US20090272464A1 - Grain-Oriented Electrical Sheet Superior in Watt Loss - Google Patents

Grain-Oriented Electrical Sheet Superior in Watt Loss Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090272464A1
US20090272464A1 US12/311,756 US31175607A US2009272464A1 US 20090272464 A1 US20090272464 A1 US 20090272464A1 US 31175607 A US31175607 A US 31175607A US 2009272464 A1 US2009272464 A1 US 2009272464A1
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Prior art keywords
residual stress
rolling direction
loss
grain
watt loss
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Abandoned
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US12/311,756
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English (en)
Inventor
Hideyuki Hamamura
Keiji Iwata
Tatsuhiko Sakai
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Assigned to NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION reassignment NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HAMAMURA, HIDEYUKI, IWATA, KEIJI, SAKAI, TATSUHIKO
Publication of US20090272464A1 publication Critical patent/US20090272464A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1294—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a localized treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/14708—Fe-Ni based alloys
    • H01F1/14716—Fe-Ni based alloys in the form of sheets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to grain-oriented electrical sheet superior in watt loss which uses laser firing or the like to introduce residual stress for magnetic domain control.
  • Grain-oriented electrical sheet having an axis of easy magnetization in the rolling direction of the steel sheet is mainly being used for iron cores of transformers etc. In recent years, it has been strongly demanded to reduce the watt loss of iron cores from the viewpoint of energy savings.
  • the watt loss of electrical sheet may be roughly divided into hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. It is known that the hysteresis loss is influenced by the crystal orientation, defects, grain boundaries, etc., while the eddy current loss is influenced by the sheet thickness, electrical resistance, magnetic domain width, etc. There are limits to the technique of controlling and improving the crystal orientation so as to reduce the hysteresis loss, so in recent years many proposals have been made of the art of subdivision of the magnetic domain width so as to reduce the eddy current loss accounting for most of the watt loss, that is, the art of magnetic domain control.
  • Japanese Patent Publication (B2) No. 6-19112 discloses a method of production of grain-oriented electrical sheet which uses YAG laser firing to introduce lines of strain substantially perpendicular to the rolling direction cyclically in the rolling direction and thereby reduce the watt loss.
  • the principle behind this method, called laser magnetic domain control is to use a laser beam to scan the surface and produce surface strain due to which the 180° magnetic domain width is subdivided and the watt loss is reduced.
  • Japanese Patent Publication (A) No. 2005-248291 makes a new proposal taking note of the maximum value of the rolling direction residual stress formed at the steel sheet surface.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide grain-oriented electrical sheet more superior in watt loss compared with the past by dividing the watt loss of grain-oriented electrical sheet into hysteresis loss and eddy current loss and, in particular from the viewpoint of the eddy current loss, quantitatively controlling the distribution of the strain and residual stress not only at the surface, but also inside in the sheet thickness direction under suitable conditions.
  • the inventors ran experiments on magnetic domain control introducing strain and residual stress into grain-oriented electrical sheet by laser firing etc. and engaged in in-depth research to investigate the distribution of residual stress introduced into the obtained low watt loss grain-oriented electrical sheet. As a result, the inventors discovered a correlation between the residual stress and eddy current loss and discovered that if controlling the compressive stress value and the strain pitch, it is possible to realize a grain-oriented electrical sheet superior in watt loss.
  • the gist of the present invention is as follows.
  • a grain-oriented electrical sheet as set forth in said (1) characterized in that a cyclic pitch in said rolling direction of the strain uniform in said sheet width direction due to firing of the laser beam is 2 mm to 8 mm.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus used for a method of production of a grain-oriented electrical sheet of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a two-dimensional distribution of a rolling direction residual stress near a laser firing position at a rolling direction/sheet thickness direction cross-section.
  • FIG. 3 is a view of a relationship between a maximum value of a rolling direction tensile residual stress and a watt loss W 17/50 .
  • FIG. 4 is a view of a relationship between a cumulative compressive stress value ⁇ S and an eddy current loss We (laser firing pitch of fixed 4 mm).
  • FIG. 5 is a view of a relationship between a cumulative compressive stress value ⁇ S and a watt loss W 17/50 (laser firing pitch of fixed 4 mm).
  • FIG. 6 is a view of a relationship between a laser firing pitch PL and a watt loss W 17/50 (rolling direction laser firing diameter DL of 0.1 mm and scan direction laser firing diameter DC of fixed 0.5 mm).
  • FIG. 7 is a view of a relationship between a maximum value of a rolling direction compressive residual stress and a watt loss W 17/50 .
  • the inventors took note of the two-dimensional distribution of rolling direction residual stress in the cross-section vertical to the sheet width direction and the rolling direction laser firing pitch for various laser firing conditions in the method of firing a laser at the surface of grain-oriented electrical sheet so as to introduce lines of strain substantially vertical to the rolling direction at a constant pitch in the rolling direction so as to improve the watt loss and discovered conditions by which grain-oriented electrical sheet superior in watt loss can be obtained.
  • the “sheet width direction” is a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
  • the method for introducing lines of strain like the above at the surface of grain-oriented electrical sheet, in addition to the laser firing method, ion injection, electrodischarge machining, local plating, ultrasonic vibration, etc. may be mentioned.
  • the conditions can be applied to grain-oriented electrical sheet introducing strain by any method.
  • drawings will be used to explain the grain-oriented electrical sheet obtained by laser firing of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the method of firing a laser beam according to the present invention.
  • the continuous wave (CW) laser beam LB output from the laser device 3 is used to scan a grain-oriented electrical sheet 1 using a polygonal mirror 4 and f ⁇ lens 5 .
  • the rolling direction focused diameter dl of the laser beam was changed.
  • 6 is a cylindrical lens or a plurality of cylindrical combination lenses.
  • the average firing energy density Ua [mJ/mm 2 ] is defined using the laser power P [W], sheet width direction scan speed Vc of the laser beam in the sheet width direction [m/s], and rolling direction laser firing pitch PL (mm) as
  • the laser scan speed is determined by the rotational speed of the polygonal mirror, so the average laser firing energy density can be adjusted by changing the laser power, polygonal mirror rotational speed, and laser firing pitch.
  • FIG. 1 is an example of use of one set of a laser and laser beam scan device. It is also possible to set a plurality of similar devices in the sheet width direction in accordance with the width of the steel sheet.
  • the inventors ran experiments using a 10 ⁇ m fiber core diameter continuous wave fiber laser device, changed the laser firing conditions while combining the focused spot shape and average laser firing energy density Ua in various ways, and made the laser beam scan the surface of the grain-oriented electrical sheet in lines in a direction substantially vertical to the rolling direction so as to laser it. They measured the two-dimensional distribution of the residual stress in the rolling direction in the cross-section vertical to the sheet width direction and the watt loss and hysteresis loss and divided the watt loss into hysteresis loss and eddy current loss for study.
  • the watt loss was measured as W 17/50 by an SST (Single Sheet Tester) measuring device.
  • W 17/50 is the watt loss at the time of a frequency of 50 Hz and a maximum magnetic flux density of 1.7 T.
  • the W 17/50 before laser firing was 0.86 W/kg.
  • the hysteresis loss was calculated by a hysteresis loop, while the eddy current was made the value of the watt loss minus the hysteresis loss.
  • FIG. 2 shows a typical example of the two-dimensional distribution of the compressive residual stress of the rolling direction occurring near the laser firing position in a cross-section vertical to the sheet width direction.
  • the width of the rolling direction in which the residual stress and plastic strain are present is substantially proportional to the rolling direction diameter dl of the focused spot of the laser.
  • the relationship between the maximum value of the tensile residual stress and the watt loss is shown in FIG. 3
  • the relationship between the maximum value of the compressive residual stress and the watt loss is shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the maximum value of the tensile residual stress no correlation with the watt loss or optimal value is seen.
  • the watt loss is good above the 100 MPa shown by the one-dot chain line, but the upper limit value is not clear.
  • the watt loss in magnetic domain control by laser firing cannot be explained by the maximum value of the tensile residual stress and cannot be completely explained even by the maximum value of the compressive residual stress.
  • the possibility of the presence of separate particularly fine amounts may be considered.
  • the inventors studied the data in detail and as a result noted, as a first point, that the maximum value of the tensile residual stress is greater than the compressive residual stress and the tensile residual stress concentrates in a narrow region, that depending on the firing conditions, the yield stress, that is, plastic strain region, is reached, that, on the other hand, some relationship was seen between the maximum value of the compressive residual stress and the watt loss, and, as a second point, even if the maximum value of the compressive residual stress is the same, there is a difference in the spread of the distribution of compressive residual stress in the depth direction.
  • ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ S ⁇ S ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ s ( 1 )
  • the cumulative compressive stress value ⁇ S [N] as the value of the stress ⁇ integrated in the region S where the rolling direction compressive residual stress is ⁇ [MPa]
  • the region in the cross-section in which there is compressive residual stress is S [mm 2 ]
  • the area element_is ds the cumulative compressive stress value is the sum of the compressive residual stress introduced by laser firing.
  • the inventors found the cumulative compressive stress by the above method for grain-oriented electrical sheet obtained by setting the rolling direction laser firing pitch PL at 4 mm (fixed), setting the shape of the laser focused spot at 20 ⁇ 2500 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ 500 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ 2000 ⁇ m, and 300 ⁇ 200 ⁇ m, and changing the laser power for each in stages for the laser firing. On the other hand, they subtracted the hysteresis loss from the watt loss measured for each to find the eddy current loss.
  • FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the two for each electrical sheet obtained by plotting the cumulative compressive stress value ⁇ S on the abscissa and the eddy current loss We on the ordinate.
  • the cumulative compressive stress value ⁇ S is smaller than 0.20 N, the eddy current loss is high, so the watt loss is not reduced. It is believed that, when the cumulative compressive stress value ⁇ S is larger than 0.80 N, the eddy current loss is reduced, but the hysteresis loss increases due to the plastic strain due to the tensile residual stress near the surface, so the watt loss is not reduced. In the above way, it is learned that if adjusting the cumulative compressive stress value ⁇ S to the range of
  • the rolling direction laser firing pitch PL was fixed at 4 mm, but the inventors further investigated the effects by changing the rolling direction laser firing pitch PL. At this time, they made the shape of the focused spot of the laser beam a rolling direction diameter of 0.1 mm and a scan direction (sheet width direction) diameter of 0.5 mm and adjusted Ua so that the cumulative compressive stress ⁇ S fell in the range of 0.20 N ⁇ S ⁇ 0.80 N.
  • FIG. 6 plots the rolling direction laser firing pitch PL on the abscissa and the watt loss W 17/50 on the ordinate and shows the relationship between the two. From the results, with a PL of 2 mm to 8 mm, a good watt loss of a watt loss improvement rate of 13% can be realized.
  • Example 1 was performed fixing the laser power at 200 W and the laser firing pitch in the rolling direction at 4 mm.
  • the cumulative compressive stress value was calculated by using the X-ray diffraction method to measure the rolling direction residual stress (strain) and finding the value with respect to the compressive stress by formula (2).
  • the electrical sheets shown in Test No. 1 to No. 8 all had a rolling direction cumulative compressive stress value ⁇ S in the range prescribed by the present invention, that is, 0.20 N ⁇ S ⁇ 0.80 N, so could be reduced in watt loss to a low watt loss value (W 17/50 ) of 0.75 W/kg, for a watt loss improvement rate of 13%, or less.
  • the electrical sheets shown in Test No. 9 to No. 12 outside the range of conditions 0.20 N ⁇ S ⁇ 0.80 N failed to achieve a low watt loss value (W 17/50 ) of 0.75 W/kg or less. In this way, if using the present invention, it is possible to obtain grain-oriented electrical sheet superior in watt loss.
  • Example 2 was performed fixing the laser power at 200 W the same as Example 1.
  • the electrical sheets shown in Test No. 1 to No. 6 all have a rolling direction cumulative compressive stress value ⁇ S and a rolling direction laser firing pitch (strain pitch) PL in the ranges prescribed in the present invention, that is, 0.20 N ⁇ S ⁇ 0.80 N and 2 mm ⁇ PL ⁇ 8 mm, so could be reduced in watt loss to a low watt loss value (W 17/50 ) of 0.75 W/kg, for a watt loss improvement rate of 13%, or less.
  • the present invention by quantitatively suitably controlling the residual stress introduced to the grain-oriented electrical sheet, in particular the compressive residual stress, it is possible to obtain to stably obtain grain-oriented electrical sheet superior in watt loss compared with the past. If using the grain-oriented electrical sheet of the present invention as an iron core, a high efficiency, small-sized transformer can be produced. The value of industrial application of the present invention is extremely high.

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US12/311,756 2006-10-23 2007-10-16 Grain-Oriented Electrical Sheet Superior in Watt Loss Abandoned US20090272464A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006287709A JP5613972B2 (ja) 2006-10-23 2006-10-23 鉄損特性の優れた一方向性電磁鋼板
JP2006-287709 2006-10-23
PCT/JP2007/070507 WO2008050700A1 (fr) 2006-10-23 2007-10-16 Tôle magnétique unidirectionnelle en acier présentant d'excellentes caractéristiques de pertes dans le fer

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EP (1) EP2083091B1 (pl)
JP (1) JP5613972B2 (pl)
KR (1) KR20090064419A (pl)
CN (1) CN101528951B (pl)
BR (1) BRPI0717360B1 (pl)
PL (1) PL2083091T3 (pl)
RU (1) RU2400542C1 (pl)
TW (1) TW200831676A (pl)
WO (1) WO2008050700A1 (pl)

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US10026533B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2018-07-17 Jfe Steel Corporation Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for iron core and method of manufacturing the same
US10961597B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2021-03-30 Exteotar, S.A. Method and system for laser hardening of a surface of a workpiece
CN114746563A (zh) * 2019-12-25 2022-07-12 杰富意钢铁株式会社 方向性电磁钢板及其制造方法

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RU2501866C1 (ru) * 2012-11-23 2013-12-20 Владимир Иванович Пудов Способ улучшения магнитных свойств анизотропной электротехнической стали лазерной обработкой
JP6191640B2 (ja) * 2014-03-27 2017-09-06 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 無方向性電磁鋼板の評価方法および製造方法
RU2661977C1 (ru) * 2014-07-03 2018-07-23 Ниппон Стил Энд Сумитомо Метал Корпорейшн Устройство лазерной обработки
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US11961659B2 (en) * 2018-03-30 2024-04-16 Jfe Steel Corporation Iron core for transformer
JP2021163942A (ja) * 2020-04-03 2021-10-11 日本製鉄株式会社 巻鉄芯、巻鉄芯の製造方法および巻鉄芯製造装置
JP7372549B2 (ja) * 2020-04-03 2023-11-01 日本製鉄株式会社 巻鉄芯、巻鉄芯の製造方法および巻鉄芯製造装置
US20240233991A1 (en) * 2021-05-31 2024-07-11 Jfe Steel Corporation Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet
WO2022255014A1 (ja) * 2021-05-31 2022-12-08 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 方向性電磁鋼板
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US10026533B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2018-07-17 Jfe Steel Corporation Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for iron core and method of manufacturing the same
US10961597B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2021-03-30 Exteotar, S.A. Method and system for laser hardening of a surface of a workpiece
US11898214B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2024-02-13 Etxe-Tar, S.A. Method and system for heat treating a workpiece
WO2016146646A1 (en) 2015-03-17 2016-09-22 Ikergune A.I.E. Method and system for heat treatment of sheet metal
US10864603B2 (en) 2015-03-17 2020-12-15 Ikergune A.I.E. Method and system for heat treatment of sheet metal
CN114746563A (zh) * 2019-12-25 2022-07-12 杰富意钢铁株式会社 方向性电磁钢板及其制造方法

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EP2083091B1 (en) 2020-12-02
RU2400542C1 (ru) 2010-09-27
TWI372786B (pl) 2012-09-21
JP2008106288A (ja) 2008-05-08
CN101528951A (zh) 2009-09-09
PL2083091T3 (pl) 2021-06-14
WO2008050700A1 (fr) 2008-05-02
TW200831676A (en) 2008-08-01
CN101528951B (zh) 2010-12-29
BRPI0717360B1 (pt) 2014-11-04
EP2083091A1 (en) 2009-07-29
BRPI0717360A2 (pt) 2011-11-08
KR20090064419A (ko) 2009-06-18
JP5613972B2 (ja) 2014-10-29
EP2083091A4 (en) 2012-07-25

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