US20120288804A1 - Method and device for operating a conveyor for a combustion product - Google Patents

Method and device for operating a conveyor for a combustion product Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120288804A1
US20120288804A1 US13/462,428 US201213462428A US2012288804A1 US 20120288804 A1 US20120288804 A1 US 20120288804A1 US 201213462428 A US201213462428 A US 201213462428A US 2012288804 A1 US2012288804 A1 US 2012288804A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
combustion product
conveyor
combustion
transport
control unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/462,428
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English (en)
Inventor
Rafael Moreno Rueda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clyde Bergemann DRYCON GmbH
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Clyde Bergemann DRYCON GmbH
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Assigned to CLYDE BERGEMANN DRYCON GMBH reassignment CLYDE BERGEMANN DRYCON GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MORENO RUEDA, RAFAEL
Publication of US20120288804A1 publication Critical patent/US20120288804A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01002—Cooling of ashes from the combustion chamber by indirect heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01009—Controls related to ash or slag extraction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating a conveyor and to a conveyor for a combustion product. It further includes a method for operating a combustion plant, as well as a combustion plant.
  • Combustion products should generally be led away from a combustion plant and be fed to a following process or a collecting tank.
  • the combustion device which can be designed for a wide variety of purposes, is generally situated directly upstream of the conveyor.
  • the present invention particularly relates, however, to larger combustion installations and large-scale plants which are used for the removal of pollutants and/or for energy extraction.
  • the ensuing combustion products can therefore have very different properties.
  • the focus is here primarily on combustion products which are solid or at least have a high viscosity.
  • the combustion processes here often have in common that the combustion products arise at irregular times and/or in varying quality, so that for following processes a homogenization of the combustion product flow is desirable.
  • the object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the drawbacks known from the prior art.
  • the object is to define a method and a conveyor with which the combustion product flow is constantly matched to the requirements of following processes.
  • a method for operating a conveyor for a combustion product includes at least the following steps:
  • combustion products can be of any nature.
  • such combustion products are after-products of a combustion operation in the manner of solids. They can therefore, for example, be fine-grained and/or dry in the form of ash, baked and/or moist like slag, and/or can also be present in a mixed form.
  • the conveyor can be any apparatus which is suitable for being temporarily in contact with hot combustion products of this kind, wherein the combustion product, for example, has a temperature (after loading) within the range 20° C. to 800° C., when loaded after the combustion operation has, in particular, a temperature in excess of 500° C., and is transported by the conveyor, for instance, for a period of 20 to 500 seconds.
  • step a) the combustion product is transported in a lying manner.
  • the combustion product here rests, in particular, on a transport means or transporter (e.g., belt, containers, buckets, subfloor, etc.).
  • the combustion product can in this phase either be transported lying essentially still on a moved transport means and/or be moved with lying contact over a slowly moved and/or stationary subfloor.
  • This step is executed, in particular, for the transportation of the combustion product from a hotter region into a cooler region.
  • step b In the falling transportation of the combustion product according to step b), the combustion product moves in a substantially vertical direction, following (essentially only) the force of gravity.
  • the combustion product can here fall freely and without guidance, or be fed to a specific catching region in a drop shaft, which can be angled occasionally in places or over the entire length.
  • the combustion product particularly in a drop shaft and preferably by obstructions, can be impeded in its freefall.
  • the steps including the lying and falling transport can be placed (directly) one after the other in sequence. In other words, this means also that step b) follows directly on step a).
  • Such an embodiment can be provided, in particular, when the combustion products are already fine-grained at the end of step a), for instance with a maximum extent (diameter) of about 250 millimetres, in particular maximally about 100 millimetres.
  • microwaves While the combustion product is falling, it is particularly easily detectable by microwaves.
  • the microwaves are suitable for partially penetrating the combustion product and for being partially reflected therefrom and/or absorbed, so that physical properties of the combustion product are detectable from the (residual) microwave beams arriving at a receiver.
  • a (single and microwave-emitting) microwave sensor evaluates the share of the microwaves which are reflected from the combustion product per unit of time.
  • the detected property is relayed to the control unit (step d)).
  • the measurement result can here be edited, to all intents and purposes to the point where it is directly readable as a data record.
  • the measurement results can also be converted only upon reaching the control unit, for example on the basis of electronic signals, into data relating to the properties of the combustion product.
  • These self-edited data, or data already relayed from the microwave sensor can be analysed in the following step by the control unit (step e)).
  • On the basis of the analysis of the microwave radiation at least one (physical) property of the conveyed combustion product can be detected. For this, reference tests can be completed and analysed beforehand, which reference tests allow the current microwave radiation to be assigned to a corresponding property.
  • microwave scatter microwave scatter
  • temperature temperature, . . .
  • properties of the combustion product material, temperature, . . .
  • the analysis includes both the comparison with desired limit values and the comparison with requirements, in particular with regard to the conveyor and/or in relation to process variables which are demanded in upstream and/or downstream processes.
  • one or more transportation parameters can then be controlled in an appropriately adapted manner in step f).
  • a control circuit for the conveying operation is thus designed in dependence on the measurement results, so that the conveying operation is (automatically) adapted according to corresponding presets.
  • This process is preferably performed in real time.
  • a particular advantage of this method lies in the fact that the conveyor can be protected from excessive heat influence and, at the same time, the desired physical properties for following processes can be edited.
  • the combustion product is crushed in the region of a transition from the lying transport to the falling transport.
  • a homogenization of the combustion product not only in terms of its size, but also in terms of its distribution, can be realized in the following measuring section or in the measuring zone (in a drop shaft).
  • Such a crusher in the case of a combustion product which is already present in a sufficiently small grain size, can therefore also be used as a distributor.
  • the preferred aim of the crushing is therefore not only a uniform grain size of the combustion product, but also an improved detection of the physical properties by the microwaves.
  • the at least one property of the combustion product which is set to be detected is at least one from the following group:
  • the stated (physical) properties can be determined both solely through the analysis of the microwave radiation or in combination with measurements in other regions and/or by other sensors. If a volume flow is detected, then statements on the quantity and density of the combustion product are possible, for example. From this, conclusions on the combustion quality and/or the temperature pattern of the combustion product in the conveyor can also be evaluated. This can also be correspondingly achieved through the detection of a mass flow. In the detection of the mass flow, the supplied quality for following processes can also be evaluated. Through the detection of the moisture in the combustion product and/or the ambient air, a quality for following processes and/or also of the upstream combustion process can likewise be determined. Via the temperature, the transport operation, the composition of the combustion product and/or a cooling operation can be analysed. With the determination of the grain size of the combustion product, not only is it possible to assess the crushing, but also to evaluate the quality and nature of the combustion product.
  • the at least one parameter of the transportation which is set to be controlled is at least one from the following group:
  • both the temperature or temperature pattern of the combustion product and the quantity of combustion product can be altered.
  • an advantageous adaptation of the combustion product quality and combustion product quantity to following processes can be prepared, preferably in real time.
  • the temperature pattern of the combustion product can in turn be altered, though the speed of the lying transportation does not need to be altered.
  • the cooling quantity not only can the cooling quantity be controlled, but also in several types of cooling facilities the adaptation to an optimal cooling is controllable.
  • the supply of combustion products from the upstream combustion process can also be controlled, whereby a reduced or increased loading of the conveyor can be obtained.
  • the heat input into the conveyor can hereby also be reduced, for example.
  • the degree of crushing is also dependent on a variety of conditions and, like the previous parameters, can also be adjusted in the interaction between the parameters. In particular, the degree of crushing is of importance to following processes.
  • a method for operating a combustion plant is also proposed, wherein, apart from the above-described method, a further step g) is also performed, in which one or more process variables for the operation of a boiler are adjusted by the control unit on the basis of the analysis of the relayed property of the combustion product, the process variable including at least one of the following group:
  • boilers for any type of combustion can be suitable. All types of process-related combustions are controllable, at least via the above-stated process variables.
  • the duration and temperature of the combustion becomes adjustable.
  • the course of the combustion is likewise decisively influenced by the fuel quantity.
  • the temperature of the combustion is a very direct quality feature of the combustion, yet constitutes no direct control variable and is adjusted, in particular, via the other stated process variables.
  • the delivered quantity of combustion product has not only a varied influence on the combustion process per se, but also on the following conveying operation and/or the quality and composition of the combustion product itself. It is therefore particularly advantageous to adjust and regulate the combustion process already in the boiler, also on the basis of the measurement data of the microwave measurement in the region of the falling transportation.
  • a conveyor for transporting a combustion product which conveyor includes at least the following components:
  • the transport means with drive can be a transport means with which a combustion product can be conveyed in a lying manner, wherein a (transport) speed is adjustable via the (at least one) drive.
  • a (transport) speed is adjustable via the (at least one) drive.
  • the combustion product follows the force of gravity down to a following process or collecting container.
  • This drop shaft can also be provided with falling speed retarding means or retarder (e.g., grille, diversion, constriction, etc.), which influence a falling speed of the combustion product.
  • this drop shaft is provided at least one measuring means or sensor for detecting one or more (physical) properties of the combustion product, which with the aid of microwaves enables, in particular, a rapid detection which can be utilized for a real-time control.
  • suitable measures in the drop shaft and/or on the transport means it is possible in a preferred embodiment to ensure that the combustion product in the drop shaft passes the measuring means at a substantially constant speed, so that extensive direct and indirect measurement variables can be determined.
  • a plurality of measuring means are arranged in the drop shaft, these being positioned in a (horizontal) plane perpendicular to the drop shaft (distributed, if necessary, evenly over the periphery).
  • the use of three (3) microwave sensors is particularly preferred.
  • the employed plurality of measuring means/microwave sensors can also be constructed or operated differently. Thus different frequency bands, for example, can be used with the measuring means/microwave sensors for measurement purposes.
  • a suitable microwave sensor can be inserted, for example, in metallic pipes of the drop shaft.
  • a measuring field is generated.
  • the microwave transmitted by the microwave sensor is reflected from the particles of the combustion product and is then also received again.
  • the received signals can be analysed, moreover, with respect to their frequency and amplitude, so that the microwave sensor also works in the manner of a meter.
  • the analysis which is selectively geared to a predetermined frequency, serves to ensure that only moving combustion products are actually measured.
  • control unit which receives the measurement signals and/or measurement data from the measuring means, the detected and relayed properties are analysed, as has been described, for example, previously in the method. Based on this and possibly based on further control variables, the control unit is designed to control the conveyor. For this are provided, in particular, the corresponding data lines and/or control lines, which enable a corresponding communication of the components. In particular, such a conveyor allows the transport of combustion product to be regulated in real time.
  • a crusher is arranged between the transport means and the drop shaft.
  • Such a crusher is particularly suitable for ensuring homogenization of the grain size of the combustion product.
  • homogenization can also be achieved with the grain size distribution in the following drop shaft portion.
  • a crusher can be realized by a wide variety of crushing means or crushers. For example, this can be achieved by interlocking teeth of gearwheels, grinders or obstacles in the drop shaft.
  • a jaw crusher in which the combustion product is crushed in the wedge-shaped shaft between a fixed crusher jaw and the crusher jaw moved by an eccentric shaft
  • a roller crusher and/or a grinder for example for coal
  • the conveyor additionally has a cooler, which cools the combustion product at least in the region of the transport means and can be regulated by the control unit.
  • the cooler preferably consists of at least one flap and/or at least one valve between the environment and the transport region (which is encapsulated or integrated in a housing), by which, for example, cooling air is fed to the combustion product during travel in the transport region (preferably in counterflow) with overpressure (by fans, for instance), and/or on the basis of an underpressure prevailing in the transport region.
  • cooling air or other cooling fluids controlled by other processes for the cooling, are introduced.
  • the controllability of the cooler can thus also be seen in the fact that the appropriate selection of coolants is made from amongst a selection of different coolers or cooler components, based on the analysis in the control unit, and/or the intensity of the cooling is adapted by the respectively controlled cooler.
  • the cooling can be boosted, for example, if at least one of the following properties is increased: volume flow, mass flow, moisture, temperature, grain size.
  • the transport means is a troughed chain conveyor or conveyor belt and can be regulated by the control unit.
  • This is constituted by a wet conveyor or, particularly preferably, by a so-called dry conveyor, in which the combustion product is thus transported in the hot state without immersion in a water bath.
  • a troughed chain conveyor interconnected troughs, compartments or the like are formed, in which the combustion product is transported.
  • the conveyor belt is constituted, for example, by plates which are driven as one in strung-together arrangement, with the combustion product being deposited thereon.
  • the troughs, plates, etc. of the two transport means can be moved with chain drives or the like.
  • a troughed chain conveyor and/or conveyor belt of this kind can also be provided processing means or processors, which effect a processing of the combustion product for the subsequent use of the combustion product.
  • processing means or processors which effect a processing of the combustion product for the subsequent use of the combustion product.
  • fins or spikes for example, which lead to a crushing and more even distribution of the combustion product.
  • Scrapers can also be fitted, which scrapers effect a cleaning of attachments in the region of the troughed chain conveyor or conveyor belt.
  • devices which, in the case of an inclined transport, aid either the maintenance of the current distribution of combustion products on the transport means or, in contrast, cause a redistribution of the combustion product on the transport means, can also be fitted.
  • a combustion plant including the conveyor according to the invention and additionally having a boiler
  • the control unit is configured to control an operating resource of the boiler.
  • the nature of the boiler has already been discussed in connection with the method for operating a combustion plant.
  • Such a combustion plant is suitable, in particular, for this method.
  • the operating resources of the boiler are, inter alia, the supply of fuel and combustion air, as well as control means or controller for the venting of combustion products and exhaust gases.
  • the control unit can additionally be supplied with measurement variables from the boiler, whereby the control unit is in turn capable of undertaking, on the basis thereof, control measures on the conveyor.
  • inventive features pertaining to the methods can be correspondingly realized with the devices according to the invention.
  • the devices are therefore particularly suitable and configured to implement the methods.
  • the processes and method steps which are represented in connection with the device according to the invention can also be integrated into the method according to the invention (also irrespective of the concrete embodiment of the apparatuses or device components). This applies, for example, to the cooling processes and the regulation of the cooling.
  • the method and the device for operating a conveyor for a combustion product during the conveyance, through the detection and analysis of properties (such as volume flow, mass flow, moisture, temperature, grain size) of the combustion product by means of microwaves, a control of transport parameters (such as transport speed, cooling of the combustion product, supply of combustion product, degree of crushing) is realized. It is herein possible to protect the conveyor thermally and mechanically and, at the same time, to ensure real-time regulation of the composition and quantity of the combustion product for following treatment steps.
  • the invention is focussed, in particular, on the conveyance of combustion products, yet other materials to be conveyed can also, of course, be correspondingly transported.
  • the invention can also similarly be used in the conveyance of, for example, (hot) bulk goods, (wet) sludge, etc.
  • the “combustion product” can also be regarded as a synonym for these materials.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a conveyor
  • FIG. 2 an example of a workflow of the method for operating a conveyor for a combustion product
  • FIG. 3 an example of a combustion plant
  • FIG. 4 an example of a workflow of the method of the combustion plant.
  • FIG. 1 a conveyor 1 is shown according to the principle.
  • combustion products 2 which are here represented, by way of example, as molten into a slag shape.
  • a drop shaft 11 into which the combustion product 2 , coming from the transport means 9 , enters processed via obstacles, physical properties are recorded by microwaves 3 .
  • the measuring means 12 which in this example is both a transmitter and a receiver of microwaves 3 , relays measurement signals, for example in already edited data form, via the measuring line 18 to the control unit 4 . In the control unit 4 , the inputted data or measurement signals are analysed.
  • a modified signal is delivered via the drive control line 17 to the drive 10 (which can also be disposed at another location or at the other end of the transport means 9 ), by which, in this example, the speed of the transport means 9 is controlled.
  • the arrow in FIG. 1 represents the combustion product supply 15 , which is controlled via a combustion product metering means 16 .
  • the combustion product metering means 16 is not controlled via the control unit 4 ; this would also be possible, however. Since, for many technical applications, it is valuable for the combustion product 2 to be guided in a region of slight underpressure, in this example the transport region 5 is bounded by surrounding structures, which are indicated by lines.
  • step 0 likewise has an influence on step b
  • suitable transport means which can influence, for example, a transport speed, e.g. movable obstacles or an air counterflow.
  • the sequence of steps c) to f), on the other hand, should in many cases be left as it stands. If need be, repeats of the individual steps could thus be performed before the next step is realized.
  • step a) does not necessarily have to be carried out in order to execute step b).
  • step c) can also be carried out without execution of step b), in the sense that it is therein established that no combustion product, with regard to FIG. 1 , is at the moment present in the drop shaft 11 .
  • FIG. 3 shows by way of example a combustion plant 6 in which at the very top is provided a boiler 7 having a grate 26 , in which a fuel 25 , together with supplied combustion air 8 , is burnt.
  • the combustion product 2 is delivered through the grate 26 (and/or a discharge shaft) to the transport means 9 .
  • the transport means 9 of the conveyor 1 is in this case, in a further portion, angled upward, whereby a height is surmounted in order to obtain a sufficient height of the drop shaft 11 and, moreover, also to acquire a redistribution of the combustion products 2 in the angled region.
  • a crusher 13 is interposed, in which the combustion products 2 are crushed into a uniform grain size and homogenization of the grain size distribution is achieved.
  • the combustion product 2 leaving the crusher 13 is detected by microwaves 3 emanating from the measuring means 12 as in FIG. 1 .
  • the measuring means 12 is here shown purely schematically and can therefore also be made up of a plurality of individual sensors, which can be distributed, for example, over the periphery of the drop shaft 11 .
  • the data are provided to the control unit 4 , in which, on the basis of the analysis, the drive 10 of the transport means 9 is controlled via the drive control line 17 , the supply of cooling air 19 is controlled by the control system of the cooler 14 , and the crusher 13 is controlled via the crusher control line 24 .
  • the drive 10 is represented on the left in this FIG.
  • the transport region temperature sensor 20 in the transport region 5 which is connected by the T T -measuring line 21 to the control unit 4
  • the boiler temperature sensor 22 which is provided in the boiler 7 here, by way of example, above the fuel 25 and is connected by the T B -measuring line 23 to the control unit 4 .
  • step a) likewise constitutes a measurement variable for step f).
  • step g) has a direct influence on step a).
  • a further control unit can be interposed or the method can be conducted via step e) or f).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
US13/462,428 2011-05-13 2012-05-02 Method and device for operating a conveyor for a combustion product Abandoned US20120288804A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011101390A DE102011101390A1 (de) 2011-05-13 2011-05-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Fördereinrichtung für ein Abbrandprodukt
DE102011101390.7 2011-05-13

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US (1) US20120288804A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2522905A3 (de)
CN (1) CN102777918A (de)
DE (1) DE102011101390A1 (de)

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US20110297060A1 (en) * 2008-10-17 2011-12-08 Clyde Bergemann Drycon Gmbh Conveyor device for combustion boilers
CN108167837A (zh) * 2018-01-05 2018-06-15 无锡雪浪环境科技股份有限公司 半水浴式捞渣机
US20190178492A1 (en) * 2015-12-07 2019-06-13 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ash discharge system
CN110006487A (zh) * 2019-04-02 2019-07-12 南京华电节能环保设备有限公司 一种高温熔渣回收发电用检测装置及方法
CN117190216A (zh) * 2023-11-07 2023-12-08 华能山东发电有限公司烟台发电厂 一种干式除渣系统

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CN110146402B (zh) * 2018-02-12 2022-02-18 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 烧结燃料水分和粒度组成的智能检测系统及其控制方法
CN109665257A (zh) * 2018-12-24 2019-04-23 华润电力唐山丰润有限公司 高温渣料输送检测保护装置和检测保护系统

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110297060A1 (en) * 2008-10-17 2011-12-08 Clyde Bergemann Drycon Gmbh Conveyor device for combustion boilers
US20190178492A1 (en) * 2015-12-07 2019-06-13 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ash discharge system
EP3388745A4 (de) * 2015-12-07 2019-07-03 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ascheabführsystem
US10712000B2 (en) * 2015-12-07 2020-07-14 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ash discharge system
CN108167837A (zh) * 2018-01-05 2018-06-15 无锡雪浪环境科技股份有限公司 半水浴式捞渣机
CN110006487A (zh) * 2019-04-02 2019-07-12 南京华电节能环保设备有限公司 一种高温熔渣回收发电用检测装置及方法
CN117190216A (zh) * 2023-11-07 2023-12-08 华能山东发电有限公司烟台发电厂 一种干式除渣系统

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