US20130000867A1 - Hybrid Cooling System - Google Patents

Hybrid Cooling System Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130000867A1
US20130000867A1 US13/513,730 US201013513730A US2013000867A1 US 20130000867 A1 US20130000867 A1 US 20130000867A1 US 201013513730 A US201013513730 A US 201013513730A US 2013000867 A1 US2013000867 A1 US 2013000867A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
cooling
water
wet
dry
condenser
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Abandoned
Application number
US13/513,730
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English (en)
Inventor
Zoltán Szabo
Lászlo Ludvig
András Balogh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA EGI Energiagazdalkodasi Zrt
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GEA EGI Energiagazdalkodasi Zrt
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Assigned to GEA EGI ENERGIAGAZDALKODASI ZRT. reassignment GEA EGI ENERGIAGAZDALKODASI ZRT. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BALOGH, ANDRAS, LUDVIG, LASZLO, SZABO, ZOLTAN
Publication of US20130000867A1 publication Critical patent/US20130000867A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
    • F01K9/003—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines condenser cooling circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B5/00—Condensers employing a combination of the methods covered by main groups F28B1/00 and F28B3/00; Other condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/04—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid
    • F28B9/06—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding, collecting, and storing cooling water or other cooling liquid with provision for re-cooling the cooling water or other cooling liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F28C1/14—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers comprising also a non-direct contact heat exchange
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to water-saving dry/wet cooling systems, i.e. to hybrid cooling systems for use in power plants and in other industrial cyclical processes.
  • the most widely used power plant and industrial cooling system is the so-called wet cooling system, in which the cooling water is allowed to evaporate freely to the environment.
  • dry or in other words air cooling systems which absolutely eliminate water consumption and the associated environmental damage, in which the cooling water is circulating in a closed cooling circuit.
  • hybrid cooling systems which are designed to combine the positive features of the wet and the dry cooling systems.
  • One such frequently applied hybrid system is the plume abatement hybrid cooling, which eliminates the disadvantages of wet cooling systems regarding the intensive emission of vapour, although it has a low water-saving ability.
  • This is a cooling system of a single circuit, a relevant part of which is wet cooling supplemented with dry air-cooled heat exchangers, located in the same cooling tower (or cooling cells). The arrangement is such that in the winter season the air emitted by the cooling tower is plume-free at least at the tower outlet as a result of being blended, due to the heating effect of dry cooling components.
  • the single circuit design on the water side implies that the circulated and condenser-heated cooling water enters the air cooler part first, and then it is taken to the wet tower fill (i.e. on the water side the dry and wet cooling parts are connected in series).
  • a conventional surface condenser is applied. This seems to be a simple and obvious solution, which could even be applied as a water-saving solution by substantially increasing the proportion of dry air-cooled surface.
  • the same cooling water is circulated in the dry air-cooled tubes as taken on the wet cooler fill, which is considered as being contaminated from the aspect of air-cooled heat exchangers.
  • the extended number and length of tubes in the air cooler make their cleaning difficult. Therefore, the dry air cooler section of the plume abatement cooling systems is frequently only used in the daytime so as to minimise deposition in the air cooler tubes by reducing the number of working hours. Using the known hybrid cooling system, all this also limits the ability of accomplishing a substantial water-saving by increasing the air cooler surface.
  • the object of our invention is to provide a dry/wet, i.e. hybrid cooling system which is exempt from the disadvantages of prior art solutions.
  • the object of the invention is especially to create a hybrid cooling system, which combines the advantages of dry and wet cooling, while entailing no extra maintenance requirements. It is a further object to make use of other benefits offered by the combined use of dry and wet cooling, as well as the creation of a hybrid cooling system in which the proportion of dry and wet sections can be altered arbitrarily depending on the environmental parameters and actual circumstances.
  • the invention is a hybrid cooling system defined in claim 1 .
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
  • An important idea of the solution according to the invention is that instead of a single water circuit, separate water circuits are to be applied for the wet cooling and the dry cooling.
  • an indirect air cooling circuit and a separate wet cooling circuit can be applied, which become according to the invention a dry/wet cooling system as a result of a common condenser coupled to the turbine. This enables the use of an optimal air cooler material in the dry cooling circuit and due to the circulated high purity water, deposits within the air cooler tubes can be totally eliminated.
  • the common condenser can be designed as such a surface condenser, which comprises a surface condenser part for each of the two cooling circuits.
  • the surface condenser parts or segments are preferably designed so that in winter when wet cooling is unnecessary, the surface condenser part associated with the wet cooling can be merged in the dry cooling circuit at least seasonally.
  • the dry cooling system constitutes a separate closed circuit and hence absolutely pure cooling water flows therein
  • a mixing condenser part i.e. direct contact condenser part
  • the indirect air cooling circuit may be implemented in the form of a classical Heller system.
  • the surface condenser part applied for the wet cooling circuit and the direct contact condenser part used for the air cooling circuit are located in one body, and constitute a surface/mixing hybrid condenser. The condensation of steam coming from the turbine is realised by the two cooling circuits in parallel from the aspect of the cooling effect.
  • the solution according to the invention may be preferably applied in the case of separately located wet and dry cooling towers, but also in a hybrid tower combining the two.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid cooling system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hybrid cooling system shown in FIG. 1 with the condensate polishing unit and de-aerator,
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment applicable in a hybrid cooling tower
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment comprising serially connected water-water heat exchangers
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment having water-water heat exchangers in serial and in parallel connection from the aspect of the dry circuit and serial connections from the aspect of the wet circuit,
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified modification of FIG. 5 from the aspect of water-water heat exchangers, with both condenser parts having a surface condenser instead of the direct contact condenser and the surface condenser segments, and
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show a wet-dry integration provided by water-water heat exchangers and having a similar layout to that of FIG. 5 , where the total condenser supports the dry circuit only, either in a direct contact condenser embodiment or in a surface condenser embodiment.
  • the solution according to the invention reduces costs even in two ways.
  • One advantage of the wet-dry cooling systems against the conventional wet systems is that in the colder period of the year, by means of a higher heat extraction at the dry cooling system, i.e. by means of a lower heat extraction at the wet cooling system part, the evaporation and deposition losses of the wet cooling system are reduced, and therefore a part of the total annual water consumption can be saved.
  • the application of dry heat exchangers in a separate pure water circuit according to the invention enables the use of lower cost structural materials, as well as beside the substantial reducing of maintenance costs, also the improvement of availability.
  • FIG. 1 the schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • This hybrid cooling system serves for condensing the exhaust steam of a steam turbine 10 , and it comprises a dry cooling circuit 11 and a dry air-cooled unit 12 for effecting heat dissipation of the cooling water flowing in the dry cooling circuit 11 , as well as a wet cooling circuit 14 and a wet cooled unit 15 for effecting heat dissipation of the cooling water circulated in the wet cooling circuit 14 .
  • the dry air-cooled unit 12 is preferably a dry cooling tower as shown in the figure, and the wet cooled unit 15 is preferably a wet cooling tower.
  • a cooling water pump 13 In the dry cooling circuit 11 , a cooling water pump 13 , and in the wet cooling circuit 14 a cooling water pump 16 is used for circulation.
  • the cooling water circulating in the dry cooling circuit 11 is separated from the cooling water flowing in the wet cooling circuit 14 , i.e. the cooling water of the two cooling circuits 11 and 14 do not mix, and the dry and wet cooling circuits are connected to a common condenser.
  • the common condenser for the two cooling circuits 11 and 14 can be, for example, a surface condenser which comprises a surface condenser part for each of the two cooling circuits 11 and 14 .
  • This may be preferred primarily in the cooling of nuclear power plants, where for safety reasons it is necessary to limit the extension of the turbine circuit (i.e. that the turbine circuit should not extend beyond the building part which serves for housing the conventional surface condensers).
  • the figure shows a preferred embodiment (mainly applicable in non-nuclear power plants), where the condenser is a hybrid condenser 17 comprising a direct contact condenser part connected to the dry cooling circuit 11 and a surface condenser part connected to the wet cooling circuit 14 .
  • the mixing condenser part and the surface condenser part are located preferably in an arbitrary sequence one after the other in the direction of the flowing steam or side by side.
  • the sequential arrangement is more advantageous due to the uniformity of pressure relations in the steam condenser shell than the side by side arrangement.
  • the exhaust steam coming from the steam turbine 10 is condensed by the hybrid condenser 17 consisting of a surface condenser part and a direct contact condenser part.
  • the hybrid condenser 17 consisting of a surface condenser part and a direct contact condenser part.
  • the condensate is collected at the bottom of the hybrid condenser 17 .
  • the water cooling the tubes of the surface condenser part is now supplied to the wet cooling tower, where it is cooled partly by evaporation, and then by pumping it is returned to the tubes of the surface condenser part.
  • the condensate of the steam condensed in the direct contact condenser part is collected in the bottom of the hybrid condenser 17 together with the condensate generated in the wet part. From here, the proportion corresponding to the water flow of the dry tower is forwarded by the cooling water pump 13 to the dry cooling tower, while a smaller part is returned as boiler (not shown) feedwater for generating the working steam of the steam turbine 10 .
  • the invention preferably comprises a condensate polishing unit 18 , as well as a condensate supply line 19 which enables feeding the condensate polishing unit 18 at least partly with cooling water exiting from the dry air-cooled unit 12 , in the case when the temperature of the condensate collected in the condenser is higher than a predetermined limit temperature.
  • the water leaves to a de-aerating vessel 20 and from there to the feedwater circuit of the boiler.
  • the de-aerating vessel 20 has a buffer capacity, and hence the boiler is not even left without feedwater between the alternative condensate removals under condensate temperatures of for example below or above 60° C., at the time of automated (temperature controlled) switch-over.
  • the switch-over means that a removal branch is gradually shut off and the other removal branch is gradually opened, but of course any preferred mixing method can also be applied.
  • individual sections of the hybrid condenser 17 can be segregated and separately serviced.
  • FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment is shown where the heat transmission of the dry cooling circuit 11 and wet cooling circuit 14 is implemented by the same hybrid cooling tower 21 .
  • the dry air-cooled unit 12 is configured as the dry cooling part of the hybrid cooling tower 21
  • the wet cooled unit 15 as the wet part of the hybrid cooling tower 21 .
  • this embodiment also has the advantage of reducing visible vapour plume as mentioned in the introduction.
  • the variability of this embodiment may be limited by the fact that for the configuration of a dry cooling surface generally a restricted space is available only, hence only a limited annual water-saving can be achieved. Consequently, the cooling towers or cells of the air cooling and wet cooling can be fitted in a joint cooling tower body or also separately.
  • the hybrid cooling system according to the invention entails further advantages.
  • the hybrid condenser 17 can be formed from an existing surface condenser, e.g. in a power plant where the intention is to switch to a water-saving operation: by removing a part of the surface condenser pipe registers, they can be replaced with inner water chambers and nozzles of the direct contact condenser part.
  • the characteristics, operating flexibility and water conservation efficiency of the dry/wet cooling systems united by the common condenser can be further improved, if in addition to the condenser, the wet and dry cooling circuits are joined thermally by means of a suitable water-water heat exchanger 24 .
  • a suitable water-water heat exchanger 24 it is to be noted that the application of the dry/wet cooling systems united by the condenser represents a parallel coupling. The coupling through the water-water heat exchanger enables both parallel and serial coupling. Consequently, this preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a water-water heat exchanger 24 suitable for a heat transfer between the cooling water flowing in the dry cooling circuit 11 and the cooling water flowing in the wet cooling circuit 14 .
  • the two cooling circuits are connected in series preferably in counterflow in a way that it is suitable for further cooling of at least one part of the cooling water cooled in the dry air-cooled unit 12 , with at least one part of the cooling water cooled in the wet cooled unit 15 .
  • the condenser as a heat exchanger is much more costly than the water-water heat exchanger (e.g. a plate-type heat exchanger). Capacity increase that becomes necessary on hot summer days can be provided more flexibly, if—in addition to coupling through the condenser—increasing use is made of the water-water heat exchanger 24 part.
  • This solution can be applied either in the case of a condenser where both the wet cooling circuit and the dry cooling circuit comprises a surface condenser part, or in the case of a condenser where the wet circuit comprises a surface condenser part and the dry cooling circuit a direct contact condenser part.
  • connection through the water-water heat exchanger can be implemented either in a serial or a parallel coupling, but both solutions may even be applied simultaneously, which provides the highest possible operational flexibility to meet the seasonal, weekly, daily or even hourly cooling power, as well as from the aspect of water requirement.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a dry/wet cooling system, where the wet and dry cooling circuits are connected in parallel with each other through a combined direct contact and surface-type hybrid condenser 17 , and at the same time they are connected in series through the water-water heat exchanger 24 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a preferred embodiment, where the coupling through the water-water heat exchangers can be implemented both serially and in parallel.
  • the figure shows the connection of a natural draught dry cooling system and a wet cooling system through the hybrid condenser 17 .
  • the water-water heat exchanger 24 establishes a serial connection between the air cooling and wet cooling from the aspect of the dry circuit, while the water-water heat exchangers 25 a and 25 b are realising a parallel connection.
  • this system enables extreme operational flexibility, where—in addition to improving the water consumption and the vacuum—it is possible to optimise the auxiliary power consumption as well.
  • the part of the flow of the water cooled in the wet cooling circuit 14 which provides the cooling of the water-water heat exchangers 24 , 25 a, 25 b, can be divided into two further part-currents.
  • One of the part-currents goes to the serially connected water-water heat exchanger 24 , where it cools further the water cooled in the dry cooling circuit 11 , before it enters the direct contact condenser part.
  • the other wet circuit part-current in the water-water heat exchanger 25 b connected in parallel with the dry cooling circuit—provides the second stage cooling of the hot branch
  • the water-water heat exchanger 25 a is also connected in parallel from the aspect of the dry cooling system—ensures the first stage cooling of the hot branch of dry cooling, together with the wet circuit side cooling water flow exiting from the water-water heat exchanger 24 .
  • the two cooling circuits are coupled preferably in a counterflow, partly in series and partly in parallel in a way that it is suitable for cooling one part of the warmed up cooling water coming from the condenser part associated with the dry cooling circuit 11 in the water-water heat exchangers 25 a, 25 b instead of the dry air-cooled unit 12 , by using at least one part of the cooling water flowing in the wet cooling circuit 14 .
  • the water-water heat exchangers 24 , 25 a , 25 b can be coupled and decoupled selectively by means of valves.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a modified embodiment of the solution shown in FIG. 5 , where by disconnecting the water-water heat exchanger 25 b by means of valves, or by omitting this heat exchanger, the connection of water-water heat exchangers 24 and 25 a can be simplified and hence their investment cost can be reduced, and a most efficient water consumption can be implemented in the wet circuit.
  • the cooling of one part of the flow of the dry cooling circuit is carried out serially from the aspect of the dry circuit in the water-water heat exchanger 24 , and in parallel in the water-water heat exchanger 25 a.
  • the water-water heat exchangers 24 and 25 a are connected in series.
  • the wet and dry cooling circuits are connected to a joint surface condenser 27 , but each has its own separate condenser part.
  • connection shown in the previous embodiment has two important benefits.
  • the water volume circulated in the wet circuit can be reduced, which also entails reducing the size of the wet cooler.
  • the highest cooling effect can be achieved in this way with the lowest water loss and additional water requirement, i.e. with the lowest evaporated and blow-down water amount.
  • the surface condenser segment of the wet circuit shown in FIG. 5 can be omitted, and the integration of the dry and wet cooling circuits is realised by means of the water-water heat exchangers 24 , 25 a and 25 b, for both realisation of the dry cooling circuit: either with a direct contact condenser 28 ( FIG. 7 ) or with a surface condenser 29 ( FIG. 8 ). Therefore, in these embodiments of the invention, the wet cooling circuit is connected indirectly to the common condenser, because the cooperation of the dry and wet cooling circuits is realised through the water-water heat exchangers 24 , 25 a and 25 b.
US13/513,730 2009-12-03 2010-12-03 Hybrid Cooling System Abandoned US20130000867A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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HUP0900750 2009-12-03
HU0900750A HU228665B1 (en) 2009-12-03 2009-12-03 Hybrid cooling system
PCT/HU2010/000136 WO2011067619A2 (en) 2009-12-03 2010-12-03 Hybrid cooling system

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EP (2) EP2647938A1 (es)
CN (1) CN102859308A (es)
EA (2) EA028070B8 (es)
HU (2) HU228665B1 (es)
MX (2) MX354052B (es)
WO (1) WO2011067619A2 (es)

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US20160209087A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2016-07-21 R4 Ventures Llc Multi Purpose Multistage Evaporative Cold Water and Cold Air Generating and Supply System
US9476648B2 (en) 2014-01-21 2016-10-25 Drexel University Systems and methods of using phase change material in power plants
US20170010009A9 (en) * 2011-09-23 2017-01-12 R4 Ventures Llc Advanced Multi-Purpose Multistage Evaporative Cold Water/Cold Air Generating and Supply System
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JP2020020301A (ja) * 2018-08-01 2020-02-06 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 蒸気タービンプラント、及びその起動方法
US10890383B2 (en) 2014-01-21 2021-01-12 Drexel University Systems and methods of using phase change material in power plants
CN112857133A (zh) * 2021-01-25 2021-05-28 山东蓝想环境科技股份有限公司 一种干湿联合冷却塔运行的控制系统及其实现方法
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HUP0900750A2 (en) 2011-08-29
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CN102859308A (zh) 2013-01-02
EA028070B1 (ru) 2017-10-31
EA028070B8 (ru) 2017-12-29
EP2507571B8 (en) 2016-12-07
HU228665B1 (en) 2013-05-28
WO2011067619A2 (en) 2011-06-09
WO2011067619A3 (en) 2012-03-29
MX2012006356A (es) 2012-09-07
EA023211B1 (ru) 2016-05-31
HUE024117T2 (en) 2016-02-29
EP2647938A1 (en) 2013-10-09
EA023211B8 (ru) 2016-10-31
MX354052B (es) 2018-02-09
EA201200841A1 (ru) 2013-04-30
HU0900750D0 (en) 2010-01-28

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