US20130314053A1 - Battery management unit - Google Patents

Battery management unit Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130314053A1
US20130314053A1 US13/956,113 US201313956113A US2013314053A1 US 20130314053 A1 US20130314053 A1 US 20130314053A1 US 201313956113 A US201313956113 A US 201313956113A US 2013314053 A1 US2013314053 A1 US 2013314053A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
charging
terminal
control unit
switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/956,113
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English (en)
Inventor
Toshiya Iwasaki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Assigned to SANYO ELECTRIC CO., LTD. reassignment SANYO ELECTRIC CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: IWASAKI, TOSHIYA
Publication of US20130314053A1 publication Critical patent/US20130314053A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H02J7/0052—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a battery management unit which can monitor a terminal-to-terminal voltage of a storage battery, and more particular to a battery management unit which can monitor a terminal-to-terminal voltage of a storage battery when charging the storage battery.
  • a storage battery is a secondary battery that is rechargeable. However, in order to utilize the power storage capacity thereof as much as possible, charging is preferably performed up to a charge limit, and the power having been charged up to the maximum is discharged for use. With charging to the charge limit referred to as full charge, a charging method is preferred which can attain full charge in as short a time as possible.
  • Patent Literature 1 describes, as a charging method for a storage battery, a method in which constant current charging is performed according to a current set value, and when a battery voltage reaches a voltage set value, constant current charging is switched to constant voltage charging is performed.
  • PATENT LITERATURE 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-152984
  • a switching is performed at the time at which a terminal-to-terminal voltage of the storage battery is still in a state before reaching a threshold switching voltage, resulting in an extra time before reaching full charge.
  • a battery management unit comprises: a voltage acquiring section for acquiring a terminal-to-terminal voltage of a storage battery in which constant current charging is being performed under control from a charging control unit; and a transmission processing section for, when an acquired terminal-to-terminal voltage of the storage battery reaches a predetermined threshold switching voltage, transmitting a switching command for prompting the charging control unit to switch from the constant current charging to constant voltage charging.
  • an appropriate time is provided for switching from the constant current charging to the constant voltage charging.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a configuration of a charging system in which a battery management unit is used according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a set of graphs for explaining a state in which constant current charging is switched to constant voltage charging.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a charging procedure performed when the battery management unit is used according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a charging procedure which is different from FIG. 3 .
  • a lithium ion battery will be described as a storage battery, but a storage battery other than the lithium ion battery may be used.
  • a nickel hydrogen battery, a nickel cadmium battery, or the like may be used.
  • a case of charging a battery assembly, in which a plurality of storage batteries are connected in series for obtaining an appropriate terminal-to-terminal voltage and an appropriate charging capacity is described, but a single storage battery may be charged as a matter of course.
  • the battery assembly may be constituted with a plurality of storage batteries connected in parallel, or, the battery assembly may be constituted with a plurality of batteries connected in series/parallel combination.
  • the terminal-to-terminal voltage of a battery assembly or the terminal-to-terminal voltage of a storage battery described in the following is an example for description, and may be changed as appropriate according to specification of the battery assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for showing a configuration of a charging system 10 in which a battery management unit 20 is used.
  • the charging system 10 is constituted by including a battery assembly 14 in which a plurality of storage batteries 12 are connected in series, a switching unit 16 , a charging control unit 18 , and a battery management unit 20 .
  • the charging system 10 is a system which uses a terminal-to-terminal voltage V B of the battery assembly 14 that is acquired by the battery management unit 20 to appropriately full-charge the battery assembly 14 .
  • the battery assembly 14 is constituted by connecting a plurality of storage batteries 12 in series to obtain a desired terminal-to-terminal voltage V B and a charging capacity.
  • the storage battery 12 to be used is a battery in which a plurality of lithium ion unit storage batteries having a terminal-to-terminal voltage of several volts, called a unit cell, are connected in series/parallel combination. With this configuration, a terminal-to-terminal voltage of each of the storage batteries 12 is set at several tens of volts, and a terminal-to-terminal voltage V B of the battery assembly 14 is set at about 200 to 300V.
  • the battery assembly 14 is constituted with a plurality of storage batteries for obtaining an appropriate terminal-to-terminal voltage and a charging capacity, and substantially, the battery assembly 14 may be assumed to be a single storage battery of large capacity.
  • the switching unit 16 is disposed between the battery assembly 14 and the charging control unit 18 in series, and has a function for connecting or shielding between the battery assembly 14 and the charging control unit 18 .
  • a switching element for a large current can be used. More specifically, a power MOSFET or IGBT can be used. A relay, a circuit breaker or the like may be used.
  • the switching unit 16 is, during charging, turned on to be in a connected state basically, and it is turned off to be in a shielded state in a case where overcharging must be prevented or the like. The operation of the switching unit 16 is controlled by the battery management unit 20 .
  • the charging control unit 18 has a function for controlling a charging current supplied to the battery assembly 14 through the switching unit 16 that is in a connected state, so that the battery assembly 14 can be fully charged in a short time with certainty. More specifically, at the start of charging, a predetermined constant current is supplied to the battery assembly 14 for performing constant current charging, and when approaching a fully charged state, the constant current charging is switched to constant voltage charging.
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory set of graphs that shows a state in which the constant current charging is switched to the constant voltage charging. Since the set of graphs is intended for explanation, it is assumed that the battery assembly 14 and the charging control unit 18 are directly connected, with an internal resistance of the switching unit 16 in FIG. 1 being equal to zero.
  • FIG. 2 two graphs are shown with an abscissa representing common time t.
  • the ordinate represents a charging current I
  • the ordinate represents a terminal-to-terminal voltage V of the battery assembly 14 .
  • charging is performed with a small current value until time t 1 . This mode of charging during this period is provided to avoid suddenly performing constant current charging with a large current in an empty charge state of the battery assembly 14 in which little charging has been performed in an initial state.
  • the constant current charging is started with a predetermined constant current I 0 .
  • a value of the constant current I 0 is set to be a significantly large current in order to approach a fully charged state in a short time.
  • a charging current is kept at a constant value of I 0 .
  • the switching unit 16 is connected in series between the charging control unit 18 and the battery assembly 14 , and as a result, voltage drop occurs between both terminals of the switching unit 16 due to the charging current I.
  • An issue here is whether the voltage V 0 at which switching to the constant voltage charging is performed should be compared with a terminal-to-terminal voltage V B on the battery assembly 14 side of the switching unit 16 or it should be compared with a terminal-to-terminal voltage V A on the charging control unit 18 side of the switching unit 16 .
  • V A V B +IR, which means that V A is larger than V B by an amount of IR which is a voltage drop amount.
  • the terminal-to-terminal voltage V A on the charging control unit 18 side of the switching unit 16 is a voltage which the charging control unit 18 can easily acquire. Therefore, it is convenient for the charging control unit 18 to use the terminal-to-terminal voltage V A for comparison with V 0 , and to switch to the constant voltage charging at the time when V A reaches V 0 .
  • switching to the constant voltage charging occurs before an actual terminal-to-terminal voltage V B of the battery assembly 14 reaches V 0 .
  • time t 3 at which the battery assembly 14 reaches full charge is delayed when compared with a case in which switching to the constant voltage charging is performed at a time when V B reaches V 0 . This is a problem to be solved by the present invention.
  • the battery management unit 20 includes a voltage acquiring section 22 for acquiring the terminal-to-terminal voltage V B , and a transmission processing section 24 for, when the acquired terminal-to-terminal voltage V B reaches a predetermined threshold switching voltage, transmitting a switching command for prompting the charging control unit 18 to switch from constant current charging to constant voltage charging.
  • a threshold switching voltage a voltage can be used which is lower than a charging upper limit voltage, being a limit under which the battery assembly 14 is not over-charged, by an amount of a predetermined marginal voltage.
  • V 0 for the threshold switching voltage in the following.
  • the battery management unit 20 is equipped with a charging stop processing section 26 .
  • the charging stop processing section 26 has a function to turn off the switching unit 16 when a confirmation signal about reception of the switching command is not received from the charging control unit 18 within a predetermined time period after the transmission of the switching command. For example, if switching to the constant voltage charging by the charging control unit 18 delays even when the battery management units 20 transmits the switching command, the battery assembly 14 may be over-charged. In that case, the switching unit 16 can be turned off by the function of the charging stop processing section 26 .
  • the battery management unit 20 includes a calibration voltage transmission processing section 28 .
  • the calibration voltage transmission processing section 28 has a function for acquiring the terminal-to-terminal voltage V B and generating a calibration voltage for calibrating a voltage difference from the terminal-to-terminal voltage V A that the charging control unit 18 can acquire, and then transmitting the calibration voltage to the charging control unit 18 .
  • the calibration voltage can use a terminal-to-terminal voltage V B at the start of charging. By doing this, the charging control unit 18 can calculate a calibrated terminal-to-terminal voltage immediately after the start of charging.
  • the charging control unit 18 can appropriately perform switching to the constant voltage charging by using the calibrated terminal-to-terminal voltage. For example, in a case where the switching command is not transmitted by accident, or transmission of the switching command is delayed because of other interrupt processing, or the like, or, even in a case where it takes time for processing after the switching command is received because of internal processing of the charging control unit 18 , the charging control unit 18 can appropriately perform switching to the constant voltage charging.
  • the above-described battery management unit 20 can be constituted with a computer having an appropriate performance. More specifically, the battery management unit 20 is constituted with a built-in type microprocessor having an appropriate processing speed and appropriate storage capacity.
  • the appropriate processing speed and the appropriate storage capacity mean, for example, a speed lower than the processing speed of the charging control unit 18 which is also constituted with a computer and a storage capacity of small scale, respectively.
  • each of functions of the battery management unit 20 can be realized by executing software, or more specifically, by executing a charging program. A part of such a function may be realized using hardware.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are flow charts showing a charging procedure.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart in a case where a function of the calibration voltage transmission processing section 28 is not used, among the functions of the battery management unit 20 .
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart in a case where the function of the calibration voltage transmission processing section 28 is also used.
  • a terminal-to-terminal voltage of each of the storage batteries 12 is detected by a voltage detector, not shown in the drawings, and is transferred to the battery management unit 20 .
  • the battery management unit 20 adds together the terminal-to-terminal voltages of the storage batteries 12 that have been transferred, to calculate and acquire a terminal-to-terminal voltage V B of the battery assembly 14 .
  • the battery management unit 20 has a management function for acquiring, in addition to acquisition of a terminal-to-terminal voltage of the storage battery 12 constituting the battery assembly 14 , a temperature of the storage battery 12 that is detected by a temperature detector, which is not shown in the drawings, and a current flowing through the battery assembly 14 that is detected by a current detector, not shown in the drawings.
  • the voltage, temperature, and current that have been acquired are transmitted to a monitor unit, that is not shown in the drawings, and are utilized for charge/discharge control of the battery assembly 14 .
  • a command reception confirmation signal has been received from the charging control unit 18 , within a predetermined time period (S 18 ).
  • the length of the predetermined time period is set to just under a limit at which the battery assembly 14 is overcharged even if the constant current charging is continued. In a case where the determination of S 18 is positive, switching is performed from constant current charging control to constant voltage charging control at the charging control unit 18 , and a series of processes ends.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart explaining a state in which a function of the calibration voltage transmission processing section 28 of the battery management unit 20 is also used in addition to the procedure of FIG. 3 .
  • a step indicated with a frame of a solid line is a step similar to FIG. 3 , and is a step executed by the battery management unit 20 .
  • a step surrounded with a frame of a dashed line is a step executed by the charging control unit 18 .
  • a calibration V B is acquired (S 22 ).
  • Acquisition of the calibration V B is, like acquisition of V B in S 12 , to acquire the terminal-to-terminal voltage V B of the battery assembly 14 , but the acquired V B is not used for comparison with V 0 , and instead, it is used by the charging control unit 18 to calibrate the terminal-to-terminal voltage V A . Therefore, the step of S 22 is required to be executed before the terminal-to-terminal voltage V B reaches V 0 . It is preferably performed immediately after S 10 .
  • the acquired calibration V B is transmitted to the charging control unit 18 (S 24 ).
  • the step is executed by a function of the calibration voltage transmission processing section 28 of the battery management unit 20 .
  • the processing performed by the battery management unit 20 ends with S 24 .
  • the processing is performed by the charging control unit 18 that has received the calibration V B .
  • a terminal-to-terminal voltage at the time when the calibration V B is received is acquired and is used as a calibration V A .
  • the calibration V B and the calibration V A are used to calculate a calibration voltage difference V C (S 26 ).
  • V C acquisition of the terminal-to-terminal voltage V A is performed by the charging control unit 18 (S 28 ).
  • the V B that is calibrated and calculated is a terminal-to-terminal voltage of the battery assembly 14 which is estimated from V A .
  • a time at which the terminal-to-terminal voltage V B of the battery assembly 14 reaches V 0 can be estimated on the side of the charging control unit 18 .
  • V A that has been acquired is compared with (V 0 +V C ) (S 30 ).
  • This process corresponds to the comparison between V B and V 0 in S 14 , described in FIG. 3 . Therefore, until V A comes to be (V 0 +V C ), the process returns to S 28 , and acquisition of the terminal-to-terminal voltage V A is continued. During that period, at the charging control unit 18 , control of the constant current charging is continued. Then, when V A reaches (V 0 +V C ), it is the time of switching to constant voltage charging.
  • the battery management unit according to the present invention can be used for charging control of a storage battery.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
US13/956,113 2011-07-12 2013-07-31 Battery management unit Abandoned US20130314053A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2011153919 2011-07-12
JP2011-153919 2011-07-12
PCT/JP2012/066226 WO2013008614A1 (fr) 2011-07-12 2012-06-26 Unité de gestion de batteries

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2012/066226 Continuation WO2013008614A1 (fr) 2011-07-12 2012-06-26 Unité de gestion de batteries

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JP (1) JPWO2013008614A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013008614A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016050403A1 (fr) * 2014-10-02 2016-04-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système de gestion de batterie et procédé d'étalonnage d'un capteur d'un système de gestion de batterie
EP3316446A1 (fr) * 2016-11-01 2018-05-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Procédé et appareil de charge de batterie

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020000788A1 (en) * 1997-09-30 2002-01-03 Kim Ostergaard Method and apparatus for charging a rechargeable battery
US7915835B2 (en) * 2007-04-10 2011-03-29 Sony Corporation Imaging apparatus, strobe device, and charging-control method

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JPH07147729A (ja) * 1993-11-24 1995-06-06 Toyota Motor Corp バッテリの充電制御装置
JP3739820B2 (ja) * 1994-09-22 2006-01-25 松下電器産業株式会社 充電装置
JP2003235173A (ja) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-22 Nichicon Corp 電気二重層キャパシタの充電方法
JP2004328916A (ja) * 2003-04-25 2004-11-18 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 充電装置
JP2008206259A (ja) * 2007-02-19 2008-09-04 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 充電システム、充電装置、及び電池パック
US20080218127A1 (en) * 2007-03-07 2008-09-11 O2Micro Inc. Battery management systems with controllable adapter output
JP4966822B2 (ja) * 2007-10-30 2012-07-04 パナソニック株式会社 充電システム、及び電池パック
JP5492464B2 (ja) * 2009-06-11 2014-05-14 ソニーモバイルコミュニケーションズ株式会社 電池パック、充電装置および移動機

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020000788A1 (en) * 1997-09-30 2002-01-03 Kim Ostergaard Method and apparatus for charging a rechargeable battery
US7915835B2 (en) * 2007-04-10 2011-03-29 Sony Corporation Imaging apparatus, strobe device, and charging-control method

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016050403A1 (fr) * 2014-10-02 2016-04-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système de gestion de batterie et procédé d'étalonnage d'un capteur d'un système de gestion de batterie
CN106716168A (zh) * 2014-10-02 2017-05-24 罗伯特·博世有限公司 电池组管理系统和用于校准电池组管理系统的传感器的方法
EP3316446A1 (fr) * 2016-11-01 2018-05-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Procédé et appareil de charge de batterie
CN108023375A (zh) * 2016-11-01 2018-05-11 三星电子株式会社 充电电池的方法和装置
US10985590B2 (en) 2016-11-01 2021-04-20 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for charging battery
US11929468B2 (en) 2016-11-01 2024-03-12 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for charging battery

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WO2013008614A1 (fr) 2013-01-17
JPWO2013008614A1 (ja) 2015-02-23

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AS Assignment

Owner name: SANYO ELECTRIC CO., LTD., JAPAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:IWASAKI, TOSHIYA;REEL/FRAME:030948/0240

Effective date: 20130719

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION