US20110038809A1 - Growth control of oral and superficial microorganisms using gallium compounds - Google Patents

Growth control of oral and superficial microorganisms using gallium compounds Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20110038809A1
US20110038809A1 US11/589,915 US58991506A US2011038809A1 US 20110038809 A1 US20110038809 A1 US 20110038809A1 US 58991506 A US58991506 A US 58991506A US 2011038809 A1 US2011038809 A1 US 2011038809A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
gallium
compound
microorganisms
applying
concentration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/589,915
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel P. Perl
Sharon Moalem
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US11/589,915 priority Critical patent/US20110038809A1/en
Assigned to SIDEROMICS, LLC reassignment SIDEROMICS, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MOALEM, SHARON, DR., PERL, DANIEL P., DR.
Publication of US20110038809A1 publication Critical patent/US20110038809A1/en
Assigned to MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE reassignment MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MOALEM, SHARON, PERL, DANIEL P, SIDEROMICS, LLC
Priority to US14/208,748 priority patent/US20140193520A1/en
Priority to US14/985,474 priority patent/US10632148B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
    • A01N55/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur containing metal atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
    • A23B2/70—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals
    • A23B2/725—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23B2/788—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/28—Compounds containing heavy metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/555—Heterocyclic compounds containing heavy metals, e.g. hemin, hematin, melarsoprol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A61K8/24—Phosphorous; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A61K8/365—Hydroxycarboxylic acids; Ketocarboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/0063—Periodont
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L12/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L12/08—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L12/088—Heavy metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/44—Medicaments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/46—Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/18—Liquid substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/14—Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/02—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for disorders of the vagina
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
    • A61Q11/02—Preparations for deodorising, bleaching or disinfecting dentures
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/58—Metal complex; Coordination compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
    • A61L2300/102—Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
    • A61L2300/224—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials containing metals, e.g. porphyrins, vitamin B12
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
    • A61L2300/404—Biocides, antimicrobial agents, antiseptic agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods of controlling growth of microorganisms, in particular, oral and superficial bacteria and fungi that cause disorders or diseases in host organisms, by applying gallium compounds to an affected or intended area topically or superficially.
  • the invention further relates to formulations comprising gallium compounds for controlling growth of such microorganisms and objects or materials coated therewith or incorporating same.
  • the invention relates to animal feeds containing gallium compounds.
  • Gallium is a group IIIa semi-metallic element that has been used for many years for diagnosing neoplasms and inflammation in the field of nuclear medicine. Gallium has also shown some efficacy in the treatment of cancers (Adamson et al., 1975 , Cancer Chemothe. Rept 59:599-610; Foster et al., 1986 , Cancer Treat Rep 70:1311-1319; Chitambar et al., 1997 , Am J Clin Oncol 20:173-178), symptomatic cancer-related hypercalcemia (Warrell et al., 1989, in “Gallium in the treatment of hypercalcemia and bone metastasis”, Important Advances in Oncology , pp. 205-220, J.B.
  • Iron is an essential element for most living organisms, including many pathogens, and is required for DNA synthesis and various oxidation-reduction reactions (Byers et al., 1998 , Metal Ions Bio syst 35:37-66; Guerinot et al., 1994 , Annu Rev Microbiol 48:743-772; Howard, 1999 , Clin Micobiol Reviews 12(3):394-404).
  • Ga 3+ is known to have solution- and coordination-chemistries similar to those of Fe 3+ (Shannon, 1976 , Acta Crystallographica A 32:751-767; Huheey et al., 1993, In Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and ReactivityI , ed.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,203,822 and International Patent Application No. WO 03/053347 disclose methods for treating patients infected with intracellular bacteria, in particular, species of the genus Mycobacterium , by intravenously or orally administering gallium compounds to patients infected by this class of bacteria (also see Olakanmi et al., 2000 , Infection and Immunity 68(10):5619-5627). These organisms primarily infect macrophages, which are known to store large amounts of iron and overexpress transferrin receptors.
  • gallium compounds are easily taken up by the macrophages through transferrin receptors and then, within the cells, are taken up by the infecting organisms, thereby interfering with the organisms' metabolism.
  • the antimicrobial activities of gallium against microorganisms other than intracellular organisms have thus far not been explored to a great extent.
  • This invention is based upon the inventors' use of gallium compounds to control the growth of pathogenic microorganisms at specific sites, such as oral cavities, nasal cavities, eyes, skins and vagina, in host organisms of such pathogens as well as on the surfaces of various objects that need to be kept free of such pathogens. Such a control is accomplished through the application of gallium compounds to an affected or intended area topically, or superficially.
  • the present invention provides methods for controlling the growth of iron-dependent pathogenic microorganisms, comprising applying gallium compounds to an affected or intended area topically, or superficially.
  • the present invention provides methods for controlling growth of iron-dependent pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, at specific sites in host organisms, preferably mammals, and most preferably humans, inflicted with such pathogens, by topically or locally applying gallium compounds to said sites.
  • microorganisms include, but are not limited to, bacteria within the genera Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Yersinia, Salmonella, Chlamydia, Coxilla, Ehrlichia, Francisella, Legionella, Pasteurella, Brucella, Proteus, Hilicobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Tropheryma, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Erysipelothrix, Listeria, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas , and the like; and fungi, such as Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Sporothrix schenckii, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Malassezia furfur, Pityriasis versicolor, Exophiala wasneckii
  • the microorganisms targeted by the present invention include, but are not limited to, those commonly found in the oral cavity, especially those bacteria which cause dental caries, plaques, periodontal diseases, halitosis, gingivitis and other oral diseases and disorders.
  • examples of such microorganisms include, but not by way of limitation, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus gordonii, Atopobium parvulum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Eubacterium sulci , and so forth.
  • the microorganisms targeted by the present invention are pathogenic organisms causing infections in nasal and vaginal cavities, as well as on the skin surfaces and include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae , ⁇ -hemolytic streptococci, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Candida albicans, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Sporothrix schenckii, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Pityriasis versicolor, Exophiala wasneckii, Trichosporon beigelii, Malassezia furfur, Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and the like.
  • one aspect of the present invention provides methods for treating or preventing diseases or disorders caused by oral bacteria or fungi in a subject, comprising applying gallium compounds to the oral cavity.
  • the disease or disorder includes dental caries, gingivitis, halitosis, oral thrush and the like.
  • the present invention provides methods for treating or preventing a superficial infection in a subject, comprising topically applying gallium compounds to the affected area.
  • the superficial infection includes skin infections, vaginal yeast infections, ocular infections, and the like.
  • the present invention provides methods for controlling the growth of iron-dependent pathogenic microorganisms on the surfaces of objects, such as tooth brushes, dentures, dental retainers, contact lenses, bandages, dressings, medical devices, etc., by applying gallium compounds to the surfaces of the objects to disinfect them or to prevent them from contamination with pathogenic microorganisms.
  • the present invention provides methods for controlling the growth of iron-dependent pathogenic microorganisms in foods, including grains (e.g., corn, wheat, rice, barley, and the like), vegetables (e.g., lettuce, spinach, potatoes, and the like), animal products, (e.g., fish, eggs and meat, and the like), by directly applying gallium compounds to the same by soaking, washing and/or spraying.
  • the present invention provides methods for controlling the growth of iron-dependent pathogenic microorganisms by applying gallium compounds to host organisms in need thereof in combination with probiotic microorganisms.
  • probiotic microorganisms include, but are not limited to, non-pathogenic species of the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Bifidobacterium , and so forth, whose growths are not affected by the presence of gallium.
  • the present invention further provides formulations comprising gallium compounds for controlling the growth of iron-dependent pathogenic microorganisms.
  • the gallium compounds are formulated as toothpaste, a mouthwash, or a gargle for the application to the oral cavity.
  • the gallium compounds are formulated as ointments, lotions, creams, gels, solutions, eye drops, aerosols, and so forth, for topical or local applications.
  • the gallium compounds are formulated as a coating to the surfaces of an object to disinfect the same and/or to treat the infections in a wearer of the object (e.g., contact lenses to treat ocular infections).
  • the formulations of the present invention may contain probiotic microorganisms in addition to gallium compounds.
  • the present invention provides animal feeds comprising gallium compounds with or without probiotics.
  • topically refers to an application of the gallium compounds to a definite area of the body of a subject and is interchangeably used with the term “locally.”
  • topically may refer to an application of the gallium compounds directly to an external area of the body, such as skin and eye as well as oral cavity, nasal cavity and vagina.
  • topically may also refer to an application of the gallium compounds directly to a definite area inside the body which is exposed to an outer environment, for example, by injury or during surgery.
  • the term “superficially” as used herein refers to an application of the gallium compounds to the surfaces of an inanimate or animate object.
  • the term superficially may refer to an application of the gallium compounds to the surfaces of an inanimate or animate object by coating.
  • the term superficially may refer to an application of the gallium compounds to the surfaces of an inanimate or animate object by soaking the object in a solution of the gallium compounds or adhering/bonding the gallium compounds to the surface of the object.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount refers to that amount of the gallium compounds sufficient to treat, manage or ameliorate a disease or disorder caused by pathogenic organisms at affected sites.
  • a therapeutically effective amount may refer to the amount of the gallium compounds sufficient to reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms, to suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms (i.e., stasis), or to kill pathogenic microorganisms at the affected sites.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of the gallium compounds means that the amount of the gallium compounds alone, or in combination with other therapies, that provides a therapeutic benefit in the treatment, management, or amelioration of a disease or disorder.
  • the term “effective amount” as used herein in one aspect refers to that amount of the gallium compounds sufficient to control the growth of pathogenic microorganisms on the surfaces of inanimate objects.
  • the term may refer to that amount of the gallium compounds sufficient to reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms, to suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms (i.e., stasis), or to kill pathogenic microorganisms (i.e., disinfect) on the surfaces of objects.
  • the term may also refer to that amount of the gallium compounds sufficient to prevent pathogenic microorganisms from attaching themselves to or colonize onto the surfaces of the objects.
  • the term “effective amount’ as used herein in another aspect in relation to animal feeds refers to that amount of the gallium compounds sufficient to promote animal growth and prevent infections when fed to the animals.
  • probiotics refers to viable microorganisms which alter the microflora by implantation or colonization in or onto the host, thereby exerting beneficial health effects on the host.
  • the beneficial health effects of probiotics may be exerted particularly successfully in the environment which is hostile to pathogenic organisms but favorable for probiotics so that the growth of the probiotics outweigh that of the pathogenic organisms.
  • Some examples of probiotics are non-pathogenic species of genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Bifidobacterium , and so forth.
  • siderophores potent iron-chelating compounds
  • Microorganisms produce siderophores, which bind Fe 3+ in the environment and are transported into the cells via specific transport systems, where Fe 3+ is released as Fe 2+ and then stored.
  • Known siderophores include hydroxamates, such as rhodotorulic acid, coprogens, ferrichromes, and fusarinines; polycarboxylates; phenolates-catecholates and desferioxamine (Howard, 1999, supra).
  • Ga 3+ binds to transferrin (see, for example, Clausen et al., 1974 , Cancer Res 34:1931-1937; Vallabhajosula et al., 1980 , J Nucl Med 21:650-656) and is transported into the cell via transferrin-mediated endocytosis (Chitambar, 1987 , Cancer Res 47:3929-3934).
  • the present invention takes advantage of these characteristics of gallium compounds and provides methods and formulations for controlling the growth of pathogenic microorganisms to treat or prevent infections caused by such pathogens.
  • Gallium compounds suitable for use in the present invention include any gallium-containing compounds that are pharmaceutically acceptable and safe for mammalian use, in particular, for human use. Gallium compounds have been used diagnostically and therapeutically in humans and are known to be very safe for human use (see Foster et al., 1986, supra; Todd et al., 1991 , Drugs 42:261-273; Johnkoff et al., 1993 , Br J Cancer 67:693-700).
  • gallium compounds suitable for use in the present invention include, but not by way of limitation, gallium nitrate, gallium maltolate, gallium citrate, gallium phosphate, gallium chloride, gallium fluoride, gallium carbonate, gallium formate, gallium acetate, gallium sulfate, gallium tartrate, gallium oxalate, gallium oxide, and any other gallium compounds which can safely provide effective levels of element gallium in various applications.
  • the therapeutically effective amount (i.e., dosage) of a gallium compound can vary based on the nature and severity of the disease or disorder to be treated, the location of the affected area, the age and immunological background of a subject, the types of gallium compound to be used, as well as other factors apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a gallium compound can be that amount which gives gallium ion concentration, at the site of the application, of at least about 1 ⁇ M, at least about 50 ⁇ M, at least about 100 ⁇ M, at least about 500 ⁇ M, at least about 1 mM, at least about 10 mM, at least about 50 mM, at least about 100 mM, at least about 200 mM, up to about 500 mM. Due to gallium's low toxicity, the amount may be liberally increased to more than 500 mM but less than that amount which causes any toxicity. For reference, it has been reported that healthy adults can tolerate at least about 200 mg/m 2 /day gallium nitrate intravenous infusion for at least 7 days (see Schlesinger et al., supra).
  • the prophylactically effective amount of a gallium compound may be that amount sufficient to prevent a disease or disorder associated with pathogenic microorganisms and may vary based on the location of the affected area, the types and the number of the pathogenic organisms in the area, the types of gallium compound to be used, as well as on the methods of application and other factors apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the prophylactically effective amount of a gallium compound may be that amount which gives gallium ion concentration, at the site of the application, of at least about 0.1 ⁇ M, at least about 50 ⁇ M, at least about 100 ⁇ M, at least about 500 ⁇ M, at least about 1 mM, at least about 10 mM, at least about 50 mM, at least about 100 mM, up to about 200 mM.
  • the amount of a gallium compound for prophylactic purposes may be liberally increased to more than 200 mM but less than the amount that causes any toxicity.
  • the effective amount of a gallium compound sufficient to control the growth of pathogenic microorganisms on the surfaces of inanimate objects may vary depending on the types of the objects, frequencies of their use, frequencies of their exposure to pathogenic organisms and other factors evident to those skilled in the art.
  • the gallium compounds suitable for the present invention can be formulated in various forms depending on their applications. Accordingly, the present invention provides formulations comprising gallium compounds for controlling growth of iron-dependent pathogenic microorganisms.
  • the gallium compounds are formulated as toothpaste, a mouthwash, a gel or a gargle for the application to the oral cavity.
  • the gallium compounds are formulated as ointments, lotions, creams, gels, solutions, aerosols, suppositories and so forth, for topical or local applications. Any other formulations typically used for topical or local applications are applicable for the present invention.
  • the formulations of the present invention may further comprise probiotic microorganisms in addition to gallium compounds.
  • probiotics can take over the microflora while the gallium compounds reduce or inhibit the growth of the pathogenic organisms, or kill the pathogenic organisms.
  • the gallium compound formulations of the present invention may further contain other active or inactive ingredients.
  • such other ingredients include, but are not limited to, potassium nitrate (to reduce tooth sensitivity), fluorides, abrasives, such as hydrated silica, surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, and ammonium lauryl sulfate, sequestering agents (to remove calcium and magnesium from saliva), such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), polymers, such as acrylic PVM/MA copolymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polypropylene glycol (PPG), tooth whiteners, such as sodium carbonate peroxide, sweeteners, baking soda, as well as other anti-bacterial agents and fillers.
  • emollients to reduce tooth sensitivity
  • fluorides such as hydrated silica
  • surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate, and ammonium lauryl sulfate
  • sequestering agents to remove
  • Dental caries is a transmissible disease which is bacterially generated in combination with other pathological factors, such as reduced salivary function and frequency of use of fermentable carbohydrates (Featherstone, 2000, supra).
  • pathological factors such as reduced salivary function and frequency of use of fermentable carbohydrates (Featherstone, 2000, supra).
  • high levels of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli constitute the major etiological factors in caries formation.
  • an antibacterial approach has not been the focus of regular oral hygiene measures taken in the U.S. to prevent or halt the progression of dental caries.
  • An exception is a prescription of chlorhexidine gluconate rinse or gel for patients with high levels of bacteria; but it is difficult for clinicians to determine the levels of cariogenic bacteria in the mouth.
  • Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ) is also known to require iron uptake for its growth and survival and expresses several iron-responsive proteins (Spatafora et al., 2001 , Microbiology 147:1599-1610).
  • a fimA one of the iron-responsive proteins, null mutation was not lethal in S. mutans , indicating that other mechanisms for iron uptake and transport are operating in this pathogenic organism (Spatafora et al., 2001, supra). It has been reported that S.
  • mutans does not excrete a readily detectable phenolate or hydroxamate siderophores, but it has a membrane-reductase which reduces ferric ion to ferrous ion, which is subsequently transported into the cell by a membrane ferrous-translocating system (Evans et al., 1986 , J of Bacteriol 168(3):1096-1099).
  • a membrane ferrous-translocating system Evans et al., 1986 , J of Bacteriol 168(3):1096-1099.
  • the present invention provides a method for preventing dental caries, comprising applying a prophylactically effective amount of a gallium compound to a tooth surface and an oral cavity of a subject.
  • the gallium compound is formulated as a toothpaste comprising a gallium compound and is applied to the tooth surface and oral cavity by brushing.
  • the gallium compound is formulated as a mouthwash comprising a gallium compound and applied to the tooth surface by rinsing the oral cavity.
  • the gallium compound may be formulated as an ointment or a gel to be applied to a tooth surface.
  • Vaginal infections are among the most common medical concerns for women.
  • vaginal infections the most common is a yeast infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida albicans ( C. albicans ), which is a normal resident in the vagina in small numbers.
  • C. albicans Candida albicans
  • siderophore uptake by sit1 siderophore iron transport 1 gene product is required for C. albicans to invade and penetrate epithelial layers, indicating that iron uptake is directly linked to virulence factors of the organism (Heymann et al., 2002 , Infection and Immunity 70(9):5246-5255).
  • sit1 siderophore iron transport 1
  • the present invention provides a method for treating vaginal yeast infection comprising applying a gallium compound to the vagina of a subject.
  • the gallium compound may be formulated as creams, ointments, gels, douches, or suppositories.
  • the present invention further provides a method for treating other types of vaginal infections, including, but not by way of limitation, bacterial vaginosis caused by pathogenic bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides spp., Mobiluncus spp., and Mycoplasma hominis , and parasitic vaginosis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis , by applying the gallium compounds in various formulations to the vagina.
  • pathogenic bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides spp., Mobiluncus spp., and Mycoplasma hominis
  • parasitic vaginosis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis by applying the gallium compounds in various formulations to the vagina.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating vaginal infections, comprising applying a gallium compound in combination with a probiotic, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus leichmannii, Lactobacillus johnsonni, Lactobacillus and delbrueckii.
  • a probiotic such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus leichmannii, Lactobacillus johnsonni, Lactobacillus and delbrueckii.
  • Antimicrobial activities of the gallium compound can be also used for disinfecting or protecting the surfaces of inanimate or animate objects from microbial contaminations. Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for controlling a growth of microorganisms on a surface of an inanimate or animate object, comprising applying an effective amount of a gallium compound to a surface of the object.
  • the present invention provides a method for disinfecting the objects, such as a toothbrush, a denture, a dental retainer, and other dental devices, by applying an effective amount of a gallium compound to a surface of the object.
  • the gallium compounds may be applied to the surface of the object by dipping, brushing, spraying or coating.
  • the coating may be based on a certain polymer that allows slow diffusion of the gallium compound at such a rate that it prevents microorganisms from growing on the surface of the object.
  • polymer coatings include, but are not limited to, hydroxyapatite, polymethacrylates, tricalcium phosphate, polyanhydrides, hydrocarbon elastomers, methyl- and ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, phthalate, and so forth.
  • the gallium compounds can be incorporated into materials, for example, the polymers (e.g., thermoplastics, thermoset resins, and the like), metals, and the like, which form the object itself (e.g., bristles of a toothbrush, a catheter, medical equipment, injection needles, and the like).
  • the present invention provides a method for disinfecting contact lenses by applying an effective amount of a gallium compound to a surface of the lenses.
  • the lenses may be disinfected by dipping them in the gallium compound solution, or by coating their surfaces with or without a certain polymer containing the gallium compounds as described above.
  • the present invention provides a method for disinfecting skin surfaces of a subject, comprising applying the gallium compounds to the same, for example, as soap, shampoo, skin disinfectant (e.g., hand), and the like.
  • the gallium compounds are applied to the skin surfaces in the form of cream, lotion, solution, aerosol, or ointment.
  • the present invention provides a method for controlling the growth of microorganisms in drinks and foods, including grains, vegetables, animal products, such as fish, eggs, dairy products, meat, and the like, comprising applying the gallium compound directly to the same by washing, soaking and/or spraying.
  • a treatment of foods can effectively protect the consumers from food poisoning.
  • the present invention also provides medical implants, bandages, wound dressings which are surface-coated with the gallium compounds.
  • the present invention provides a method for controlling a microbial growth on various environmental surfaces in households, hospitals, schools, etc., by applying the gallium compounds to the same.
  • the gallium compounds can be used against any gallium-susceptible pathogenic microorganisms as discussed throughout the present specification (see Section 3 and Subsections 5.4 and 5.5, supra, and Subsections 5.7 and 5.8, infra), including the microorganisms that are known to have become resistant to first-line antibiotics.
  • Such microorganisms include Escherichia coli O157 (a causative organism for gastroenteritis, haemorrhagic colitis or urinary and genital tract infections), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (a causative organism for endocarditis, urinary tract infections, and wound infections), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; a causative organism for various skin infections, eye infection, wound infections, and so forth), Salmonella typhi (the causative organism for typhoid fever), and the like.
  • MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • Salmonella typhi the causative organism for typhoid fever
  • the applications of the gallium compounds to various surfaces are cost effective and significantly reduce microbial contaminations in the environment without increasing the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.
  • antibiotics in animal feeds to boost animal growth and prevent infections has caused in a major way the development of drug-resistant bacteria.
  • Such a use of antibiotics in poultry and beef industries has resulted in the emergence of antibiotics-resistant pathogens among species of genera Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, Brucella , and so forth.
  • some countries are in the process of banning the use of antibiotics in animal feeds.
  • the present invention provides an animal feed comprising an effective amount of a gallium compound.
  • the effective amount of a gallium compound in an animal feed sufficient to promote animal growth and prevent infections can be readily determined based on the therapeutic or prophylactic dosages of the gallium compounds described in the previous sections (see Subsection 5.2) and such a determination is within the ability of those skilled in the art.
  • the animal feed of the present invention may further comprise probiotics.
  • probiotics The health benefits of probiotics are discussed in Subsections 3.1 and 5.3. Typical probiotic compositions and methods for increasing the number of probiotic or resident microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of an animal are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,350.
  • Gallium compounds may be utilized in many different applications other than those described in the previous sections.
  • gallium compounds may be applied topically or directly to a body area, including an open wound and an internal organ or tissue exposed to an outer environment during surgery in addition to an external area, that needs to be protected from or is afflicted with various infections caused by pathogenic organisms.
  • infections include, but not by way of limitation, skin infections, such as cellulites, folliculitis, boils, carbuncles, erysipelas, impetigo, erythrasma, paronychia, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, candidiasis (e.g., oral thrush), ring worm, tinea versicolor, etc.
  • Typical yeasts or fungi that cause skin infections include Candida albicans , species of genus Microsporon , such as M. auduini and M. canis ; species of Trichophyton , such as T. metagrophyte and T.
  • MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • the applications of gallium compounds for human uses as well as veterinarian uses are very beneficial especially in view of their low toxicity and low risks for generating resistant microorganisms.
  • Other applications in the fields of food industries, agricultural industries, fishing industries and so forth are also possible.
  • MIC minimum inhibitory concentration
  • MBC minimum bactericidal concentration
  • gallium nitrate powder were dissolved in 10 ml of filter-sterilized deionized water and the resulting 20% (w/v) (i.e., 200 mg/ml) solution was once again filter-sterilized.
  • Two-fold serial dilutions were prepared in sterile deionized water down to 0.156% (i.e., 1.56 mg/ml) for the tests for the most organisms, except for the tests for Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans , in which 10%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.01%, 0.005% and 0.001% of gallium nitrate solutions were prepared.
  • Table 1 shows the list of microorganisms tested for MIC and MBC. All organisms were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, Va. Each microorganism was picked from the seed culture (see Table 1) and inoculated in an appropriate type of broth to obtain a 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard. The standard suspension of the microorganism was then diluted to 1:100 with the broth and used for the tests.
  • ATCC American Type Culture Collection
  • Manassas, Va Manassas, Va.
  • Each microorganism was picked from the seed culture (see Table 1) and inoculated in an appropriate type of broth to obtain a 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard. The standard suspension of the microorganism was then diluted to 1:100 with the broth and used for the tests.
  • VRE Vancomycin-resistant 51575 Enterococcus faecalis
  • VRE Vancomycin-resistant 51575 Enterococcus faecalis
  • CampyPak TM by BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md
  • a Antibiotics resistance of the organism was confirmed by CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) Oxacillin disk-diffusion test. The zone of inhibition was 6 mm (CLSI Oxacillin resistant range: ⁇ 10 mm).
  • b Antibiotics resistance of the organism was confirmed by CLSI Vancomycin disk-diffusion test. The zone of inhibition was 10 mm (CLSI Vancomycin resistant range: ⁇ 14 mm).
  • microdilution broth method in 96-well plates (i.e., 0.1 ml of the gallium nitrate solution mixed with 0.1 ml of the microorganism suspension) or a macrodilution broth method in test tubes (i.e., 1 ml of the gallium nitrate solution mixed with 1 ml of the microorganism suspension) as follows:
  • Microdilution broth method Candida albicans; Streptococcus mutans; Escherichia coli O157:H7; and Campylobacter jejuni.
  • Macrodilution broth method Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE); Salmonella typhi; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
  • MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • VRE Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis
  • Salmonella typhi Salmonella typhi
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis Porphyromonas gingivalis
  • the growth of the microorganisms were determined by visual observation of turbidity in the samples.
  • Viability control A mixture of equal volumes of deionized water and an appropriate broth inoculated with a test microorganism but without gallium nitrate;
  • Sterility control A mixture of equal volumes of deionized water and an appropriate broth without either microorganisms or gallium nitrate.
  • concentrations of microorganisms in the suspension used in MIC test were determined by inoculating serial dilutions of the suspensions onto appropriate agar plates and counting the number of colonies.
  • a toothpaste is formulated to contain gallium nitrate at 50 ⁇ M and 0.2% by weight sodium fluoride as active ingredients in the treatment and prevention of dental and periodontal disease.
  • the formulation also contains conventional inactive ingredients including water, sorbitol, glycerin, hydrated silica, polyethyleneglycol, xanthan gum, sodium saccharin, methylparaben, and propylparaben. These are blended in amounts known to those skilled in the art to obtain a toothpaste of appropriate consistency.
  • the formulation can be packaged in conventional toothpaste tubes, and used in the normal manner.
  • the present invention is applied to the formulation of suppositories and creams for the treatment of internal and external vaginal yeast infections, respectively, as follows.
  • Gallium citrate at 200 ⁇ M is combined with inactive ingredients including, in the case of a suppositories, gelatin, glycerin, lecithin, mineral oil, titanium oxide, and white petrolatum, or, in the case of external creams, benzoic acid, isopropylmyristate, polysorbate 60, potassium hydroxide, propyleneglycol, distilled water and stearyl alcohol.
  • inactive ingredients including, in the case of a suppositories, gelatin, glycerin, lecithin, mineral oil, titanium oxide, and white petrolatum, or, in the case of external creams, benzoic acid, isopropylmyristate, polysorbate 60, potassium hydroxide, propyleneglycol, distilled water and stearyl alcohol.
  • a liquid formulation in a form of an aqueous solution of 5% by weight gallium phosphate and 5% by weight dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride is prepared and packaged for use in households, hospitals, barber shops and beauty parlors as a surface treatment agent for disinfecting objects whose surfaces are prone to acting as sites for the growth of pathogenic organisms.
  • Such a formulation can be used by application to such surfaces in a conventional manner.
  • gallium tartrate In the formulation of animal feeds whereby various nutrients and adjuvants are added to grains that are fed to domestic animals, gallium tartrate at 200 mg/kg feed is added to the feed separately or in combination with the aforesaid ingredients to ensure optimal mixing.
  • the gallium tartrate can be applied as an aqueous solution using conventional equipment to achieve dispersal of the gallium tartrate throughout the feed.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Reproductive Health (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
US11/589,915 2005-11-01 2006-10-31 Growth control of oral and superficial microorganisms using gallium compounds Abandoned US20110038809A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/589,915 US20110038809A1 (en) 2005-11-01 2006-10-31 Growth control of oral and superficial microorganisms using gallium compounds
US14/208,748 US20140193520A1 (en) 2005-11-01 2014-03-13 Growth control of oral and superficial organisms using gallium compounds
US14/985,474 US10632148B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2015-12-31 Growth control of oral and superficial organisms using gallium compounds

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US73187505P 2005-11-01 2005-11-01
US11/589,915 US20110038809A1 (en) 2005-11-01 2006-10-31 Growth control of oral and superficial microorganisms using gallium compounds

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/208,748 Division US20140193520A1 (en) 2005-11-01 2014-03-13 Growth control of oral and superficial organisms using gallium compounds

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20110038809A1 true US20110038809A1 (en) 2011-02-17

Family

ID=38006451

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/589,915 Abandoned US20110038809A1 (en) 2005-11-01 2006-10-31 Growth control of oral and superficial microorganisms using gallium compounds
US14/208,748 Abandoned US20140193520A1 (en) 2005-11-01 2014-03-13 Growth control of oral and superficial organisms using gallium compounds
US14/985,474 Expired - Fee Related US10632148B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2015-12-31 Growth control of oral and superficial organisms using gallium compounds

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/208,748 Abandoned US20140193520A1 (en) 2005-11-01 2014-03-13 Growth control of oral and superficial organisms using gallium compounds
US14/985,474 Expired - Fee Related US10632148B2 (en) 2005-11-01 2015-12-31 Growth control of oral and superficial organisms using gallium compounds

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (3) US20110038809A1 (https=)
EP (2) EP2689783B1 (https=)
JP (2) JP5264494B2 (https=)
KR (2) KR101218854B1 (https=)
CN (2) CN104473962B (https=)
CA (2) CA2627430C (https=)
WO (1) WO2007053581A2 (https=)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140308217A1 (en) * 2011-12-15 2014-10-16 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care compositions
US10537661B2 (en) 2017-03-28 2020-01-21 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Orthopedic implant having a crystalline calcium phosphate coating and methods for making the same
US10537658B2 (en) 2017-03-28 2020-01-21 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Orthopedic implant having a crystalline gallium-containing hydroxyapatite coating and methods for making the same
CN115024391A (zh) * 2022-06-27 2022-09-09 广东粤港澳大湾区国家纳米科技创新研究院 一种抗菌饲料添加剂及其制备方法以及应用

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104473962B (zh) 2005-11-01 2018-05-01 西奈山医学院 使用镓化合物的口部和表面微生物的生长控制
KR101217415B1 (ko) * 2007-04-02 2013-01-02 사이더로믹스, 엘엘씨 갈륨 화합물을 이용하는 감염성 질환의 예방 및 치료 방법
BE1018018A6 (nl) 2008-02-28 2010-04-06 Gielen Cornelis Oplossing voor het biologisch reinigen van tandenborstels en bijhorende inrichting.
US20140242005A1 (en) 2011-10-05 2014-08-28 Multi Oral Bv Method For Oral Care
US20130266629A1 (en) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-10 Dentsply International Inc. Medical device having a surface comprising antimicrobial metal
EP2662051A1 (en) * 2012-05-11 2013-11-13 Dentsply IH AB Medical device having a surface comprising nanoparticles
CA2905788C (en) * 2013-03-12 2022-08-16 Emily A. Stein Dental composition comprising chelator and base
WO2019165425A1 (en) * 2018-02-26 2019-08-29 The Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Antimicrobial gallium compounds and methods
CN109481208A (zh) * 2018-12-21 2019-03-19 南京汉瑞生物科技有限公司 一种应用镓元素的医疗护理设备
JP7271341B2 (ja) * 2019-06-28 2023-05-11 サンスター スイス エスエー 歯周病進行リスク測定方法及びキット
CN111719196A (zh) * 2020-07-31 2020-09-29 储旭 复合抗菌纤维及其制备方法
CN111876879A (zh) * 2020-07-31 2020-11-03 储旭 抗菌面料及其制备方法
CN113600827B (zh) * 2021-07-30 2022-07-19 山东大学 一种Au/Ga2O3/AuGa2多相复合材料及其制备方法与应用
CN117257955B (zh) * 2023-11-17 2024-03-15 深圳大学 铁氧还蛋白还原酶Fpr作为绿脓杆菌治疗药物靶点的应用

Citations (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4177475A (en) * 1977-10-31 1979-12-04 Burroughs Corporation High temperature amorphous memory device for an electrically alterable read-only memory
US4203123A (en) * 1977-12-12 1980-05-13 Burroughs Corporation Thin film memory device employing amorphous semiconductor materials
US4388321A (en) * 1981-08-06 1983-06-14 Monsanto Company Method for inhibiting growth of food poisoning organisms
US5229418A (en) * 1990-04-26 1993-07-20 Glaxo Group Limited Carboxylic acid derivatives
US5358705A (en) * 1992-06-29 1994-10-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Use of N-acetylated amino acid complexes in oral care compositions
US5363329A (en) * 1993-11-10 1994-11-08 Eugeniy Troyan Semiconductor memory device for use in an electrically alterable read-only memory
US5556645A (en) * 1990-01-12 1996-09-17 Bockman; Richard Methods of enhancing wound healing and tissue repair
US5679377A (en) * 1989-11-06 1997-10-21 Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics, Inc. Protein microspheres and methods of using them
US5747482A (en) * 1996-07-30 1998-05-05 Bernstein; Lawrence R. Methods and compositions to inhibit keratinocyte proliferation
US5843936A (en) * 1996-06-28 1998-12-01 Bernstein; Lawrence R. Topical administration of azaspiranes to prevent or treat skin conditions associated with hyperproliferation of keratinocytes
US5997912A (en) * 1996-09-03 1999-12-07 University Of Iowa Research Foundation Method for inhibiting growth of P. aeruginosa using gallium-containing compounds
US6221350B1 (en) * 1996-03-20 2001-04-24 The University Of New South Wales Enhancement of microbial colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract
US6287606B1 (en) * 1990-01-12 2001-09-11 Richard Bockman Methods of enhancing wound healing and tissue repair
US6297242B1 (en) * 1999-08-12 2001-10-02 Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. N-substituted amidine and guanidine oxazolidinone antibacterials and methods of use thereof
US6506413B1 (en) * 2001-04-30 2003-01-14 Joseph C. Ramaekers Compositions for treating animal diseases and syndromes
US6507061B1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2003-01-14 Intel Corporation Multiple layer phase-change memory
US20030155589A1 (en) * 2002-02-20 2003-08-21 Campbell Kristy A. Silver-selenide/chalcogenide glass stack for resistance variable memory
US20040026730A1 (en) * 2002-08-08 2004-02-12 Kostylev Sergey A. Programmable resistance memory element with layered memory material
US20040038956A1 (en) * 2002-08-20 2004-02-26 Menicon Co., Ltd. Method of disinfecting contact lens and disinfecting liquid for the method
US20040087015A1 (en) * 1993-12-01 2004-05-06 Marine Polymer Technologies, Inc. Biocompatible poly-beta-1-4-N-acetylglucosamine
US20050100563A1 (en) * 2001-01-26 2005-05-12 Hexamer Don L. Antifungal compositions and methods of treatment therewith
US20050220895A1 (en) * 2003-12-17 2005-10-06 Bucalo Louis R Use of gallium to treat inflammatory arthritis
US20060018945A1 (en) * 2003-12-04 2006-01-26 University Of Iowa Research Foundation Gallium inhibits biofilm formation
US20070231406A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2007-10-04 Bucalo Louis R Use of gallium to treat biofilm-associated infections
US20080241275A1 (en) * 2007-04-02 2008-10-02 Perl Daniel P Methods for preventing or treating infectious diseases caused by extracellular microorganisms, including antimicrobial-resistant strains thereof, using gallium compounds

Family Cites Families (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB654472A (en) * 1947-03-12 1951-06-20 Procter & Gamble Preparations for use in contact with the teeth
DE3376387D1 (en) 1982-10-22 1988-06-01 Sloan Kettering Inst Cancer The use of gallium salts for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of disorders of calcium homeostasis
US5258376A (en) 1989-11-22 1993-11-02 Bernstein Lawrence R Pharmaceutical compositions of gallium complexes of 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones
US6004951A (en) 1989-11-22 1999-12-21 Bernstein; Lawrence Richard Administration of gallium complexes of 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones to provide physiologically active gallium levels in a mammalian individual
US5574027A (en) 1989-11-22 1996-11-12 Bernstein; Lawrence R. Pharmaceutical compositions of gallium complexes of 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones
DE69033606T2 (de) 1990-01-12 2001-04-26 New York Society For The Relief Of The Ruptured And Crippled, Maintaining The Hospital For Special Surgery Verfahren zur verbesserung der wundheilung und gewebeerneuerung
SU1739957A1 (ru) * 1990-06-29 1992-06-15 Н.И.Лебедев, В.В.Степанок и С.Н.Лебедева Способ силосовани зеленых кормов
CA2108008C (en) * 1991-04-10 1999-05-04 Christopher C. Capelli Antimicrobial compositions useful for medical applications
US5641519A (en) * 1995-05-18 1997-06-24 The Ohio State University Method of treating endotoxic shock employing gallium compounds
US6066628A (en) * 1997-01-09 2000-05-23 Emory University Non-iron metalloporphyrins and methods of use
CN1092962C (zh) * 1998-01-26 2002-10-23 贾伟 一种减轻骨及骨关节疾病疼痛的药物
US6669399B2 (en) 1999-07-12 2003-12-30 Wedgelock Systems, Ltd. Wedge-lockable removable punch and die bushing in retainer
US20020068761A1 (en) 1999-10-04 2002-06-06 Bernstein Lawrence R. Gallium complexes of 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones to treat mycobacterial infections
JP2003510362A (ja) * 1999-10-04 2003-03-18 ローレンス・アール・バーンスタイン 細胞内原核生物、ｄｎａウイルス及びレトロウイルスによる感染を治療するための、３−ヒドロキシ−４−ピロンのガリウム錯体
JP2001314181A (ja) * 2000-05-10 2001-11-13 Mi Tec:Kk キレート化合物含有酒類
KR100400411B1 (ko) * 2000-09-09 2003-10-01 주식회사 바이오프로젠 질염 치료용 생균제제
SE521022C2 (sv) * 2001-09-20 2003-09-23 Ellen Ab Mjölksyraproducerande bakterier för användning som probiotiska organismer i vaginan hos människa
US20060073197A1 (en) * 2004-05-20 2006-04-06 Ramaekers Joseph C Encapsulated transfer factor compositions and methods of use
US6660262B2 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-12-09 Bovine Health Products, Inc. Broad spectrum antimicrobial compound and treatment
US8100872B2 (en) * 2002-10-23 2012-01-24 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Medical dressing containing antimicrobial agent
CA2515424A1 (en) * 2003-02-06 2004-08-26 Bioresponse, Llc The combined use of cruciferous indoles and chelators for the treatment of papillomavirus-related conditions
CN1695493A (zh) * 2004-05-12 2005-11-16 陕西沃森生物基因技术股份有限公司 富有机镓豆芽的生产方法及应用
CN104473962B (zh) 2005-11-01 2018-05-01 西奈山医学院 使用镓化合物的口部和表面微生物的生长控制
WO2008036787A1 (en) 2006-09-22 2008-03-27 C.R. Bard, Inc. Antimicrobial compositions containing gallium

Patent Citations (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4177475A (en) * 1977-10-31 1979-12-04 Burroughs Corporation High temperature amorphous memory device for an electrically alterable read-only memory
US4203123A (en) * 1977-12-12 1980-05-13 Burroughs Corporation Thin film memory device employing amorphous semiconductor materials
US4388321A (en) * 1981-08-06 1983-06-14 Monsanto Company Method for inhibiting growth of food poisoning organisms
US5679377A (en) * 1989-11-06 1997-10-21 Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics, Inc. Protein microspheres and methods of using them
US6287606B1 (en) * 1990-01-12 2001-09-11 Richard Bockman Methods of enhancing wound healing and tissue repair
US5556645A (en) * 1990-01-12 1996-09-17 Bockman; Richard Methods of enhancing wound healing and tissue repair
US5229418A (en) * 1990-04-26 1993-07-20 Glaxo Group Limited Carboxylic acid derivatives
US5358705A (en) * 1992-06-29 1994-10-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Use of N-acetylated amino acid complexes in oral care compositions
US5363329A (en) * 1993-11-10 1994-11-08 Eugeniy Troyan Semiconductor memory device for use in an electrically alterable read-only memory
US20040087015A1 (en) * 1993-12-01 2004-05-06 Marine Polymer Technologies, Inc. Biocompatible poly-beta-1-4-N-acetylglucosamine
US6221350B1 (en) * 1996-03-20 2001-04-24 The University Of New South Wales Enhancement of microbial colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract
US5843936A (en) * 1996-06-28 1998-12-01 Bernstein; Lawrence R. Topical administration of azaspiranes to prevent or treat skin conditions associated with hyperproliferation of keratinocytes
US5916885A (en) * 1996-06-28 1999-06-29 Bernstein; Lawrence R. Topical administration of certain azaspiranes to prevent or treat skin conditions associated with hyperproliferation of skin cells and/or immunologically mediated disorders
US5747482A (en) * 1996-07-30 1998-05-05 Bernstein; Lawrence R. Methods and compositions to inhibit keratinocyte proliferation
US5997912A (en) * 1996-09-03 1999-12-07 University Of Iowa Research Foundation Method for inhibiting growth of P. aeruginosa using gallium-containing compounds
US6203822B1 (en) * 1996-09-03 2001-03-20 University Of Iowa Research Foundation Gallium-containing compounds for the treatment of infections caused by intracellular pathogens and pathogens causing chronic pulmonary infection
US6297242B1 (en) * 1999-08-12 2001-10-02 Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. N-substituted amidine and guanidine oxazolidinone antibacterials and methods of use thereof
US20050100563A1 (en) * 2001-01-26 2005-05-12 Hexamer Don L. Antifungal compositions and methods of treatment therewith
US6506413B1 (en) * 2001-04-30 2003-01-14 Joseph C. Ramaekers Compositions for treating animal diseases and syndromes
US6507061B1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2003-01-14 Intel Corporation Multiple layer phase-change memory
US20030155589A1 (en) * 2002-02-20 2003-08-21 Campbell Kristy A. Silver-selenide/chalcogenide glass stack for resistance variable memory
US20040026730A1 (en) * 2002-08-08 2004-02-12 Kostylev Sergey A. Programmable resistance memory element with layered memory material
US20040038956A1 (en) * 2002-08-20 2004-02-26 Menicon Co., Ltd. Method of disinfecting contact lens and disinfecting liquid for the method
US7560421B2 (en) * 2002-08-20 2009-07-14 Menicon Co., Ltd. Method of disinfecting contact lens and disinfecting liquid for the method
US20060018945A1 (en) * 2003-12-04 2006-01-26 University Of Iowa Research Foundation Gallium inhibits biofilm formation
US20050220895A1 (en) * 2003-12-17 2005-10-06 Bucalo Louis R Use of gallium to treat inflammatory arthritis
US20070231406A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2007-10-04 Bucalo Louis R Use of gallium to treat biofilm-associated infections
US20080241275A1 (en) * 2007-04-02 2008-10-02 Perl Daniel P Methods for preventing or treating infectious diseases caused by extracellular microorganisms, including antimicrobial-resistant strains thereof, using gallium compounds

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140308217A1 (en) * 2011-12-15 2014-10-16 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care compositions
US9561168B2 (en) * 2011-12-15 2017-02-07 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care compositions
US10537661B2 (en) 2017-03-28 2020-01-21 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Orthopedic implant having a crystalline calcium phosphate coating and methods for making the same
US10537658B2 (en) 2017-03-28 2020-01-21 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Orthopedic implant having a crystalline gallium-containing hydroxyapatite coating and methods for making the same
US11058799B2 (en) 2017-03-28 2021-07-13 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Orthopedic implant having a crystalline calcium phosphate coating and methods for making the same
US11141505B2 (en) 2017-03-28 2021-10-12 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Orthopedic implant having a crystalline gallium-containing hydroxyapatite coating and methods for making the same
US11793907B2 (en) 2017-03-28 2023-10-24 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Orthopedic implant having a crystalline gallium-containing hydroxyapatite coating and methods for making the same
US11793910B2 (en) 2017-03-28 2023-10-24 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Orthopedic implant having a crystalline calcium phosphate coating and methods for making the same
CN115024391A (zh) * 2022-06-27 2022-09-09 广东粤港澳大湾区国家纳米科技创新研究院 一种抗菌饲料添加剂及其制备方法以及应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1962774B1 (en) 2014-01-01
JP2013049674A (ja) 2013-03-14
EP2689783A3 (en) 2014-08-20
EP2689783B1 (en) 2018-08-15
EP1962774A4 (en) 2011-03-16
JP5264494B2 (ja) 2013-08-14
CN104473962B (zh) 2018-05-01
CA2784168C (en) 2018-04-10
US10632148B2 (en) 2020-04-28
CN104473962A (zh) 2015-04-01
KR20110042386A (ko) 2011-04-26
KR101218854B1 (ko) 2013-01-09
US20140193520A1 (en) 2014-07-10
WO2007053581A2 (en) 2007-05-10
WO2007053581A3 (en) 2008-12-11
EP1962774A2 (en) 2008-09-03
CA2784168A1 (en) 2007-05-10
KR20080072697A (ko) 2008-08-06
JP2009514861A (ja) 2009-04-09
CA2627430A1 (en) 2007-05-10
CN101484178A (zh) 2009-07-15
US20160113962A1 (en) 2016-04-28
CA2627430C (en) 2012-10-16
EP2689783A2 (en) 2014-01-29
JP5877776B2 (ja) 2016-03-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10632148B2 (en) Growth control of oral and superficial organisms using gallium compounds
Pitten et al. Efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride used as oropharyngeal antiseptic
Naik et al. Contaminated tooth brushes–potential threat to oral and general health
Nelson-Filho et al. Evaluation of the contamination and disinfection methods of toothbrushes used by 24-to 48-month-old children
Pitten et al. Antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptic mouthrinse solutions
US8895077B2 (en) Methods for preventing or treating infectious diseases caused by extracellular microorganisms, including antimicrobial-resistant strains thereof, using gallium compounds
Yilmaz et al. Effects of disinfectants on resilient denture-lining materials contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Candida albicans
El-Shamy et al. In vitro antimicrobial effectiveness of vinegar against oral microorganisms: Part I
KR102241761B1 (ko) 상온에서 속효성 살균 효과를 갖는 조성물
Al-Ahmad et al. An antimicrobial effect from silver-coated toothbrush heads.
Moneib et al. Correlation between the in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial properties of commercially available mouthwash preparations
Rao et al. Evaluation of effectiveness of home remedies for toothbrush decontamination using vinegar and vinegar with common salt
EP1883401B1 (en) Anti-microbial agent
Yoo et al. Post-antibiotic effects and post-antibiotic sub-minimal inhibitory concentration effects of chlorhexidine against oral bacteria
Darout et al. Survival rate of oral bacteria on toothbrush and Miswak stick
Chen et al. Development of an eco-sustainable formulation against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans
CN112999337A (zh) 生物酶消毒液制剂及其制备方法
Mahantesha et al. Contaminated Toothbrush: Potential Threat to Oral and General Health
Ermenlieva et al. In Vitro and In Vivo Determination of Antimicrobial Activity of Mouthwash Solutions against Resident and Pathological Oral Microflora
KR102002399B1 (ko) 카르노식산, 카르노졸 또는 글라브리딘을 유효성분으로 함유하는 살균소독용 조성물
Chavan et al. Comparing Antibacterial Efficacy of 70% Isopropyl Alcohol and 0.2% Chlorhexidine on Toothbrushes: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Aristizábal et al. Development of an Effective Triantibiotic formulation for Enterococcus faecalis in the Treatment of Endodontic Pathology
Paramita et al. Comparison of the efficacy of two disinfectants for controlling gram-positive bacteria on thermoplastic retainers in dental plaques
Kart The susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis to various antimicrobial agents in polymicrobial biofilms formed using a drip flow reactor
AU2006218308B2 (en) Anti-microbial agent

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: SIDEROMICS, LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PERL, DANIEL P., DR.;MOALEM, SHARON, DR.;REEL/FRAME:020950/0967

Effective date: 20080507

AS Assignment

Owner name: MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, NEW YORK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PERL, DANIEL P;MOALEM, SHARON;SIDEROMICS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:028500/0501

Effective date: 20110912

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION