US20150320756A1 - Treatments of coccidiosis with intramuscular triazine compositions - Google Patents

Treatments of coccidiosis with intramuscular triazine compositions Download PDF

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US20150320756A1
US20150320756A1 US14/650,052 US201314650052A US2015320756A1 US 20150320756 A1 US20150320756 A1 US 20150320756A1 US 201314650052 A US201314650052 A US 201314650052A US 2015320756 A1 US2015320756 A1 US 2015320756A1
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composition
toltrazuril
triazine
administered
human mammal
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Hamadi Karembe
Roman Krejci
Jérôme Guyonnet
Hannelie Cilliers
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Ceva Sante Animale SA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/53—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with three nitrogens as the only ring hetero atoms, e.g. chlorazanil, melamine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7135—Compounds containing heavy metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/26—Iron; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/08—Solutions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating coccidiosis in non-human mammals. More particularly, the invention relates to intramuscular compositions and methods for treating coccidiosis with triazines, in particular toltrazuril or ponazuril.
  • Triazines are commonly used in the veterinary industry to treat non-human mammals against a variety of diseases. Triazines are broad-spectrum antimicrobials that inhibit both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as some protozoa, such as coccidia.
  • Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract of animals, caused by coccidian protozoa such as e.g., Eimeria or Isospora .
  • the disease spreads from one animal to another by contact with infected feces or ingestion of infected tissue.
  • Diarrhea which may become bloody in severe cases, is the primary symptom.
  • Young animals such as piglets suffer severe symptoms, which may ultimately lead to death.
  • Triazines such as toltrazuril and ponazuril
  • Triazines are authorized agents for the treatment and control of coccidiosis. They are essentially administered to the animals by oral route.
  • EP116175 refers to a water miscible solution of a triazine for oral administration.
  • DE19603954 proposes triazine granules for oral administration and DE19824483 relates to semi-solid preparations which are applied orally.
  • EP2164496 relates to triazine-iron combination products. The triazine compound is administered orally, as a suspension.
  • Transdermal application as proposed in US2010/0179151 comprises a spot on formulation which is applied on the skin and taken up by passive percutaneous absorption. Such administration route does not allow a strict control of the dosage administered to each animal. Also, transdermal administration cannot be combined with other treatments which are given by injection (e.g., antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, anthelmintics, endectocides, minerals such as iron, or vitamins).
  • WO01/26660 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,465,460 relate to a sodium salt of triazine compounds and to compositions for oral or parenteral administration. According to this patent the sodium salt allows the use of lower doses of the compound.
  • different administration routes are mentioned, all of the experimental section is limited to intravenous and oral administration.
  • the patent indicates that several administrations and/or a sustained release dose are required for maintaining appropriate blood levels.
  • the patent proposes a starting dose and several maintenance doses, which need to be administered over several days.
  • oral administration is still preferred today because it is believed to provide the most appropriate pharmacokinetic profile of the drug, especially in young animals.
  • oral formulation requires substantive manipulation and cannot provide a strict dosage control, it is believed to ensure appropriate bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the triazine compounds.
  • oral administration prevents strict control of the dosage administered to each animal.
  • oral administration cannot be conveniently combined with other treatments which are given by injection (e.g., antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, anthelmintics, endectocides, minerals such as iron, or vitamins) at newborn to 3 days old piglets and therefore involves additional manipulation of the animals.
  • triazines in particular toltrazuril may be administered by intramuscular injection.
  • the inventors have found that full activity can be achieved with a single intramuscular injection of triazines, in particular toltrazuril, and that such administration in young piglets (newborn to 3 days old) can provide the required serum concentrations and release schedule of the active agent to protect the animal against infections with protozoans such as coccidia.
  • the intramuscular application modifies the pharmacokinetic profile of toltrazuril itself
  • toltrazuril-sulfone i.e ponazuril
  • the invention thus allows an efficient administration of triazines, in particular toltrazuril, even at very early stages of growth of the non-human animals.
  • the invention allows a combined administration of a triazine with other agents that are administered early by injection, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, anthelmintics, endectocides, minerals such as iron, or vitamins.
  • An object of the invention resides in a composition comprising a triazine, preferably toltrazuril, for use in treating coccidiosis or a related disease in a non-human animal, especially in a piglet, wherein said composition is administered by intramuscular injection.
  • a triazine preferably toltrazuril
  • Another object of the invention resides in a method for treating coccidiosis or a related diseases in a non-human animal, especially in a piglet, the method comprising the intramuscular injection to the animal of a composition comprising a triazine, preferably toltrazuril.
  • compositions of the invention are more preferably administered by a single intramuscular injection to the non-human mammal.
  • compositions of the invention are preferably administered to newborn to 3 days old animals, even more preferably newborn to 48 hours after birth.
  • compositions of the invention are preferably administered in a muscle of the neck or behind the ear.
  • composition may comprise further active agents, such as antibiotics, anthelmintics, endectocides, anti-inflammatory agents and/or vitamins, and/or minerals such as iron, for single, grouped, separated or sequential intramuscular injection.
  • active agents such as antibiotics, anthelmintics, endectocides, anti-inflammatory agents and/or vitamins, and/or minerals such as iron, for single, grouped, separated or sequential intramuscular injection.
  • the triazine and the other agents are combined in the same formulation for a single intramuscular injection.
  • a further object of the invention resides in a composition comprising a triazine, in particular toltrazuril and a further active agent, for use in treating coccidiosis or a related disease in a non-human animal, such as a piglet, wherein said composition is administered by intramuscular injection.
  • compositions of the invention comprise a triazine and iron, even more preferably toltrazuril and an iron complex.
  • the invention may be used to treat (e.g., prevent, retard, protect against, reduce or cure) coccidiosis or a related protozoan disease in non-human mammals.
  • the invention is used for the preventive treatment of coccidiosis in the non-human mammal, e.g., to protect the animal against onset or development of the disease.
  • the invention is particularly suited for protecting porcine, ovine and bovine against infectious diseases. It is particularly adapted for the treatment of a bovine or a porcine and more preferably a piglet. It may be used in adults or young animals, such as newborn to 10 days old mammals, preferably newborn to 3 days, more preferably newborn to 48 hours.
  • FIG. 1 Local reaction Score of treated and non-treated piglets
  • G1 Intramuscular 20 mg/kg by bodyweight (0.4 ml/kg);
  • G2 Intramuscular 40 mg/kg by bodyweight (1.2 ml/kg).
  • FIG. 2 Average weight gain of treated and non-treated piglets: G1: Intramuscular 20 mg/kg by bodyweight (0.4 ml/kg); G2: Intramuscular 40 mg/kg by bodyweight (1.2 ml/kg); G3: Oral 20 mg/kg by bodyweight (0.4 ml/kg); G4: Control, not treated;
  • FIG. 3 Fecal consistency of treated and non-treated piglets.
  • FIG. 4 Bodyweight change of treated and non-treated piglets following intramuscular injection of 20 mg/kg by bodyweight (Group 1); intramuscular injection of 40 mg/kg by bodyweight (Group 2); oral administration of 20 mg/kg by bodyweight (Group 3) or non-treated control (Group 4)
  • FIG. 5 Mean PK profile of toltrazuril and toltrazuril-sulfone following intramuscular injection of 20 mg/kg by bodyweight (A) or 40 mg/kg by bodyweight (B) toltrazuril, or following oral administration of 20 mg/kg by bodyweight toltrazuril (C).
  • FIG. 6 Structure of Triazine compounds.
  • the invention resides in novel compositions and methods for treating coccidiosis or related diseases in non-human mammals using intramuscular triazines, in particular toltrazuril.
  • triazine(s) designates a well-known class of active substances, especially against infections with coccidian.
  • Typical triazines for use in a method or composition of the invention are compounds of formula A or B below, of any purity, preferably having a purity of at least 90%, as well as any salt, ester, racemate, isomer, or prodrug, thereof:
  • R 1 is R 3 —SO 2 — or —S—
  • R 2 is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen or SO 2 N(CH 3 ) 2
  • R 3 is an haloalkyl
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently from each other a hydrogen or Cl atom
  • R 6 is fluorine or chlorine
  • Triazine compounds include more preferably triazinediones (formula A) and triazinetriones (formula B).
  • triazinediones include, without limitation, clazuril (R4 is Cl, R5 is H, R6 is Cl in formula A), diclazuril (R4 is Cl, R5 is Cl, R6 is Cl in formula A) or letrazuril (R4 is Cl, R5 is Cl, R6 is F in formula A).
  • Preferred 1,2,4-triazinediones are diclazuril and sulazuril.
  • Triazines for use in the present invention are, more preferably, triazinetriones of formula B, even more preferably wherein R2 is a C1 to C4 alkyl or alkoxy group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl), and/or R3 is a C1 to C3 perfluoroalkyl group (e.g., trifluoromethyl).
  • R2 is a C1 to C4 alkyl or alkoxy group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl)
  • R3 is a C1 to C3 perfluoroalkyl group (e.g., trifluoromethyl).
  • Toltrazuril (1-methyl-3-[3-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)tio)phenoxil]phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine(1H,3H,5H)-2,4,6-trione) is widely used in porcine, ovine, bovine and avian for the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis, by oral administration. It is currently available on the market as Cevazuril® or Baycox®. Methods for the preparation of toltrazuril are disclosed in various patents such as U.S. Pat. No. 4,219,552, U.S. Pat. No. 5,219,853, EP 0 201 030, and EP 0 879 057.
  • the chemical structure of toltrazuril is represented in formula (C) below:
  • the triazine(s) as defined is the present invention comprise(s) their salts such as for example sodium salts.
  • the term treatment includes, particularly, the preventive treatment of non-human animals against a disease.
  • the preventive treatment of an animal against a disease designates a treatment made before the animal has been exposed to or in contact with the causative agent of the disease (e.g., a pathogen, virus, protozoan, cell, etc.), or after said exposure/contact but before development of the symptoms or at an early stage of development of the disease.
  • the term preventive treatment in relation to a population of animals, designates the treatment of all members of the population even after the disease has been detected in certain members, to limit or avoid spreading of and contamination to the others.
  • the term treatment designates the protection of an animal against a disease, e.g., against the effect of an exposure to the causative agent, or against the development of the disease in exposed animals.
  • the invention is particularly suited to protect animals against an infectious disease such as a protozoan or microbial disease.
  • treatment also includes an increase in the welfare of the treated animals, for example in increasing the production of meat, milk, wool, etc.
  • treatment or preventive treatment also includes the alleviation of the symptoms, as well as a delay, reduction or cure of an existing infection.
  • Coccidiosis includes any disease caused by a coccidian protozoan.
  • Coccidiosis specifically includes parasitic diseases of the intestinal tract of animals caused by coccidian protozoa such as e.g., Eimeria or Isospora .
  • Coccidiosis typically manifests by diarrhea and/or fever. The disease can spread from one animal to another by contact with infected feces or ingestion of infected tissue.
  • coccidiosis For example in piglets, the predominant sign of coccidiosis is diarrhea, which usually persists for 4 to 6 days. The faeces may vary from white to yellow in color and from a fluid to a pasty consistency, usually without the presence of blood. Coccidiosis predisposes the piglet to the incidence of secondary bacterial infections and severely affected piglets may die.
  • Coccidiosis reduces growth by about 15% on average, that is, minimum 500 g at weaning age, and this contributes to weaning herds that are highly heterogenous
  • Coccidiosis are frequent parasitic infectious diseases in animals.
  • protozoans from the genera Eimeria, Isospora, Neospora, Sarcosporidia, cryptosporidium, Hammondia, besnoitia, hepatozoon and Toxoplasma cause coccidiosis and protozoal diseases all over the world.
  • the invention may be used, in particular, to prevent coccidiosis and protozoal diseases caused by various protozoans such as, more particularly, Mastigophora ( Flagellata ), Sarcomastigophora (Rhizopoda), Myxospora, Microspora , or pneumocystis carinii .
  • Mastigophora include Trypanosomatidae such as, without limitation, Trypanosoma brucei, T. gambiense, T. rhodesiense, T. congolense, T. cruzi, T. evansi , or T. equinum .
  • Sarcomastigophora examples include Entamoebidae and Apicomplexa (Sporozoa) such as Eimeridae, for example E. acervuline, E. adenoides, E. alabahmensis, E. anatis, E. anseris, E. arloingi, E. ashata, E. auburnensis, E. bovis, E. brunetti, E. canis, E. chinchillae, E. clupearum, E. columbae, E. contorta, E. crandalis, E. debliecki, E. dispersa, E. ellipsoidales, E.
  • Eimeridae for example E. acervuline, E. adenoides, E. alabahmensis, E. anatis, E. anseris, E. arloingi, E. ashata, E. auburnensis, E. bovis, E. brun
  • Examples of economically important coccidioses are: infections of pigs with coccidia of the genus Isospora or of cattle with coccidia of the genus Eimeria.
  • the invention is effective against all stages of development of the pathogen.
  • anemia includes any iron deficiency.
  • An object of the invention resides in a composition comprising a triazine, preferably toltrazuril, for use in treating coccidiosis or a related disease in a non-human mammal by intramuscular injection.
  • a triazine preferably toltrazuril
  • Another object of the invention resides in a method for treating coccidiosis or a related disease in a non-human mammal, the method comprising the intramuscular injection of a composition comprising a triazine, preferably toltrazuril, to said piglet.
  • a particular object of the invention resides in a composition comprising a triazine for use to protect a non-human mammal against coccidiosis, wherein said composition is administered by intramuscular injection.
  • Another object of the invention resides in a method to protect a non-human mammal against coccidiosis, the method comprising the intramuscular injection of a composition comprising a triazine to said non-human mammal.
  • the triazine is preferably a derivative of 1,2,4-triazinedione or a derivative of 1,3,5-triazinetrione, and, more preferably, is toltrazuril.
  • an important aspect of the invention resides in the intramuscular administration route.
  • the invention shows that intramuscular triazine, even after a single administration, provide effective protective effect in the treated animals, without the need for repeated injections or for long-term or slow release formulations.
  • the invention shows intramuscular triazines may be combined with further intramuscular active agents so that an effective treatment is obtained without imposing additional manipulations to the animals.
  • compositions of the invention may be administered by intramuscular injection(s) using techniques and/or devices known per se in the art.
  • intramuscular injection can be performed with a syringe, a gun, a micro-needle injection device, a needle-free injection device, a pulse device, etc.
  • injection is performed with a needle injector or a syringe.
  • injection is performed with a needle-free injection device such as a pulse needle-free system, more particularly a spring-powered, battery-powered, or compressed-gas-powered device.
  • Specific examples of needle free technologies are described e.g., in WO2006/058426, WO2007/140610, or WO2009/111794.
  • a preferred needle-free injection device for use in the present invention is AcuShotTM needle free technology described in the international patents WO2006/058426 and WO2007/140610.
  • Intramuscular injection may be made in any muscle.
  • intramuscular injection is preferably made in the area of the neck, or behind the ear, rather than in the hind limb/ham muscle or in the inguinal fold.
  • the results presented show that intramuscular triazines exhibit potent therapeutic effect when administered in the area of the neck.
  • an object of the invention resides in a composition comprising a triazine for use in the preventive treatment of coccidiosis in a non-human mammal, wherein said composition is administered by intramuscular injection in the neck or behind the ear.
  • a further object of the invention resides in a composition comprising a triazine for use to protect a non-human mammal against coccidiosis, wherein said composition is administered by intramuscular injection in the neck or behind the ear.
  • Another object of the invention resides in a method to protect a non-human mammal against coccidiosis, the method comprising the intramuscular injection of a composition comprising an effective amount of a triazine in the neck or behind the ear of said mammal.
  • the animal has not been exposed yet to the causative agent of coccidiosis and the method can be used to prevent or reduce infection.
  • the animal has already been exposed to the causative agent and the treatment is used to prevent or delay development of the disease and symptoms, or to reduce or cure the disease, or to avoid/limit disease spreading.
  • compositions of the invention are more preferably administered by a single intramuscular injection to the non-human mammal.
  • the results show that a single intramuscular injection is sufficient to protect a non-human mammal against coccidiosis.
  • a protective effect is obtained at day 3-5, when the first disease symptoms are expected to appear.
  • the intramuscular triazine of the invention is administered in newborn to 3 days old non-human mammals (e.g. piglets), even more preferably between newborn to 48 hours after birth, so as to ensure a most efficient protection than an oral administration at the same time (newborn to 3 days old).
  • non-human mammals e.g. piglets
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention resides in a composition comprising a triazine for use to protect a non-human mammal from coccidiosis, wherein said composition is administered by a single intramuscular injection, preferably in the neck or behind the ear.
  • Another object of the invention resides in a method for protecting a non-human mammal against coccidiosis, the method comprising a single intramuscular injection, preferably in the neck or behind the ear, of a composition comprising an effective amount of a triazine to said mammal.
  • the dose of triazine may vary depending on the non-human mammal species and nature of the triazine. Conventional dosage rates from 1 to 60 mg of triazine per kg bodyweight (mg/kg) of the animal may be used, preferably 5 to 50 mg/kg, and more preferably from 10 to 30 mg/kg. Illustrative dosages in the compositions of the invention are 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg or 60 mg toltrazuril/dose.
  • an effective amount of designates, preferably, a dose of the active agent which produces a clinical benefit in the treated animals.
  • an effective amount is an amount sufficient to reduce infection, disease development, or to improve the symptoms.
  • Preferred dosages for intramuscular toltrazuril are disclosed below, for different non-human mammal species:
  • pigs 20 mg/kg bodyweight/treatment (preferably one single administration); . cattle: 15 mg/kg bodyweight/treatment (preferably one single administration); . sheep: 20 mg/kg bodyweight/treatment (preferably one single administration).
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention resides in a composition comprising from 1 to 60 mg toltrazuril per kg bodyweight for use in protecting a non-human mammal against coccidiosis, wherein said composition is administered by a single intramuscular injection, preferably in the neck or behind the ear.
  • Another object of the invention resides in a method for protecting a non-human mammal against coccidiosis, the method comprising a single intramuscular injection, preferably in the neck or behind the ear, of a composition comprising from 1 to 60 mg toltrazuril per kg bodyweight to said non-human mammal.
  • the composition may be formulated as a solution or suspension, or any form suitable for intramuscular injection.
  • the compositions are preferably suspensions.
  • the compositions may further comprise veterinary acceptable excipient(s) such as solvents, solubilizers, antioxidants, preservatives, thickeners, anti-foaming agents, etc.
  • Suitable solvents include, without limitation, physiologically acceptable water, alcohols, esters, vegetable oils; and mixtures thereof, in isotonic solutions.
  • Solubilizers include, e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone.
  • antioxidants include ascorbic acid, gallic acid esters, and sulphitess; and suitable preservatives include, without limitation, benzyl alcohol, n-butanol, benzalkonium chloride, benzoic acid or citric acid.
  • Anti-foaming agents include without limitation oil carrier such as mineral oil, vegetable oil, white oil or any other oil that is insoluble in the foaming medium, silicone oil, simethicone emulsion, wax and/or hydrophobic silica such as ethylene bis stearamide (EBS), paraffinic waxes, ester waxe, silica, fatty alcohol, fatty acid soaps or esters, silicone compound, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol copolymers and alkyl polyacrylates.
  • oil carrier such as mineral oil, vegetable oil, white oil or any other oil that is insoluble in the foaming medium
  • silicone oil simethicone emulsion
  • wax and/or hydrophobic silica such as ethylene bis stearamide (EBS), paraffinic waxes, ester waxe, silica, fatty alcohol, fatty acid soaps or esters, silicone compound, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol copolymers and alkyl polyacrylates.
  • EBS ethylene bis
  • composition for use in the invention is a suspension comprising toltrazuril (between 10 to 30 mg toltrazuril per kg bodyweight) in water, and an anti-foaming agent.
  • a specific example of a suspension composition for use in the invention comprises 30 mg of toltrazuril, 3 mg of docusate sodium, 100 mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 100 mg of ethanol and water qs for 1 ml.
  • the composition may comprise further active agents, such as antibiotics, anthelmintics, endectocides, anti-inflammatory agents, vitamins, and/or mineral(s) such as iron, for single, grouped, separated or sequential intramuscular injection.
  • active agents such as antibiotics, anthelmintics, endectocides, anti-inflammatory agents, vitamins, and/or mineral(s) such as iron, for single, grouped, separated or sequential intramuscular injection.
  • the triazine and the other agent(s) are combined in the same formulation for a single intramuscular injection.
  • the other agent is or comprises iron, preferably an iron complex.
  • iron preferably an iron complex.
  • the most common preparations accepted today comprise a combined product of ferric oxyhydroxide (or ferric hydroxide) in association with a saccharide, notably dextran or dextrin.
  • Additional iron preparations are known, such as iron-sucrose, iron-oligosaccharide and iron-gluconate compounds.
  • iron complexes examples include an aqueous colloidal solution of beta-ferric oxyhydroxide and dextran glucoheptonic acid (Gleptoferron commercialized under the trademark Gleptosil® or Ursoferran®); a ferric hydroxide with a low molecular weight dextran (commercialized under the trademark Uniferon® or Dexafer®); a ferric hydroxide with macromolecular dextran (commercialized under the trademark Ferroforte®); or a ferric compound of type I.
  • Gleptoferron commercialized under the trademark Gleptosil® or Ursoferran®
  • a ferric hydroxide with a low molecular weight dextran commercialized under the trademark Uniferon® or Dexafer®
  • Ferric hydroxide with macromolecular dextran commercialized under the trademark Ferroforte®
  • ferric compound of type I examples include an aqueous colloidal solution of beta-ferric oxyhydroxide and
  • the composition of the invention is a suspension comprising a triazine and an iron complex. More particularly, a specific and preferred example of a composition of the invention is a suspension comprising: a triazine, an iron complex, and an anti-foaming agent. A more specific example is a suspension comprising toltrazuril (preferably between 10 to 60 mg), an iron complex (preferably of beta-ferric oxyhydroxide and dextran glucoheptonic acid), water, and an anti-foaming agent.
  • a further object of the invention resides in a composition comprising a triazine and a further active agent, for use for protecting a non-human mammal against coccidiosis, wherein said composition is administered by intramuscular injection.
  • both active agents are formulated together, even more preferably as a suspension.
  • the two active agents are administered as a single intramuscular injection.
  • a particular embodiment of the invention resides in a composition for use to protect non-human mammals against coccidiosis, wherein the composition comprises a triazine and an iron complex, and wherein the composition is administered by a single intramuscular injection.
  • the composition comprises 1 to 60 mg/kg bodyweight triazine and a complex of iron, preferably in suspension.
  • Such an optimized product would preferably contain a triazine (e.g., toltrazuril) and iron in the same formulation, suitable for combined administration, with dosages, amounts, and pharmacokinetics adapted to provide effective protection of non-human mammal such as piglets, even shortly after birth.
  • a triazine e.g., toltrazuril
  • iron in the same formulation, suitable for combined administration, with dosages, amounts, and pharmacokinetics adapted to provide effective protection of non-human mammal such as piglets, even shortly after birth.
  • the invention allows an optimized combined administration of a triazine with iron.
  • the invention discloses optimal dosage schedule and administration route for both compounds, to confer best protective effect.
  • the invention further shows that, contrary to the usual knowledge, it is not stressful for one day animals to be treated by a combined intramuscular injection of a triazine, in particular toltrazuril, and iron (as complex).
  • the invention thus allows an efficient method for treating coccidiosis and anemia in non-human mammals, even at very early stages of growth of the animals.
  • a particular object of the invention resides in an injectable composition comprising toltrazuril and iron (as complex), wherein said composition comprises, in a total volume of 0.5 to 2.0 ml, 100-400 mg of an iron (as complex) compound and 10-120 mg toltrazuril.
  • Such a composition contains the amount of toltrazuril and iron (as complex) required to obtain the minimal effective dose to ensure efficient protection.
  • Such a composition is suitable for treating animals (e.g., piglets) of 0.40 to 5 kg, with no need for dilutions.
  • a preferred composition of the invention is a unitary dosage of 1.5 ml comprising 37.5 mg toltrazuril and 200 mg of an iron compound.
  • such a product provides optimized amounts of both agents, in a suitable form for combined delivery in one single injection, with no side effect.
  • compositions of the invention are formulated for injection and contain suitable excipients or vehicles such as diluents, adjuvants, stabilizers, preservatives, thickeners, anti-foaming etc.
  • Another object of the invention resides in an injectable composition as defined above for use in treating coccidiosis and anemia in a non-human mammals, wherein said composition is administered by intramuscular injection, preferably by a single intramuscular injection.
  • Another object of the invention resides in a method for treating coccidiosis and anemia in a non-human mammal, the method comprising the intramuscular injection to said non-human mammal of a composition as defined above.
  • the invention is particularly suited to treat young piglets, between newborn and 3 days after birth, which usually have a weight of between 0.40 to 5 kg. For treating such population, there is no need to dilute the compositions, nor to weight the animal for adjustment.
  • composition may comprise further active agents, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, anthelmintics, endectocides, minerals such as iron, or vitamins, for grouped, separate or sequential injection.
  • active agents such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, anthelmintics, endectocides, minerals such as iron, or vitamins, for grouped, separate or sequential injection.
  • the invention also relates to a method for determining the optimal treatment regimen for a young non-human mammal, the method comprising:
  • the present invention may be used in any non-human mammals, including porcine, ovine, bovine, canine or feline and preferably livestock, breeding animals, companion animals, and laboratory animals.
  • Livestock and breeding animals include mammals such as, for example, cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, camels, water buffalos, donkeys, rabbits, fallow deer, reindeer, fur bearers such as, for example, mink, chinchilla or raccoon.
  • Companion animals include such as, for example, horses, dogs and cats.
  • Laboratory animals and experimental animals include such as, for example, mice, rats, guinea pigs, or golden hamsters.
  • It may be used in adults or young animals, such as newborn to 10 days old non-human mammals.
  • This target animal safety and efficacy study was conducted in a farm with known history of cocciodiosis.
  • the main objective was to study the safety and efficacy of intramuscular injection of toltrazuril in comparison to the standard oral application.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 The local and general tolerances, as well as bodyweight development were assessed. The results are presented FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 and can be summarized as follows:
  • All four (4) groups of piglets were injected on SD0 with iron injection (Gleptosil®) at the dose rate of 1 ml per piglet. 3 days after treatment (on SD3), the piglets were orally challenged with a characterised strain of Isospora suis.

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