US20120261357A1 - Method for the treatment of water and wastewater - Google Patents

Method for the treatment of water and wastewater Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120261357A1
US20120261357A1 US13/509,014 US200913509014A US2012261357A1 US 20120261357 A1 US20120261357 A1 US 20120261357A1 US 200913509014 A US200913509014 A US 200913509014A US 2012261357 A1 US2012261357 A1 US 2012261357A1
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Prior art keywords
filter
media
water
granular
stage
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Abandoned
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US13/509,014
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans F. Larsson
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Nordic Water Products AB
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Individual
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Assigned to NORDIC WATER PRODUCTS AB reassignment NORDIC WATER PRODUCTS AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LARSSON, HANS F.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/46—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/007—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with multiple filtering elements in series connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/28—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed moving during the filtration
    • B01D24/30—Translation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/46—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter
    • B01D24/4668—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter by moving the filtering element
    • B01D24/4689—Displacement of the filtering material to a compartment of the filtering device for regeneration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the treatment of water/wastewater, and more particularly, to an improved method for removing impurities/pollutants, for example particles, precipitates, metals, emulsions, algae, bacteria, viruses, Protozoa and their oocysts as well as other microorganisms and related matter from water/wastewater according to the preamble of claim 1 .
  • impurities/pollutants for example particles, precipitates, metals, emulsions, algae, bacteria, viruses, Protozoa and their oocysts as well as other microorganisms and related matter from water/wastewater according to the preamble of claim 1 .
  • Water normally needs to be purified before it is used by municipalities and/or industries, and the wastewater produced by municipalities and/or industries needs to be treated before it is reused and/or discharged.
  • the quality demands for the treated water/wastewater have got stricter over time due to stricter drinking water and environmental regulations.
  • the need to use new sources for drinking water and process water like seawater and/or polluted surface water and/or treated wastewater further creates a need for advanced and reliable treatment methods and/or systems to produce acceptable water.
  • New methods and systems are needed both for complete stand alone systems as well as for specific treatment steps in a chain of treatment steps, for example pre-treatment before membranes for seawater desalination.
  • Another such system may be a water treatment system where drinking water or industrial process water is produced from seawater and/or surface water and another system may be a wastewater treatment system, wherein the wastewater needs to be treated so that it can be discharged or reused in industry or in municipalities or for irrigation, as a part source of drinking water and similar purposes.
  • a further example is the treatment of lake and/or river water and/or ground water to produce drinking water and/or process water.
  • Such methods and systems should be simple, reliable and produce treated water of a very high quality. Such treatment systems and/or steps should further be energy efficient and use as little chemicals as possible and produce as little reject and/or polluting by-products of the treatment as possible.
  • particles, dissolved substances, algae, bacteria, viruses, Protozoa, organic substances, phosphorus and other nutrients, arsenic, metals and other pollutants may in many cases need to be removed to a very high degree from the water/wastewater.
  • microorganisms such as
  • Cryptosporidium and Giardia and their oocysts and/or cysts may need to be removed from the water/wastewater.
  • Many systems have one or more steps that convert dissolved or colloidal matter to particles that can be separated by solids/liquid separation techniques.
  • the water/wastewater may be subjected to precipitation and/or flocculation treatment.
  • Dissolved substances such as humic substances, metals, nutrients e.g. phosphorus and/or poisonous substances like arsenic and its compounds, fluorides and/or pesticides are converted to solid particles and/or absorbed or adsorbed on solid particles.
  • Such particles may be of colloidal size and/or created by precipitation and may need to be flocculated in order to create bigger particles.
  • Colloidal matter and other fine particles present in the water/wastewater may also need to be subjected to precipitation and/or flocculation treatment in order to create bigger particles.
  • conventional chemical treatment can include chemical injection and flash mixing/precipitation followed by one or more flocculation tanks in which the water/wastewater is agitated with stirrers or agitators in order to create bigger particles, flocs after which it passes through one or more sedimentation basins for separation of particles and/or flocs.
  • One of the disadvantages of conventional chemical treatment processes is the large area and/or volume required for the flocculation tanks and sedimentation basins.
  • a further disadvantage of conventional chemical treatment techniques is the long residence time for the water/wastewater in the flocculation tank as well as in the sedimentation basin.
  • a granular media filter for example a sand filter
  • the granular filter media in such granular bed filters must be cleaned. In some such filters the granular filter media is cleaned by being subjected to back-washing at intervals and/or when the pressure drop over the filter bed has reached a predetermined level.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,426,005 B1 relating to a method and system for treating water/wastewater including two serial, continuously operating granular media filters of the moving bed type with continuous washing of the granular bed media, e.g. moving bed sand filters.
  • the type of system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,426,005 B1 can either be used as a stand alone system for treatment of water and/or wastewater or be used as a part of a treatment system consisting of a number of steps.
  • the treatment system according to U.S. Pat. No. 6,426,005 B1 thus comprises two serial continuously operating granular media filters of the moving bed type that may have different size of filter media, e.g. filter sand.
  • filters e.g. filter sand.
  • chemicals for coagulation/flocculation may be added and the liquid to be treated may be subjected to a disinfecting treatment and/or a mechanical, biological and/or chemical treatment.
  • the water/wastewater to be treated is introduced as an influent into said filters.
  • the water/wastewater is treated within said filters such that treated, processed water/wastewater or effluent is produced and the impurities separated in the bed in the first granular media filter are discharged from the first granular media filter as a first reject.
  • the effluent from the first granular media filter is further filtered in the second continuously operating granular media filter such that the effluent from the second granular media filter is the filtrate and the impurities separated in the bed in the second granular media filter are discharged from the second granular media filter as a second reject.
  • the first and second rejects being discharged from the first and second continuously operated granular media filters, respectively are introduced into a separate treatment apparatus.
  • the rejects containing pollutants separated from the water/wastewater being treated in the first and second serial granular media filters are subjected to a renewed treatment and/or separate treatment that eventually results in purified water that meets quality standards and a sludge that can be dewatered and/or processed, as its end products.
  • Reverse osmosis which uses membranes that are both expensive and very sensitive is a realistic technique for desalination of sea water, but it is essential that the influent to a reverse osmosis plant is substantially free from particulate matter and other pollutants, or expressed in other terms, has a silt density index SDI, which does not exceed SDI 4, and preferably is even lower. It is not possible to consistently reach this high purity level when treating feed water with a substantial variation in the level of pollutants with existing techniques using granular media filters, and as mentioned above with the advanced system according to U.S. Pat. No. 6,426,005 B1, only under favourable circumstances is it possible to obtain an SDI of around 5 or lower.
  • bacteria, viruses and/or microorganisms like Giardia and Cryptosporidium and their oocysts need to be removed to the highest degree. Also here improved systems are highly desirable.
  • Arsenic in drinking water sources presents another example where high efficiency separation in a simple, robust, and reliable system is much needed.
  • Ground water may contain particles, metals and/or dissolved substances that may need to be removed to a high degree.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for the treatment of water and/or wastewater which is suitable for all applications where particles and/or other pollutants and/or emulsions are to be separated to a very high degree in order to produce a very clean effluent.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method for the treatment of seawater and/or other salt containing water that makes it possible to consistently produce water which is sufficiently pure (SDI consistently below 4) to be treated in a desalination plant working with reverse osmosis membranes, and at the same time provide a robust system being able to cope with comparatively low quality influents with characteristics that may vary strongly due to circumstances, e.g. storms leading to sharply increased silt levels, algal growth, construction and/or shipping activity near the seawater intake.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method for production from surface water, ground water and/or wastewater of drinking water and/or industrial process water that must be of a high quality like e.g. boiler feed water.
  • treatment particles humic substances, microorganisms, viruses, arsenic, metals, fluorides, pesticides and a number of other substances may have to be removed.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method for removing particles from water that has been subjected to precipitation down to very low levels of pollutants, e.g. 0.02 mg/l or lower for total phosphorus.
  • pollutants e.g. 0.02 mg/l or lower for total phosphorus.
  • Other examples where a very high separation efficiency after precipitation can be obtained is for the removal of arsenic, metals and/or fluorides from water as well as the removal of
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a system or plant for the treatment of water which consumes less energy and produces less reject to be taken care of compared with prior art processes.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a system or plant that uses less chemicals to obtain the desired high purity of the effluent.
  • the improved method according to the invention for the treatment of water or wastewater, having impurities therein uses two granular media filter stages of the moving bed type, operated in series. Intermittent washing of the granular filter media in the second or downstream granular media filter stage according to the invention, very surprisingly produces a substantial improvement of the effluent when used on the same influent and the under the same conditions as for the system according to U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,005 B1.
  • granular media filters in the second stage are operated with continuous filtration.
  • the second stage granular media filters are operated with intermittent filtration and intermittent washing, i.e. the filtration is stopped during the intermittent washing, and water used for washing of the filter media is replaced with suitably clean water.
  • the first stage granular media filters are operated with continuous filtration and continuous granular media washing.
  • the first stage granular media filters are operated with continuous filtration but with intermittent granular media washing.
  • the first stage granular media filters are operated with intermittent filtration and intermittent washing, i.e. the filtration is stopped during the intermittent washing, and water used for washing of the filter media is replaced with suitably clean water.
  • each of said first and second stage granular media filters are washed by removing granular filter media from the bottom part of the filter bed, transporting it to a media washer, washing it and returning it to the top of the filter bed, while a reject consisting of wash water and pollutants is produced.
  • granular filter media is transported from the bottom part of the filter bed with an air lift pump to a media washer, the washed filter media is returned to the top of the filter bed and the reject produced consisting of wash water and pollutants is discharged through a reject pipe.
  • a valve in the reject pipe is kept open only during the washing of filter media.
  • valve in the reject pipe is opened at a suitable time before starting the air lift pump and is closed at a suitable time after the air lift pump is stopped.
  • a continuous fractional flow of water through the reject pipe is maintained between washings.
  • coarser granular media is used in said first stage granular media filters in relation to in said second stage granular media filters. Further, different densities of the granular media can be used in the first and second stage granular media filters, respectively.
  • said first stage granular media filters are arranged with their effluent pipes at a higher level above ground in relation to the influent pipes of said second stage granular media filters.
  • a shorter filter bed is used in the second stage filters.
  • the rejects from the first and second filter stages are either discharged or subjected to further treatment and/or disinfection in order to concentrate and/or make harmless the rejects, or they are returned to an earlier step in the treatment chain.
  • the reject from the second filter stage may as an alternative be returned to the influent of the first stage granular media filters.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a two stage filtering system with granular media filter modules of the moving bed type for performing the method according to the invention, where each of the first and second stages consist either of any number of free-standing granular media filter modules operated in parallel (in case of more than one filter) or consist of a number of granular media filter modules arranged in filter cells, in which case a filter plant will comprise an arbitrary number of cells in each filter stage being arranged to work in parallel with each other (in case of more than one cell).
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a system for treatment of sea water or surface water according to the invention and with optional chemical treatment
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the discharge of reject water from the granular media washer with a reject valve and a bypass on the reject pipe.
  • FIG. 4 a schematically illustrates part of a filtration plant according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 b is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IVb-IVb in FIG. 4 a.
  • FIG. 4 c is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IVc-IVc in FIG. 4 a.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a prior art water/wastewater treatment apparatus including two serial, continuously operated sand filters with continuous filtration and continuous washing of the granular filter bed media.
  • a first, or upstream filter A works with continuous filtration of water/wastewater fed upwards through the granular filter media, while the bed of granular filter media moves downwards. A part of the dirty granular filter media is transported with an air lift pump up to the top of the filter and is washed and returned to the top of the filter bed.
  • the second or downstream filter B works according to the same principle i.e. continuous filtration and continuous, uninterrupted washing of the filter media.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a filter system for performing the method according to the invention.
  • the system comprises a first 1 and a second 2 stage granular filter media filter of the moving bed type, corresponding to the filters disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,246,005 B1.
  • the second stage granular media filter 2 is operated with intermittent washing of the granular filter media.
  • Granular filter media is transported by an air lift pump 31 from the bottom part of the granular filter media bed to a media washer 5 .
  • the reject pipe 3 is provided with a valve 4 so that the flow of wash water through the media washer can be turned off when there is no washing and consequently no need for wash water. It is advantageous to arrange the control of this valve so that it opens a suitable time before the air lift pump is started and closes at a suitable time after the air lift pump is stopped.
  • the air lift pump is provided with a control, shown as a controlled valve 6 in a pipe for compressed air 7 for turning the air flow on and off i.e. starting and stopping the pumping action of the airlift pump 31 , and thus together with the valve 4 controlling the intermittent washing of the granular filter media.
  • the incoming water to the first stage granular media filter 1 contains a low amount of impurities then it may be advantageous to operate also the first stage granular media filter 1 with intermittent washing of the granular filter media.
  • the reject consisting of wash water and pollutants, discharged through reject pipe 8 from the first stage granular media filter and through reject pipe 9 from the second stage granular media filter resulting from the two stage filtration according to the invention may be taken care of according to any of the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,426,005 B1, or when the two stage filtration is part of a larger treatment system it may be returned to an upstream treatment step or alternatively the reject may be discharged directly e.g. into the sea or a lake in case its composition allows this.
  • the reject from the second stage granular media filter can also be returned to the influent to the first stage granular media filter, either directly upstream of the first stage granular media filter or upstream of or together with injection of chemicals.
  • the process and the operation of the two granular media filter stages is controlled from a control unit 10 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a large scale two stage granular media filter system arranged for a bigger plant or as part of a bigger plant with optional chemicals addition.
  • lake, river or sea water 11 is taken into a plant through an intake screen 12 , through a feed pipe 13 .
  • Chemicals can be introduced into the feed pipe 13 from a dosing apparatus 14 directly or upstream of a mixing device, such as static mixer 15 or a dynamic mixer, before the first granular media filter stage 16 .
  • a mixing device such as static mixer 15 or a dynamic mixer
  • flocculation and separation can be carried out in the first granular media filter stage 16 and the treated effluent from the first granular media filter stage 16 is further polished by filtration in a second granular media filter stage 17 , so that remaining particles and/or flocs can be separated in order to produce a very clean effluent leaving the second granular media filter stage 17 through the pipe 18 .
  • it is advantageous to add chemicals only to the first granular media filter stage 16 e.g. via the static mixer 15 , to both the first granular media filter stage 16 e.g. via the static mixer 15 and the second granular media filter stage 17 , e.g.
  • FIG. 3 shows a media washer 30 used according to the invention for washing granular filter media taken from the bottom part of the granular filter media bed and transported with an air lift pump 31 , the top of which is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • a reject pipe 32 transporting the reject from the media washer is also shown.
  • a valve 33 is arranged in the reject pipe 32 .
  • such pollution is prevented by allowing a fractional flow of water to pass up through the media washer and out through the reject pipe 32 and carrying with it any pollutants that may have escaped from the air lift pump.
  • This can be achieved with a bypass conduit 34 arranged around the valve 33 .
  • This by-pass is also provided with a shut-off valve 35 .
  • the valve 33 may be constituted by a valve means which does not close completely or which, when washing is not performed, may be controlled to let a fractional flow of water pass through the valve.
  • FIG. 4 a shows a schematic top view
  • FIG. 4 b shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line IVb-IVb in FIG. 4 a
  • FIG. 4 c shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line IVc-IVc in FIG. 4 b
  • a plant comprising first stage granular media filters of moving bed type and second stage granular media filters of moving bed type arranged in cells each containing four granular media filter modules.
  • the layout shown in FIG. 4 a has been chosen only for the ease of understanding, and it is obvious that any number of cells can be used containing any number of granular media filter modules.
  • a first influent which could be sea water, lake water, river water, ground water or water from a preceding process, enters the plant through a feed pipe 42 into a trough 43 communicating with each of the filter modules through first feed pipes 44 a, b, c.
  • a first effluent from the filter cells 40 a, b, c enters a second trough 45 , which is connected to the second stage filter cells 46 a, b, c through second feed pipes 47 a, b, c, for supplying this first effluent from the first stage filter cells as a second influent to the second stage filter cells containing four second stage granular media filter modules 48 a, b, c, d .
  • a second effluent from these second stage filter cells enters into a third trough 49 and leaves the plant through the outgoing pipe 50 .
  • the second feed pipes 47 a, b, c are provided with valves 51 a, b, c for an optional closing of the supply of second influent into the second stage filter modules, i.e. intermittent filtration in the second stage filter cells.
  • filtration may be turned off during washing and wash water used for washing the granular media can be replaced with suitably clean water. This can be done from an external source, such as through a pipe 52 .
  • the wash water can be replaced with effluent from another filter cell being in filtering mode. This could be accomplished using a tube 53 connecting the effluent volumes of the cells between two adjacent filter cells, or with the use of pump means 54 a, b .
  • the tube is preferably provided with controlled valve means 55 .
  • a tube 53 is shown only between the adjacent cells 46 b and 46 c and pump means 54 a, b only between the adjacent cells 46 a and 46 b.
  • the means chosen for the communication between cells is preferably mounted between all adjacent cells working in parallel.
  • reject pipes have been left out in FIG. 4 a .
  • FIGS. 4 b , c is schematically shown reject pipes 56 and 57 from the first stage granular media filter modules and second stage granular media filter modules, respectively.
  • the reject pipe in each cell is connected to all filter modules in the cell, which is illustrated with pipes 57 a, 57 b in FIG. 4 c .
  • the reject pipes 56 , 57 are provided with valve means 58 , 59 , which are controlled from a control unit, which however is not illustrated in the Figs. for the sake of clarity.
  • the filtration may continue during the washing, or it can be stopped, that is, in that case both the filtration and the washing are performed intermittently.
  • the plant is laid out for continuous filtration and continuous washing in the first stage granular media filters.
  • the same methods and type of means would be used as in the corresponding case for the second stage granular media filters, using controlled valve means 60 in a reject pipe 61 , as schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • Replacement water can be supplied in the form of effluent from parallel filters being in filtration mode, from second stage filters or from an external source.
  • the present invention is not limited to the systems described above but is suitable to use in applications of all kinds where a high purity liquid is to be produced by filtration.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
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EP (1) EP2498891B1 (pl)
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AU (1) AU2009355271B2 (pl)
IL (1) IL219668A0 (pl)
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CN202822936U (zh) * 2012-05-23 2013-03-27 瑞典诺迪克有限公司 过滤设备及用于向过滤设备供应流体的装置
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US10807023B2 (en) 2020-10-20
US20140246388A1 (en) 2014-09-04
CN102596352A (zh) 2012-07-18
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