US20120301346A1 - Cgi cast iron and production method for the same - Google Patents

Cgi cast iron and production method for the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120301346A1
US20120301346A1 US13/518,516 US201013518516A US2012301346A1 US 20120301346 A1 US20120301346 A1 US 20120301346A1 US 201013518516 A US201013518516 A US 201013518516A US 2012301346 A1 US2012301346 A1 US 2012301346A1
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Prior art keywords
cast iron
magnesium
present
content
carbon
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US13/518,516
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Sik Yang
Dong Seob Shim
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Hyundai Doosan Infracore Co Ltd
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Doosan Infracore Co Ltd
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Assigned to DOOSAN INFRACORE CO., LTD. reassignment DOOSAN INFRACORE CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SHIM, DONG SEOB, YANG, SIK
Publication of US20120301346A1 publication Critical patent/US20120301346A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cast iron and a method of producing the same, and more particularly, to cast iron having an improved casting property and stable tensile strength and yield strength by controlling the contents of components added to iron, and a method of producing the cast iron.
  • Cast iron according to the present invention corresponds to hypereutectic compacted graphite iron (CGI) cast iron that can be applied to the cylinder block of diesel engines with high output.
  • CGI hypereutectic compacted graphite iron
  • Cast iron is the material that is generally used for cylinder blocks in the related art, common grade cast iron is usually gray cast iron.
  • the gray cast iron is called gray cast iron because carbon is decomposed and produced into graphite in casting and the surface shows gray.
  • cast iron has differences in accordance with the shape, size, and distribution state of graphite contained in the base and the tensile strength of gray cast iron generally called cast iron is about 147.1 to 196.1 MPa.
  • the gray cast iron has a limit in use for the material of the cylinder block of engines having high explosive pressure, because the strength is low although a cast property, damping capacity, and thermal conductivity are excellent.
  • the spherical graphite cast iron is cast iron of which the toughness is improved by changing graphite shown in common cast iron (gray cast iron) into a spherical structure from the original foliaceous structure.
  • the spherical graphite cast iron is also called nodular cast iron or ductile cast iron.
  • the spherical graphite cast iron has excellent abrasion resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, has a higher modulus of elasticity than that of common gray cast iron, has a Brinell Hardnes of even about 200, and also has a cutting property better than that of common cast iron having the same hardness.
  • the spherical graphite cast iron has high strength required for cylinder blocks, but has an insufficient casting property and low thermal conductivity to be produced in a complicate shape, such that it has a limit in use for cylinder bocks having complicated shapes.
  • CGI Cosmetic Graphite Iron
  • the CGI cast iron may be produced by accurately controlling the content of magnesium (Mg) when tapping molten spherical graphite cast iron, which is produced by melting spherical graphite cast iron, into a ladle for carrying original molten metal produced by a furnace to another place.
  • Mg magnesium
  • the present invention provides cast iron of which tensile strength and yield strength are controlled within the ranges of 500 to 600 MPa and 350 to 450 MPa, respectively, by controlling the contents of carbon (C), silicon (Si), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), and magnesium (Mg) with a range that ensures stable properties without causing poor casting.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide cast iron having stable properties and structure by accurately controlling the amount of magnesium (Mg).
  • Mg magnesium
  • Another object of the present invention is to establish a chemical composition and a production method which make it possible to producing cast iron for a cylinder block that can be applied to high-output and high-power diesel engines by providing stable tensile strength and yield strength and appropriate hardness.
  • the present invention provides a cast iron for use with cylinder block of an engine comprising carbon (c) of 3.65 to 3.75 wt %, silicon (Si) of 2.0 to 2.25 wt %, manganese (Mn) of 0.3 to 0.6 wt %, copper (Cu) of 1.2 to 1.4 wt %, tin (Sn) of 0.07 to 0.10 wt %, magnesium (Mg) of 0.008 to 0.018 wt %, phosphorus (P) of 0.04 wt % or less, sulfur (S) of 0.02 wt % or less, and the balance of ferrum (Fe), an the entire weight.
  • tensile strength of the cast iron is 500 to 600 MPa. Further, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, yield strength of the cast iron is in the range of 350 to 450 MPa. Meanwhile, a Brinell Hardness value (BHW) of the cast iron is 255 to 280.
  • BHW Brinell Hardness value
  • CE Carbon Equivalent
  • nodularity of graphite produced by the carbon is 5 to 20% in the cast iron.
  • the present invention provides a method of producing cast iron, comprising: producing original molten cast iron by melting a cast iron material, which contains carbon (C) of 3.65 to 3.75 wt %, silicon (Si) of 2.0 to 2.25 wt %, manganese (Mn) of 0.3 to 0.6 wt %, phosphorous (P) of 0.04 wt % less, sulfur (S) of 0.02 wt % or less, and the balance of ferrum (Fe), in the entire weight, in a furnace; providing copper (Cu) of 1.2 to 1.4 wt %, tin (Sn) of 0.07 to 0.10 wt %, and magnesium (Mg) of 0.008 to 0.018 wt % in a ladle that is a container for tapping the original molten cast iron melted in a furnace; producing molten cast iron by tapping the produced original molten cast iron with the ladle with copper (Cu) of 1.2 to 1.4 wt %,
  • CGI cast iron with stable mechanical properties is achieved by putting a predetermined amount of magnesium (Mg) and appropriate amounts of copper (Cu) and tin (Sn) into a ladle, which is a container for tapping an original molten cast iron melted in a furnace, tapping the original molten cast iron into the laddle, and crystallizing the graphite to be stable CGI.
  • Mg magnesium
  • Cu copper
  • Sn tin
  • CE Carbon Equivalent
  • the tapping temperature of the original molten metal is adjusted to be 1520° C.
  • the cast iron according to the present invention it is possible to estimate nodularity of graphite contained in cast iron from the content of magnesium contained in the molten cast iron and to estimate the range of strength according to the nodularity.
  • the content of magnesium may depend on the necessary strength and the content is 0.008 to 0.018 wt % to be applied to the cylinder block of high-output diesel engines.
  • the present invention it is possible to provide cast iron with tensile strength in the range of 500 to 600 MPa, yield strength in the range of 350 to 450 Mpa, and Brinell Hardness in the range of 255 to 280, by precisely controlling the amount of magnesium (Mg) and controlling the amounts of copper (Cu) and tin (Sn).
  • the cast iron according to the present invention has stable tensile strength and yield strength and appropriate hardness, the cast iron can be used to manufacture cylinder blocks that can be applied to high-output and high-power diesel engines.
  • CGI cast iron having a uniform structure and strength that is high enough to be used for the cylinder block of high-power diesel engines, by precisely controlling the amount of magnesium (Mg). Further, it is possible to produce CGI cast iron having various hardness and tensile strength by controlling the amount of copper (Cu) and tin (Sn) that is alloy elements.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the content of magnesium (Mg) and nodularity of graphite.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the relationship of nodularity of graphite, tensile strength, and yield strength.
  • FIG. 3 is a table showing the relationship between the content of magnesium (Mg) and tensile strength and a representative structure of cast iron (for reference, 1 MPa is 1N/mm 2 ).
  • FIG. 4 is a view simply showing an example of a process of producing cast iron according to the present invention.
  • Cast iron according to the present invention contains carbon (c) of 3.65 to 3.75 wt %, silicon (Si) of 2.0 to 2.25 wt %, manganese (Mn) of 0.3 to 0.6 wt %, copper (Cu) of 1.2 to 1.4 wt %, tin (Sn) of 0.07 to 0.10 wt %, magnesium (Mg) of 0.008 to 0.018 wt %, phosphorus (P) of 0.04 wt % or less, sulfur (S) of 0.02 wt % or less, and the balance of ferrum (Fe), an the entire weight.
  • the basic material of the cast iron is ferrum (Fe).
  • Carbon is added for crystallization of compacted graphite, and when the content of carbon in cast iron is less than 3.65 wt %, a chilling behavior is observed in a thin-walled part, and when it is above 3.75 wt %, graphite nodularity retraction and poor flow are generated. Therefore, the content of carbon is limited within 3.65 to 3.75 wt % in the present invention to prevent the defects in high-strength cylinder block having various thicknesses.
  • Silicon maximizes the amount of crystallization of compacted graphite and increases strength of cast iron when being added at the optimum ratio with carbon.
  • the content of silicon is less than 2.0 wt %, the amount of crystallization of compacted graphite decreases, and when it is above 2.25 wt %, ductility decreases, such that the content is set within 2.0 to 2.25 wt %.
  • Manganese is added to make graphite fine and stabilize pearlite, and in the cast iron according to the present invention, when the content of manganese is less than 0.3 wt %, hardness decreases, and when it is above 0.6 wt %, brittleness increases, such that the content is set within 0.3 to 0.6 wt %.
  • Copper is an element for compacted graphitization and promote creation of pearlite and makes it fine, such that it is an element for ensuring strength.
  • iron according to the present invention when the content of copper is less than 1.2 wt %, lack of strength is caused, but even if the content is above 1.4 wt %, there is no additional effect corresponding to the excessive amount. Therefore, the content of copper is set within 1.2 to 1.4 wt % in the present invention.
  • Tins is a very strong element for promoting creation of pearlite and added to improve strength, similar to copper.
  • the content of tin is less than 0.07 wt %, strength decreases and when it is added over 0.10 wt %, brittleness rapidly increases, such that the content is set within 0.07 to 0.10 wt %.
  • Magnesium has function of graphite nodularity and promotes creation and growth of the nucleus of compacted graphite.
  • the content of magnesium is less than 0.008 wt %, graphite becomes flaky, and when it is above 0.018 wt %, nodularity of graphite increases and poor retraction is caused, such that the content is limited within 0.008 to 0.018 wt %.
  • Phosphorous is also a kind of impurity naturally added from the air in the process of producing cast iron. Phosphorous stabilizes pearlite but when the content is above 0.04 wt %, brittleness rapidly increases and this is in association with poor retraction due to segregation. Therefore, in the cast iron according to the present invention, it is preferable to maintain the content of phosphorous at 0.04 wt % or less.
  • Sulfur functions as a creation site of compacted graphite, but when the content is above 0.02 wt %, it is required to add more magnesium in order to create compacted graphite. That is, when the content of sulfur increases above a predetermined range, with the content is magnesium limited, compacted graphite becomes flaky. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the content of sulfur at 0.02 wt % or less in the cast iron according to the present invention.
  • Ferrum is the main substance of cast iron according to the present invention. The balance except for the components described above is ferrum.
  • carbon equivalent is 4.35 to 4.5.
  • the carbon equivalent is defined by carbon+(silicon+phosphorous) ⁇ 1/3 and the value may be adjusted to control the properties and quality of the product.
  • tensile strength of the cast iron is 500 to 600 MPa and yield strength is 350 to 450 MPa.
  • nodularity of graphite produced by the carbon is 5 to 20%.
  • a process of producing cast iron according to the present invention is described with reference to FIG. 4 .
  • original molten cast iron 110 is produced by melting a cast iron material containing carbon (C) of 3.65 to 3.75 wt %, silicon (Si) of 2.0 to 2.25 wt %, manganese (Mn) of 0.3 to 0.6 wt %, phosphorous (P) of above 0 and 0.04 wt % less, sulfur (S) of above 0 and 0.02 wt % or less, and the balance of ferrum (Fe), in the entire weight, in a furnace 100 .
  • C carbon
  • Si silicon
  • Mn manganese
  • P phosphorous
  • S sulfur
  • Fe ferrum
  • a ladle 200 with the other components 210 of copper (Cu) of 1.2 to 1.4 wt %, tin (Sn) of 0.07 to 0.10 wt %, and magnesium (Mg) of 0.008 to 0.018 wt % is prepared, in which the ladle 200 is a container for tapping the original molten cast iron melted in a furnace.
  • the molten cast iron 110 is produced by tapping the produced original molten cast iron with the ladle 200 with copper (Cu) of 1.2 to 1.4 wt %, tin (Sn) of 0.07 to 0.10 wt %, and magnesium (Mg) of 0.008 to 0.018 wt %.
  • Cu copper
  • Sn tin
  • Mg magnesium
  • the tapping temperature can be adjusted to be 1,520° C.
  • the CE Carbon Equivalent
  • the CE may be adjusted to be 4.35 to 4.5 in the original molten cast iron.
  • the amount of magnesium to be added is determined by checking the content of magnesium contained in the molten cast iron in the ladle 200 .
  • the original molten cast iron was carried to the ladle with the magnesium, a predetermined amount of magnesium is contained in the molten cast iron in the ladle. Nevertheless, the content of magnesium contained in the molten cast iron in the ladle is checked again to more precisely controlled the content of magnesium in consideration of loss of magnesium while carrying the ladle, and when it is determined that it needs to add magnesium, magnesium is added again.
  • a thermal analysis system 300 may be used to check the content of magnesium.
  • Magnesium of which the amount to be added is determined is added to the molten cast iron in the ladle. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it may be possible to add magnesium, using a wire shape of magnesium 500 .
  • Another inoculant that is generally used in a process of producing cast iron may be added with magnesium.
  • a silicon-based inoculant may be added.
  • the silicon-based inoculant may be obtained from those on the market.
  • the kind and content of the inoculant may be easily selected and determined by those skilled in the art, if necessary.
  • Other inoculants may also be shaped in a wire type 500 .
  • Cast iron is completed by injecting the molten metal with magnesium into a mold 400 .
  • S is an element that is unavoidably contained in the raw material of cast iron and the process of producing cast iron, such that it is not separately added but the content is maintained at 0.02 wt % or less.
  • the content of carbon was adjusted by measuring the CE by using a CE meter before tapping and temperature was fitted to 1,146° C. with respect to TL (Liquidous Temperature), thereby preparing original molten metal.
  • a ladle was prepared by adding magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and tin (Sn) and the original molten metal was tapped to the ladle while the tapping temperature is uniformly maintained around about 1,520° C.
  • the amount of magnesium to be added in consideration of the content of magnesium that will be finally contained was determined by thermally analyzing the tapped original molten metal, the alloy amount of a wire type of magnesium was injected into a mold at 1,410° C. after the alloy elements are adjusted.
  • Carbon equivalent (CE), tensile strength (TS), yield strength (YS), hardness (Hardness), and nodularity of the cast iron produced in accordance with the composition in Table 1 were measured and shown in Table 2.
  • the hardness is Brinell Hardness and an HBW Brinell hardness value.
  • the tensile strength was within 500 to 600 MPa(N/mm 2 ), the yield strength was 350 to 450 MPa(N/mm 2 ), and the HBW brinell hardness value was 255 to 280.
  • the cast iron according to the present invention has stable tensile strength and yield strength and appropriate hardness, such that the cast iron may be easily used to manufacture a cylinder block that can be applied to high-output and high-power diesel engines.
  • nodularity was in the range of 5 to 20% in the CGI cast iron according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 can be referred for the relationship between tensile strength and yield strength according to nodularity of the CGI cast iron produced as described above. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , it is possible to provide the cast iron of which the tensile strength and the yield strength are in the ranges of 500 to 600 MPa and 350 to 450 Mpa, respectively, with good quality of product.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
US13/518,516 2009-12-22 2010-12-08 Cgi cast iron and production method for the same Abandoned US20120301346A1 (en)

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KR1020090128817A KR101605905B1 (ko) 2009-12-22 2009-12-22 Ｃｇｉ 주철 및 그 제조방법
KR10-2009-0128817 2009-12-22
PCT/KR2010/008730 WO2011078500A2 (ko) 2009-12-22 2010-12-08 Ｃｇｉ 주철 및 그 제조방법

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EP (1) EP2518174B1 (zh)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130134680A1 (en) * 2011-11-30 2013-05-30 Heron Gekonde High modulus wear resistant gray cast iron for piston ring applications

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CN103195689A (zh) * 2013-04-24 2013-07-10 东莞市金瑞五金制品有限公司 一种压缩机
KR102279874B1 (ko) * 2014-12-24 2021-07-20 두산인프라코어 주식회사 구상 흑연 주철 및 이의 제조방법, 이로부터 제조된 유압기기용 부품
KR102388131B1 (ko) * 2015-02-04 2022-04-19 현대두산인프라코어(주) 컴팩트 흑연 주철 및 이를 포함하는 엔진 부품
WO2018079887A1 (ko) * 2016-10-28 2018-05-03 한국생산기술연구원 편상 흑연 주철 및 주물과 그 제조방법
CN112322962B (zh) * 2020-11-06 2022-04-12 中原内配集团股份有限公司 一种蠕墨铸铁及其制备方法
CN114836680A (zh) * 2021-02-01 2022-08-02 上海海立电器有限公司 铸件材料、压缩机气缸及其铸造方法、转子式压缩机

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130134680A1 (en) * 2011-11-30 2013-05-30 Heron Gekonde High modulus wear resistant gray cast iron for piston ring applications
US9091345B2 (en) * 2011-11-30 2015-07-28 Federal-Mogul Corporation High modulus wear resistant gray cast iron for piston ring applications

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WO2011078500A2 (ko) 2011-06-30
EP2518174B1 (en) 2015-07-22
KR101605905B1 (ko) 2016-03-23
CN102666896B (zh) 2014-10-29
CN103938067A (zh) 2014-07-23
EP2518174A2 (en) 2012-10-31
KR20110072048A (ko) 2011-06-29
EP2518174A4 (en) 2014-05-07
CN103938067B (zh) 2017-07-28
CN102666896A (zh) 2012-09-12
WO2011078500A3 (ko) 2011-11-10

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