US20140013750A1 - Waste-heat recovery system - Google Patents

Waste-heat recovery system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140013750A1
US20140013750A1 US13/997,587 US201113997587A US2014013750A1 US 20140013750 A1 US20140013750 A1 US 20140013750A1 US 201113997587 A US201113997587 A US 201113997587A US 2014013750 A1 US2014013750 A1 US 2014013750A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
waste
engine speed
expansion machine
recovery system
heat recovery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/997,587
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English (en)
Inventor
Stefan Müller
Konrad Herrmann
Anayet Temelci-Andon
Harald Köhler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to ROBERT BOSCH GMBH reassignment ROBERT BOSCH GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MULLER, STEFAN, HERRMANN, KONRAD, KOHLER, HARALD, TEMELCI-ANDON, ANAYET
Publication of US20140013750A1 publication Critical patent/US20140013750A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/101—Regulating means specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/12—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engines being mechanically coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a waste-heat recovery system.
  • ORC Organic-Rankine Cycle
  • Rankine is a thermodynamic cyclical process according to Rankine. This means that a working medium runs through various thermodynamic states in order to be transferred back into the initial liquid state again at the end. In the process, the working medium is brought to a higher pressure level with the aid of a pump. Then, the working medium is preheated to evaporation temperature and subsequently evaporated.
  • ORC systems are also advantageous when exploiting biomass in connection with the combined generation of power and heat, for example, especially at relatively low power outputs, i.e., when the conventional biomass combustion technology seems relatively expensive.
  • Biomass plants often have a fermenting device for the production of biogas, which normally has to be heated.
  • a diesel power unit integrated into a Rankine process is known from the U.S. Pat. No. 4,901,531, in which one cylinder is used for the expansion according to Rankine, and the other cylinders operate as diesel engine.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,334,409 describes a system operating according to the Rankine process, in which the working fluid is preheated by a heat exchanger, through which the air from the outlet of a compressor of a machine having internal combustion is routed.
  • Block thermal power plants as plants for the cogeneration of electricity and heat are generally known. These are decentralized power generation plants, often driven by combustion engines, featuring a simultaneous utilization of the waste heat. As far as possible, the heat withdrawn via the cooling media is used for heating suitable objects.
  • the preheating of the working medium in the ORC in two steps in a heating device is known from German Patent No. 10 2005 048 795, i.e., that the process medium in the ORC is heated by two heat exchangers connected in series downstream from a feeding pump; the first heat exchanger downstream from the feeding pump is provided as a first stage for the incoupling of low-temperature heat, and the following heat exchanger is provided as a second stage for the incoupling of high-temperature heat.
  • the mixture cooling of the combustion engine is connected to the first heat exchanger downstream from the feeding pump, and the heat from the cooling of the combustion-gas mixture aspirated by the combustion engine is used to preheat the process medium in the
  • a second heating circuit obtains heat from the engine cooling water and the exhaust gas of the internal combustion machine and is connected to the second heat exchanger downstream from the feeding pump, the heat from the cooling circuit and the exhaust gas being used to overheat and evaporate the process medium in the ORC and input into the second heat exchanger downstream from the feeding pump in the form of high temperature heat.
  • the present invention is based on the objective of optimizing the design and operating behavior of a waste-heat recovery system made up of an ORC post-connected to a waste-heat source.
  • a characteristic feature of the waste-heat recovery system is that the expansion machine is started up by the generator which is operating as motor for the steam expansion in the ORC, and is brought to a minimum starting engine speed able to be specified by a control device.
  • the minimum starting engine speed preferably amounts to approximately two thirds of a minimum operating engine speed.
  • a steam valve at the intake of the expansion machine is opened for steam expansion in the ORC once a minimum starting engine speed has been reached, and during the further opening of the steam valve, a further run-up of the engine speed takes place, so that the generator transitions from motor-actuated operation to normal generator operation.
  • This is advantageous because the expansion machine is linked to the generator right from the start, or is initially linked to it as electric motor, and need not be synchronized to the electrical network.
  • a control device then ascertains the optimal engine speed for steam generation in the ORC for the expansion machine at a current operating point. To do so, starting from a minimum engine speed, a slow rampup takes place in a first step while analyzing the generator output, until it is detected in a second step that a zenith is exceeded with rising engine speed and a simultaneously dropping generator output. In a third step, the engine speed is reduced, and in further steps, the sequences of the steps two and three are repeated until the engine speed stabilizes at the point of the maximum generator output.
  • the optimum engine speed for steam expansion in the ORC for a current operating point is able to be specified via a characteristics map in a control device.
  • an optimal engine speed is assigned to the input and/or output pressure at the expansion machine in a characteristic map; to determine the current operating state, the current input and/or output pressure is measured at the expansion machine, analyzed and adjusted with the aid of the characteristic map in the control device, in order to thereby adjust the engine speed.
  • the input and/or output temperature at the expansion machine may be assigned to an optimum engine speed in a characteristic map, and the current input and/or output temperature is measured at the expansion machine, analyzed and adjusted in the control device with the characteristic map so as to determine the current operating state, to then adjust the engine speed in this way.
  • the generator integrated with the expansion machine for steam generation in the ORC includes a coupled frequency converter for an operation at variable engine speeds.
  • a controlled bypass having at least one throttle valve is provided around the expansion machine in the ORC circuit.
  • this bypass is open initially, so that the working medium is routed around the expansion machine in order to avoid that liquid phase residue in the working medium makes its way into the expansion machine.
  • the bypass is closed and a steam valve upstream from the expansion machine is opened.
  • Waste-heat sources may be, for example, combined heat and power plants, industrial plants or boiler plants.
  • the starting phase of the expansion machine is optimized as well.
  • maximum operating safety and protection from coolant condensation are achieved if the run-up of the expansion machine, which is linked to the motor-operated generator, takes place without a coolant application. Since the partial coolant flow used for this purpose on the coolant side is routed via the generator unit, it absorbs the heat produced there by losses during motor-actuated operation.
  • the thermal condition of the expansion machine is monitored in the same way as other marginal conditions.
  • a minimum pressure of the coolant in the ORC circuit, switch-on conditions for a magnetic bearing of a turbine rotor and a check of all power units required for the operation, for example, are among such starting conditions.
  • a fully automatic and electronic runup process for the waste-heat recovery system thus takes place according to the present invention, as does an automated standard operation at variable operating engine speeds adapted to the prevailing operating situation, as well as a running-down operation.
  • the Figure represents an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and shows the schematic structure of a waste-heat recovery plant made up of an ORC post-connected thereto.
  • the components that are used in the operation of the ORC are an ORC circulation system 1 , a feeding pump 2 , an evaporator 3 , an expansion machine 4 for steam expansion, which is coupled to a generator 5 , a condenser 6 for recooling via a heat sink 7 , and heat exchangers 8 , 9 for preheating the working medium in ORC circulation system 1 .
  • the two heat exchangers 8 , 9 are connected in series downstream from feeding pump 2 .
  • First heat exchanger 8 downstream from feeding pump 2 is used as the first stage for the incoupling of low-temperature heat, and following heat exchanger 9 is used as a second stage for incoupling of the high-temperature heat from a waste-heat source 10 .
  • a second heating circuit 11 via its supply region, is connected to evaporator 3 of the ORC, because the temperature level initially is not high enough for its direct heating. After that, second heating circuit 11 discharges into second heat exchanger 9 on the return side, where it releases still existing residual heat to the ORC.
  • a liquid partial coolant flow 12 for cooling the expansion machine 4 is rerouted and first guided through generator 5 . Then, the coolant medium flows through the housing of expansion machine 4 and provides adequate heat dissipation there.
  • a steam valve 13 at the intake of expansion machine 4 is opened for steam expansion in the ORC, and during the further opening of steam valve 13 , a further run-up of the engine speed takes place, so that generator 5 transitions from motor-actuated operation to normal generator operation.
  • a controlled bypass 14 having at least one throttle valve is provided around expansion machine 4 .
  • This bypass 14 is initially open in the start-up phase, i.e., at a still relatively low temperature of the working medium.
  • the working medium is routed around expansion machine 4 in this way.
  • throttle valve 15 in bypass 14 is closed, and steam valve 13 upstream from expansion machine 4 is opened.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
US13/997,587 2010-12-24 2011-12-21 Waste-heat recovery system Abandoned US20140013750A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010056272A DE102010056272A1 (de) 2010-12-24 2010-12-24 Abwärmenutzungsanlage
DE102010056272.6 2010-12-24
PCT/EP2011/073602 WO2012085093A1 (de) 2010-12-24 2011-12-21 Abwärmenutzungsanlage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140013750A1 true US20140013750A1 (en) 2014-01-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/997,587 Abandoned US20140013750A1 (en) 2010-12-24 2011-12-21 Waste-heat recovery system

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20140013750A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2655810A1 (de)
CN (1) CN103270254B (de)
DE (1) DE102010056272A1 (de)
RU (1) RU2589985C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2012085093A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3447257A1 (de) * 2017-08-21 2019-02-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum beschleunigen einer dampfturbine
CN112160808A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2021-01-01 昆明理工大学 一种舰船燃气轮机余热回收功冷联供系统

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE102012021326B4 (de) * 2012-10-26 2014-05-15 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren zum Erzeugen von elektrischer Energie und Energieerzeugungsanlage
CN108868931B (zh) * 2018-08-07 2024-07-05 西安热工研究院有限公司 高效灵活的燃气超临界二氧化碳联合循环热电联产系统

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US20060101821A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2006-05-18 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Rankine cycle system
US6986251B2 (en) * 2003-06-17 2006-01-17 Utc Power, Llc Organic rankine cycle system for use with a reciprocating engine
US7200996B2 (en) * 2004-05-06 2007-04-10 United Technologies Corporation Startup and control methods for an ORC bottoming plant
US20070245737A1 (en) * 2006-04-19 2007-10-25 Denso Corporation Waste heat utilization device and control method thereof
US20090071156A1 (en) * 2007-09-14 2009-03-19 Denso Corporation Waste heat recovery apparatus
US20100205959A1 (en) * 2007-10-17 2010-08-19 Junichiro Kasuya Waste Heat Utilization Device for Internal Combustion Engine
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US20110088394A1 (en) * 2009-10-15 2011-04-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Waste heat regeneration system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3447257A1 (de) * 2017-08-21 2019-02-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum beschleunigen einer dampfturbine
CN112160808A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2021-01-01 昆明理工大学 一种舰船燃气轮机余热回收功冷联供系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102010056272A1 (de) 2012-06-28
WO2012085093A1 (de) 2012-06-28
CN103270254A (zh) 2013-08-28
CN103270254B (zh) 2015-09-23
RU2013134395A (ru) 2015-01-27
EP2655810A1 (de) 2013-10-30
RU2589985C2 (ru) 2016-07-10

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Owner name: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MULLER, STEFAN;HERRMANN, KONRAD;TEMELCI-ANDON, ANAYET;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20130709 TO 20130710;REEL/FRAME:031148/0972

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