US20090277113A1 - Structural insulating panel and flat roof structure employing same - Google Patents

Structural insulating panel and flat roof structure employing same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090277113A1
US20090277113A1 US12/118,011 US11801108A US2009277113A1 US 20090277113 A1 US20090277113 A1 US 20090277113A1 US 11801108 A US11801108 A US 11801108A US 2009277113 A1 US2009277113 A1 US 2009277113A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
structural
insulating panel
intermediate layer
panel according
structural insulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/118,011
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English (en)
Inventor
Jeff Taraba
Emil Taraba
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thermapan Structural Insulated Panels Inc
Original Assignee
Thermapan Structural Insulated Panels Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thermapan Structural Insulated Panels Inc filed Critical Thermapan Structural Insulated Panels Inc
Priority to US12/118,011 priority Critical patent/US20090277113A1/en
Priority to EP09159733A priority patent/EP2116664A1/fr
Priority to CA2665652A priority patent/CA2665652C/fr
Priority to CNA2009101497932A priority patent/CN101603356A/zh
Assigned to THERMAPAN STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANELS INC. reassignment THERMAPAN STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANELS INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TARABA, EMIL M., TARABA, JEFFREY M.
Publication of US20090277113A1 publication Critical patent/US20090277113A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/351Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
    • E04D3/352Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material at least one insulating layer being located between non-insulating layers, e.g. double skin slabs or sheets
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/0404Drainage on the roof surface
    • E04D13/0481Drainage guiding provisions, e.g. deflectors or stimulation by inclined surfaces
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1687Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure the insulating material having provisions for roof drainage
    • E04D13/1693Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure the insulating material having provisions for roof drainage the upper surface of the insulating material forming an inclined surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to building structure and in particular, to a structural insulating panel and flat roof structure employing the same.
  • flat or horizontal roofs on commercial and residential buildings have been common in warmer, drier climates where water accumulation as a result of precipitation is not a problem. More recently, flat roofs have become popular in cooler, wetter climates. Unlike sloped roofs, flat roofs have ineffective drainage characteristics making them prone to leakage problems. In wetter climates, to deal with this drainage issue, complex water proofing is typically required in flat roofs. In commercial buildings, drains are sometimes provided in the flat roofs to collect rainwater and melting snow and direct the water off of the roofs.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,144,782 to Paquette et al. discloses a draining system for water which may collect between the upper and lower membranes of a flat insulated roof. Insulating panels located between the upper and lower membranes are provided at both their upper and lower faces with a network of intersecting grooves. The networks of grooves communicate with each other through passages made through the insulating panels or constituted at the insulating panel joints. The grooves and passages provide drainage channels for any water that has seeped under the upper membrane as a result of perforations in the upper membrane. A lower drain is sealed to and opens above the lower membrane to drain water collected by the drainage channels. Drainage of the water helps to prevent deterioration of the insulating panels and water accumulation which may provoke overload problems.
  • a structural insulating panel for use in a flat roof structure comprising upper and lower structural layers and an intermediate layer between said upper and lower structural layers, the intermediate layer being shaped such that said upper structural layer is sloped relative to a horizontal plane when said structural insulating panel is installed in a flat roof structure.
  • the intermediate layer is shaped such that the upper structural layer is sloped in multiple dimensions relative to the horizontal plane.
  • the upper structural layer may slope generally linearly downwardly in generally orthogonal directions or may curve downwardly in different directions.
  • the intermediate layer is shaped such that the upper structural layer slopes generally linearly downwardly in a single direction.
  • the intermediate layer is sandwiched directly between the upper and lower structural layers.
  • the thicknesses of the upper and lower structural layers are selected to give the structural insulating panel a desired fire rating.
  • Each of the upper and lower structural layers may have a thickness in the range from about 1 ⁇ 8′′ to about 11 ⁇ 8′′.
  • the intermediate layer may have a minimum thickness of about 1′′ and a maximum thickness of about 16′′.
  • a flat roof structure comprising a plurality of abutting structural insulating panels, each structural insulating panel spanning at least a pair of adjacent rafters of the flat roof structure and defining an upper decking surface on which roofing is applied, the structural insulating panels being configured such that the upper decking surface is non-horizontal thereby to promote drainage.
  • the structural insulating panels in one form are arranged at least one of end-to-end and side-to-side with adjacent structural panels carrying mating formations. Sealant seals seams between the adjacent structural insulating panels.
  • a structural insulating panel comprising an intermediate layer sandwiched between and adhered to first and second structural layers, the intermediate layer varying in thickness such that the first and second structural layers are non-parallel.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a flat roof structure employing structural insulating panels
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the roof structure of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged portion of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a structural insulating panel forming part of the flat roof structures of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 4 taken along line 5 - 5 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 4 taken along line 6 - 6 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a top plan view of an alternative structural insulating panel for use in a flat roof structure
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 7 taken along line 8 - 8 ;
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 7 taken along line 9 - 9 ;
  • FIG. 10 is a top plan view of yet another structural insulating panel for use in a flat roof structure
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 10 taken along line 11 - 11 ;
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 10 taken along line 12 - 12 ;
  • FIG. 13 is an enlarged side elevational view of a portion of adjacent structural insulating panels showing an alternative joint
  • FIG. 14 is an enlarged side elevational view of a portion of adjacent structural insulating panels showing yet another joint.
  • the flat roof structure 30 comprises a plurality of abutting structural insulating panels 32 arranged in an array.
  • the array comprises six (6) rows and three (3) columns of panels 32 .
  • the 6 ⁇ 3 array of panels 32 is shown for illustrative purposes only.
  • the dimensions of the panel array can vary significantly depending on the overall size of the flat roof structure 30 and the dimensions of the individual panels 32 in the array.
  • the longitudinal dimension of each panel 32 is selected so that each structural insulating panel 32 spans at least one pair of adjacent rafters 34 .
  • each structural insulating panel 32 will have a lengthwise dimension in the range of from about eight (8) feet to about twenty (20) feet and a widthwise dimension equal to about four (4) feet.
  • Suitable fasteners such as screws or nails are used to secure the structural insulating panels 32 to the rafters 34 .
  • the upper surfaces 36 of the structural insulating panels 32 define the decking 38 of the flat roof structure 30 on which roofing (not shown) is applied.
  • the structural insulating panels 32 are configured so that the decking 38 is pitched in multiple dimensions thereby to promote drainage towards the outer peripheral edges of the flat roof structure 30 .
  • the pitch in each dimension is typically selected so that it does not exceed 1/12′′.
  • the structural insulating panels 32 in column C 1 , rows R 1 to R 3 and in column C 3 , rows R 1 to R 3 are configured so that the flat roof structure 30 slopes linearly downwardly to the right as indicated by arrows 40 and slopes linearly downwardly from its central longitudinal axis 42 towards its peripheral side edge 44 as indicated by arrows 46 .
  • the structural insulating panels 32 in column C 1 , rows R 4 to R 6 and in column C 3 , rows R 4 to R 6 are configured so that the flat roof structure 30 slopes linearly downwardly to the right as indicated by arrows 40 and slopes linearly downwardly from its longitudinal axis 42 towards its peripheral side edge 48 as indicated by arrows 50 .
  • the structural insulating panels 32 in column C 2 , rows R 1 to R 3 are configured so that the flat roof structure 30 slopes linearly downwardly to the left as indicated by arrow 52 and slopes linearly downwardly from its longitudinal axis 42 towards its peripheral side edge 44 as indicated by arrow 46 .
  • the structural insulating panels 32 in column C 2 , rows R 4 to R 6 are configured so that the flat roof structure 30 slopes linearly downwardly to the left as indicated by arrow 52 and slopes linearly downwardly from its longitudinal axis 42 towards its peripheral side edge 48 as indicated by arrow 50 .
  • structural insulating panel 32 comprises an intermediate layer 60 sandwiched between and bonded to upper and lower structural layers 62 and 64 respectively by suitable adhesive.
  • the intermediate layer 60 is formed of expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam and comprises a core 70 typically having a thickness in the range of from about 1′′ to about 16′′, a top skin 72 on the core 70 having a thickness of about 7/16′′ and a bottom skin 74 on the core 70 having a thickness of about 5 ⁇ 8′′.
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • the upper and lower structural layers 62 and 64 are formed of a suitable structural material such as for example plywood and have a thickness generally in the range of from about 1 ⁇ 8′′ to about 11 ⁇ 8′′. The thicknesses of upper and lower structural layers 62 and 64 are selected to give the flat roof structure 30 its desired fire rating.
  • the core 70 varies in thickness to give the structural insulating panel 32 its desired pitch.
  • the upper structural layer 62 which overlies the top skin 72 of the intermediate layer 60 conforms to the orientation of the intermediate layer and thus, provides the sloped upper decking surface onto which the roofing is applied.
  • One side edge of the lower structural layer 64 has a groove 80 formed therein and the opposite side edge of the lower structural layer 64 has a tongue 82 formed thereon.
  • the groove 80 is shaped to receive a tongue formed on an adjacent structural insulating panel 32 and the tongue 82 is shaped to be inserted into the groove formed in another adjacent structural insulating panel 32 .
  • one of the seams 90 between two adjacent structural insulating panels 32 is shown.
  • the tongue 82 on the lower structural layer 64 of one structural insulating panel is received in the groove 80 formed in the lower structural layer 64 of the other structural insulating panel.
  • Adhesive caulking 92 is applied to the tongue 82 and/or groove 80 prior to insertion of the tongue into the groove to secure the lower structural layers of the adjacent structural insulating panels 32 together.
  • a sealant 94 such as for example, a foam seal or sill seal gasket, is used to fill any gaps between the intermediate layers 60 and upper structural layers 62 of the adjacent structural insulating panels at the seam 90 .
  • the structural insulating panels 32 of the flat roof structure 30 are configured so that the flat roof structure 30 slopes linearly downward in two different directions.
  • Those of skill in the art will appreciate however, that other structural insulating panel configurations can be used in flat roof structures 30 to promote drainage.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 another embodiment of a structural insulating panel for use in a flat roof structure is shown and is generally identified by reference numeral 132 .
  • structural insulating panel 132 Similar to the structural insulating panel 32 , structural insulating panel 132 also comprises an intermediate EPS layer 160 sandwiched between upper and lower structural layers 162 and 164 respectively.
  • the core 170 of the intermediate layer 160 has a parabolic shape and thus, curves downwardly from its center in all directions towards the edges of the intermediate layer.
  • FIGS. 10 to 12 show yet another embodiment of a structural insulating panel 232 for use in a flat roof structure. Similar to the structural insulating panels 32 and 132 , structural insulating panel 232 comprises an intermediate EPS layer 260 sandwiched between upper and lower structural layers 262 and 264 respectively. In this embodiment, the core 270 of the intermediate layer 260 slopes linearly downwardly in only one direction.
  • FIG. 13 shows adjacent structural insulating panels 32 interconnected via an overlap joint
  • FIG. 14 shows adjacent structural insulting panels interconnected via a butt spline joint.
  • the upper and lower structural layers 62 and 64 are described as being formed of plywood. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the upper and lower structural layers may be formed of other suitable structural material such as for example OSB, metal sheet, fire resistant board etc. Also, the intermediate layer 60 need not be formed of EPS. Other foam material such as for example urethane foam, polyurethane foam, isocyanurate foam etc. or other suitable non-foam material such as for example honeycomb board may be used.
  • structural insulating panels that provide pitched upper decking surfaces are described and illustrated above, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the structural insulating panels may take on other orientations to promote drainage. Of course, if desired the structural insulating panels can be used on wall structures for structural and/or decorative purposes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
US12/118,011 2008-05-09 2008-05-09 Structural insulating panel and flat roof structure employing same Abandoned US20090277113A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/118,011 US20090277113A1 (en) 2008-05-09 2008-05-09 Structural insulating panel and flat roof structure employing same
EP09159733A EP2116664A1 (fr) 2008-05-09 2009-05-08 Panneau à isolation structurelle et structure de toit plat l'utilisant
CA2665652A CA2665652C (fr) 2008-05-09 2009-05-08 Panneau d'isolation structurel et structure de toit plat y faisant appel
CNA2009101497932A CN101603356A (zh) 2008-05-09 2009-05-11 结构隔热板和采用该结构隔热板的平屋顶结构

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/118,011 US20090277113A1 (en) 2008-05-09 2008-05-09 Structural insulating panel and flat roof structure employing same

Publications (1)

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US20090277113A1 true US20090277113A1 (en) 2009-11-12

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US12/118,011 Abandoned US20090277113A1 (en) 2008-05-09 2008-05-09 Structural insulating panel and flat roof structure employing same

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US20090277113A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2116664A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101603356A (fr)
CA (1) CA2665652C (fr)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090313931A1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2009-12-24 Porter William H Multilayered structural insulated panel
US20110072736A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-03-31 Atlas Roofing Corporation Drainage members for flat roofs and methods of making same
US20120047844A1 (en) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 James Walker Ventilated Structural Panels and Method of Construction with Ventilated Structural Panels
US20120047839A1 (en) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 James Walker Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US20120125450A1 (en) * 2010-11-23 2012-05-24 Hunter Panels Llc Roof sump structure
US20140323031A1 (en) * 2011-11-14 2014-10-30 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Outdoor unit of refrigeration apparatus
US8950140B1 (en) * 2013-08-12 2015-02-10 Dimensional Tile Backer, LLC Dimensional tile backing
US20150101260A1 (en) * 2013-10-14 2015-04-16 Division 8 Products, Inc. Trellis with internal drainage system
US9050766B2 (en) 2013-03-01 2015-06-09 James Walker Variations and methods of producing ventilated structural panels
US9091049B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2015-07-28 James Walker Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US9604428B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2017-03-28 James Walker Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US20190145095A1 (en) * 2014-09-17 2019-05-16 Grade Group As Surface covering system and methods for preparing such a system
CN113047535A (zh) * 2021-03-29 2021-06-29 北京天润建设有限公司 一种屋面标高装置及方法
US11118798B2 (en) * 2019-03-08 2021-09-14 Johnson Controls Technology Company Composite roof structure for air handling units
US20210381259A1 (en) * 2020-06-05 2021-12-09 Johns Manville Non-wicking underlayment board
US20210381229A1 (en) * 2020-06-05 2021-12-09 Johns Manville Non-wicking underlayment board

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CA2832216C (fr) * 2011-04-06 2017-07-11 Bluescope Buildings North America, Inc. Systeme a blocs thermiques de pontage et procede correspondant
IN2014MN02528A (fr) * 2012-05-16 2015-07-17 Grade Group As
CN104695632A (zh) * 2015-03-18 2015-06-10 德州市好宜居木结构有限公司 集成模块屋顶系统
CN112593662B (zh) * 2020-12-08 2022-11-11 中建二局阳光智造有限公司 一种落地式钢结构房屋建设用雨篷结构

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US3349525A (en) * 1966-01-14 1967-10-31 Koppers Co Inc Interacting laminar shell structural component
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US5144782A (en) * 1990-08-15 1992-09-08 Paquette Jean Paul Double-level drainage system for flat roofs
US5590501A (en) * 1993-12-23 1997-01-07 Styro-Stop, Inc. Insulation barrier and a method of making an insulation barrier
US6415570B1 (en) * 2000-09-01 2002-07-09 Roofers Mart Of Wisconsin, Inc. Modular roofing system and assembly
US7040067B2 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-05-09 Associated Materials, Inc. Siding panel with insulated backing panel
US20060101777A1 (en) * 2004-09-29 2006-05-18 Denis Lapointe Insulating roofing system for flat roofs
US20100031593A1 (en) * 2007-01-12 2010-02-11 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh & Co. Ohg Sloping roof system and insulating board for sloping roof systems

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US3138898A (en) * 1957-08-14 1964-06-30 Johns Manville Joint for insulating board roof plank
US3209502A (en) * 1961-06-07 1965-10-05 Allied Chem Insulating roof deck structure
US3349525A (en) * 1966-01-14 1967-10-31 Koppers Co Inc Interacting laminar shell structural component
US4642950A (en) * 1979-03-16 1987-02-17 Kelly Thomas L Reroofing with sloping plateau forming insulation
US4503644A (en) * 1983-05-09 1985-03-12 Coutu Sr Walter H Roof construction
US4587164A (en) * 1985-04-29 1986-05-06 The Dow Chemical Company Roof deck composite panels
US4907383A (en) * 1987-04-27 1990-03-13 Winter Amos G Iv Bowed roof structure, structure panel and method for using same
US5144782A (en) * 1990-08-15 1992-09-08 Paquette Jean Paul Double-level drainage system for flat roofs
US5590501A (en) * 1993-12-23 1997-01-07 Styro-Stop, Inc. Insulation barrier and a method of making an insulation barrier
US6415570B1 (en) * 2000-09-01 2002-07-09 Roofers Mart Of Wisconsin, Inc. Modular roofing system and assembly
US7040067B2 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-05-09 Associated Materials, Inc. Siding panel with insulated backing panel
US20070011976A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2007-01-18 Associated Materials, Inc., D/B/A Alside Siding Panel with Insulated Backing Panel
US7188454B2 (en) * 2004-08-13 2007-03-13 Associated Materials, Inc. Siding panel with insulated backing panel
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US20100031593A1 (en) * 2007-01-12 2010-02-11 Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh & Co. Ohg Sloping roof system and insulating board for sloping roof systems

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090313931A1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2009-12-24 Porter William H Multilayered structural insulated panel
US20110072736A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-03-31 Atlas Roofing Corporation Drainage members for flat roofs and methods of making same
US8490355B2 (en) * 2010-08-24 2013-07-23 James Walker Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US20120047839A1 (en) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 James Walker Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US9091049B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2015-07-28 James Walker Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US8534018B2 (en) * 2010-08-24 2013-09-17 James Walker Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US8635822B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2014-01-28 James Walker Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US9604428B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2017-03-28 James Walker Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US20120047844A1 (en) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 James Walker Ventilated Structural Panels and Method of Construction with Ventilated Structural Panels
US20120125450A1 (en) * 2010-11-23 2012-05-24 Hunter Panels Llc Roof sump structure
US8365487B2 (en) * 2010-11-23 2013-02-05 Hunter Panels Llc Roof sump structure
US20140323031A1 (en) * 2011-11-14 2014-10-30 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Outdoor unit of refrigeration apparatus
US10030886B2 (en) * 2011-11-14 2018-07-24 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Outdoor unit of refrigeration apparatus
US9050766B2 (en) 2013-03-01 2015-06-09 James Walker Variations and methods of producing ventilated structural panels
US8950140B1 (en) * 2013-08-12 2015-02-10 Dimensional Tile Backer, LLC Dimensional tile backing
US9328516B2 (en) * 2013-10-14 2016-05-03 Division 8 Products, Inc. Trellis with internal drainage system
US20150101260A1 (en) * 2013-10-14 2015-04-16 Division 8 Products, Inc. Trellis with internal drainage system
US20190145095A1 (en) * 2014-09-17 2019-05-16 Grade Group As Surface covering system and methods for preparing such a system
US11118798B2 (en) * 2019-03-08 2021-09-14 Johnson Controls Technology Company Composite roof structure for air handling units
US20210381259A1 (en) * 2020-06-05 2021-12-09 Johns Manville Non-wicking underlayment board
US20210381229A1 (en) * 2020-06-05 2021-12-09 Johns Manville Non-wicking underlayment board
US11685140B2 (en) * 2020-06-05 2023-06-27 Johns Manville Non-wicking underlayment board
US11773586B2 (en) * 2020-06-05 2023-10-03 Johns Manville Non-wicking underlayment board
CN113047535A (zh) * 2021-03-29 2021-06-29 北京天润建设有限公司 一种屋面标高装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101603356A (zh) 2009-12-16
CA2665652A1 (fr) 2009-11-09
CA2665652C (fr) 2016-10-18
EP2116664A1 (fr) 2009-11-11

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