US20140216106A1 - Air separation apparatus and an integrated gasification combined cycle apparatus incorporating the air separation apparatus - Google Patents

Air separation apparatus and an integrated gasification combined cycle apparatus incorporating the air separation apparatus Download PDF

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US20140216106A1
US20140216106A1 US13/995,281 US201113995281A US2014216106A1 US 20140216106 A1 US20140216106 A1 US 20140216106A1 US 201113995281 A US201113995281 A US 201113995281A US 2014216106 A1 US2014216106 A1 US 2014216106A1
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gas
gasification
facility
gasification furnace
air
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Kensuke Nakasuji
Kouhei Nakamura
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Assigned to L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE reassignment L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NAKAMURA, KOUHEI, NAKASUJI, Kensuke
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/067—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion heat coming from a gasification or pyrolysis process, e.g. coal gasification
    • F01K23/068—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion heat coming from a gasification or pyrolysis process, e.g. coal gasification in combination with an oxygen producing plant, e.g. an air separation plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/044—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a single pressure main column system only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04539—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels
    • F25J3/04545—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels for the gasification of solid or heavy liquid fuels, e.g. integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04593—The air gas consuming unit is also fed by an air stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/80—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
    • F25J2240/82—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine with waste heat recovery, e.g. in a combined cycle, i.e. for generating steam used in a Rankine cycle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to an air separation apparatus and process and an integrated gasification combined cycle apparatus and process using the air separation apparatus, such for example as a cryogenic distillation method nitrogen gas production apparatus and an integrated gasification combined cycle system using the nitrogen gas production apparatus.
  • Integrated gasification combined cycle systems using gasified gas from gasification furnace facilities have been commonly used conventionally.
  • Such systems use nitrogen gas for various purposes inside the furnace including the carrier path for gasification materials, and since the demand for nitrogen gas is strong, such nitrogen production apparatus, for example, as those using the cryogenic distillation method, air separation plant and PSA (pressure swing method) have commonly been used.
  • nitrogen production apparatus for example, as those using the cryogenic distillation method, air separation plant and PSA (pressure swing method) have commonly been used.
  • air is used as the main ingredient to produce nitrogen gas and liquid nitrogen via the compression and purification processes.
  • these gasification furnaces require gasified oxygen or air as the gasification agent, but since they require specified pressures, a separate oxygen gas production facility with high energy efficiency is being used.
  • IGCC integrated coal gasification combined cycle system
  • gas turbine 105 in an integrated coal gasification combined cycle system equipped with gasification furnace 101 , gas cooler 102 , gas purification device 103 , gas turbine 105 , waste gas boiler 107 , steam turbine 106 and inert gas compressor device 112 , gas turbine 105 and steam turbine drive power generator 109 to generate power, and the pressurized inert gas 114 is introduced as the cooling medium into gas cooler 102 to perform thermal exchange, and the pressurized inert gas 114 is introduced to gas turbine 105 via combustor 104 .
  • This configuration that supplies oxygen using a method of so called oxygen injection or air injection as the gasification agent at gasification furnace 101 has been disclosed.
  • Coal (generally pulverized coal) 121 introduced to gasification furnace 101 is gasified in high-temperature and strongly reducing atmosphere by oxygen 116 , which is smaller than the theoretical combustion oxygen amount that has been separated via air separation device 111 from the air supplied by air compressor 110 , and pressurized by oxygen compressor 113 , and then discharged from gasification furnace 101 at a high-temperature and high-pressure state.
  • oxygen 116 generally pulverized coal
  • FIG. 6 (B) shows a case of gasification furnace 101 with the so-called air injection method in which atmosphere is pressurized by air compressor 119 and supplied to gasification furnace 101 to gasify coal 121 . It is not equipped with air separation device 111 as seen above, but instead uses a part of nitrogen 114 from nitrogen production device 118 as the cooling medium for gas cooler 102 . In this case too, it is completely the same in terms of the process of using the sensible heat of nitrogen 114 that has been heat-recovered from gas cooler 102 and first utilized in gas turbine 105 , and then converted to steam in waste gas boiler 107 to be used in steam turbine 106 and 106 ′.
  • an air separation apparatus forming part of an integrated gasification combined cycle system comprising a gasification furnace facility, a gas purification facility and a combined cycle facility, and characterized in that it comprises means for producing nitrogen gas that is supplied and used in said gasification furnace facility and/or gas purification facility and in that it comprises means for producing an oxygen enriched gas which is mixed with air and sent to a compressor ( 24 ) to form a gasification stream feeding the gasification furnace.
  • an integrated gasification combined cycle apparatus comprising a gasification furnace facility, gas purification facility, and combined cycle facility, using the air separation apparatus in accordance with any described herein, and characterized in that it comprises means for sending nitrogen gas from the air separation apparatus to the gasification furnace facility and/or gas purification facility, and means for sending oxygen enriched gas resulting from the air separation apparatus to a compressor, forming part of the gasification furnace facility, means for sending air to the compressor and means for sending a gasification agent from the compressor to the gasification furnace;
  • Oxygen enriched gas can be mixed with air by a mixer or an ejector that uses air as the suction fluid.
  • An integrated gasification combined cycle apparatus in accordance with any described herein, may comprise means for sending gas, supplied from the aforementioned gasification furnace, as combustion gas to a gas combustion device in the combined cycle facility, means for dividing the compressed gas pressurized by the compressor in two, means for introducing one part is introduced to the gas combustion device and another part as the gasification agent into the gasification furnace.
  • the compressor is preferably coupled to a turbine of the gas combustion facility.
  • an air separation process taking place within of an integrated gasification combined cycle system comprising a gasification furnace facility, a gas purification facility and a combined cycle facility, and characterized in that it produces nitrogen gas that is supplied and used in said gasification furnace facility and/or gas purification facility and in that it produces an oxygen enriched gas which is mixed with air and sent to a compressor to form a gasification stream feeding the gasification furnace.
  • the purity and flow rate of the oxygen enriched gas are preferably chosen such that the gasification stream introduced to the aforementioned gasification furnace contains between 22% and 35% mol. oxygen.
  • Air is preferably separated in a cryogenic purification tower by distillation to produce nitrogen and wherein oxygen enriched gas is removed from a top condenser of the tower and warmed in a heat exchanger that cools the air down to near its liquefaction temperature, to form oxygen enriched gas.
  • an integrated gasification combined cycle process comprising a gasification furnace facility, gas purification facility, and combined cycle facility, using the air separation apparatus in accordance with any described herein, and wherein nitrogen gas from the air separation apparatus is sent to the gasification furnace facility and/or gas purification facility, and oxygen enriched gas resulting from the air separation apparatus is sent to a compressor, forming part of the gasification furnace facility to be compressed with air, the compressed mixture being sent as a gasification agent to the gasification furnace.
  • gas supplied from the aforementioned gasification furnace is introduced as combustion gas to a gas combustion device in the combined cycle facility, the compressed gas pressurized by the compressor is divided in two and one part is introduced to the gas combustion device and another part is used as the gasification agent in gasification furnace.
  • the compressor is preferably driven using a turbine of the gas combustion facility.
  • all the gas compressed in the compressor is sent to the gasification furnace.
  • the oxygen enriched gas (B) contains more than 35% mol. oxygen, preferably at least 55% mol. oxygen.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the basic configuration example of the inventive integrated gasification combined cycle system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a configuration example of the inventive nitrogen production apparatus.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of another configuration example of the inventive nitrogen production apparatus.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the configuration example no. 2 of the inventive integrated gasification combined cycle system.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the configuration example no. 3 of the inventive integrated gasification combined cycle system.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a configuration example of a integrated gasification combined cycle system with conventional technology.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a nitrogen production apparatus that is capable of efficiently supplying nitrogen and oxygen that are required for an integrated gasification combined cycle system in conditions that are suited to the operational state and an integrated gasification combined cycle system using the nitrogen production apparatus with high energy efficiency as the entire system.
  • the present inventors conducted intensive research and discovered that the aim can be reached by means of the nitrogen production apparatus and an integrated gasification combined cycle system using the nitrogen production apparatus described below.
  • the present invention is a nitrogen production apparatus that constitutes a part of an integrated gasification combined cycle system, and characterized in that it produces nitrogen gas that is supplied and used in said gasification furnace facility and gas purification facility using air as its source material, supplies oxygen-rich waste gas produced by extracting nitrogen gas from said material air to the primary side of the compressor installed at the aforementioned gasification furnace facility to compress air, and introduces it as part of the gasification agent for the aforementioned gasification furnace after it is compressed with air in said compressor.
  • the problems in conventional integrated gasification combined cycle systems as described previously could not be eliminated with configurations based on integrated technological concepts since the integrated gasification combined cycle system and the nitrogen (oxygen) production apparatus have been configured separately based individually on each of their requirements and specifications.
  • the present invention provides a configuration for a nitrogen production apparatus in an integrated gasification combined cycle system with the greatest energy efficiency and operability as a result of verifying the optimal range of oxygen concentration in the gasification agent based on such gas property as the temperature condition, pressure condition and flow rate condition for the nitrogen gas and oxygen-rich waste gas that can be supplied from the nitrogen production apparatus in the integrated gasification combined cycle system that uses nitrogen gas as its main operation gas (referred hereinafter as “processing gas”).
  • nitrogen gas with the desired pressure to such facilities as the gasification furnace and gas purification facility, and at the same time introduce compressed oxygen-rich gasification agent to the gasification furnace while keeping the oxygen concentration within the allowable range of the above-mentioned EIGA by supplying low-pressure waste gas to the primary side of the compressor (referred hereinafter as “air compressor”) for compressing air.
  • air compressor the primary side of the compressor
  • the present invention is the above-mentioned nitrogen gas supply device characterized in that the flow rate of the waste gas supplied to the primary side of the aforementioned compressor is controlled so that the oxygen concentration in the gasification agent introduced to the aforementioned gasification furnace is approximately 22 ⁇ 35%.
  • the present invention keeps the oxygen concentration in the gasification agent within the above-mentioned EIGA allowable range due to the configuration that controls the flow rate of the oxygen-rich waste gas supplied as part of the gasification agent, and at the same time makes it possible to perform efficient gasification process that leads to improvement in combustion efficiency and lower the burden on the air compressor. Furthermore, the lowering of the burden on the air compressor also allows selection of a low cost air compressor and reduces burden on the material of each part in the flow path.
  • the present invention is the above-mentioned nitrogen gas production apparatus characterized in that it is equipped with a purification tower that purifies the material air and separates nitrogen with the cryogenic distillation method, and a heat exchanger that cools the material air down to near its liquefaction temperature, and introduces the return gas from the aforementioned purification tower to the aforementioned heat exchanger to use it as the aforementioned oxygen-rich waste gas.
  • this configuration as described above is capable of supplying nitrogen and oxygen required to form a highly energy efficient integrated gasification combined cycle system in conditions suited to the operational condition, and not only enables efficient use of the nitrogen gas production apparatus, but also establishes efficient use of the entire integrated gasification combined cycle system.
  • the present invention is also an integrated gasification combined cycle system comprising a gasification furnace facility, gas purification facility, and combined cycle facility, using any of the above-mentioned nitrogen gas production apparatuses, and characterized in that nitrogen gas from the aforementioned nitrogen production apparatus is supplied to the aforementioned gasification furnace facility and gas purification facility, and at the same time oxygen-rich waste gas resulting from extracting the aforementioned nitrogen gas from the material air is pressurized by the air compressor installed in the aforementioned gasification furnace facility and then introduced as part of the gasification agent to be introduced to the aforementioned gasification furnace to the primary side of said air compressor.
  • the present invention is the above-mentioned integrated gasification combined cycle system and characterized in that the aforementioned waste gas is mixed with air by a mixer or an ejector that uses said air as the suction fluid.
  • the present invention makes it possible to form a gasification agent with a consistent oxygen concentration by installing a mixer or an ejector at the primary side of the air compressor to sufficiently mix and supply the waste gas, and form an integrated gasification combined cycle system to perform efficient gasification process and combustion treatment of the gasification gas.
  • the present invention is also the above-mentioned integrated gasification combined cycle system characterized in that the gasified gas supplied from the aforementioned gasification furnace is introduced as combustion gas to a gas combustion device in the aforementioned combined cycle facility, the compressed gas pressurized by the aforementioned air compressor is diverged and introduced to the gas combustion device with one part as the aforementioned gasification agent and the other part as the combustion-assisting gas for the aforementioned gas combustion device.
  • stable gasification treatment in the gasification furnace, and at the same time stable combustion treatment of the produced gasified gas in the gas combustion device of the combined cycle facility is also important to secure high energy efficiency.
  • the present invention has made it possible to perform stable and highly efficient combustion treatment by supplying the compressed gas having the same composition as the gasification agent as the combustion-assisting gas in the combustion treatment in the gas combustion device.
  • the nitrogen production apparatus (referred hereinafter as “the inventive apparatus”) of the present invention constitutes a part of the integrated gasification combined cycle system (referred hereinafter as “the inventive system”) that comprises a gasification furnace, a gas purification facility and a combined cycle facility, and is characterized in that it produces and supplies nitrogen gas used in said gasification furnace and gas purification facility using air as material, supplies oxygen-rich waste gas resulting from extracting nitrogen gas from said material air to the primary side of the air compressor installed at the gasification furnace facility, and introduce it as part of the gasification agent for the aforementioned gasification furnace after being pressurized with air by said compressor.
  • the inventive apparatus the inventive apparatus of the present invention constitutes a part of the integrated gasification combined cycle system (referred hereinafter as “the inventive system”) that comprises a gasification furnace, a gas purification facility and a combined cycle facility, and is characterized in that it produces and supplies nitrogen gas used in said gasification furnace and gas purification facility using air as material, supplies oxygen-rich waste gas resulting from extracting nitrogen gas from said
  • FIG. 1 A schematic basic configuration example of the inventive system that uses nitrogen gas and oxygen gas from the inventive apparatus is shown in FIG. 1 (Configuration Example 1).
  • the inventive system is composed of air separation apparatus 1 that supplies nitrogen gas N and oxygen-rich waste gas B from material air A, gasification furnace facility 2 into which gasification material (coal in the case of IGCC) C, gasification agent Ma and operation gas N 1 are introduced and that supplies gasified gas G, gas purification facility 3 into which gasified gas G is introduced and that supplies fuel gas F that has been cooled, dust-removed and purified, and combined cycle system 4 into which fuel gas F and combustion-assisting gas (not shown in Figure) are introduced and that converts energy generated by combustion reaction into electricity.
  • air separation apparatus 1 that supplies nitrogen gas N and oxygen-rich waste gas B from material air A
  • gasification furnace facility 2 into which gasification material (coal in the case of IGCC) C, gasification agent Ma and operation gas N 1 are introduced and that supplies gasified gas G
  • gas purification facility 3 into which gasified gas G
  • Inventive apparatus 1 takes in material air A and supplies nitrogen gas N that is pressurized by nitrogen gas compressor (not shown in Figure) if necessary to the desired pressure (e.g. 2 ⁇ 5 MPa) and oxygen-rich waste gas B with low pressure (generally ambient pressure level).
  • Nitrogen gas N supplied from inventive apparatus 1 is used as operation gas N 1 at gasification furnace facility 2 and as operation gas N 2 at gas purification facility 3 , and waste gas B is supplied to the primary side of air compressor 24 in gasification furnace facility and used as part of gasification agent Ma. Details on the configuration of inventive apparatus 1 will be provided later. It is also possible to produce nitrogen gas N using a heat exchanger (not shown in Figure) after liquid nitrogen produced by the cryogenic distillation method is pressurized with a pump (not shown in Figure).
  • Gasification furnace facility 2 comprises material supply device 21 into which gasification material C and operation gas N 1 are introduced and that supplies gasification material C, gasification furnace 22 into which gasification material C and gasification agent Ma are introduced and that supplies gasified gas G, and air compressor 24 where waste gas B supplied from inventive apparatus 1 is added to the air purified via filter 23 , then mixed with gasification agent Ma that is introduced, and pressurizes and supplies the mixture to gasification furnace 22 .
  • Gasification material C that is agitated and dispersion-treated into a state that is easily susceptible to chemical reaction is transferred and introduced safely and smoothly to gasification furnace 22 . At this time, the gasification reaction is promoted by preheating in an oxygen-free atmosphere in gasification furnace 22 .
  • gasified gas G containing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 O) is produced by having carbon components or oxygenated hydrocarbon components contained in gasification material C react with oxygen contained in gasification agent Ma.
  • gasification furnace 22 it is desirable to reflux it to gasification furnace 22 to perform re-reaction.
  • a temperature control sensor and if necessary a concentration control sensor (not shown in Figure) that can control either H 2 O, CO or H 2 O, or multiple components such as residual oxygen.
  • gasification material C other than coal, petroleum heavy residue, biomass or tire chips can be used.
  • gasification material C other than coal, petroleum heavy residue, biomass or tire chips can be used.
  • the contact time with the treatment gas is large; it is possible to prevent the risk of generating such components as highly reactive gasified gas as the reaction is promoted by the reaction heat generated by partial reaction (reaction heat) of gasification material C in addition to improving the efficiency of such processes as the carrier treatment.
  • the operation gas N 1 nitrogen gas N from inventive apparatus 1 is used.
  • the introduction amount and supply pressure of operation gas N 1 are adjusted by the supply rate and property of gasification material C or the capacity of material supply device 21 .
  • the pressure and flow rate of gasification agent Ma introduced to gasification furnace 22 are adjusted by air compressor 24 .
  • the oxygen concentration of gasification agent Ma is approximately 22 ⁇ 35%.
  • the oxygen concentration is high, but the higher the oxygen concentration, the larger the load of air compressor 24 becomes as well.
  • the concentration is 35% or lower.
  • it is desirable that its concentration is approximately 22% or higher than the oxygen concentration control range for the gasification reaction that accompanies such factors as the compositional variability of gasification material C.
  • Gasification agent Ma with high concentration of oxygen is produced at merging point 25 at the primary side of air compressor 24 as waste gas B supplied from inventive apparatus 1 is added and mixed with air purified via filter 23 .
  • a mixer (not shown in Figure) instead of merging point 25 .
  • As it is added at a state of ambient pressure it reduces the load of air compressor 24 and at the same time reduces the load on the supply side of waste gas B of inventive apparatus 1 .
  • lowering of the supply pressure by the supply of high-concentration oxygen reduces the load on air compressor 24 and at the same time allows selection of further low-cost air compressor 24 and reduces load on the material of each part of the flow path.
  • Gas purification facility 3 comprises cooling device 31 that cools gasified gas G supplied from gasification furnace 22 , dust removing device 32 that removes dust in gasified gas G, and purification device 33 that separates and removes such components as tar components and CO 2
  • Gasified gas G is purified and supplied to combined cycle facility 4 as fuel gas F. Since unreacted high boiling point carbon and hydrocarbon, such as char and tar, are contained in residue R separated in dust removing device 32 , it is refluxed to gasification furnace 22 via hopper 34 .
  • nitrogen gas N from inventive apparatus 1 is introduced to hopper 34 as operation gas N 2 and used for agitation treatment and carrier treatment.
  • the introduction amount and supply pressure of operation gas N 2 are adjusted by the supply amount and property of gasification material C.
  • Combined cycle facility 4 comprises combustion device 41 into which fuel gas and combustion assisting gas (not shown in Figure) supplied from purification device 33 are introduced and that supplies combustion waste gas E generated by the combustion reaction, gas turbine 42 into which combustion waste gas E is introduced and that drives the turbine, generator 43 that is connected to gas turbine 42 and converts combustion energy from driving the turbine into electricity, and waste gas boiler 44 into which combustion waste gas E supplied from gas turbine 42 is introduced and that is used for such purposes as generating steam.
  • High-temperature and high-pressure combustion energy generated in combustion device 41 is efficiently converted to power-generating energy.
  • the waste gas used for generating steam in waste gas boiler 44 is applied with necessary treatment and discharged into atmosphere.
  • inventive apparatus 1 used in the inventive system the cryogenic distillation method with a purification tower, the PSA type or TSA type with a molecular sieve, or the separation membrane type using a polymer membrane module can be used. Since oxygen-free nitrogen gas or an equivalent is desired as operation gas N 1 and N 2 , the inventive system is configured by using such nitrogen gas production devices. At this time, it is desirable to measure the oxygen concentration in nitrogen gas N or the waste gas supplied from inventive apparatus 1 , and also adjust the supply pressure and supply flow rate by installing a built-in regulator valve and/or a flow meter.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic first embodiment of a process according to the invention using a cryogenic distillation apparatus 1 using a purification tower.
  • Inventive apparatus 1 comprises purification tower 11 that purifies material air A and separates nitrogen gas N with the cryogenic distillation method, and heat exchanger 12 that cools material air A to near its liquefaction temperature. More specifically, material air A that has bee liquefied at low temperature by heat exchanger 12 is introduced to tower lower section 11 a of purification tower 11 , and purified at its purification section 11 b due to the difference in boiling points to produce nitrogen gas N. Low-temperature nitrogen gas N supplied from tower top section 11 c of purification tower 11 is heated by heat exchanger 12 and supplied out with a pressure of approximately 0.5 ⁇ 1.2 MPa. Even with a relatively simple single tower type, it is possible to continually supply nitrogen gas N with the desired pressure.
  • Liquid air La that has become oxygen rich at tower lower section 11 a is introduced to condenser 11 d as part of the cooling source and a part of it is also gasified and then heated by heat exchanger 12 , and supplied as waste gas B. It is possible to continually extract waste gas B with almost constant oxygen concentration and nearly ambient pressure. At this time, oxygen-rich waste gas B discharged from condenser 11 d is further introduced to expansion turbine 12 a , used as a cooling medium at main heat exchanger 12 , and then discharged outside the system. This allows it to function as supplement to the cooling source for nitrogen gas N. Moreover, as needed, liquefied nitrogen Ln with the desired pressure is introduced to purification section 11 c . This allows supplementing the material to correspond with the required amount of nitrogen gas N, and at the same time functions as a supplement to the cooling source for condenser 11 d . It is possible to supply the required amount of nitrogen and oxygen in conditions suited to their operational usage.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration example of a PSA type inventive apparatus 1 using a molecular sieve.
  • Inventive apparatus 1 comprises adsorption tower unit equipped with two adsorption towers 13 a and 13 b filled with adsorption agent that selectively adsorbs oxygen in material air A, switching unit 14 equipped with on-off valves V 1 ⁇ V 4 that allows switching the supply of material air A, and on-off valves V 5 ⁇ V 8 that allows switching the supply of recycled gas Ba to adsorption towers 13 a and 13 b , and buffer tank 15 installed at the supply flow path of waste gas Ba.
  • It has the function to supply pressurized material air A and nitrogen gas with the desired pressure to one of the towers with low temperature, and at the same time the function to supply recycled gas and oxygen-rich waste gas with ambient pressure level to the other adsorption tower with high temperature. Moreover, it is possible to make the oxygen concentration even and lower the temperature of waste gas B by introducing waste gas B to tank 15 with the desired capacity and storing it temporarily.
  • the adsorption agent such items as the molecular sieves carbon (MSC) that has high selective oxygen adsorption ability are used.
  • MSC molecular sieves carbon
  • nitrogen gas and oxygen gas can be separated. That is, when mixed gas of oxygen gas and nitrogen gas is introduced to adsorption towers 13 a and 13 b , the nitrogen gas and oxygen gas are separated in a short time (1 ⁇ 2 minutes) at an early stage of adsorption since the difference between their adsorption speeds is large.
  • adsorption towers 13 a and 13 b oxygen with smaller molecules is first adsorbed and most of the nitrogen passes through.
  • the pressure of adsorption towers 13 a and 13 b that have adsorbed oxygen is lowered, the adsorbed oxygen is released.
  • recycled gas Ba low-purity nitrogen gas or purified gas that has already been used in the inventive system and does not contain oxygen (for example combustion waste gas E that has been purified) is used. It is possible to supply the required nitrogen and oxygen in conditions that suit the operational state. Moreover, by adopting multiple adsorption towers and alternately switching their operation, it is possible to continually supply nitrogen and oxygen. It is also possible, instead of the above-mentioned inventive apparatus 1 that uses eight on-off valves V 1 ⁇ V 8 , to use three-way switching valves or four-way switching valves to make it a more simple configuration.
  • inventive system is based on the above-mentioned configuration example 1, and as it is possible to select from various configuration examples for inventive apparatus 1 as described above, it is also possible to adopt various applicative configuration examples regarding also gasification furnace facility 2 , gas purification facility 3 and combined cycle facility 4 , and at the same various applications regarding the usage of waste gas B from inventive apparatus 1 are possible.
  • configuration examples (configuration examples 2 and 3) of which one is characterized in that it is related to production of gasification agent Ma, and the other is characterized in that it relates to the use of combustion-assisting gas Mb in combustion device 41 , are described below.
  • FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the inventive system.
  • the inventive system is characterized in that ejector 26 that uses air as the suction fluid is installed in merging point 25 of gasification furnace facility 2 of FIG. 1 described above.
  • ejector 26 that uses air as the suction fluid is installed in merging point 25 of gasification furnace facility 2 of FIG. 1 described above.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the inventive system.
  • the inventive system is characterized in that compression gas M pressurized by air compressor 24 is diverged so that one part is supplied to gasification furnace 22 as gasification agent Ma, and the other part is supplied to gas combustion device 41 as combustion-assisting gas Ma of gas combustion device 41 .
  • This is also applicable to configuration examples 1 and 2 described above.
  • compressed gas M having the same composition as gasification agent Ma as combustion-assisting gas Mb for combustion treatment at gas combustion device 41 it is possible to apply it also for the combustion reaction at combined cycle facility 4 of the inventive system to improve the power generation efficiency due to high combustion efficiency.
  • gasification agent Ma that is approximately 150% of the amount of nitrogen gas production. Therefore, in cases the amount to be used as gasification agent Ma is smaller than that amount, waste gas B can be supplied as part of combustion-assisting gas Mb.
  • “Comprising” in a claim is an open transitional term which means the subsequently identified claim elements are a nonexclusive listing (i.e., anything else may be additionally included and remain within the scope of “comprising”). “Comprising” as used herein may be replaced by the more limited transitional terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of” unless otherwise indicated herein.
  • Providing in a claim is defined to mean furnishing, supplying, making available, or preparing something. The step may be performed by any actor in the absence of express language in the claim to the contrary a range is expressed, it is to be understood that another embodiment is from the one.
  • Optional or optionally means that the subsequently described event or circumstances may or may not occur.
  • the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not occur.
  • Ranges may be expressed herein as from about one particular value, and/or to about another particular value. When such particular value and/or to the other particular value, along with all combinations within said range.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
US13/995,281 2010-12-20 2011-12-20 Air separation apparatus and an integrated gasification combined cycle apparatus incorporating the air separation apparatus Abandoned US20140216106A1 (en)

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WO2012084910A2 (en) 2012-06-28
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