US20130008099A1 - Construction System for Walls above Ground Level - Google Patents

Construction System for Walls above Ground Level Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130008099A1
US20130008099A1 US13/635,610 US201113635610A US2013008099A1 US 20130008099 A1 US20130008099 A1 US 20130008099A1 US 201113635610 A US201113635610 A US 201113635610A US 2013008099 A1 US2013008099 A1 US 2013008099A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
insulating panel
construction system
wall
inner insulating
surface layer
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Abandoned
Application number
US13/635,610
Inventor
Patrick Toorell
Kent Hankvist
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Sto SE and Co KGaA
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Sto SE and Co KGaA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Sto SE and Co KGaA filed Critical Sto SE and Co KGaA
Publication of US20130008099A1 publication Critical patent/US20130008099A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/706—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function
    • E04B2/707—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function obturation by means of panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/90—Passive houses; Double facade technology

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction system for walls situated above the ground and that comprise thermal insulation having an applied surface layer.
  • Known construction systems of the type mentioned comprise insulation having an air gap between the insulation and the external masonry, or else the insulation is moisture resistant and does not come off through moisture, or that drainage grooves are arranged along one side surface of insulation panels. Furthermore, thermally insulating drainage panels may be present but that are not formed of cellular plastic material and that are not suitable to be used for rendering.
  • the main object of the present invention is therefore primarily to provide a construction system that, among other things, solves the above-mentioned disadvantages and that allows reliable and efficient construction of walls having external rendering on the wall.
  • a construction system that essentially is characterized in that an inner insulating panel, which is carried on the wall, has a thermal insulating function as well as a draining function internally in said combined thermally insulating and draining inner insulating panel, and that a surface layer in the form of render forms an external surface layer outside said inner insulating panel.
  • FIGS. 1 and 1A show a first example of a construction system according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 2A show a second embodiment example of a construction system according to the invention.
  • a wall (300) of a passive building is previously known and that comprises insulating panels (304, 306) that are separated from each other by means of a waterproof and vapour proof barrier (305).
  • FIGS. 17-18 in said WO 2009/040376 A1 and FIG. 3 therein in that connection it is possible to omit the insulation (306, 304) on either the inside (302) or the outside (301) of this waterproof and vapour proof barrier (305). Furthermore, the outer insulation (304) and the inner insulation (306) may have a thickness of between 1 and 600 mm.
  • Said waterproof and vapour proof barrier (305) may consist of many different materials, for instance steel, aluminium or other metal materials, wood, plastic, glass fibre or a combination thereof, but most preferably of steel.
  • An essential function of a building wall is that the wall is thermally insulated to save energy in heating occasions for the building in question.
  • a further essential function is that the building wall has a draining function to prevent moisture from entering into the building in question.
  • said problems are solved by there being arranged a thermal insulation and by this insulation in addition having a draining function thanks to it being formed of a combined thermally insulating and draining inner insulating panel 3 ; 103 .
  • the invention is an air barrier and a weatherproofing of façades of a second layer. As a weatherproofing of a second layer, it also protects against attacks by the elements during the construction process.
  • the air barrier consists of a plurality of components that are applied continuously and unbroken to the outside of the structure and at connecting pieces and lead-throughs. The construction process should be carried out professionally in such an order that it is possible to guarantee the continuity and long-term durability of the air barrier.
  • vapour barrier/vapour retarder such as, e.g., internal PE film.
  • a vapour barrier should be located on the warm side of the wall structure. If a vapour barrier is not used, the wall structure and ventilation have to be adapted in the moisture dimensioning.
  • FIG. 1 in the form of a perspective view of a wall 2 according to the invention, comprising an inner insulating panel that has a thermal insulating function as well as a draining function internally in the same, and in FIG. 1A in the form of a cross-sectional view, differs from the wall 202 shown in FIG. 2 in the form of a perspective view and in FIG. 2A in the form of a cross-sectional view by this further shown wall 102 comprising a further carried insulating panel 106 that is situated outside the combined thermally insulating and draining inner insulating panel 103 and has a thermal insulating function.
  • a construction system 1 ; 101 according to the present invention which is intended to be used for walls 2 ; 202 that are situated above the ground and that comprise thermal insulation having an applied surface layer, comprises an inner insulating panel 3 ; 103 in the wall 2 ; 202 , and which is carried on the wall and preferably on the proper frame 11 ; 111 of the wall and has a thermal insulating function as well as a draining function, internally in said combined thermally insulating and draining inner insulating panel 3 ; 103 .
  • a surface layer in the form of an outer facade layer 5 ; 105 of render forms an external primary surface layer outside said inner insulating panel 3 ; 103 . Outside said outer facade layer of proper scratch coat 5 ; 105 , there is an outermost layer of finishing coat 17 ; 117 , which is thin and essentially lends the wall 2 ; 202 its intended colour and/or structure.
  • the construction system 1 ; 101 comprises an additional insulating panel 6 ; 106 carried in the wall 2 ; 102 .
  • Said insulating panel 6 ; 106 is carried outside the combined insulating and draining inner insulating panel 3 ; 103 and that has thermally insulating function.
  • Said inner combined insulating and draining insulating panel 3 ; 103 is formed of a suitable cellular plastic material, and said insulating panel 106 situated outside the same is formed of cellular plastic material.
  • Fastening of the first inner combined insulating and draining insulating panel 3 ; 103 takes place in such a way that it is pasted to a suitable substructure 8 ; 108 in the form of a frame protection that can breathe.
  • said second external insulating panel 106 is pasted to a substructure, preferably to said inner combined insulation and drainage panel 103 on the outside 103 A thereof by, e.g., being glued thereon.
  • reinforcement 4 ; 104 e.g., glass-fibre fabric, may be laid in the scratch coat layer 5 ; 105 of the wall 2 ; 102 , said outer insulating panel 106 being ground on the outer surface 106 A thereof so as to be well cleaned and smooth before reinforcement and scratch coating.
  • stiffening panels 16 ; 116 provided with frame protection 8 ; 108 to which the inner insulating panel 3 ; 103 is attached by pasting by means of paste 9 ; 109 applied by a notched trowel, as the outer panel 106 is pasted by paste 110 applied by a notched trowel.
  • seal foam is filled so that no hollow spaces between the same arise that can propagate heat/cold and moisture through the wall 2 ; 102 .
  • a thermal insulation in the interior of the proper wall is designated by the numerals 15 and 115 , respectively, and in the drawings, this insulation 15 ; 115 is carried by the crossbars 11 ; 111 of the wall 2 ; 102 and accordingly forms the wall frame.
  • the numerals 16 and 116 designate a substructure in the form of a board on said thermal insulation 15 ; 115 .
  • This board 16 ; 116 is suitably attached by screws 7 ; 107 on the crossbars 11 ; 111 .
  • Outer surface layers could alternatively be a suitable paint as a complement to or as a replacement for the outermost render layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction system (101) for walls (102) situated above the ground and that comprise thermal insulation having an applied surface layer (105). According to the invention, an inner insulating panel (103), which is carried on the wall, has a thermal insulating function as well as a draining function. A surface layer in the form of render forms an external surface layer (105) outside said inner insulating panel (103).

Description

  • The present invention relates to a construction system for walls situated above the ground and that comprise thermal insulation having an applied surface layer.
  • Known construction systems of the type mentioned comprise insulation having an air gap between the insulation and the external masonry, or else the insulation is moisture resistant and does not come off through moisture, or that drainage grooves are arranged along one side surface of insulation panels. Furthermore, thermally insulating drainage panels may be present but that are not formed of cellular plastic material and that are not suitable to be used for rendering.
  • The main object of the present invention is therefore primarily to provide a construction system that, among other things, solves the above-mentioned disadvantages and that allows reliable and efficient construction of walls having external rendering on the wall.
  • Said object is achieved by a construction system according to the present invention that essentially is characterized in that an inner insulating panel, which is carried on the wall, has a thermal insulating function as well as a draining function internally in said combined thermally insulating and draining inner insulating panel, and that a surface layer in the form of render forms an external surface layer outside said inner insulating panel.
  • The invention is described below in the form of a couple of preferred embodiment examples, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which
  • FIGS. 1 and 1A show a first example of a construction system according to the invention, and
  • FIGS. 2 and 2A show a second embodiment example of a construction system according to the invention.
    •
  • By WO 2009/040376 A1, a wall (300) of a passive building is previously known and that comprises insulating panels (304, 306) that are separated from each other by means of a waterproof and vapour proof barrier (305).
  • According to the disclosure, FIGS. 17-18 in said WO 2009/040376 A1 and FIG. 3 therein, in that connection it is possible to omit the insulation (306, 304) on either the inside (302) or the outside (301) of this waterproof and vapour proof barrier (305). Furthermore, the outer insulation (304) and the inner insulation (306) may have a thickness of between 1 and 600 mm.
  • Said waterproof and vapour proof barrier (305) may consist of many different materials, for instance steel, aluminium or other metal materials, wood, plastic, glass fibre or a combination thereof, but most preferably of steel.
  • An essential function of a building wall is that the wall is thermally insulated to save energy in heating occasions for the building in question.
  • A further essential function is that the building wall has a draining function to prevent moisture from entering into the building in question.
  • According to said known WO 2009/040376 A1, if outer thermal insulation (304) is omitted and said waterproof and vapour proof barrier (305) is allowed to consist of, e.g., wood, such a wall will not be good for the building in question if moisture enters through the outer wall to said barrier (305). Then, the wall should become as a sponge that sucks up moisture.
  • According to the present invention, said problems are solved by there being arranged a thermal insulation and by this insulation in addition having a draining function thanks to it being formed of a combined thermally insulating and draining inner insulating panel 3; 103.
  • The invention is an air barrier and a weatherproofing of façades of a second layer. As a weatherproofing of a second layer, it also protects against attacks by the elements during the construction process. By the invention as a frame protecting air barrier, the risk of condensate in the wall structure is minimized. The air barrier consists of a plurality of components that are applied continuously and unbroken to the outside of the structure and at connecting pieces and lead-throughs. The construction process should be carried out professionally in such an order that it is possible to guarantee the continuity and long-term durability of the air barrier.
  • The function as air barrier should not be confused with vapour barrier/vapour retarder such as, e.g., internal PE film. A vapour barrier should be located on the warm side of the wall structure. If a vapour barrier is not used, the wall structure and ventilation have to be adapted in the moisture dimensioning.
  • The embodiment example shown in FIG. 1 in the form of a perspective view of a wall 2 according to the invention, comprising an inner insulating panel that has a thermal insulating function as well as a draining function internally in the same, and in FIG. 1A in the form of a cross-sectional view, differs from the wall 202 shown in FIG. 2 in the form of a perspective view and in FIG. 2A in the form of a cross-sectional view by this further shown wall 102 comprising a further carried insulating panel 106 that is situated outside the combined thermally insulating and draining inner insulating panel 103 and has a thermal insulating function.
  • A construction system 1; 101 according to the present invention, which is intended to be used for walls 2; 202 that are situated above the ground and that comprise thermal insulation having an applied surface layer, comprises an inner insulating panel 3; 103 in the wall 2; 202, and which is carried on the wall and preferably on the proper frame 11; 111 of the wall and has a thermal insulating function as well as a draining function, internally in said combined thermally insulating and draining inner insulating panel 3; 103. A surface layer in the form of an outer facade layer 5; 105 of render forms an external primary surface layer outside said inner insulating panel 3; 103. Outside said outer facade layer of proper scratch coat 5; 105, there is an outermost layer of finishing coat 17; 117, which is thin and essentially lends the wall 2; 202 its intended colour and/or structure.
  • Furthermore, the construction system 1; 101 comprises an additional insulating panel 6; 106 carried in the wall 2; 102. Said insulating panel 6; 106 is carried outside the combined insulating and draining inner insulating panel 3; 103 and that has thermally insulating function.
  • Said inner combined insulating and draining insulating panel 3; 103 is formed of a suitable cellular plastic material, and said insulating panel 106 situated outside the same is formed of cellular plastic material.
  • Fastening of the first inner combined insulating and draining insulating panel 3; 103 takes place in such a way that it is pasted to a suitable substructure 8; 108 in the form of a frame protection that can breathe. Also said second external insulating panel 106 is pasted to a substructure, preferably to said inner combined insulation and drainage panel 103 on the outside 103A thereof by, e.g., being glued thereon.
  • In order to reinforce the wall 2; 102, reinforcement 4; 104, e.g., glass-fibre fabric, may be laid in the scratch coat layer 5; 105 of the wall 2; 102, said outer insulating panel 106 being ground on the outer surface 106A thereof so as to be well cleaned and smooth before reinforcement and scratch coating.
  • Inside the first inner insulating/drainage panel 3; 103, there are attached stiffening panels 16; 116 provided with frame protection 8; 108, to which the inner insulating panel 3; 103 is attached by pasting by means of paste 9; 109 applied by a notched trowel, as the outer panel 106 is pasted by paste 110 applied by a notched trowel.
  • Between gaps and possible positions of faults in said insulating panels 3; 103, 106, seal foam is filled so that no hollow spaces between the same arise that can propagate heat/cold and moisture through the wall 2; 102.
  • Outside said outer facade layer of proper scratch coat 5; 105, there is an outermost layer of finishing coat 17; 117, which is thin and essentially lends the wall 2; 202 its intended colour and/or structure.
  • A thermal insulation in the interior of the proper wall is designated by the numerals 15 and 115, respectively, and in the drawings, this insulation 15; 115 is carried by the crossbars 11; 111 of the wall 2; 102 and accordingly forms the wall frame.
  • Further, the numerals 16 and 116, respectively, designate a substructure in the form of a board on said thermal insulation 15; 115. This board 16; 116 is suitably attached by screws 7; 107 on the crossbars 11; 111.
  • The nature and function should be understood from what has been described above and shown in the drawings, but the invention is naturally not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications are feasible, particularly as for the nature of the different parts, or by using an equivalent technique, without departing from the protection area of the invention, such as it is defined in the claims.
  • Outer surface layers could alternatively be a suitable paint as a complement to or as a replacement for the outermost render layer.

Claims (13)

1.-12. (canceled)
13. A construction system for a wall situated above ground with thermal insulation having an applied surface layer, comprising:
an inner insulating panel, which is carried on the wall, the inner insulating panel being configured internally for thermally insulating and draining, and
a surface layer forming an external surface layer outside the inner insulating panel.
14. The construction system of claim 13, wherein the inner insulating panel is formed of cellular plastic material.
15. The construction system of claim 13, further comprising a carried insulating panel situated outside the inner insulating panel, wherein the carried insulating panel is configured for thermally insulating.
16. The construction system of claim 15, wherein the carried insulating panel is formed of cellular plastic material.
17. The construction system of claim 13, wherein a first inner insulating panel is pasted to a substructure or frame of the wall.
18. The construction system of claim 17, wherein a second outer insulating panel is pasted to the substructure.
19. The construction system of claim 18, wherein the second outer insulating panel is pasted directly onto the first inner insulating panel.
20. The construction system of claim 18, further comprising reinforcement laid in a scratch coat surface layer of the wall, the second outer insulating panel being cleaned and smoothed before reinforcement and scratch coating.
21. The construction system of claim 20, wherein the reinforcement is formed of fiberglass.
22. The construction system of claim 17, further comprising stiffening panels attached internally of the first inner insulating panel.
23. The construction system of claim 18, further comprising foam sealant filled into gaps and between flaws in the insulating panels.
24. The construction system of claim 13, wherein the inner insulating panel is carried on a frame of the wall.
US13/635,610 2010-03-19 2011-03-15 Construction System for Walls above Ground Level Abandoned US20130008099A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1050258-1 2010-03-19
SE1050258A SE1050258A1 (en) 2010-03-19 2010-03-19 Building system for walls above ground
PCT/SE2011/050282 WO2011115557A1 (en) 2010-03-19 2011-03-15 A construction system for walls above ground level

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US20130008099A1 true US20130008099A1 (en) 2013-01-10

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US13/635,610 Abandoned US20130008099A1 (en) 2010-03-19 2011-03-15 Construction System for Walls above Ground Level

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US (1) US20130008099A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2547836A4 (en)
CA (1) CA2791374A1 (en)
SE (1) SE1050258A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011115557A1 (en)

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US20160314219A1 (en) * 2014-04-10 2016-10-27 Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited Method and apparatus for invoking application programming interface
US20180101394A1 (en) * 2014-04-30 2018-04-12 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method and embedded device for loading driver

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE539841C2 (en) * 2014-03-26 2017-12-19 Sto Scandinavia Ab Prefabricated facade elements and process for manufacturing the same

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CH666713A5 (en) * 1984-11-12 1988-08-15 All Systembau Ag STRUCTURE, LIKE WALL, WALL, WALL, FACADE, COMPOSITE PANEL.
US5245809A (en) * 1991-05-16 1993-09-21 Harrington Bruce E Urethane insulating panel and method
CA2104175C (en) * 1992-09-29 2003-11-04 Geoffrey W. Blaney Building block; system and method for construction using same
AU751815B2 (en) * 1997-12-23 2002-08-29 Rohm And Haas Company Laminated wall structure
US5979131A (en) * 1998-04-15 1999-11-09 Sto Corp. Exterior insulation and finish system
US6233890B1 (en) * 1999-02-24 2001-05-22 United States Gypsum Company Drainable sheathing membrane for exterior wall assembly water management system
DE10007775A1 (en) * 2000-02-14 2001-08-16 Wki Isoliertechnik Gmbh Berlin Heat insulation plate of EPS/XPS has an exterior coating of water vapor-permeable, solid, frost- and dust-stable mineral material
EP1688552A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2006-08-09 Glenn Melvin Insulating cladding system
DK200701379A (en) * 2007-09-25 2009-03-26 Saint Gobain Isover Ab building Construction

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160314219A1 (en) * 2014-04-10 2016-10-27 Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited Method and apparatus for invoking application programming interface
US20180101394A1 (en) * 2014-04-30 2018-04-12 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method and embedded device for loading driver

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011115557A1 (en) 2011-09-22
SE534525C2 (en) 2011-09-20
EP2547836A4 (en) 2014-07-09
CA2791374A1 (en) 2011-09-22
EP2547836A1 (en) 2013-01-23
SE1050258A1 (en) 2011-09-20

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