US20110313539A1 - Medical supplies and method of producing the same - Google Patents

Medical supplies and method of producing the same Download PDF

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US20110313539A1
US20110313539A1 US13/000,860 US200913000860A US2011313539A1 US 20110313539 A1 US20110313539 A1 US 20110313539A1 US 200913000860 A US200913000860 A US 200913000860A US 2011313539 A1 US2011313539 A1 US 2011313539A1
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treatment
iodine
base material
medical supplies
film
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Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
Matsufumi Takaya
Masatsugu Maejima
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PROSTEC CO Ltd
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PROSTEC CO Ltd
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Assigned to PROSTEC CO., LTD. reassignment PROSTEC CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TSUCHIYA, HIROYUKI, MAEJIMA, MASATSUGU, TAKAYA, MATSUFUMI
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
    • A61L27/06—Titanium or titanium alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/54—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/28—Bones
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/56—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
    • A61L2300/102—Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
    • A61L2300/102—Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
    • A61L2300/104—Silver, e.g. silver sulfadiazine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
    • A61L2300/106—Halogens or compounds thereof, e.g. iodine, chlorite
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
    • A61L2300/202—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials with halogen atoms, e.g. triclosan, povidone-iodine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
    • A61L2300/404—Biocides, antimicrobial agents, antiseptic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/80—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special chemical form
    • A61L2300/802—Additives, excipients, e.g. cyclodextrins, fatty acids, surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L2400/18—Modification of implant surfaces in order to improve biocompatibility, cell growth, fixation of biomolecules, e.g. plasma treatment

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to medical supplies and, particularly, to an improvement in the antimicrobial activity of medical supplies such as artificial bones and osteosynthetic and fixation devices which are implanted in living bodies prior to use.
  • those implants cause the problem that when the implants are grafted in living bodies, infections such as suppuration of diseased parts is caused with high incidence.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relation between the pore density of a film formed in anodic oxidation treatment and the frequency of pulse current load.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relation between the thickness of a film formed in anodic oxidation treatment and the frequency of pulse current load.
  • Iodine and iodine compounds have sterilizing activity and antimicrobial activity, and is also used as disinfectants and is said to have little toxicity to living bodies.
  • a Ti alloy (mass % basis, 6% Al-4% V-rest Ti; JIS type-60 alloy) was used as the base material to produce disc-like test piece (plate thickness: 1.5 mm). These test pieces were subjected to degreasing treatment and then to anodic oxidation treatment. In the anodic oxidation treatment, the test piece was electrolyzed at a constant voltage (150 V) for 5 minutes in an acid electrolytic solution (solution temperature: room temperature) of a mixture bath containing sulfuric acid (35 g/l)-phosphoric acid (25 g/l)-aqueous hydrogen peroxide (10 g/l).
  • the current load was made to have an initial current density of 8 A/dm 2
  • the current value was dropped along with passage of time because of the electrolysis at constant voltage. 50 to 10000 Hz pulsed current was used.
  • the test was also made by using direct current (DC) as the current load.
  • the anodically oxidized test piece was cleaned with water and then subjected to iodine-impregnation treatment in which the test piece was dipped in an aqueous iodine compound solution prepared by dissolving 0.5 mass % of a polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine (PVPI) which was an iodine compound in pure water.
  • PVPI polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine
  • the test piece was arranged on the anode side and a pure Ti plate was arranged on the cathode side, and the test piece was electrolyzed at a constant voltage of 120 V for 5 minutes to cause electrophoresis, thereby impregnating an oxide film of the surface of the test piece with the iodine compound.
  • the initial current density was set to about 0.2 A/dm 2 . A part of the test pieces were not subjected to the impregnation with iodine compound.
  • the anodically oxidized test pieces were subjected to a scanning electron microscope (magnification: 2500 times) to be used to observe the surface structure of the oxide film formed on the surface of the test piece.
  • Each test piece was observed from five or more visual fields to measure the number of pores formed in the oxide film in each visual field.
  • an arithmetic average of the obtained values was calculated to determine the number of pores of the oxide film formed on the surface of each test piece.
  • the section of each test piece was also observed by a scanning electron microscope (magnification: 2500 times) to measure the thickness of the formed oxide film.
  • an antimicrobial activity test was made by the film covering method according to the provisions of JIS Z 2801. Escherichia coli (JCM 1649 strains) was used as the pathogenic organ and the cells number left after a prescribed time (24 h) passed was measured to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the test piece. The test was repeated two times each. When the cell numbers left after a prescribed time passed is smaller, the test piece is evaluated to be superior in antimicrobial activity.
  • the antimicrobial activity value is 0 and no improvement in antimicrobial activity is observed.
  • the antimicrobial activity is improved more significantly in the case of performing anodic oxidation treatment by adding pulsed current at a frequency of 50 Hz or more than in the case of performing anodic oxidation treatment by adding direct current. It is clarified that the antimicrobial activity is significantly improved when anodic oxidation treatment is performed by applying pulsed current at a frequency of, particularly, 800 Hz or more and more preferably 1000 to 5000 Hz. This is clarified from the relation between the density of the formed micro pores and the frequency of the pulsed current load in the anodic oxidation treatment as illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • micro unevennesses means the surface state on which unevennesses having a depth of several micrometers ( ⁇ m) to several hundreds of micrometers (surface roughness Ra: about several micrometers ( ⁇ m) to several hundreds of micrometers ( ⁇ m))exist as these pores are deformed or integrated.
  • Examples of the iodine compound with which the supplies are impregnated may include:
  • hetero-compound polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine, aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives such as ⁇ -cyclodextrin iodine or inorganic compounds such as silver iodide are preferable as the iodine compound with which the supplies are impregnated, from the viewpoint of safety to the human body, environmental integrity and biocompatibility.
  • Ti or Co is preferably used if it is a pure metal or a Ti alloy, Co alloy, stainless steel or Co-Cr alloy is preferably used if it is an alloy. It is more preferable to use Ti and Ti alloy, stainless steel or Co-Cr alloy taking it into account to transplant the supplies to living bodies.
  • Ti is preferably pure Ti prescribed as JIS type-1 or JIS type-2 or a Ti alloy prescribed as JIS type-60 (6% Al-4% V-Ti alloy), JIS type-61 (3% Al-2% V-Ti alloy), 15-3-3 alloy, JIS type-11 or JIS type-12 are each applicable.
  • austenite stainless steels such as SUS 302, SUS 304, SUS 316, SUS 316L, SUS 317J4L, SUS 329J1 and SUS 329J3L are preferable from the viewpoint of non-magnetism.
  • Co-Cr alloy a stellite 20 alloy having a composition of 63.0% Cr-6.0% Mo-2.0% Ni-0.25% C-rest Cr is preferable from the viewpoint of strength and corrosion resistance.
  • a base material made of any one of the metallic materials is preferably formed into a predetermined shape and then subjected to degreasing treatment. Then, the base material is subjected to any one of electrochemical treatment, chemical treatment, thermal and/or mechanical treatment or a combination of two or more of these treatments to form a film on the surface of the base material. It is preferable to adopt anodic oxidation treatment as the electrochemical treatment, medicine treatment as the chemical treatment, heating treatment as the thermal treatment, thermal processing treatment as the thermal and mechanical treatment and mechanical processing treatment as the mechanical treatment.
  • the method will be described concerning the case of performing anodic oxidation treatment to form a film on the surface of the base material as an example. It is needless to say that the method is not limited to the anodic oxidation treatment.
  • the acid electrolytic bath may include a sulfuric acid-water mixture bath (for example, content of sulfuric acid: 5 to 30 mass % and preferably 10 to 25 mass %), sulfuric acid-phosphoric acid-water mixture bath (for example, sulfuric acid 35 g/l and phosphoric acid 25 g/l), sulfuric acid-phosphoric acid-aqueous hydrogen peroxide-water mixture bath (for example, sulfuric acid 35 g/l, phosphoric acid 25 g/l, and aqueous hydrogen peroxide 10 g/l), sulfuric acid-phosphoric acid-ascorbic acid-water mixture bath (for example, sulfuric acid 35 g/l, phosphoric acid 25 g/1 and ascorbic acid 10 g/l) and hydrochloric acid-aqueous hydrogen peroxide-formalin-water mixture bath (for example, hydrochloric acid 40 mass %, aqueous hydrogen peroxide 2 mass % and formalin 10 mass %).
  • sulfuric acid-phosphoric acid-water mixture bath for example,
  • the acid electrolytic bath when the base material is Ti or a Ti alloy or stainless steel, and the alkali electrolytic bath when the base material is a Co-Cr alloy.
  • the current applied in the anodic oxidation treatment is preferably 50 to 10000 Hz pulsed current.
  • the frequency is more preferably 1000 to 5000 Hz from the viewpoint of the number of micro-pores to be formed.
  • Medicine treatment as the chemical treatment, heating treatment as the thermal treatment, heating processing treatment as the thermal and mechanical treatment, or mechanical processing treatment as the mechanical treatment or a combination of two or more of these treatments may be adopted in place of the anodic oxidation treatment as the electrochemical treatment.
  • Examples of the medicine treatment may include a method in which a high-temperature alkali-type bath or an acid bath is used and the base material is dipped in this bath to form chemically treated film having micro pores and/or micro unevennesses on the surface of the base material.
  • a method in which as the high-temperature alkali-type bath for example, a 140° C. sodium hydroxide-potassium nitrate-water mixture bath (for example, 60 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, 40 parts by weight of potassium nitrate and 500 parts by weight of water) is used and the base material is dipped in this bath for 10 minutes and a method in which as the acid bath, for example, a 30° C.
  • oxalic acid-hydrogen peroxide-water mixture bath for example, 25 mass % of oxalic acid (100 g/l) and 3.5 mass % of hydrogen peroxide (30%)
  • This treatment is preferably applied in the case of using stainless steel such as SUS 304 as the base material.
  • examples of the heating treatment may include a method in which the base material is heated (heating temperature: 600 to 800° C. and preferably 700° C. x 1 hr) in the atmosphere to form a film (oxide film) on the surface of the base material.
  • examples of the thermal processing treatment may include methods in which the surface of the base material is irradiated with an electron beam or laser beam.
  • examples of the mechanical processing treatment may include methods using a shot blasting. In these treatments, it is essential to make an examination in advance before determining the treatment conditions so that a film having micro unevennesses or micro pores having a desired surface structure. In this case, these treatments are preferably applied when stainless steel or a Co-Cr alloy is used as the base material.
  • Treatment such as anodic oxidation treatment is performed to form a film having micro pores or micro unevennesses on the surface of the base material and then, iodine-impregnation treatment is carried out to impregnate the film with iodine or iodine compounds.
  • the iodine-impregnation treatment can be carried out as follows: the base material which has been subjected to, for example, anodic oxidation treatment is cleaned with water, then dipped in an aqueous iodine or iodine compound solution and direct current is applied by using the base material as the anode to carry out electrolysis at a constant voltage or constant current density.
  • the aqueous solution used for the electrolysis is preferably an aqueous solution containing 0.1 to 1.0 mass % of iodine or iodine compounds.
  • the amount of iodine or iodine compounds is less than 0.1 mass %, the content of iodine with which the film is impregnated is so small that desired antimicrobial activity cannot be developed. Even if iodine or iodine compound is added in an amount exceeding 1.0 mass % on the other hand, the effect is saturated and this is economically disadvantageous.
  • the amount of iodine or iodine compound is more preferably 0.3 to 0.5 mass %.
  • the iodine compound to be added in the aqueous solution the iodine compounds are all preferable.
  • the iodine compounds are all preferable.
  • these compounds polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine (PVPI), ⁇ -cyclodextrin iodine (BCDI) and silver iodide are preferable from the viewpoint of biocompatibility.
  • the constant voltage anodizing is preferably carried out at a constant voltage ranging from 100 to 200 V for 1 to 10 minutes.
  • the constant current density anodizing is preferably carried out at a constant current density ranging from 0.05 to 10 A/dm 2 for 1 to 10 minutes.
  • a Ti alloy (mass % basis, 6% Al-4% V-rest Ti; JIS type-60 alloy) and stainless steel (SUS 304) were used as base materials to manufacture discs (plate thickness: 2.0 mm) as test pieces for in vitro test and external fixation pins for a rabbit as test pieces for in vivo test.
  • the Ti alloy test pieces were subjected to degreasing treatment and then to anodic oxidation treatment.
  • the test piece was electrolyzed at a constant voltage (150 V) for 5 minutes in an acid electrolytic solution (solution temperature: ambient temperature) of a mixture bath containing sulfuric acid (35 g/l)-phosphoric acid (25 g/l)-aqueous hydrogen peroxide (10 g/l).
  • solution temperature ambient temperature
  • sulfuric acid 35 g/l
  • phosphoric acid 25 g/l-aqueous hydrogen peroxide
  • the anodically oxidized test pieces (Ti alloy test pieces) were subjected to a scanning electron microscope (magnification: 2500 times) to observe the surface structure of the oxide film formed on one surface of each test piece in five or more visual fields, thereby measuring the number of pores formed in the oxide film in each visual field. Then, an arithmetic average of the values obtained in the visual fields was calculated to determine the number of pores of the oxide film formed on the surface of each test piece. Further, the section of each test piece was observed by a scanning electron microscope (magnification: 2500 times) in five visual fields to measure an average thickness of the oxide film formed on the surface.
  • the anodically oxidized test pieces (Ti alloy test pieces) were cleaned with water for one minute.
  • the test piece was dipped in an aqueous iodine compound solution prepared by dissolving 0.5 mass % of polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine (PVPI) which was an iodine compound in pure water and the test piece was settled on the anode side and a pure Ti plate was settled on the cathode side to perform electrolysis at a constant voltage of 120 V, thereby carrying out iodine-impregnation treatment.
  • PVPI polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine
  • the initial current density was set to about 0.2 A/dm 2 to cause electrophoresis to impregnate the oxide film formed on the surface of the test piece with the iodine compound.
  • test pieces which were not anodically oxidized were degreased and cleaned with water for one minute prior to the test.
  • test pieces using a part of these treated obtained test pieces (discs), an antimicrobial activity test was made for in vivo test according to the provisions of JIS Z 2801.
  • As the pathogenic organ Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (MG 1455) were used. The test was repeated 15 times for each test piece. As the cells number left after a predetermined time passed is smaller, the test piece is evaluated to be superior in antimicrobial activity.
  • test piece semiconductor plate
  • cytotoxicity of the test piece was evaluated for in vitro test by the colony forming method using rat fibroblast cell line V79.
  • the test piece was dipped in a culture fluid contained in a Petri dish and the above V79 was inoculated on the test piece to confirm the formation of colonies for the evaluation.
  • the evaluation items are as follows: inflammation of the pin-pierced part, abscess around the pin, marrow, and inflammation around the tip of the pin.
  • Example (test piece No. A1), the formation of colonies is significantly suppressed, so that the number of Staphylococcus aureus which is about 2000 before the start of the antimicrobial test is reduced to an average of 0.07 after 24 hr and also, the number of Escherichia coli which is about 2000 before the start of the antimicrobial test is reduced to an average of 0 after 24 hr, showing that the Example is superior in antimicrobial activity.
  • the cells number observed after 24 hr is 181 (test piece No. A2) and 347 (test piece No. A3) in the case of Staphylococcus aureus and 1281 (test piece No. A2) and 1600 (test piece No. A3) in the case of Escherichia coli . These differences are statistically significant.
  • the Example reduces inflammation and infection. Further, this difference from the Comparative Examples is also statistically significant and this shows that our Example reduces infection induced by a pin and is superior in antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility. Further, our Example is similar to titanium in good osteoid and bone formation and it may be said that our Example has sufficient osteoconductivity.
  • Stainless steel (SUS 304) was used as a base material to manufacture disc-like test pieces (plate thickness: 2 mm) for an antimicrobial test. These test pieces were each washed with an acid and then subjected to anodic oxidation treatment or to medicine treatment. In the acid washing treatment, the test pieces were dipped in an aqueous mixture solution of nitric acid (5%)-hydrofluoric acid (3%) at a liquid temperature of 40° C. for 3 minutes.
  • test pieces were electrolyzed at a constant voltage (100 V) for 15 minutes by using the test piece as the anode and pure Ti plate as the cathode in an acid electrolytic solution (solution temperature: ambient temperature) of a mixture bath containing hydrochloric acid (47 mass %)-aqueous hydrogen peroxide (2 mass %)-formalin (10 mass %)-water.
  • solution temperature ambient temperature
  • hydrochloric acid 47 mass %)-aqueous hydrogen peroxide (2 mass %)-formalin (10 mass %)-water.
  • pulsed current having a frequency of 3000 Hz was used.
  • the initial current value was 3.5 A/dm 2 .
  • the test pieces were dipped in a 30° C. mixture bath of oxalic acid (25 mass %)-hydrogen peroxide (3.5 mass %)-distilled water which was a high-temperature acid bath for 30 minutes.
  • test pieces which were anodically oxidized or treated using a medicine were subjected to a scanning electron microscope (magnification: 2500 times) to observe the surface structure of the film (oxide film) formed on the surface of each test piece in five or more visual fields, thereby measuring the number of pores formed in the film in each visual field. Then, an arithmetic average of the values obtained in the visual fields was calculated to determine the number of pores of the film formed on the surface of each test piece. Further, the section of each test piece was observed by a scanning electron microscope (magnification: 2500 times) in five visual fields to measure an average thickness of the film formed on the surface.
  • test piece was cleaned with water.
  • test piece was dipped in an aqueous iodine compound solution prepared by dissolving 0.5 mass % of polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine (PVPI) which was an iodine compound in pure water and the test piece was settled on the anode side and a pure Ti plate was settled on the cathode side to perform electrolysis at a constant voltage of 120 V (direct current (DC)) for 5 minutes to cause electrophoresis, thereby carrying out iodine-impregnation treatment to impregnate the oxide film formed on the surface of the test piece with the iodine compound.
  • DC direct current
  • test pieces which were only anodically oxidized or treated using a medicine and test pieces subjected to iodine-impregnation treatment after anodically oxidized or treated using a medicine
  • an antimicrobial activity test was made by the film covering method according to the provisions of JIS Z 2801.
  • Escherichia coli JCM 1649 strain
  • cell numbers left after a predetermined time (24 h) passed was measured to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. As the cell numbers left after a predetermined time passed decreases, the test piece is evaluated to be superior in antimicrobial activity.
  • a Co-Cr alloy (mass % basis, 63.0% Co-6.0% Mo-2.0% Ni-0.25% C-rest Cr) was used as a base material to manufacture disc-like test pieces (plate thickness: 5.0 mm) for an antimicrobial test. These test pieces were each washed with an acid and then subjected to anodic oxidation treatment.
  • the test piece was electrolyzed at a constant voltage (150 V, direct current (DC)) for 15 minutes by using the test piece as the anode and pure Ti plate as the cathode in an alkali electrolytic solution (solution temperature: room temperature) of a mixture bath containing potassium hydroxide (165 g/l)-potassium fluoride (35 g/l)-sodium phosphate (35 g/l)-aluminum hydroxide (35 g/ 1 )-water.
  • pulsed current having a frequency of 5000 Hz was used.
  • the initial current value was 8 A/dm 2 .
  • test pieces were subjected to a scanning electron microscope (magnification: 2500 times) to observe the surface structure of the film (oxide film) formed on the surface of each test piece, thereby determining the number of pores formed on the surface of each test piece and the average thickness of the film in the same manner as in Example 2.
  • the test piece was dipped in an aqueous iodine compound solution prepared by dissolving 0.5 mass % of polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine (PVPI) which was an iodine compound in pure water and the test piece was settled on the anode side and a pure Ti plate was settled on the cathode side to perform electrolysis at a constant voltage of 150 V (direct current (DC)) for 5 minutes to cause electrophoresis, thereby carrying out iodine-impregnation treatment to impregnate the oxide film formed on the surface of the test piece with the iodine compound.
  • the initial current density was about 0.2 A/dm 2 .
  • an antimicrobial activity test was made by the film covering method according to the provisions of JIS Z 2801 to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of each test piece in the same manner as in Example 2.
  • the method of evaluation was the same as that of Example 2.
  • Stainless steel (SUS 304) was used as a base material to manufacture disc-test pieces for antimicrobial test (plate thickness: 2 mm) These test pieces were first subjected to shot blasting as mechanical processing treatment of mechanical treatment. The shot blasting was performed using four types of alumina shots one by one. In treatment in a first stage, a #60-mesh alumina shot was used to perform shot blasting under a pressure of 3.5 kg/cm 2 for about 2 minutes carefully from all directions so as not to leave non-blasted part.
  • the surface treated by shot blasting using #60 mesh shot was carefully shot-blasted using a #100-mesh alumina shot in the same pressure and time condition as in the first stage in such a manner as to be equally shot-blasted.
  • the surface treated by shot blasting using #100 mesh shot was carefully shot-blasted using a #150-mesh alumina shot in the same pressure and time condition as in the first and second stage in such a manner as to be equally shot-blasted.
  • the surface treated by shot blasting using #150-mesh shot was shot-blasted using a #200-mesh alumina shot in the same pressure and time condition as above.
  • the surface roughness in the shot-blasted state when measured according to the provisions of JIS B 0601-1994 was as follows: arithmetic average roughness Ra was 2 ⁇ m, maximum height of roughness profile Ry was 55 ⁇ m and ten-point height Rz of roughness profile was 3.5 ⁇ m.
  • the test piece having the surface properties mentioned above was further subjected to medicinal treatment which was chemical treatment.
  • the above test piece was treated by dipping the test piece in a mixture bath containing sulfuric acid (50 g)-oxalic acid (50 g)-water (400 g) at a liquid temperature of 60° C. for one hour.
  • the shot-blasted surface was chemically oxidized into a micronized etching surface having an oxide film on the surface thereof
  • the surface roughness at this time was as follows: arithmetic average roughness Ra was 2.5 ⁇ m, maximum height of roughness profile Ry was 65 ⁇ m and ten-point height Rz of roughness profile was 4.3 ⁇ m.
  • test pieces were subjected to a scanning electron microscope (magnification: 2500 times) to observe the surface structure of the film (oxide film) formed on the surface of each test piece, thereby observing the number of micro unevennesses of the film formed on the surface of each test piece in the same manner as in Example 2.
  • test piece was dipped in an aqueous iodine compound solution (liquid temperature: 25° C.) prepared by dissolving 0.5 mass % of ⁇ -Cyclodextrin iodine (BCDI) which was an iodine compound in pure water and the test piece was settled on the anode side and a pure Ti plate was settled on the cathode side to perform electrolysis at a constant voltage of 150 V (direct current (DC)) for 3 minutes to cause electrophoresis, thereby carrying out iodine-impregnation treatment to electro-deposit the iodine compound on the micro unevennesses of the oxide film formed on the surface of the test piece.
  • the initial current density was about 12 A/dm 2 and the current density was decreased gradually with passage of time.
  • an antimicrobial activity test was made by the film covering method according to the provisions of JIS Z 2801 to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of each test piece in the same manner as in Example 2.
  • the cell numbers at the start of the test were 56000/ml (5.6 ⁇ 10 4 /ml).
  • the method of evaluation was the same as that of Example 2.
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US10980914B2 (en) 2017-03-31 2021-04-20 Prostec Co., Ltd. Antibacterial biological implant
CN114129768A (zh) * 2021-11-08 2022-03-04 浙江大学 一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物及制备方法

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