US20100101559A1 - Biaxial solar tracker - Google Patents

Biaxial solar tracker Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100101559A1
US20100101559A1 US12/521,047 US52104707A US2010101559A1 US 20100101559 A1 US20100101559 A1 US 20100101559A1 US 52104707 A US52104707 A US 52104707A US 2010101559 A1 US2010101559 A1 US 2010101559A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
solar
panels
inclination
angle
solar tracker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US12/521,047
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Grant
Raul MoralesTorres
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soltec Energias Renovables SL
Original Assignee
Soltec Energias Renovables SL
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soltec Energias Renovables SL filed Critical Soltec Energias Renovables SL
Assigned to SOLTEC ENERGIAS RENOVABLES, S.L. reassignment SOLTEC ENERGIAS RENOVABLES, S.L. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GRANT, THOMAS, MORALES TORRES, RAUL
Publication of US20100101559A1 publication Critical patent/US20100101559A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/10—Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
    • F24S30/452—Vertical primary axis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/13—Transmissions
    • F24S2030/136—Transmissions for moving several solar collectors by common transmission elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2030/10—Special components
    • F24S2030/14—Movement guiding means
    • F24S2030/145—Tracks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic solar installations intended for using solar energy by means of its direct conversion into electric power, and more specifically it relates to those installations based on active solar trackers, i.e., on orientable dual-axis support structures, with controlled movement very precisely synchronized with the position of the sun in every moment and incorporating or grouping a plurality of photovoltaic modules or panels.
  • active solar trackers i.e., on orientable dual-axis support structures
  • the support structure of the tracker allows, by means of the coordinated movement of several of its parts, tracking the route of the sun from when it rises in the East to when it sets in the West, enabling the solar panels to always be directly facing the sun.
  • Utility model ES-A-1050814 relates to one of said solar trackers, which consists of a fixed platform defined by a circular rail held by columns which raise it off the ground and keep it leveled to allow a rotatable platform located above and provided with wheels, to rotate so as to be oriented in azimuth.
  • This rotatable platform bears a plurality of solar panels arranged in rows and columns on a sloping surface.
  • each of the rows of solar panels is rotatable about a shaft common to all of them, to be oriented from a vertical position in which they receive the solar rays at sunrise, until it reaches the most angled position at midday when the sun is highest.
  • the azimuth rotation of the mobile platform simultaneous with that of the angling of the panels, is performed by having coupled to the wheels a geared motor, rotatable up to 210°, equivalent to fourteen hours of the apparent solar path, from sunrise to sunset.
  • Utility model ES-A-1059027 proposes a rotatable base for solar panel installations, formed by a U-shaped circular rail, on a fixed platform or bed plate held by pillars leveling it according to the orography of the area in which it is to be installed and, defined on the rail a mobile inclined structure with a plurality of solar panels arranged in rows and columns on this sloping surface.
  • This inclined structure is attached and coupled to the fixed circular rail by means of perpendicular bearings providing it with angular mobility, as well as serving as a guide for the rotatable movement.
  • Both the base of the sloping surface of ES-A-1050814, i.e., what is referred to therein as rotatable platform, and the equivalent of ES-A-1059027, globally referred to as mobile inclined structure, are directly rotatably coupled to the respective circular rails, the diameter of said circular rails thus being substantially equal to the distance between the two slopes, which obliges design restrictions, especially with respect to span, which are desirable to be overcome.
  • the inclinations of the support slopes of the groups of solar panels of ES-A-1050814, and the distribution of the rows of panels determine that in certain periods of insolation the orientation of the panels causes a shadow on the neighboring panels with a loss in the yield of the installation.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,191,875 relates to a solar boiler including a solar panel pivotably coupled to a structure, which is rotatable with respect to a base incorporating a rail on which wheels fixed to the rotatable structure travel.
  • the structure consists of a series of support arms and cross-members providing it with certain rigidity, but despite its configuration it also has the drawbacks of the two mentioned documents, i.e., the base of the structure is directly rotatably coupled to the respective circular rail, the diameter of the circular rail being substantially equal to the width of the structure and of the panel, which involves the mentioned design restrictions with respect to span.
  • Utility model ES-A-1046171 describes a mechanism responsible for pivoting a shaft of a number of solar panels, which mechanism is formed by a towline guided by pulleys moving a semicircular part coupled to said shaft.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of conventional solar trackers described in the previous section, providing a solar tracker with a more elaborate frame than those formed by the conventional simple sloping structure, which allows raising the mentioned sloping structure, and with it the rows of panels borne by the same, as well as avoiding the mentioned design restrictions, especially with respect to the span, enabling the span of the sloping structure, with respect to its width, to have greater dimensions than the diameter of the circular rail which allows rotating the solar tracker, while at the same time offering the solar tracker high robustness and resistance to the wind.
  • another object of the present invention is to also provide a solar tracker the sloping structure of which has a larger inclination than that of conventional trackers, for the purpose of covering a smaller ground area, but which nevertheless is designed such that it offers good wind resistance characteristics.
  • the present invention relates to a biaxial solar tracker, applicable to a photovoltaic solar installation, of the type comprising a horizontal fixed platform, bearing a circular track or rail, rolling elements supported on said rail and to which is attached a mobile frame including a sloping structure having associated thereto a plurality of solar panels, grouped in rows, the panels of each row being connected to corresponding support shafts, supported on said sloping structure, and means for moving the mentioned frame and the mentioned shafts to orient at all times the solar panels in accordance with a predetermined configuration.
  • the frame of the solar tracker proposed by the present invention comprises:
  • the sloping structure raised and seating on said base through intermediate elements spacing it from the mentioned fixed platform, and formed by two or more supporting beams, that delimit an oblique plane, which are separated from each other by a distance greater than the diameter of the circular rail.
  • the frame proposed by the invention allows, for a circular rail of one and the same diameter, offering a much greater oblique support plane for the rows of solar panels than that which is offered by conventional trackers, and therefore providing a larger solar capture surface than that of conventional trackers.
  • the mentioned support shafts of the rows of solar panels project at their two ends beyond said supporting beams, whereby the total solar capture surface is even much larger as it is not limited to the width of the sloping structure, which in turn, as explained, is not limited to the diameter of the circular rail either.
  • the mentioned supporting beams are inclined an angle substantially equal to the minimum angle of inclination adoptable by each panel plus the mean angle between said minimum angle of inclination and the maximum angle of inclination adoptable by each panel, all of said angles being taken with respect to the horizontal.
  • solar trackers with respective raised sloping structures at different heights can be used to avoid the mentioned unwanted shadows caused by the irregularities or inclinations of the terrain, or by other adjacent solar trackers, or by other elements of the photovoltaic installation.
  • FIG. 1 is a rear perspective view of the solar tracker proposed by the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the solar tracker of FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevation sectioned view of part of the solar tracker of FIG. 2 , showing the mechanism rotating the rows of solar panels about their rotation shafts, for one embodiment,
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-section of part of a rail, inside which a rolling element of the proposed solar tracker moves,
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of part of the solar tracker proposed by the present invention for an alternative embodiment to that of FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 6 shows the elements of the solar tracker illustrated in FIG. 5 plus the solar panels forming the different rows thereof
  • FIG. 7 is a front perspective view of the group of elements of the solar tracker illustrated in FIG. 5 , for the same embodiment, and
  • FIG. 8 is a front perspective view of the same solar tracker illustrated by FIG. 6 .
  • the attached figures illustrate two embodiments of the solar tracker proposed by the present invention, comprising a series of common elements, whereas they also have some alternative elements or configurations.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 A first embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 , whereas a second embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8 .
  • Both embodiments show the main elements forming the solar tracker proposed by the present invention which, as previously described, is of the type comprising a horizontal fixed platform 1 , bearing a circular track or rail 2 , rolling elements R (see FIG. 4 ) supported on said rail 2 and to which is attached a mobile frame 4 including a sloping structure 5 having associated thereto a plurality of solar panels P, grouped in rows H, the panels P of each row H being connected to corresponding support shafts, four in number E 1 -E 4 for the first embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 and three in number for the second embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8 .
  • Each of said support shafts, E 1 -E 4 or E 1 -E 3 is supported on said sloping structure 5 , and the solar tracker also comprises means for moving the mentioned frame 4 and the mentioned support shafts, E 1 -E 4 or E 1 -E 3 , to orient at all times the solar panels P in accordance with a predetermined configuration.
  • FIG. 4 (common for both embodiments) it can be seen how one of the rolling elements R is introduced in the circular rail 2 , and supported by a plate 3 , which is in turn fixed to the base B of the mobile frame 4 .
  • the frame 4 comprises a base B with said rolling elements R attached thereto and the sloping structure 5 is raised above said base B, at a distance from the mentioned fixed platform 1 and formed by two supporting beams 6 , 7 that delimit an oblique plane and are separated from each other by a distance which, as can be seen in FIG. 1 , is greater than the diameter of the circular rail 2 .
  • the mentioned supporting beams 6 , 7 are inclined an angle substantially equal to the minimum angle of inclination adoptable by each panel P plus the mean angle between said minimum angle of inclination and the maximum angle of inclination adoptable by each panel P, all of said angles being taken with respect to the horizontal, i.e., the angle of inclination of the beams 6 , 7 is equal to:
  • the supporting beams 6 , 7 are inclined an angle of substantially 45 degrees, which is suitable for a minimum angle of inclination adoptable by each panel P of substantially 10 degrees and a maximum angle of inclination adoptable by each panel P of substantially 80 degrees.
  • the supporting beams 6 , 7 are inclined an angle of substantially 50 degrees.
  • the frame 4 comprises a starting portion integrating several divergent columns 8 (which in FIGS. 1 and 7 are four in number) joined at points close to their free ends 8 a by transverse reinforcing beams 9 given them consistency.
  • FIG. 7 it is seen how the solar tracker therein illustrated has four of the mentioned reinforcing beams 9 , although said number can be different for other embodiments not illustrated.
  • the span of the proposed solar tracker is not limited, in terms of width, to the distance between the supporting beams 6 , 7 , but rather, as seen in FIGS. 1 and 8 , for several preferred embodiments, the support shafts, E 1 -E 4 or E 1 -E 3 , of the rows H of solar panels P project at their two ends beyond said supporting beams 6 , 7 , thus providing a solar capture surface of a much greater width than the diameter of the circular rail 2 .
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a solar tracker with three support shafts E 1 -E 3 and FIG. 1 illustrates one with four support shafts E 1 -E 4 , as a depiction of two preferred embodiments, since the solar tracker proposed by the invention preferably has between three and five support shafts, with a minimum angle of inclination of the panels P of 10°, a maximum angle of elevation of the panels P of 80°, the assembly of panels P is between two and four times wider than it is high, and the angle of inclination of the sloping structure 5 is of 45°.
  • the mentioned means for moving the support shafts, E 1 -E 4 , E 1 -E 3 , of the rows H of solar panels P comprise a driving mechanism 11 (seen in detail in FIG. 3 ) applied, unlike the proposal in utility model ES-A-1050814, to a single shaft E 3 and a transmission mechanism formed by connecting rods 12 and levers 13 to transmit the movement to the other shafts (E 1 , E 2 , E 4 for the first embodiment and E 1 , E 2 for the second embodiment).
  • the driving mechanism 11 also comprises, like in utility model ES-A-1046171, a semicircular part 14 adjoined to a panel P, but instead of using a towline moved along pulleys, it uses a chain 15 moved by a corresponding motor over gears or gear wheels 16 .
  • each of said levers 13 is fixed at a first end to a respective one of said support shafts E 1 -E 4 and articulated at a second end with respect to the end of one or more of said connecting rods 12 (the levers 13 of the end rows H each articulated to only one connecting rod 12 , and the levers 13 of the intermediate rows H each articulated to two connecting rods 12 ).
  • the support shafts E 1 -E 3 are not rotation shafts, but rather they are adapted to rotate with respect to parallel shafts G 1 -G 3 , the mentioned driving mechanism 11 and the mentioned transmission mechanism being configured to rotate the support shafts E 1 -E 3 with respect to said parallel shafts G 1 -G 3 , for which purpose, as can be seen in FIGS.
  • each of said levers 13 is articulated at a first end to a respective one of said parallel shafts G 1 -G 3 , fixed at a portion at a distance from said first end to a respective one of said support shafts E 1 -E 3 and articulated at a second end with respect to the end of one or more of said connecting rods 12 .
  • a transmission mechanism such as the one described in the preceding paragraph for the second embodiment, i.e., the one that allows the rows H of solar panels P to not rotate about their respective support shaft E 1 -E 3 (as is the case of the first embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 ), but rather with respect to a distanced or remote parallel shaft G 1 -G 3 , is to achieve that, in the event that a mechanical element of said transmission mechanism breaks, the rows H of solar panels P are positioned horizontally by gravity, pivoting with respect to their respective parallel or remote shaft G 1 -G 3 , in order to offer minimal wind resistance, i.e., it is possible for the rows H to offer a position of stable equilibrium in the horizontal position.
  • FIG. 7 it can be seen how the transmission mechanism described is arranged only on the supporting beam 6 , although for other embodiments the possibility of arranging at least another similar transmission mechanism in the other supporting beam 7 is contemplated.
US12/521,047 2006-12-05 2007-12-04 Biaxial solar tracker Abandoned US20100101559A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200603109A ES2308910B1 (es) 2006-12-05 2006-12-05 Seguidor solar biaxial.
ESP200603109 2006-12-05
PCT/ES2007/000712 WO2008068369A1 (fr) 2006-12-05 2007-12-04 Suiveur solaire biaxial

Publications (1)

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US20100101559A1 true US20100101559A1 (en) 2010-04-29

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US12/521,047 Abandoned US20100101559A1 (en) 2006-12-05 2007-12-04 Biaxial solar tracker

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US (1) US20100101559A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2090848A4 (fr)
CN (1) CN101646907B (fr)
AU (1) AU2007330684B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2673575A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2308910B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008068369A1 (fr)

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CN113324331B (zh) * 2021-08-04 2021-11-05 江苏图创建筑工程有限公司 基于人工智能控制策略的供冷热能源站控制系统及方法
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EP2090848A4 (fr) 2013-10-30
ES2308910A1 (es) 2008-12-01
AU2007330684A1 (en) 2008-06-12
CN101646907A (zh) 2010-02-10
CA2673575A1 (fr) 2008-06-12
WO2008068369A1 (fr) 2008-06-12
EP2090848A1 (fr) 2009-08-19
CN101646907B (zh) 2012-11-14

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