Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D498/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D498/10—Spiro-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/08—Bronchodilators
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
  • C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
  • C07C309/02—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C309/03—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
  • C07C309/07—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing oxygen atoms bound to the carbon skeleton
  • C07C309/08—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing oxygen atoms bound to the carbon skeleton containing hydroxy groups bound to the carbon skeleton
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
  • C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
  • C07C309/02—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C309/24—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C55/00—Saturated compounds having more than one carboxyl group bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C55/02—Dicarboxylic acids
  • C07C55/06—Oxalic acid
  • C07C55/07—Salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
  • C07D277/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D277/62—Benzothiazoles
  • C07D277/68—Benzothiazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2

Definitions

• the present invention relates to processes for the preparation of chemical compounds that have MABA activity and intermediates for use in such preparations.
• the first-line treatment for a variety of pulmonary disorders including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma is through the use of bronchodilators.
• Muscarinic-receptor antagonists anti-cholinergics
• ⁇ -adrenoceptor agonists are also bronchodilators due to their ability to functionally antagonise the bronchoconstrictor responses to a range of mediators, including acetylcholine.
• a single molecule possessing activities at muscarinic and ⁇ 2 -receptors may provide additional benefits to COPD patients in terms of efficacy and side-effect profile over either single agent.
• a molecule possessing dual activity may also offer benefits in terms of ease-of-use and patient compliance over co-administration of the single therapies.
• a single agent may also be beneficial from the perspective of formulation compared to two separate compounds, also offering the potential, if combined with another therapeutic agent, for triple action therapies.
• a suitable solvent for example N-methylpyrrolidinone or dimethylformamide
• a suitable temperature for example in the range 10 to 70° C. and under reductive conditions such as hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst such as Iridium, so as to give the compound of formula II.
• Iridium catalysed reductive amination provides the compound of formula II in about 70-80% yield. This compares to typically 30-50% yield when using standard reductive amination conditions such as for example sodium triacetoxyborohydride or palladium on charcoal. Moreover the quality of material that is obtained from the Iridum catalysed reductive amination is sufficient to allow the compound of formula I (see Scheme 1 below) to be crystallised directly from the reaction mixture post aqueous work-up.
• the compound of formula III is prepared from the compound IV
• the compound of formula V is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula VI or any other suitable alternate salt there of
• VI via the addition of VI to a suitable acid, for example hydrochloric acid at a temperature, for example in the range 10 to 70° C.
• a suitable acid for example hydrochloric acid at a temperature, for example in the range 10 to 70° C.
• the compound of formula VI is prepared from the compound of formula VII
• a suitable solvent for example methyl tetrahydrofuran
• a temperature for example in the range 10 to 60° C., via the addition of oxalic acid.
• the compound of formula VII is prepared by reaction of the compound of formula VIII
• compound IX in a suitable solvent for example methyl tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane; in the presence of a base, for example sodium hydroxide or triethylamine; is reacted with VIII or VIIIa (after liberation of parent aldehyde VIII via treatment with base e.g. sodium bicarbonate) in the presence of a reducing agent for example sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
• a suitable solvent for example methyl tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane
• a base for example sodium hydroxide or triethylamine
• VIII or VIIIa after liberation of parent aldehyde VIII via treatment with base e.g. sodium bicarbonate
• a reducing agent for example sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
• the compound of formula VIIIa is prepared from the compound of formula VIII
• the compound of formula VIII is conveniently prepared using the method disclosed in WO 2009/098448 in Example 47E on page 202.
• the compound of formula IX is prepared by reaction of the compound of formula X
• a suitable solvent for example isopropyl alcohol
• a suitable acid for example hydrochloric acid in isopropyl alcohol
• the compound of formula X is prepared by reaction of the compound of formula XI
• T3P 2-propanephosphonic acid anhydride
• the compound of formula XI may be obtained using the process set out in WO-1999/038862 (page 37, preparation 4).
• the compound of formula XII may be obtained from WuXi Pharma Tech.
• a suitable solvent for example N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide or 4-methyl-2-pentanol
• a base for example sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide or potassium carbonate
• a temperature for example in the range 20 to 150° C.
• the compound of formula XIV is conveniently prepared and used in-situ from the compound of formula XV
• N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide or 4-methyl-2-pentanol by the addition of a base; for example sodium hexamethyldisilazide or potassium carbonate; at a temperature, for example in the range 20 to 90° C.
• the compound of formula XIV may be prepared and isolated from the compound of formula XV
• the compound of formula XV may be prepared from the compound of formula XVI
• the compound of formula XV may also be prepared from the compound of formula XVI
• a hydrogen source e.g. H 2 or triethylamine/formic acid
• a suitable metal/homochiral ligand complex e.g. [(S,S)-TsDpen-Ru(p-cymene)Cl]
• a suitable solvent e.g. acetonitrile or dichloromethane at a temperature between 0 and 100° C.
• the compound of formula XVI may be prepared from the compound of formula XVII
• a suitable solvent for example methyl t-butyl ether
• a base for example n-butyllithium
• a suitable chloroacetyl compound for example 2-chloro-N-methoxy-N-methyl acetamide or chloroacetylchloride or it may be obtained directly from the compound of formula XIX
• a suitable solvent for example 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran by the addition of a electrophilic brominating reagent for example N-bromosuccinimide; at a temperature, for example in the range 0 to 90° C.
• a suitable solvent for example 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran
• a electrophilic brominating reagent for example N-bromosuccinimide
• the compound of formula XVIII is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XIX
• a suitable solvent for example 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran
• a base for example a combination of n-butyllithium and diisopropylamine (lithium diisopropylamide) or t-butyllithium
• a temperature for example ⁇ 80 to 0° C.
• the compound of formula XX is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XXI
• a hypervalent iodine compound for example [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene or a similar oxidising agent to carry out what is known as a Hofmann rearragnism
• a temperature for example in the range 20 to 90° C.
• an acid for example sulphuric acid.
• the dihydrochloride salt is prepared via addition of a form of hydrochloric acid for example 15% hydrochloric acid in isopropyl alcohol.
• the compound of formula XXI is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XXII
• a suitable solvent for example methanol
• a metal catalyst for example 10% Pd/C and subject to a hydrogen atmosphere.
• a suitable solvent for example dichloromethane
• a base for example diisopropylethylamine
• reducing agent for example sodium triacetoxyborohydride
• the compound of formula IX is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula X
• the compound of formula X is conveniently prepared from the reaction of the compound of formula XI
• the compound of formula XI may be obtained using the process set out in WO-1999/038862 (page 37, preparation 4).
• the compound of formula XII may be obtained from WuXi Pharma Tech.
• the compound of formula XXIV may be obtained from Sigma Aldrich.
• the benzyl protection in the compound of formula XXI is key to preventing impurity formation in the production of the compound of formula XXVI.
• the benzyl, t-butyl and isopropyl groups are key to providing the necessary bulk around the carbonyl group located adjacent to the benzothiazole, allowing the subsequent reduction to the compound of formula XIV to proceed stereoselectively by addition to a complex chiral reduction catalyst.
• the compound of formula XVI is prepared from the compound of formula XVII
• the compound of formula XVII is prepared from the compound of formula XVIII
• the compound of formula XVIII is prepared from the compound of formula XIX
• the compound of formula XXVII is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XX or any other suitable alternate salt there of (or the neutral, parent amine)
• a suitable solvent for example ethanol
• benzylamine a metal catalyst; for example iridium on calcium carbonate
• the mixture then being subjected to a hydrogenation; for example 1-10 bar of a hydrogen atmosphere; at a temperature for example 10 to 60° C.
• the compound of formula XX is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XXI
• the compound of formula XXI is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XXII
• the compound of formula IX is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula X
• the compound of formula X is conveniently prepared from the reaction of the compound of formula XI
• the compound of formula XI may be obtained using the process set out in WO-1999/038862 (page 37, preparation 4).
• the compound of formula XII may be obtained from WuXi Pharma Tech.
• the compound of formula XXIV may be obtained from Sigma Aldrich.
• a suitable solvent for example 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, N-methylpyrrolidinone; by the addition of t-butylvinyl ether; a metal catalyst for example palladium (II) acetate; and ligand/phase transfer catalyst/base combination for example dicyclohexylmethyl amine, tetrabutylammonium bromide or tetrabutylammonium acetate to give a compound of formula XXVIII
• a suitable solvent for example 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and/or N-methylpyrrolidinone
• hydrogenation conditions for example, hydrogen 1-10 bar
• a metal catalyst or boron based reducing agent e.g. sodium triacetoxyborohydride so as to give the compound of formula II.
• the compound of formula III may also be prepared using the method disclosed in WO2007027134 in Example 1 on page 47.
• the compound of formula IX is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula X
• the compound of formula X is conveniently prepared from the reaction of the compound of formula XI
• the compound of formula XI may be obtained using the process set out in WO-1999/038862 (page 37, preparation 4).
• the compound of formula XII may be obtained from WuXi Pharma Tech.
• the compound of formula XXIV may be obtained from Sigma Aldrich.
• the compound of formula XX is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XXI
• the compound of formula XXI is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XXII
• the compound of formula IX is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula X
• the compound of formula X is conveniently prepared from the reaction of the compound of formula XI
• the compound of formula XI may be obtained using the process set out in WO-1999/038862 (page 37, preparation 4).
• the compound of formula XII may be obtained from WuXi Pharma Tech.
• the compound of formula XXIV may be obtained from Sigma Aldrich.
• a suitable solvent for example dichloromethane
• a suitable base for example triethylamine
• a tosylating agent for example tosyl chloride or tosyl triflate
• a suitable reaction temperature for example ⁇ 10 to 30° C.
• a suitable solvent for example tert-butanol
• AD-mix- ⁇ and methanesulfonamide in water
• a suitable reaction temperature for example ⁇ 10 to 30° C.
• the compound of formula XVIII is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XIX
• the compound of formula XXVII is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XX or any other suitable alternate salt there of (or the neutral, parent amine)
• the compound of formula XX is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XXI
• the compound of formula XXI is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XXII
• the compound of formula IX is prepared by reaction of the compound of formula X
• the compound of formula X is prepared by reaction of the compound of formula XI
• the compound of formula XI may be obtained using the process set out in WO-1999/038862 (page 37, preparation 4).
• the compound of formula XII may be obtained from WuXi Pharma Tech.
• the compound of formula XXIV may be obtained from Sigma Aldrich.
• the compound of formula XIV is conveniently prepared in-situ or isolated from the compound of formula XV
• the compound of formula XV may conveniently be prepared from the compound of formula XVI
• the compound of formula XVI may conveniently be prepared from the compound of formula XVII
• the compound of formula XVII may conveniently be prepared from the compound of formula XVIII
• the compound of formula XVIII is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XIX
• the compound III may be conveniently prepared from compound XV
• an aminating agent e.g. sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in a suitable solvent e.g. tetrahydrofuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at a temperature between 5-75° C.
• a suitable solvent e.g. tetrahydrofuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran
• hydrochloric acid in a suitable solvent e.g. isopropyl alcohol at a temperature between 5-75° C.
• the compound of formula XV may conveniently be prepared from the compound of formula XVI
• the compound of formula XVI may conveniently be prepared from the compound of formula XVII
• the compound of formula XVII may conveniently be prepared from the compound of formula XVIII
• the compound of formula XVIII is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula XIX
• the compound of formula V is conveniently prepared from the compound of formula VI or any other suitable alternate salt there of
• the compound of formula VI is prepared from the compound of formula VII
• the compound of formula VII is prepared by reaction of the compound of formula VIII
• the compound of formula VIII is conveniently prepared using the method disclosed in WO 2009/098448 in Example 47E on page 202.
• the compound of formula IX is prepared by reaction of the compound of formula X
• the compound of formula X is prepared by reaction of the compound of formula XI
• the compound of formula XI may be obtained using the process set out in WO-1999/038862 (page 37, preparation 4).
• the compound of formula XII may be obtained from WuXi Pharma Tech.
• R1 represents a suitable protecting group for example benzyl, tosyl, nosyl, BOC, TMS, FMOC.
• R2 represents a suitable protecting group for example benzyl, BOC, trimethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl or tert-butyldiphenylsilyl.
• R3 and R4 represents a suitable protecting group for example ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, allyl, prenyl, benzyl, trisopropyl silyl, tert-butyl dimethyl silyl or tert-butyl diphenylsilyl,
• the compound of formula II is converted into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt such as its dicamsylate or fumarate, directly from the solution it was formed in by the addition of a suitable acid, for example by use of a methyl tetrahydrofuran solution of II as described previously and treatment with camphoric sulfonic acid.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt such as its dicamsylate or fumarate
• the lower aqueous phase was basified with aqueous sodium bicarbonate (8.0% w; 7.9 L) and extracted into 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (6.6 L).
• the upper phase was collected, dried (sodium sulphate) and stored at ⁇ 18° C.
• a separate hydrogenation vessel (Vessel 2) was charged with 7-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-4-hydroxy-3H-1,3-benzothiazol-2-one hydrochloride III (0.65 Kg; 2.87 moles), 5% iridium on calcium carbonate (0.59 Kg), sodium sulphate (1.05 Kg) & N-methylpyrrolidone (8.9 L).
• Vessel 1 was charged with [3-[[4-fluoro-3-[2-methoxyvinyl]phenyl]methyl]-7-oxa-3,10-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-10-yl]-(2-isopropylthiazol-4-yl)methanone; oxalic acid VI (28.70 g; 45.44 mmoles) and aqueous HCl (2 M; 73 ml). The mixture was heated to 40° C. and stirred for 2 hours. The mixture was cooled to 10° C. and basified with aqueous potassium carbonate (30% w; 70 mL) then extracted with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (109 ml).
• the reaction was cooled to RT and filtered; the filter cake was washed with a mixture of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran & N-methylpyrrolidinone (4:1 by volume; 53 mL).
• the resulting filtrate was treated with aqueous citric acid (0.85% w; 669 mL) at 15-20° C. and stirred for 30 minutes.
• the resulting slurry was filtered and the filter cake was washed with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (19 mL).
• the resulting filtrate was then partitioned between 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (143 mL) and aqueous potassium carbonate (2 M; 334 mL) and stirred at RT for 10 minutes.
• the mixture was quenched and diluted cautiously with aqueous acetic acid (50% w; 12.5 L) at RT.
• the biphasic mixture was stirred for 20 minutes and the aqueous layer separated and retained ( ⁇ 5° C.).
• the reaction mixture was further washed with aqueous acetic acid (50% w; 3 ⁇ 12.5 L), on each occasion retaining and combining the acidic aqueous extracts.
• the combined acidic aqueous extracts were then diluted with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (12.1 L) and the mixture basified with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (10 M; 39.0 L) at RT until pH>8.5 was reached.
• the resulting biphasic mixture was warmed to 33° C.
• vessel 2 The contents of vessel 2 were then added to vessel 1 with stirring over 30 minutes maintaining a temperature of 15-20° C.
• Vessel 3 was charged with sodium triacetoxyborohydride (27.1 kg; 128.0 moles) and toluene (127.1 kg) and stirred for 30 minutes at ⁇ 20° C.
• the contents of vessel 1 were then added to vessel 3 with stirring over a period of at least 1 hour maintaining a temperature of 15-20° C.
• the resulting mixture was then stirred at 15-20° C. for 16 hours.
• the mixture was then cooled to 0-5° C. and quenched with aqueous acetic acid (50% w; 86.9 kg) with stirring over a period of at least 45 minutes maintaining a temperature ⁇ 25° C.
• the lower aqueous phase was removed and the organic phase was extracted with aqueous acetic acid (50% w; 5 ⁇ 86.9 kg).
• the combined aqueous phases were then stirred with deionised water (86.4 kg) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (70.1 kg) for 30 minutes at 15-20° C.
• the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 7.8-8.5 using aqueous sodium hydroxide (40% w; 78.2 kg) and the mixture was heated to 30-35° C. and stirred for 30 minutes.
• the lower, aqueous phase was removed and the organic layer was assayed (HPLC) for title compound VII (18.7 kg @ 100% w; 39.5 moles).
• the combined organic phases were evaporated to dryness in-vacuo then redissolved into dimethylacetamide (190 mL) and water (10 mL). The resulting solution was added to the contents of vessel 1 and heated to 80° C. and stirred for 16 hours. After cooling, the mixture was partitioned between methyl tert-butyl ether (600 mL) and water (600 mL); the lower, aqueous phase was then extracted twice with methyl tert-butyl ether (2 ⁇ 400 mL). The combined organic phases were stirred with aqueous citric acid (10% w, 400 mL) and methanol (100 mL) to give a biphasic mixture.
• a vessel was charged with 1-(4-tert-butoxy-2-isopropoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl)-2-chloro-ethanone XVI (2.00 g, 5.44 mmoles) and acetonitrile (20 mL).
• Pre-mixed formic acid (1.54 mL; 40.81 mmoles) and triethylamine (3.79 mL; 27.20 mmoles) complex was then added slowly to the reaction mixture and the resulting solution stirred at RT for 5 minutes.
• the catalyst [(S,S)-TsDpen-Ru(p-cymene)Cl] (69 mg, 0.11 mmoles) was added in a single portion and the mixture was left to stir at 20-25° C. for 2 hours. Slow addition of water (20 mL) over a period of 15 minutes caused precipitation of a light-coloured solid. After further stirring, the solid was collected via filtration; the filter cake was washed with a mixture of water and acetonitrile (2:1 by volume; 2 ⁇ 5 mL). The solid was dried in-vacuo @ 40° C. to give title compound XV as a pale-yellow solid (1.78 g; 5.17 mmoles).
• This compound has also been synthesised using 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin as a brominating agent under identical conditions.
• the reaction mixture was concentrated ( ⁇ 400 mL) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (500 mL) was added.
• the solution was extracted with aqueous HCl (2M; 3 ⁇ 500 mL).
• the combined aqueous phases were washed with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (205 mL).
• the aqueous phase was partitioned between 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (500 mL) and basified with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (10 M, 152 mL).
• the organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (200 mL).
• the reaction was heated in a sealed vessel at 90° C. with vigorous stirring. At this temperature the reaction was a mobile solution. After 18 hours the reaction was diluted with water and extracted with organic solvent. The organic phase was back extracted several times with water, yielding a solution of the product along with its Z-isomer and the ⁇ -regioisomer.

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• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
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