxides initially decompose to produce free radicals, which then abstract hydrogen from a tertiary carbon of the polypropylene backbone to form free radicals on the polymer, and which further recombine. On the other hand, peroxides initiate a breakage of the longest chains of the polymer molecules and, subsequently, this results in a decrease in viscosity of the polymer, an increase in melt flow rate, and a narrower molecular weight distribution, characteristics which are directly responsible for improved flow properties of polypropylene in order to make the product more suitable for certain applications. The extent of each type of behaviour is generally influenced by the nature and concentration of the peroxide.
• Suitable for present invention are organic peroxides having a decomposition half-life of less than 1 minute at the average process temperature during formation of the modified polypropylene compositions.
• Suitable organic peroxides include dialkyl peroxides, e.g. dicumyl peroxides, peroxyketals, peroxycarbonates, diacyl peroxides, peroxyesters and peroxydicarbonates.
• a dialkyl peroxides is employed in the process according to the present invention. More preferably, the peroxide is ⁇ , ⁇ ′-bis-(tert-butylperoxy)diisopropylbenzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)-hexane or 3,6,9-Triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1,4,7-triperoxonane.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer of the thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention may have a MFI of at least 1 and less than 10 dg/min.
• the propylene homopolymer of the matrix phase has a MFI of at least 1 and less than 50 dg/min, e.g. 1 to 10 dg/min.
• the ethylene-alpha-olefin elastomer of the dispersed phase has a MFI of 0.01 to 0.5 dg/min.
• the mass dispersed phase may be an ethylene-alpha-olefin elastomer comprising from 40 to 60 wt % of ethylene and from 40 to 60 wt % of propylene.
• the polypropylene composition comprising such a heterophasic propylene copolymer was found to show a very high impact strength as well as a high flexural modulus.
• the mass dispersed phase may be an ethylene-alpha-olefin elastomer comprising from 60 to 65 wt % of ethylene and from 35 to 40 wt % of propylene.
• the polypropylene composition comprising such a heterophaseic propylene copolymer was found to show an extremely high impact strength.
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer has a MFI of at least 1 and less than 10 dg/min preferably has a MFI of at least 5 and less than 30 dg/min.
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer has a MFI of at least 1 and less than 10 dg/min preferably has a flexural modulus L of at least 1000 MPa, preferably at least 1100 MPa, more preferably at least 1200 MPa.
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer has a MFI of at least 1 and less than 10 dg/min preferably has a flexural modulus II of at least 1000 MPa, preferably at least 1100 MPa, more preferably at least 1200 MPa.
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention has a high impact strength.
• impact strength is determined by measuring the Izod impact strength at 23° C. according to ISO 180 4A, Test geometry: 65*12.7*3.2 mm, notch 45° according to ISO 37/2 parallel and perpendicular orientation.
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer has a MFI of at least 1 and less than 10 dg/min preferably has an Izod impact strength L (23° C., kJ/m2) of at least 55, preferably at least 60.
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer has a MFI of at least 1 and less than 10 dg/min preferably has an Izod impact strength II (23° C., kJ/m2) of at least 5, preferably at least 6, more preferably at least 7, more preferably at least 8.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer may have a MFI of at least 10 dg/min, preferably at most 90 dg/min, e.g. 20 to 50 dg/min, as determined by ISO 1133 at 230° C.; 2.16 kg.
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention comprising this type of propylene copolymer is typically used in thin wall packing applications both for food and non-food segments. This includes pails and containers and yellow fats/margarine tubs and dairy cups. Materials have a good heat deflection temperature making it particularly suitable for hot fill applications.
• the composition according to the invention combine a high crystallization temperature, good flow behaviour in combination with an improved stiffness and good impact performance, also at low temperatures. Accordingly, the present invention relates to thin wall packing applications comprising the thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention comprising this type of propylene copolymer.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer having a MFI of at least 10 d/gmin as determined by ISO 1133 at 230° C.; 2.16 kg comprises from 60 to 80 wt %, more preferably 65 to 75 wt %, of a matrix phase comprising a propylene homopolymer and/or a propylene copolymer comprising at least 90 wt % of propylene and up to 10 wt % of ethylene and/or at least one C 4 to C 10 alpha-olefin, and from 20 to 40 wt % of, more preferably 25 to 35 wt %, of dispersed phase comprising an ethylene-alpha-olefin elastomer comprising from 40 to 65 wt % of ethylene and from 35 to 60 wt % of at least one C 3 to C 10 alpha-olefin, preferably propylene.
• the thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention comprising this type of propylene copo
• the propylene homopolymer of the matrix phase has a MFI of at least 50 dg/min, preferably at least 75 dg/min and preferably at most 90 dg/min.
• the ethylene-alpha-olefin elastomer of the dispersed phase has a MFI of 0.1 to 10 dg/min, e.g. 0.3 to 5 dg/min.
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer has a MFI of at least 10 dg/min preferably has a MFI of at least 30 dg/min, e.g. 40 to 60 dg/min.
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer has a MFI of at least 10 dg/min preferably has a flexural modulus L of at least 1400 MPa, more preferably at least 1500 MPa.
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer has a MFI of at least 10 dg/min preferably has a flexural modulus II of 1400 MPa, more preferably at least 1500 MPa.
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer has a MFI of at least 10 dg/min preferably has an Izod impact strength L (23° C., kJ/m2) of at least 5, preferably at least 6.
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer has a MFI of at least 10 dg/min preferably has an Izod impact strength II ( ⁇ 20° C., kJ/m2) of at least 5, preferably at least 6
• the thermoplastic polymer according to the invention may contain other additives, of which suitable example include clarifiers, stabilizers, e.g. UV stabilizers, acid scavenger, release agents, plasticizers, anti-oxidants, lubricants, anti-statics, scratch resistance agents, recycling additives, coupling agents, anti-microbials, anti-fogging additives, slip additives, anti-blocking additives, polymer processing aids, organic peroxides to control melt rheology, and the like.
• suitable example include clarifiers, stabilizers, e.g. UV stabilizers, acid scavenger, release agents, plasticizers, anti-oxidants, lubricants, anti-statics, scratch resistance agents, recycling additives, coupling agents, anti-microbials, anti-fogging additives, slip additives, anti-blocking additives, polymer processing aids, organic peroxides to control melt rheology, and the like.
• Such additives are well known in the art. The
• thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention may also contain one or more of usual additives, like those mentioned above, including stabilisers, e.g. heat stabilisers, anti-oxidants, UV stabilizers; colorants, like pigments and dyes; clarifiers; surface tension modifiers; lubricants; flame-retardants; mould-release agents; flow improving agents; plasticizers; anti-static agents; impact modifiers; blowing agents;
• stabilisers e.g. heat stabilisers, anti-oxidants, UV stabilizers; colorants, like pigments and dyes; clarifiers; surface tension modifiers; lubricants; flame-retardants; mould-release agents; flow improving agents; plasticizers; anti-static agents; impact modifiers; blowing agents;
• additives and additive amounts without undue experimentation.
• the amount of additives depends on their type and function; typically is of from 0 to about 30 wt %; preferably of from 0 to about 20 wt %; more preferably of from 0 to about 10 wt % and most preferably of from 0 to about 5 wt % based on the total composition.
• thermoplastic polymer composition of the invention is in pellet or granular form as obtained by mixing all components in an apparatus like an extruder; the advantage being a composition with homogeneous and well-defined concentrations of the nucleating agents (and other components).
• thermoplastic polymer composition may then be processed by any conventional technique known in the art into a shaped article. Suitable examples include injection moulding, injection blow moulding, injection stretch blow moulding, rotational moulding, compression moulding, extrusion and extrusion compression moulding, extrusion blow moulding, sheet extrusion, film extrusion, cast film extrusion, foam extrusion, and thermoforming.
• the invention therefore further relates to a shaped article comprising the thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention.
• suitable articles include shells, crates, boxes, appliances automotive exterior parts like bumpers, automotive interior parts like instrument panels and automotive parts under the bonnet.
• suitable articles include thin wall packing applications both for food and non-food segments, including pails and containers and yellow fats/margarine tubs and dairy cups.
• This material is a propylene heterophasic copolymer having a propylene polymer matrix wherein the propylene-based matrix (in this case a propylene homopolymer) is present in an amount of 75.5 wt % based on the total heterophasic propylene copolymer and 24.5 wt % of an ethylene-propylene copolymer consisting of 56.5 wt % of ethylene.
• the heterophasic propylene copolymer (4.1 kg) was extruded in a twin screw ZE21 extruder with 2.5 wt % talcum (Imerys steamic OOSD/G fine talcum) and this material was shifted with 0.12 wt % (based on the total composition) Luperco 802PP40 (di(tert-butylperoxyisopropylbenzene) as the peroxide to the desired melt flow index for the finished material.
• the formulation of these materials contained in addition 500 ppm of the processing aid Calcium stearate, 2000 ppm of the stabilizer Irganox B225 and 500 ppm HPN20E.
• the talcum, peroxide, calcium stearate, Irganox B225 and nucleating agent were mixed with the heterophasic copolymer prior to dosing it to the hopper of the extruder.
• stiffness is determined by measuring the flexural modulus according to ASTM D790-10. Flexural modulus was determined on 3.2 mm thick specimens according to ISO37/2, parallel and perpendicular orientation.
• impact strength is determined by measuring the Izod impact strength at 23° C. according to ISO 180 4A, Test geometry: 65*12.7*3.2 mm, notch 45° according to ISO 37/2 parallel and perpendicular orientation.
• melt flow rate also called melt flow index or melt index according to ISO1133 (2.16 kg/230° C.).
• CLTE is measured according to ASTM D696 in parallel and perpendicular direction. Two types of temperature changes are employed for the measurements: a temperature change from 20° C. to 80° C. and a temperature change from ⁇ 30° C. to 30° C.
• shrinkage 3-D is measured according to ISO 294-4. Two types of shrinkage are measured: shrinkage after 24 hours at 23° C. and shrinkage after 24 hours at 23° C. followed by 1 hour at 90° C.
• RC is the rubber content (propylene-ethylene copolymer) in the heterophasic copolymer
• RCC2 is the C2 (ethylene) content in the rubber part of the polymer.
• RC and RCC2 were measured with IR spectroscopy, which was calibrated using NMR according to known procedures.
• MFI heterophasic copolymer is the MFI of the starting heterophasic copolymer consisting of the matrix and the rubber.
• MFI final is the MFI of the final extruded composition of the heterophasic copolymer and additives such as talc, nucleating composition and peroxide.
• Comparison of CEx 1 and CEx 4 shows that ADK NA27 also increases the flexural modulus, but the izod impact L is decreased.
• Comparison of CEx 1, Ex 1 and CEx 5 also shows that the combination of talc and HPN20 results in increase of both flexural modulus and izod impact, whereas the combination of talc and ADK NA27 results only in increase of flexural modulus.
• the difference in flexural modulus L and flexural modulus II is small by the use of HPN20.
• the difference in flexural modulus L and flexural modulus II is larger when ADK NA27 is used.
• Comparison of CEx 1 and CEx 6, and CEx 7 and CEx 8 shows that the increase in the WI of the matrix leads to an increase in the flexural modulus and a large decrease in the izod impact strength.
• thermoplastic composition having a good flexural modulus and a sufficient level of impact strength.

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