US20120315408A1 - Inflatable article provided with a gastight layer based on a blend of a thermoplastic elastomer and of a partially crosslinked butyl rubber. - Google Patents

Inflatable article provided with a gastight layer based on a blend of a thermoplastic elastomer and of a partially crosslinked butyl rubber. Download PDF

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US20120315408A1
US20120315408A1 US13/518,105 US201013518105A US2012315408A1 US 20120315408 A1 US20120315408 A1 US 20120315408A1 US 201013518105 A US201013518105 A US 201013518105A US 2012315408 A1 US2012315408 A1 US 2012315408A1
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Prior art keywords
inflatable article
article according
butyl rubber
partially crosslinked
elastomer
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Christophe Chouvel
Marc Greiveldinger
Emmanuel Custodero
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Publication of US20120315408A1 publication Critical patent/US20120315408A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
    • B60C1/0008—Compositions of the inner liner
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08L25/08—Copolymers of styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
    • C08L53/025—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes modified
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C5/00—Inflatable pneumatic tyres or inner tubes
    • B60C5/12—Inflatable pneumatic tyres or inner tubes without separate inflatable inserts, e.g. tubeless tyres with transverse section open to the rim
    • B60C5/14—Inflatable pneumatic tyres or inner tubes without separate inflatable inserts, e.g. tubeless tyres with transverse section open to the rim with impervious liner or coating on the inner wall of the tyre

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to “inflatable” articles, that is to say, by definition, to articles which take their usable form when they are inflated with air or with an equivalent inflation gas.
  • the radially internal face comprises an airtight layer (or more generally a layer airtight to any inflation gas) which makes it possible to inflate the tyre and to keep it under pressure.
  • airtightness properties allow it to guarantee a relatively low level of pressure loss, making it possible to keep the tyre inflated in a normal operating state for a sufficient period of time, normally of several weeks or several months.
  • Another role of this layer is to protect the carcass reinforcement and more generally the remainder of the tyre from the risk of oxidation due to the diffusion of air originating from the space interior to the tyre.
  • compositions based on butyl rubber or elastomer exhibit high hysteresis losses, furthermore over a broad temperature spectrum, which disadvantage is damaging to the rolling resistance of the tyres.
  • the inner liner comprises an elastomer composition comprising at least one copolymeric thermoplastic elastomer comprising polystyrene and polyisobutylene blocks and a polybutene oil.
  • thermoplastic elastomer In comparison with a butyl rubber, the thermoplastic elastomer exhibits the major advantage, due to its thermoplastic nature, of being able to be worked as is in the molten (liquid) state and consequently of offering the possibility of simplified processing.
  • the document EP 1 987 962 A1 provides for the use, as gastight layer, of a laminate comprising a thermoplastic elastomer layer and an adhesive layer with an unsaturated styrene block copolymer intended to reinforce adhesion between the thermoplastic elastomer layer and a layer of diene elastomer, such as a calendaring of carcass ply based on natural rubber usually used in tyres.
  • a subject-matter of the invention is an inflatable article provided with an elastomer layer which is airtight to the inflation gases, characterized in that the said elastomer layer comprises at least one blend of a thermoplastic elastomer comprising a polyisobutylene block and of a partially crosslinked butyl rubber and in that, the thermoplastic elastomer being in a proportion A and the partially crosslinked butyl rubber being in a proportion B, the ratio A/B varies from 1 to 20; A and B being expressed by weight.
  • the airtight elastomer layer has very good airtightness properties and a markedly improved adhesion to a layer of diene elastomer.
  • the invention relates in particular to inflatable articles made of rubber, such as tyres, or inner tubes, in particular inner tubes for tyres.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the tyres intended to equip motor vehicles of the following types: passenger vehicles, SUVs (Sports Utility Vehicles), two-wheel vehicles (in particular motorcycles), aircraft, such as industrial vehicles chosen from vans, heavy-duty vehicles—that is to say, underground, bus, heavy road transport vehicles (lorries, tractors, trailers) or off-road vehicles, such as agricultural vehicles or earth-moving equipment—or other transportation or handling vehicles.
  • passenger vehicles SUVs (Sports Utility Vehicles)
  • two-wheel vehicles in particular motorcycles
  • aircraft such as industrial vehicles chosen from vans, heavy-duty vehicles—that is to say, underground, bus, heavy road transport vehicles (lorries, tractors, trailers) or off-road vehicles, such as agricultural vehicles or earth-moving equipment—or other transportation or handling vehicles.
  • any range of values denoted by the expression “between a and b” represents the range of values extending from more than a to less than b (that is to say, limits a and b excluded), whereas any interval of values denoted by the expression “from a to b” means the range of values extending from a up to b (that is to say, including the strict limits a and b).
  • the inflatable article according to the invention has the essential characteristic of being provided with an elastomer layer which is airtight to the inflation gases, comprising at least one blend of a thermoplastic elastomer comprising a polyisobutylene block and of a partially crosslinked butyl rubber and such that, the thermoplastic elastomer being in a proportion A and the partially crosslinked butyl rubber being in a proportion B, the ratio A/B varies from 1 to 20; A and B being expressed by weight.
  • this ratio A/B varies from 1 to 5.
  • Thermoplastic elastomers have a structure immediately between thermoplastic polymers and elastomers. They are composed of rigid thermoplastic blocks connected via flexible elastomer blocks, for example polybutadiene, polyisoprene, poly(ethylene/butylene) or polyisobutylene. They are often triblock elastomers with two rigid segments connected via a flexible segment. The rigid and flexible segments can be positioned linearly, in star fashion or in branched fashion. Typically, each of these segments or blocks comprises at least more than 5, generally more than 10, base units (for example, styrene units and isoprene units for a styrene/isoprene/styrene block copolymer).
  • base units for example, styrene units and isoprene units for a styrene/isoprene/styrene block copolymer.
  • thermoplastic elastomer comprising a polyisobutylene block (hereinafter abbreviated to “TPEI”), according to one subject-matter of the invention, comprises, at least one of the ends of the polyisobutylene block, a thermoplastic block having a glass transition temperature of greater than or equal to 100° C.
  • TPEI polyisobutylene block
  • the number-average molecular weight (denoted Mn) of the thermoplastic elastomer comprising a polyisobutylene block is preferably between 30 000 and 500 000 g/mol, more preferably between 40 000 and 400 000 g/mol.
  • Mn number-average molecular weight
  • thermoplastic elastomer comprising a polyisobutylene block or TPEI in a tyre composition.
  • the number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the TPEI is determined in a known way by steric exclusion chromatography (SEC).
  • SEC steric exclusion chromatography
  • the sample is dissolved beforehand in tetrahydrofuran at a concentration of approximately 1 g/l; the solution is then filtered through a filter with a porosity of 0.45 ⁇ m before injection.
  • the equipment used is a “Waters alliance” chromatographic line.
  • the elution solvent is tetrahydrofuran, the flow rate is 0.7 ml/min, the temperature of the system is 35° C. and the analytical time is 90 min.
  • the injected volume of the solution of the polymer sample is 100 ⁇ l.
  • the detector is a “Waters 2410” differential refractometer and its associated software for making use of the chromatographic data is the “Waters Millennium” system.
  • the calculated average molar masses are relative to a calibration curve produced with polystyrene standards.
  • the elastomeric block is composed predominantly of the polymerized isobutylene monomer.
  • the polyisobutylene block of the block copolymer exhibits a number-average molecular weight (“Mn”) ranging from 25 000 g/mol to 350 000 g/mol, preferably from 35 000 g/mol to 250 000 g/mol, so as to confer, on the thermoplastic elastomer, good elastomeric properties and a mechanical strength which is sufficient and comparable with the inner liner application of a tyre.
  • Mn number-average molecular weight
  • the polyisobutylene block of the block copolymer additionally exhibits a glass transition temperature (“Tg”) of less than or equal to ⁇ 20° C., more preferably of less than ⁇ 40° C.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • a Tg value greater than these minima may reduce the performance of the airtight layer during use at very low temperature; for such a use, the Tg of the polyisobutylene block of the block copolymer is more preferably still less than ⁇ 50° C.
  • the polyisobutylene block of the TPEI can also advantageously comprise a content of units resulting from one or more conjugated dienes inserted into the polymer chain preferably ranging up to 16% by weight, with respect to the weight of the polyisobutylene block. Above 16%, a fall in the resistance to thermal oxidation and the oxidation by ozone may be observed for the airtight layer comprising the thermoplastic elastomer comprising a polyisobutylene block used in a tyre.
  • the conjugated dienes which can be copolymerized with the isobutylene in order to form the polyisobutylene block are conjugated C 4 -C 14 dienes.
  • these conjugated dienes are chosen from isoprene, butadiene, 1-methylbutadiene, 2-methylbutadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 5-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-
  • the polyisobutylene block can be halogenated and can comprise halogen atoms in its chain.
  • This halogenation makes it possible to increase the rate of curing of the composition comprising the thermoplastic elastomer having a polyisobutylene block according to the invention.
  • This halogenation makes it possible to improve the compatibility of the airtight layer with the other adjacent constituent components of a tyre.
  • Halogenation is carried out by means of bromine or chlorine, preferably bromine, on the units resulting from conjugated dienes of the polymer chain of the polyisobutylene block. Only a portion of these units reacts with the halogen.
  • the TPEI is chosen from styrene thermoplastic elastomers having a polyisobutylene block (“TPSI”).
  • the thermoplastic block is thus composed of at least one polymerized monomer based on unsubstituted as substituted styrene; mention may be made, among substituted styrenes, for example, of methylstyrenes (for example, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene or p-methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, ⁇ ,2-dimethylstyrene, ⁇ ,4-dimethylstyrene or diphenylethylene), para-(tert-butyl)styrene, chlorostyrenes (for example, o-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, 2,6-dichlorostyrene or 2,4,6-trichlorostyrene), bromostyrenes (for example, o-bromostyrene, m-bromostyrene,
  • thermoplastic elastomer TPSI is a polystyrene and polyisobutylene block copolymer.
  • such a block copolymer is a styrene/isobutylene diblock copolymer (abbreviated to “SIB”).
  • SIB styrene/isobutylene diblock copolymer
  • such a block copolymer is a styrene/isobutylene/styrene triblock copolymer (abbreviated to “SIBS”).
  • SIBS styrene/isobutylene/styrene triblock copolymer
  • the content by weight of styrene (unsubstituted or substituted) in the styrene elastomer is between 5 and 50%.
  • the thermoplastic nature of the elastomer risks being substantially reduced, whereas, above the recommended maximum, the elasticity of the airtight layer may be affected.
  • the styrene content is more preferably between 10 and 40%, in particular between 15 and 35%.
  • the TPSI elastomer is preferably the only constituent thermoplastic elastomer of the gastight elastomer layer.
  • the TPSI elastomers can be processed conventionally, by extrusion or moulding, for example starting from a starting material available in the form of beads or granules.
  • the TPSI elastomers are available commercially, for example sold, as regards the SIB and SIBS, by Kaneka under the name “Sibstar” (e.g. “Sibstar 103T”, “Sibstar 102T”, “Sibstar 073T” or “Sibstar 072T” for the SIBSs or “Sibstar 042D” for the SIBs). They have, for example, been described, along with their synthesis, in the patent documents EP 731 112, U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,899 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,260,383.
  • the TPEI elastomers can also comprise a thermoplastic block having a Tg of greater than or equal to 100° C. and formed from polymerized monomers other than styrene monomers (abbreviated to “TPNSI”).
  • TPNSI polymerized monomers other than styrene monomers
  • the polymerized monomer other than a styrene monomer can be copolymerized with at least one other monomer so as to form a thermoplastic block having a Tg of greater than or equal to 100° C.
  • the molar fraction of the polymerized monomer other than a styrene monomer, with respect to the total number of units of the thermoplastic block must be sufficient to achieve a Tg of greater than or equal to 100° C., preferably of greater than or equal to 130° C., more preferably still of greater than or equal to 150° C., indeed even of greater than or equal to 200° C.
  • the molar fraction of this other comonomer can range from 0 to 90%, more preferably from 0 to 75% and more preferably still from 0 to 50%.
  • this other monomer capable of copolymerizing with the polymerized monomer other than a styrene monomer can be chosen from diene monomers, more particularly conjugated diene monomers having from 4 to 14 carbon atoms, and monomers of vinylaromatic type having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable as conjugated dienes which can be used in the thermoplastic blocks according to a subject-matter of the invention are those described above, namely isoprene, butadiene, 1-methylbutadiene, 2-methylbutadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,5-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-hexadiene
  • the comonomer is of vinylaromatic type
  • it advantageously represents a fraction of units, with regard to the total number of units of the thermoplastic block, from 0 to 90%, preferably ranging from 0 to 75% and more preferably still ranging from 0 to 50%.
  • Suitable in particular as vinylaromatic compounds are the abovementioned styrene monomers, namely methylstyrenes, para-(tert-butyl)styrene, chlorostyrenes, bromostyrenes, fluorostyrenes or para-hydroxystyrene.
  • the comonomer of vinylaromatic type is styrene.
  • thermoplastic blocks having a Tg of greater than or equal to 100° C. composed of indene and of styrene derivatives, in particular para-methylstyrene or para-(tert-butyl)styrene.
  • a person skilled in the art may then refer to the documents J. E. Puskas, G. Kaszas, J. P. Kennedy and W. G. Hager, Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 1992, 30, 41, or J. P. Kennedy, S. Midha and to Y. Tsungae, Macromolecules (1993), 26, 429.
  • a TPNSI thermoplastic elastomer is a diblock copolymer: thermoplastic block/isobutylene block. More preferably still, such a TPNSI thermoplastic elastomer is a triblock copolymer: thermoplastic block/isobutylene block/thermoplastic block.
  • butyl rubber is normally understood to mean a homopolymer of isobutylene or a copolymer of isobutylene with isoprene (this butyl rubber is included among the diene elastomers), and the halogenated derivatives, in particular generally brominated or chlorinated derivatives, of these homopolymers and copolymers of isobutylene and isoprene.
  • butyl rubber of copolymers of isobutylene and isoprene (IIR), bromobutyl rubbers, such as the bromoisobutylene/isoprene copolymer (BIIR) and chlorobutyl rubbers, such as the chloroisobutylene/isoprene copolymer (CIIR).
  • IIR isobutylene and isoprene
  • BIIR bromoisobutylene/isoprene copolymer
  • chlorobutyl rubbers such as the chloroisobutylene/isoprene copolymer (CIIR).
  • butyl rubber will also include copolymers of isobutylene and styrene derivatives, such as brominated isobutylene methylstyrene copolymers (BIMSs), included among which is in particular the “Exxpro” elastomer sold by Exxon.
  • BIMSs brominated isobutylene methylstyrene copolymers
  • Suitable in particular for the implementation of the invention are butyl rubbers as described above which are partially crosslinked.
  • the partial crosslinking of the butyl rubber can be carried out by any means which makes it possible to establish covalent bonds between the butyl rubber chains; mention may be made, by way of example, of the use of free radical generators, of vulcanization agents, and the like.
  • the partial crosslinking is reflected by a significant increase in the molecular weight, which must nevertheless be limited in order for the butyl rubber to remain compatible, i.e. soluble in the composition.
  • the polydispersity index PI of the partially crosslinked butyl rubber is greater than 4.
  • the weight-average molecular weight of the partially crosslinked butyl is greater than 500 000 g/mol and very preferably greater than 1 000 000 g/mol.
  • This material exhibits a PI of 5.1 and a weight-average molecular weight Mw of 1 096 000 g/mol.
  • the two preceding elastomers are sufficient by themselves alone to fulfil the functions of gastightness and of adhesion to the adjacent rubber layers with regard to the inflatable articles in which they are used.
  • the elastomer composition described above also comprises, as plasticizing agent, an extending oil (or plasticizing oil), the role of which is to facilitate the processing of the gastight layer, particularly its incorporation in the inflatable article, by a lowering of the modulus and an increase in the tackifying power.
  • plasticizing agent an extending oil (or plasticizing oil)
  • plasticizing oil the role of which is to facilitate the processing of the gastight layer, particularly its incorporation in the inflatable article, by a lowering of the modulus and an increase in the tackifying power.
  • Use may be made of any extending oil, preferably having a weakly polar nature, capable of extending or plasticizing elastomers, in particular thermoplastic elastomers.
  • these oils which are more or less viscous, are liquids (that is to say, to recapitulate, substances having the ability to eventually assume the shape of their container), in contrast in particular to resins or rubbers, which are solids by nature.
  • the extending oil is chosen from the group consisting of polyolefin oils (that is to say, resulting from the polymerization of olefins, monoolefins or diolefins), paraffinic oils, naphthenic oils (of low or high viscosity), aromatic oils, mineral oils and mixtures of these oils.
  • Use is preferably made of an oil of polybutene type, in particular a polyisobutylene oil (abbreviated to “PIB”), which has demonstrated the best compromise in properties in comparison with the other oils tested, in particular with a conventional oil of the paraffinic type.
  • PIB polyisobutylene oil
  • polyisobutylene oils are sold in particular by Univar under the name “Dynapak Poly” (e.g., “Dynapak Poly 190”), by Ineos Oligomer under the name “Indopol H1200” or by BASF under the names “Glissopal” (e.g., “Glissopal 1000”) and “Oppanol” (e.g., “Oppanol B12”); paraffinic oils are sold, for example, by Exxon under the name “Telura 618” or by Repsol under the name “Extensol 51”.
  • the number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the extending oil is preferably between 200 and 25000 g/mol and more preferably still between 300 and 10 000 g/mol.
  • Mn number-average molecular weight
  • the number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the extending oil is determined by SEC, the sample being dissolved beforehand in tetrahydrofuran at a concentration of approximately 1 g/l; the solution is then filtered through a filter with a porosity of 0.45 ⁇ m before injection.
  • the equipment is the “Waters Alliance” chromatographic line.
  • the elution solvent is tetrahydrofuran, the flow rate is 1 ml/min, the temperature of the system is 35° C. and the analytic time is 30 min.
  • Use is made of a set of two “Waters” columns bearing the name “Styragel HT6E”.
  • the injected volume of the solution of the polymer sample is 100 ⁇ l.
  • the detector is a “Waters 2410” differential refractometer and its associated software for making use of the chromatographic data is the “Waters Millenium” system.
  • the calculated average molar masses are relative to a calibration curve produced with polystyrene standards.
  • the content of extending oil is lower than 5 phr, preferably between 5 and 150 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of total elastomer, that is to say block TPEI elastomers, such as SIBS, plus partially crosslinked butyl rubber, present in the elastomer composition or layer).
  • the content of extending oil in particular between 10 and 130 phr, more preferably still for it to be greater than 20 phr, in particular between 20 and 100 phr.
  • platy filler advantageously makes it possible to lower the coefficient of permeability (and thus to increase the airtightness) of the elastomer composition without excessively increasing its modulus, which makes it possible to retain the ease of incorporation of the airtight layer in the inflatable article.
  • Platinum fillers are well known to a person skilled in the art. They have been used in particular in tyres to reduce the permeability of conventional gastight layers based on butyl rubber. They are generally used in these butyl-based layers at relatively low contents not exceeding generally from 10 to 15 phr (see, for example, the patent documents US 2004/0194863 and WO 2006/047509).
  • L representing the length (or greatest dimension)
  • T representing the mean thickness of these platy fillers, these means being calculated on a number basis. Aspect ratios reaching several tens, indeed even several hundreds, are frequent.
  • Their mean length is preferably greater than 1 ⁇ m (that is to say that “micrometric” platy fillers are then involved), typically between several ⁇ m (for example 5 ⁇ m) and several hundred ⁇ m (for example 500 ⁇ m, indeed even 800 ⁇ m).
  • the platy fillers used in accordance with the invention are chosen from the group consisting of graphites, phyllosilicates and the mixtures of such fillers. Mention will in particular be made, among phyllosilicates, of clays, talcs, micas or kaolins, it being possible for these phyllosilicates to be or not to be modified, for example by a surface treatment; mention may in particular be made, as examples of such modified phyllosilicates, of micas covered with titanium oxide or clays modified by surfactants (“organo clays”).
  • platy fillers having a low surface energy that is to say which are relatively nonpolar, such as those chosen from the group consisting of graphites, talcs, micas and the mixtures of such fillers, it being possible for the latter to be or not to be modified, more preferably still from the group consisting of graphites, talcs and the mixtures of such fillers. Mention may in particular be made, among graphites, of natural graphites, expanded graphites or synthetic graphites.
  • the platy fillers described above can be used at variable contents, in particular between 2 and 30% by volume of elastomer composition and preferably between 3 and 20% by volume.
  • the introduction of the platy fillers into the thermoplastic elastomer composition can be carried out according to various known processes, for example by solution mixing, by bulk mixing in an internal mixer or by extrusion mixing.
  • the airtight layer or composition described above can furthermore comprise the various additives normally present in the airtight layers known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the gastight composition might also comprise, always according to a minor fraction by weight with respect to the block elastomer, polymers other than elastomers, such as, for example, thermoplastic polymers.
  • the airtight layer based on TPEI elastomer described above can be used as airtight layer in any type of inflatable article. Mention may be made, as examples of such inflatable articles, of inflatable boats, or balloons or balls used for play or sport.
  • airtight layer or layer airtight to any other inflation gas, for example nitrogen
  • a motor vehicle such as a vehicle of two-wheel, passenger or industrial type.
  • Such an airtight layer is preferably positioned on the internal wall of the inflatable article but it can also be fully incorporated in its internal structure.
  • the thickness of the airtight layer is preferably greater than 0.05 mm, more preferably between 0.1 mm and 10 mm (in particular between 0.1 and 1.0 mm).
  • the embodiment of the invention can vary, the airtight layer then comprising several preferred ranges of thickness.
  • tyres of passenger vehicle type it can have a thickness of at least 0.05 mm, preferably of between 0.1 and 2 mm.
  • the preferred thickness can be between 1 and 3 mm.
  • the preferred thickness can be between 2 and 10 mm.
  • the airtight layer according to the invention has the advantage of having a markedly improved adhesion to the adjacent diene layer while retaining an airtightness to gases which is at least equal, as is demonstrated in the following implementation of examples.
  • the gastight layer described above can advantageously be used in tyres for all types of vehicles, in particular passenger vehicles or industrial vehicles, such as heavy-duty vehicles.
  • the single appended FIGURE represents, highly diagrammatically (without observing a specific scale), a radial cross section of a tyre in accordance with the invention.
  • This tyre 1 comprises a crown 2 reinforced by a crown reinforcement or belt 6 , two sidewalls 3 and two beads 4 , each of these beads 4 being reinforced with a bead thread 5 .
  • the crown 2 is surmounted by a tread not represented in this diagrammatic FIGURE.
  • a carcass reinforcement 7 is wound around the two bead threads 5 in each bead 4 , the turn-up 8 of this reinforcement 7 being, for example, positioned towards the outside of the tyre 1 , which is here represented fitted to its wheel rim 9 .
  • the carcass reinforcement 7 is, in a way known per se, composed of at least one ply reinforced by “radial” cables, for example textile or metal cables, that is to say that these cables are positioned virtually parallel to one another and extend from one bead to the other, so as to form an angle of between 80° and 90° with the median circumferential plane (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tyre which is situated at mid-distance from the two beads 4 and passes through the middle of the crown reinforcement 6 ).
  • radial cables for example textile or metal cables
  • the internal wall of the tyre 1 comprises an airtight layer 10 , for example with a thickness equal to approximately 0.9 mm, from the side of the internal cavity 11 of the tyre 1 .
  • This inner liner covers the whole of the internal wall of the tyre, extending from one sidewall to the other, at least up to the level of the rim flange when the tyre is in the fitted position. It defines the radially internal face of the said tyre intended to protect the carcass reinforcement from the diffusion of air originating from the space 11 interior to the tyre. It makes possible the inflation and the maintenance under pressure of the tyre; its airtightness properties must allow it to guarantee a relatively low degree of loss in pressure and to keep the tyre inflated, in the normal operating state, for a sufficient period of time, normally of several weeks or several months.
  • the tyre in accordance with the invention uses, in this example, as airtight layer 10 , an elastomer composition comprising an SIBS elastomer (“Sibstar 102T” with a styrene content of approximately 15%, a Tg of approximately ⁇ 65° C.
  • SIBS elastomer (“Sibstar 102T” with a styrene content of approximately 15%, a Tg of approximately ⁇ 65° C.
  • a layer (skim) of the gastight layer can be produced in particular with the device described in the document EP 2 072 219 A1.
  • This device comprises an extrusion tool, such as a twin-screw extruder, a die, a liquid cooling bath and a movable level support.
  • the tyre provided with its airtight layer 10 as described above is preferably produced before vulcanization (or curing).
  • the airtight layer is simply applied conventionally to the desired spot for formation of the layer 10 .
  • Vulcanization is subsequently carried out conventionally.
  • the block elastomers withstand well the stresses related to the vulcanization stage.
  • An advantageous alternative form of manufacture for a person skilled in the art of tyres will consist, for example, during the first stage, in depositing, flat, the airtight layer directly on a building drum, in the form of a layer (skim) of suitable thickness, before covering the latter with the remainder of the structure of the tyre, according to manufacturing techniques well known to a person skilled in the art.
  • Adhesion tests were carried out in order to test the ability of the gastight layer to adhere, after curing, to a diene elastomer layer, more specifically to a standard rubber composition for a tyre carcass reinforcement, based on natural (peptise) rubber and on carbon black N330 (65 parts by weight per hundred parts of natural rubber), additionally comprising the normal additives (sulphur, accelerator, ZnO, stearic acid, antioxidant).
  • the peeling test specimens (of the 180° peeling type) were produced by stacking a thin layer of gastight composition between two calendered fabrics, the first with an SIBS elastomer (1.5 mm) and another with the diene blend under consideration (1.2 mm). An incipient crack is inserted between the two calendared fabrics at the end of the thin layer.
  • test specimen after assembly, was vulcanized at 180° C. under pressure for 10 minutes. Strips with a width of 30 mm were cut out using a cutting machine. The two sides of the incipient crack were subsequently placed in the jaws of a tensile testing device with the Intron® trade name. The tests are carried out at ambient temperature and at a pull rate of 100 mm/min. The tensile stresses are recorded and the latter are standardized by the width of the test specimen. A curve of strength per unit of width (in N/mm) as a function of the movable crossrail displacement of the tensile testing device (between 0 and 200 mm) is obtained. The adhesion value selected corresponds to the initiation of failure in the test specimen and thus to the maximum value of this curve.
  • the cohesion test specimens (of the 180° peeling type) were produced by stacking a thin layer of gastight composition between two calendered fabrics with an SIBS elastomer (1.5 mm). An incipient crack is inserted between the two calendared fabrics at the end of the thin layer.
  • test specimen after assembly, was vulcanized at 180° C. under pressure for 10 minutes. Strips with a width of 30 mm were cut out with a cutting machine. The two sides of the incipient crack were subsequently placed in the jaws of a tensile testing device with the Intron® trade name. The tests are carried out at ambient temperature and at a pull rate of 100 mm/min. The tensile stresses are recorded and the latter are standardized by the width of the test specimen. The curve of strength per unit of width (in N/mm) as a function of the movable crossrail displacement of the tensile testing device (between 0 and 200 mm) is obtained. The cohesion value selected corresponds to the initiation of failure in the test specimen and thus to the maximum value of this curve.
  • a rigid wall permeameter placed in an oven (temperature at 60° C. in the present case), equipped with a relative pressure sensor (calibrated in the range from 0 to 6 bar) and connected to a tube equipped with an inflation valve.
  • the permeameter can receive standard test specimens in the disk form (for example, with a diameter of 65 mm in the present case) and with a uniform thickness which can range up to 1.5 mm (0.5 mm in the present case).
  • the pressure sensor is connected to a National Instruments data acquisition card (0-10 V analogue four-channel acquisition) which is connected to a computer carrying out continuous acquisition with a frequency of 0.5 Hz (1 point every two seconds).
  • the permeability coefficient (K) is measured from the linear regression line giving the slope a of the loss in pressure through the tested test specimen as a function of the time, after stabilization of the system, that is to say the achievement of stable conditions under which the pressure decreases linearly as a function of the time.
  • Gastight compositions comprising an SIBS elastomer (“Sibstar 102T” from Kaneka), a PIB oil (“Indopol H1200” from INEOS Oligomer) and a platy filler (“SYA41R” from Yamaguchi) were prepared using the device of the document EP 2 072 219 A1.
  • the reference composition C-1 comprises only SIBS as elastomer.
  • the composition C-2 comprises a blend of SIBS and SIS (“Kraton D1161” from Kraton) in an A/B ratio equal to 4.
  • the composition C-3 comprises a blend of SIBS and a partially crosslinked butyl rubber (“Kalar 5210” from Royal Elastomer), also in an A/B ratio equal to 4.
  • the composition C-4 comprises a blend of SIBS and the same partially crosslinked butyl rubber in an A/B ratio equal to 1.
  • Composition C-3 in accordance with a subject-matter of the invention, comprises a blend of SIBS and partially crosslinked butyl rubber with the same A/B ratio of 4.
  • the presence of partially crosslinked butyl rubber makes possible a substantial improvement in the relative adhesion with a smaller decrease in the relative airtightness performance and relative adhesion performance.
  • Composition C-4 in accordance with the subject-matter of the invention, comprises a blend of SIBS and partially crosslinked butyl rubber with the A/B ratio of 1.
  • a strong increase in the relative adhesion accompanied by a smaller decrease in the relative airtightness performance without a deterioration in the relative cohesion performance is recorded.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US13/518,105 2009-12-23 2010-12-21 Inflatable article provided with a gastight layer based on a blend of a thermoplastic elastomer and of a partially crosslinked butyl rubber. Abandoned US20120315408A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0959516 2009-12-23
FR0959516A FR2954335B1 (fr) 2009-12-23 2009-12-23 Objet pneumatique pourvu d'une couche etanche aux gaz a base d'un melange d'un elastomere thermoplastique et d'un caoutchouc butyl partiellement reticule
PCT/EP2010/070405 WO2011076801A1 (fr) 2009-12-23 2010-12-21 Objet pneumatique pourvu d' une couche etanche aux gaz a base d' un melange d' un elastomere thermoplastique et d' un caoutchouc butyl partiellement reticule

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US8686086B2 (en) 2010-06-02 2014-04-01 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Method for obtaining a rubber composition including a thermoplastic filler
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US9399711B2 (en) 2009-12-23 2016-07-26 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Pneumatic object provided with a gas-tight layer comprising a styrene thermoplastic elastomer and a polyphenylene ether
US9403406B2 (en) 2012-09-17 2016-08-02 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tire provided with a tread including a thermoplastic elastomer and carbon black
US9550890B2 (en) 2010-06-23 2017-01-24 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Rubber composition comprising a thermoplastic filler and compatibilizer
US9849727B2 (en) 2011-05-12 2017-12-26 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tire provided with a tread comprising a thermoplastic elastomer
US9855798B2 (en) 2011-07-28 2018-01-02 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Pneumatic tire
US9914328B2 (en) 2010-04-21 2018-03-13 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Inflatable object provided with a gas-tight layer containing a thermoplastic elastomer and a hydrocarbon-based resin
US10272721B2 (en) 2012-08-01 2019-04-30 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Pneumatic tire including inner liner

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US9399711B2 (en) 2009-12-23 2016-07-26 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Pneumatic object provided with a gas-tight layer comprising a styrene thermoplastic elastomer and a polyphenylene ether
US9914328B2 (en) 2010-04-21 2018-03-13 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Inflatable object provided with a gas-tight layer containing a thermoplastic elastomer and a hydrocarbon-based resin
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US8686086B2 (en) 2010-06-02 2014-04-01 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Method for obtaining a rubber composition including a thermoplastic filler
US9550890B2 (en) 2010-06-23 2017-01-24 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Rubber composition comprising a thermoplastic filler and compatibilizer
US9849727B2 (en) 2011-05-12 2017-12-26 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tire provided with a tread comprising a thermoplastic elastomer
US9855798B2 (en) 2011-07-28 2018-01-02 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Pneumatic tire
US10272721B2 (en) 2012-08-01 2019-04-30 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Pneumatic tire including inner liner
US9259969B2 (en) 2012-09-11 2016-02-16 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Pneumatic tire including inner liner
US9403406B2 (en) 2012-09-17 2016-08-02 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tire provided with a tread including a thermoplastic elastomer and carbon black

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CN102666721B (zh) 2014-03-19
CN102666721A (zh) 2012-09-12
KR20120101560A (ko) 2012-09-13
FR2954335B1 (fr) 2013-01-11
JP5657691B2 (ja) 2015-01-21
FR2954335A1 (fr) 2011-06-24
WO2011076801A1 (fr) 2011-06-30
JP2013515800A (ja) 2013-05-09

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