US20110222523A1 - Method of multi-radio interworking in heterogeneous wireless communication networks - Google Patents
Method of multi-radio interworking in heterogeneous wireless communication networks Download PDFInfo
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- US20110222523A1 US20110222523A1 US13/065,038 US201113065038A US2011222523A1 US 20110222523 A1 US20110222523 A1 US 20110222523A1 US 201113065038 A US201113065038 A US 201113065038A US 2011222523 A1 US2011222523 A1 US 2011222523A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
- H04W36/22—Performing reselection for specific purposes for handling the traffic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
- H04W12/062—Pre-authentication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
- H04W48/10—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using broadcasted information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/16—Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0261—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level
- H04W52/0274—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level by switching on or off the equipment or parts thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
- H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the disclosed embodiments relate generally to wireless network communication, and, more particularly, to multi-radio interworking in heterogeneous wireless communication networks.
- 1 Gbps peak transmission rate is required by ITU-R for IMT-Advanced systems in the 4 th generation (“4G”) mobile communications systems.
- 1 Gbps peak transmission rate in wireless networks can provide users similar experience as in wireline networks, and it is sufficient to satisfy most applications on the Internet today and in the near future.
- Multi-radio integration needs to be achieved from two perspectives. From the network perspective, much research has already been done since 3G era on inter-networking for traffic routing and offloading in the backhaul (i.e., wireline) network. On the other hand, from the device perspective, certain research has just been initiated to investigate how different radio access networks can interwork with each other to prevent mutual interference. However, it has not been well studied on how different radio interfaces of the same device can interwork to improve transmission efficiency, and how radio access networks can help the device with shared components for different radio interfaces to work well together.
- a method of multi-radio interworking to provide integrated cellular and WLAN access for a multi-radio device in a wireless communication network is provided.
- a serving base station in a cellular network first obtains wireless local area network (WLAN) information of a WLAN and then forward the WLAN information to a serving device such that the serving device is capable to connect to both the cellular network and the WLAN.
- the WLAN information may comprise scanning information, WLAN QoS information, WLAN layer-3 information, or additional WLAN access point (AP) information.
- the WLAN information is forwarded by the serving base station to the serving device based on certain triggering events associated with the serving base station information, WLAN coverage information, or the serving device information.
- the triggering events may be associated with the serving base station cell coverage, WLAN coverage information including a WLAN AP location and the WLAN service coverage, and the serving device information including device location, device footprint, device measurement result over the serving base station, or device WLAN capability.
- the serving device Based on the received WLAN information, when entering WLAN coverage, the serving device activates access to the WLAN via its WLAN transceiver to offload traffic from the cellular access network to the WLAN access network. When leaving WLAN coverage, the serving device timely deactivates access to the WLAN via its WLAN transceiver to save power consumption. Therefore, by obtaining and forwarding the WLAN information, the serving base station in a cellular network is able to assist its serving device to offload traffic to a WLAN network to improve efficiency and utilization.
- FIG. 1 illustrates multiple radio access networks for a user terminal to access information source in accordance with one novel aspect.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example of multi-radio integration with integrated cellular plus WLAN access.
- FIG. 3 illustrates multi-radio coexistence as the first stage in technology migration roadmap.
- FIG. 4 illustrates multi-radio cooperation as the second stage in technology migration roadmap.
- FIG. 5 illustrates multi-radio cognition as the third stage in technology migration roadmap.
- FIG. 6 illustrates an example of multi-radio interworking of a user terminal in a cellular network having WLAN coverage.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a first step in WLAN offload operational procedure.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a second step in WLAN offload operational procedure.
- FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a complete WLAN offload procedure in accordance with one novel aspect.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an overview of network architecture for WLAN offload.
- FIG. 11 illustrates one embodiment of using paging procedure to initiate a WLAN offload procedure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates multiple radio access networks for a user terminal 11 to access information source 10 in accordance with one novel aspect.
- a radio access network is part of a mobile telecommunication system implementing a radio access technology. In most geographic areas, multiple radio access networks are usually available for user terminal 11 to access information source 10 (e.g., the Internet) and obtain mobile data service. Examples of different radio access network types are GSM radio access network, UTRA or E-UTRA cellular access network, WiMAX system, and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). If the multiple RANs support the same air interface, then the entire access network is a homogeneous network. On the other hand, if the multiple RANs support different air interfaces (e.g.
- user terminal 11 is a multi-radio terminal (MRT) and is able to explore more bandwidth available from different radio access networks, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, for improved per terminal performance and/or optimized radio resource utilization.
- MRT multi-radio terminal
- a user terminal or mobile phone is varyingly known as user equipment (UE), terminal equipment, and mobile station (MS) etc.
- user terminal 11 is referred to as UE 11 , and is equipped with both a cellular radio module and a WiFi radio module.
- UE 11 may access the Internet via an E-UTRAN path (denoted by a dashed line with single dot) using its cellular module.
- UE 11 may access the Internet via a WLAN path (denoted by a dashed line with double dots) using its WiFi module.
- the cellular radio module and the WiFi radio module of UE 11 cooperates with each other to provide integrated cellular and WiFi access over both E-UTRAN 12 and WLAN 13 to improve transmission efficiency and bandwidth utilization.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example of multi-radio integration with integrated cellular (e.g., E-UTRAN) and WiFi (e.g., WLAN) access.
- E-UTRAN is the cellular air interface of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for mobile networks. It is the abbreviation for Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, also known as the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) in early drafts of the 3GPP LTE specification.
- E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
- WiFi is a term that describes a range of connectivity technologies including Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) based on the IEEE 802.11 standards, device-to-device connectivity, and a range of technologies that support PAN, LAN, and even WAN connectivity.
- WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
- user equipments UE 21 , UE 22 , and UE 23 are located within the cell coverage of a base station eNB 24 in a cellular E-UTRAN radio access network.
- UE 22 , and UE 23 are also located within the coverage of a WiFi access point WiFi AP 25 in a WLAN access network.
- user equipments UE 21 - 23 are served by serving base station eNB 24 via an established LTE channel for data communication (denoted by slashed shade).
- User equipments UE 21 - 23 do not establish any WLAN channel with WiFi AP 25 for data communication (denoted by white shade).
- WiFi AP 25 for data communication
- user equipments UE 21 - 23 are not even aware of the existence of WiFi AP 25 and the availability of any WLAN access. It can be seen that, without multi-radio interworking, network bandwidth of the WLAN access network is not utilized by the user equipments UE 21 - 23 at all.
- user equipments UE 21 - 23 are served by serving base station eNB 24 via an established LTE channel for data communication (denoted by slashed shade).
- user equipments UE 22 - 23 also establish a WLAN channel with WiFi AP 25 to offload data traffic from the LTE channel to the WiFi channel (denoted by slashed shade).
- the serving base station eNB 24 in the cellular network may inform UE 22 - 23 the availability of WLAN access through WiFi AP 25 using multi-radio integration technology. It can be seen that, with multi-radio interworking, network bandwidth of both the E-UTRAN and the WLAN access network are efficiently utilized by the user equipments UE 21 - 23 to improve transmission efficiency.
- the network operator of the cellular network may have established certain business service agreement with the network operator of the WLAN network to facilitate the above-described multi-radio integration and interworking.
- the network operator of the cellular network may be the same entity as the network operator of the WLAN network.
- the network operator charges a flat fee on its users for aggregated mobile data service.
- the network operator charges its fee based on transmitted data volume. In both scenarios, via the above-described multi-radio interworking, the network operator is able to provide better service to the users while charging comparable fees.
- Multi-radio integration does not happen overnight. Instead, it requires long-term planning with a well-defined technology migration roadmap.
- the first stage in the technology migration roadmap is defined as multi-radio coexistence stage, during which multiple radio interfaces co-exist in the same terminal and are able to mitigate interference such that different radio access networks can work well independently.
- the second stage in the technology migration roadmap is defined as multi-radio cooperation stage, during which multiple radio interfaces are able to interwork with each other in the same terminal such that radio resources over different networks are leveraged for better per terminal performance.
- the third and final stage in the technology migration roadmap is defined as multi-radio cognition stage, during which multiple radio interfaces are able to interwork with each other for resource optimization such that the same radio resource can be flexibly shared by different radio interfaces.
- FIG. 3 illustrates multi-radio coexistence as the first stage in multi-radio integration technology migration roadmap.
- multiple radio modules co-exist in a multi-radio terminal (MRT) for simultaneous and independent data communication over different systems (e.g., system # 1 over RF carrier # 1 and system # 2 over RF carrier # 2 as illustrated in FIG. 3 ).
- MRT multi-radio terminal
- the objective of this stage is to mitigate the coexistence interference from the radio modules co-located on the same device platform.
- FIG. 3 illustrates multi-radio coexistence as the first stage in multi-radio integration technology migration roadmap.
- MRT 31 comprises a first radio transceiver including a first RF module (RF# 1 ), a first baseband module (BB# 1 ), and a first antenna (ANT# 1 ), and a second radio transceiver including a second RF module (RF# 2 ), a second baseband module (BB# 2 ), and a second antenna (ANT# 2 ).
- RF# 1 is a Bluetooth (BT) module
- RF# 2 is a cellular module.
- a BT device e.g., RF# 1
- a co-located cellular radio module e.g., RF# 2
- the BT device selectively skips one or more TX or RX time slots to avoid data transmission or reception in certain time slots and thereby reducing interference with the co-located cellular radio module.
- FIG. 4 illustrates multi-radio cooperation as the second stage in multi-radio integration technology migration roadmap.
- multiple radio modules interwork with each other in a multi-radio terminal (MRT) for efficient data communication over different systems (e.g., system # 1 over RF carrier # 1 and system # 2 over RF carrier # 2 as illustrated in FIG. 4 ).
- MRT multi-radio terminal
- the objective of this stage is efficient inter-networking to help the MRT to maintain connections in multiple systems with reduced hardware complexity.
- MRT 41 maintains logical connection with system # 1 (denoted by dashed shade) while being able to offload data traffic to system # 2 (denoted by dotted shade).
- MRT 41 may comprise a common radio frequency module (COMMON RF), two independent baseband modules (BB # 1 and BB # 2 ), and two separate antennas (ANT# 1 and ANT# 2 ).
- COMMON RF common radio frequency module
- BB # 1 and BB # 2 two independent baseband modules
- ANT# 1 and ANT# 2 two separate antennas
- FIG. 5 illustrates multi-radio cognition as the third stage in multi-radio integration technology migration roadmap.
- MRT multi-radio terminal
- the objective of this stage is to optimize radio (spectrum) resource utilization while minimizing hardware complexity. Ideally, unnecessary waste on radio resource over all considered spectrum portions is prevented.
- MRT 51 is connected to system # 1 and receives control signal in system # 1 over carrier # 1 (denoted by slashed shade). In addition, MRT 51 also receives data signal in system # 1 over carrier # 2 (denoted by dotted shade).
- MRT 51 is able to switch between different RF carriers together with its serving base station or WiFi access point in the same system. Moreover, a different user may simultaneously obtain data service over carrier # 1 in system # 1 (denoted by grey-fill shade).
- MRT 51 may comprise a common radio frequency module (COMMON RF), a common baseband module (COMMON BB), and two separate antennas (ANT# 1 and ANT# 2 ).
- COMMON RF common radio frequency module
- COMMON BB common baseband module
- ANT# 1 and ANT# 2 two separate antennas
- FIG. 6 illustrates an example of multi-radio interworking of a user terminal in a cellular network having WLAN coverage in accordance with one novel aspect.
- the example of FIG. 6 takes cellular network (e.g., LTE) as system # 1 and WiFi (e.g., WLAN) as system # 2 with respect to FIGS. 4 and 5 .
- the example of FIG. 6 also takes traffic offloading (e.g., forwarding) as one main embodiment of multi-radio interworking. More specifically, data traffic of the user terminal can be offloaded from a cellular access network to a WLAN access network to improve transmission efficiency.
- traffic offloading e.g., forwarding
- cellular radio access network E-UTRAN 61 comprises a serving base station eNB 62
- WLAN 63 comprises a WiFi access point AP 64
- User equipment UE 65 and AP 64 are both located within the cell coverage provided by eNB 62 .
- UE 65 is initially served by its serving base station eNB 62 via LTE cellular air interface at a first location A.
- UE 65 moves to a second location B later, it is then located inside the coverage provided by WiFi AP 64 for WLAN access. Subsequently, UE 65 moves to a third location C, where WLAN access is no longer available.
- UE 65 served by eNB 62 cannot connect or disconnect to WiFi AP 64 efficiently. Because of the limited WLAN coverage, UE 65 has no idea when to scan WiFi AP 64 .
- the current method is that WiFi service provider may advertise its WiFi availability in some specific areas such as McDonald, café, restaurant, etc.
- the user of UE 65 then manually activates the WLAN module to scan and access the WLAN network. The user, however, may not notice the WiFi advertisement and thus may not activate the WLAN module immediately after moving inside of the WLAN coverage. In addition, the user may forget to deactivate the WLAN module when moving outside of the WLAN coverage.
- the user of UE 65 moves to location B at time T 0 .
- the user manually activates the WLAN module of UE 65 to scan WiFi AP 64 and access WLAN 63 at time T 1 .
- UE 65 is connected to WLAN 63 at time T 2 after WLAN connection setup. Effective WLAN traffic offload then occurs from time T 2 to time T 3 .
- the user moves outside of the WLAN coverage.
- the user remembers to deactivate the WLAN module of UE 65 at time T 4 .
- the cellular network E-UTRAN 61 is not able to offload traffic to WLAN 63 for UE 65 when the user forgets to turn on the WLAN module of UE 65 from time T 0 to T 1 .
- UE 65 wastes power consumption when the user forgets to turn off the WLAN module of UE 65 from time T 3 to T 4 . From timeline 66 , it can be seen that although UE 65 is located within WLAN coverage from time T 0 to T 3 , the actual WLAN traffic offload time period (from time T 2 to T 3 ) is very short, at the cost of activating the WLAN module for a relative long time period (from time T 1 to T 4 ).
- UE 65 has certain information on WLAN 63 including the WLAN access and coverage information and thus can connect or disconnect to WiFi AP 64 efficiently.
- WLAN access will be activated via its WLAN module and WLAN connection setup will be started automatically after entering the WLAN coverage area.
- the UE will have established connection to both the cellular network and the WLAN.
- the serving base station in the cellular network may assist the UE during connection setup to reduce the setup time.
- WLAN access will be timely deactivated via its WLAN module to save power consumption.
- the user moves to location B at time T 0 .
- the WLAN module of UE 65 is activated to scan WiFi AP 64 and access WLAN 63 .
- UE 65 is connected to WLAN 63 and data traffic of UE 65 is offloaded from E-UTRAN 61 to WLAN 63 .
- T 3 the user moves outside of the WLAN coverage area.
- the serving eNB of the UE will first obtain the WLAN information (e.g., a first step illustrated below in FIG. 7 ), and then forward the WLAN information to the UE under some triggering events to facilitate the WLAN offload operational procedure (e.g., a second step illustrated below in FIG. 8 ).
- FIG. 7 illustrates a first step in WLAN offload operational procedure in a cellular network 70 .
- Cellular network 70 comprises a plurality of base stations (eNBs) including eNB 71 , eNB 72 , and eNB 73 , and a plurality of serving devices (UEs) including UE 74 , UE 75 , and UE 76 .
- eNBs base stations
- UEs serving devices
- the cell coverage of some of the eNBs overlaps with the coverage of a plurality of WLANs, and each WLAN comprises a WiFi access point (AP) including AP 77 , AP 78 , and AP 79 to provide WLAN access.
- AP WiFi access point
- serving base station eNB 71 serves serving device UE 74 , which is located inside the WLAN coverage provided by WiFi AP 77 .
- serving base stations eNB 72 -eNB 73 serve serving devices UE 75 -UE 76 , which are located inside the coverage provided by WiFi AP 78 -AP 79 , respectively.
- these UEs can transmit the WLAN information to its serving eNB (e.g., as denoted by solid arrows in FIG. 7 ).
- UE 74 obtains WiFi AP 77 information via scanning and then transmits the information to eNB 71 .
- UE 75 -UE 76 obtains WiFi AP 78 -AP 79 information via scanning and then transmits the information to eNB 72 -eNB 73 .
- the serving base stations then understand which WiFi AP has coverage overlapped with which cell coverage in the cellular network.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a second step in WLAN offload operational procedure in cellular network 70 .
- the serving base stations in the cellular network forward the obtained WLAN information to their serving devices based on certain triggering events.
- UE 81 moves toward eEB 71 and handovers from eNB 84 to eNB 71 .
- eNB 71 forwards the obtained WLAN information (e.g., WiFi AP 77 information) to UE 81 .
- UE 81 when UE 81 moves toward a location with WLAN coverage, UE 81 automatically activates WLAN access via its WLAN module to search and connect with WiFi AP 77 based on the WLAN information offered by eNB 71 . Similarly, when UE 81 moves away from the location with WLAN coverage, UE 81 automatically deactivates WLAN access via its WLAN module to save power.
- the triggering events may be associated with the serving base station information such as the serving eNB location and coverage information (e.g., when a UE handovers to the serving eNB), WLAN coverage information such as its WiFi AP location (e.g., identified by GNSS or network positioning) and coverage (e.g., identified WiFi AP within eNB cell coverage), and the serving device information such as device location (e.g., identified by GNSS or network positioning), device footprint (e.g., a list of cell ID identified by the serving UE connected with that WiFi AP with or without the associated measurement results), device measurement results (e.g., by RSRP, RSRQ, or CQI of the serving or neighboring eNB), and device WiFi capability previously reported to the serving eNB.
- the serving base station information such as the serving eNB location and coverage information (e.g., when a UE handovers to the serving eNB), WLAN coverage information such as its WiFi AP location (e.g., identified by GNSS or network
- FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a complete WLAN offload procedure in a cellular network in accordance with one novel aspect.
- the cellular network comprises a serving base station eNB 91 , user equipments UE 92 and UE 93 , and a WiFi access point AP 94 that provides overlapping WLAN coverage with the cell coverage of eNB 91 .
- Both UE 92 and UE 93 are equipped with a WLAN module and a cellular module.
- UE 92 and UE 93 may be equipped with a common RF module that can be shared for WLAN and LTE access.
- UE 93 is located within WLAN coverage provided by WiFi AP 94 .
- the UE 93 performs scanning and thereby obtains scanning result over the WLAN frequency channels used by WiFi AP 94 (step 101 ).
- the scanning result may comprise the service set identifier (SSID) of WiFi AP 94 , the frequency channel used by WiFi AP 94 , the received signal strength, the WLAN signal and/or protocol version (e.g., IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n), the WLAN mode (e.g., infrastructure mode, ad-hoc mode, or portable router), and the IP address of WiFi AP 94 .
- SSID service set identifier
- the scanning result may further comprise WLAN connection quality (QoS) information such as the service latency and the achievable throughput of WiFi AP 94 , the location when WiFi AP 94 was scanned or connected by UE 93 , the footprint when WiFi AP 94 was scanned or connected by UE 93 , and the measurement results by UE 93 over the cellular network when UE 93 scanned or is connected to WiFi AP 94 .
- QoS WLAN connection quality
- UE 93 transmits the scanning result to its serving eNB 91 (step 102 ).
- eNB 91 obtains WLAN information based on the scanning result.
- the obtained WLAN information generally is very helpful for other UEs (e.g., UE 92 ) to determine whether it should activate its WLAN module and where to scan for WiFi APs.
- eNB 91 may obtain the WLAN information or additional WLAN information through other mechanism, such as from the server in backhaul network or from the WiFi AP itself.
- the WLAN information may further comprise WLAN layer-3 information (e.g., WLAN gateway IP address, DNS IP address, DHCP server IP address), device IP address to be used in WLAN, and I-WLAN information (e.g., wireless access gateway (WAG) address, available public land mobile network (PLMN) attached to this WLAN).
- WLAN information may comprise additional information to help the device to determine which WiFi AP it can access, prefers to access, or is disallowed to access.
- the WLAN information may comprise authentication information and requirement by the WiFi AP, the charging policy of the WiFi AP, the access priority of the WiFi AP (e.g., high priority to cellular operator's own WiFi AP), the required registration information by the WiFi AP, the loading of the WiFi AP, the remaining capacity of the WiFi AP, the achievable throughput of the WiFi AP, and the service latency of the WiFi AP.
- the access priority of the WiFi AP e.g., high priority to cellular operator's own WiFi AP
- eNB 91 may indicate to the UE the prioritized WiFi AP to be accessed based on the cellular operator's policy.
- the WiFi AP deployed by serving operator itself e.g. CMCC
- the WiFi AP deployed by the other operator who has roaming agreement with the serving operator has higher priority.
- the cellular operator may not want UE to access other public WiFi AP in order to maximize its revenue from data access if the charging is based on transmitted data volume.
- the cellular operator may want UE to access public WiFi AP as much as possible if the charging is by flat rate.
- different WLAN access policy can be applied when the WiFi AP is connected with different backhaul (e.g., wireline broadband backhaul or wireless backhaul).
- backhaul e.g., wireline broadband backhaul or wireless backhaul.
- a cellular network operator may not want the UEs to use WiFi to connect with another portable WiFi router because the portable WiFi router consumes the same wireless resource from the cellular network and thus cannot efficiently offload any traffic from the cellular network.
- the handover event triggers eNB 91 to forward the obtained WLAN information to UE 92 (step 104 ).
- UE 92 activates WLAN access via its WLAN module when it moves inside WLAN coverage (step 105 ).
- UE 92 performs scanning over WLAN channels and starts to setup connection with WiFi AP 94 (step 106 ).
- the WLAN connection setup may takes a long time because of various security related procedures including authentication and registration. For example, some WiFi AP will require authentication process involving user entering ID and password.
- the serving eNB 91 may perform a series of actions including pre-authentication and pre-registration (step 107 ).
- eNB 91 may help to perform pre-authentication with WiFi AP 94 using UE 92 's identify previously registered in the cellular network, to acquire WLAN access key and pass to UE 92 for WiFi AP access, to pre-authenticate or pre-register UE 92 to the PLMN attached to the WLAN using UE 92 's identity (e.g., SIM), to inform PDG to redirect selected UE packet data traffic to the WLAN, and to forward security information for accessing WiFi AP 94 to UE 92 .
- UE 92 is connected to both the cellular network and the WLAN (step 108 ). Data traffic of UE 92 can be forwarded from the cellular network to the WLAN to improve performance and efficiency.
- UE 92 When UE 92 later on leaves outside of WLAN coverage, it deactivates WLAN access via its WLAN module based on certain triggering conditions (step 109 ).
- the triggering conditions may be based on a notification from the serving eNB 91 about the unavailability of any WiFi AP, the serving cell of UE 92 , the location of UE 92 , the footprint of UE 92 , the threshold of the measurement result over the serving eNB 91 , the threshold of the WLAN signal strength, and the threshold of achievable WLAN throughput.
- UE 92 may deactivate its WLAN module when UE 92 enters another cell where UE 92 receives no WiFi AP information from the eNB that serves the cell.
- UE 92 may also deactivate its WLAN module when scanning result shows that the received signal strength from the WiFi APs indicated by the serving eNB 91 are below certain threshold.
- a radio access network is only part of a wireless communication network implementing a radio access technology.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an overview of network architecture for WLAN offload in a wireless communication network 110 .
- Wireless communication network 110 comprises a radio access network RAN 111 and an evolved packet core network 112 .
- RAN 111 comprises an E-UTRAN 113 including a plurality of eNBs and a WLAN 114 including a WiFi AP and a wireless access gateway (WAG) 115 , and each RAN provides radio access for user equipment UE 121 via different air interfaces.
- WAG wireless access gateway
- Evolved packet core network 112 comprises a mobility management entity (MME) 116 , a serving gateway (S-GW) 117 , a packet data network gateway (PDN-GW) 118 , and an enhanced PDN gateway (ePDN) 119 .
- MME mobility management entity
- S-GW serving gateway
- PDN-GW packet data network gateway
- ePDN enhanced PDN gateway
- PLMN public land mobile network
- UE 121 From UE 121 perspective, it is equipped with both a cellular transceiver and a WiFi transceiver, and is able to access application networks or the Internet 120 via cellular access (e.g., the E-UTRAN path denoted by dashed line with single dot) or WLAN access (e.g., the WLAN path denoted by dashed line with double dots).
- cellular access e.g., the E-UTRAN path denoted by dashed line with single dot
- WLAN access e.g., the WLAN path denoted by dashed line with double dots
- FIG. 11 illustrates one embodiment of using paging procedure to initiate a WLAN offload procedure in wireless communication network 110 .
- a network server 122 uses paging procedure to initiate or update the WLAN offload procedure.
- network server 122 transmits a service initiation message to PDG 118 for sending a paging message to UE 121 .
- the paging message contains information of the target WLAN for UE 121 to access.
- PDG 118 transmits the paging message to MME 116 , which in turn forwards the paging message to UE 121 via E-UTRAN access network 113 .
- the paging message informs UE 121 that whenever UE 121 wants to establish connection for data service, UE 121 should establish such connection through WLAN access network 114 , instead of through E-UTRAN access network 113 .
- UE 121 starts WLAN offload setup with WAG 115 and then transmits a paging response through WLAN access network 114 to the network entity that issues the paging message (e.g., PDG 118 ).
- PDG 118 the network entity that issues the paging message
- step 4 after paging response, WLAN connection is established and packet data service flow is established through WLAN access network 114 .
- a paging message is one type of radio resource control (RRC) message that is used to transmit and forward WLAN information.
- RRC radio resource control
- the WLAN information may be carried by various types of messages including the RRC message in UTRA or E-UTRA systems, the media access control (MAC) control element (CE) in UTRA or EUTRA systems, and the MAC management message in WiMAX systems.
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WO2011110108A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
JP2013522986A (ja) | 2013-06-13 |
US10039042B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 |
CN102318237A (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
EP3220690A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
EP2545662A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
CN102318237B (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
TW201204162A (en) | 2012-01-16 |
US20180310216A1 (en) | 2018-10-25 |
TWI455637B (zh) | 2014-10-01 |
US10362521B2 (en) | 2019-07-23 |
US20160212672A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
EP2545662A4 (en) | 2016-04-06 |
EP3220690B1 (en) | 2020-06-10 |
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