US20090239131A1 - Electrochemical energy cell system - Google Patents

Electrochemical energy cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090239131A1
US20090239131A1 US11/654,380 US65438007A US2009239131A1 US 20090239131 A1 US20090239131 A1 US 20090239131A1 US 65438007 A US65438007 A US 65438007A US 2009239131 A1 US2009239131 A1 US 2009239131A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
halogen
cell
flow
positive electrode
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Abandoned
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US11/654,380
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English (en)
Inventor
Richard Otto Winter
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Primus Power Corp
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Primus Power Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Primus Power Corp filed Critical Primus Power Corp
Priority to US11/654,380 priority Critical patent/US20090239131A1/en
Priority to CN2008800030673A priority patent/CN101803087B/zh
Priority to EP08727706.7A priority patent/EP2109913B1/fr
Priority to CA2675434A priority patent/CA2675434C/fr
Priority to KR1020097016572A priority patent/KR101580865B1/ko
Priority to US12/523,146 priority patent/US8039161B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2008/051111 priority patent/WO2008089205A2/fr
Priority to AU2008206321A priority patent/AU2008206321B2/en
Priority to JP2009545732A priority patent/JP5503293B2/ja
Priority to IL199858A priority patent/IL199858A/en
Priority to US12/458,853 priority patent/US8114541B2/en
Publication of US20090239131A1 publication Critical patent/US20090239131A1/en
Assigned to PRIMUS POWER CORPORATION reassignment PRIMUS POWER CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WINTER, RICK
Priority to US13/226,573 priority patent/US8415042B2/en
Priority to US13/357,270 priority patent/US8236445B2/en
Priority to US13/540,892 priority patent/US8268480B1/en
Priority to US13/845,330 priority patent/US8956745B2/en
Priority to JP2014051091A priority patent/JP5756875B2/ja
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0472—Vertically superposed cells with vertically disposed plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/138—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings adapted for specific cells, e.g. electrochemical cells operating at high temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/70—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
    • H01M50/77—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte with external circulating path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
    • H01M12/085—Zinc-halogen cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to metal halogen electrochemical energy systems.
  • One type of electrochemical energy system uses a halogen component for reduction at a normally positive electrode, and an oxidizable metal adapted to become oxidized at a normally negative electrode during the normal dispatch of the electrochemical system.
  • An aqueous electrolyte is used to replenish the supply of halogen component as it becomes reduced at the positive electrode.
  • the electrolyte contains the dissolved ions of the oxidized metal and reduced halogen and is circulated between the electrode area and a reservoir area and an elemental halogen injection and mixing area, to be consumed at the positive electrode.
  • One example of such a system uses zinc and chlorine system.
  • the invention attempts to address some or all of these weaknesses and disadvantages.
  • the invention is not limited to embodiments that do, in fact, address these weaknesses and disadvantages.
  • metal halogen electrochemical energy cell systems preferably include at least at least one positive and at least one negative electrode, a reaction zone between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, at least one electrolyte that includes a metal and a halogen, and a circulation pump that conveys the electrolyte through the reaction zone, wherein the electrolyte and a halogen reactant are mixed before, at, or after the pump.
  • the positive electrode is made of porous carbonaceous material
  • the negative electrode is made of zinc
  • the metal include zinc
  • the halogen includes chlorine
  • the electrolyte includes an aqueous zinc-chloride electrolyte
  • the halogen reactant includes a chlorine reactant.
  • One effect of this arrangement is generation of an electrical potential.
  • a preferred embodiment further includes a mixing venture that mixes the electrolyte and the halogen reactant, as well as a metering valve or positive displacement pump that controls flow of the halogen reactant to the mixing venturi.
  • a flow of the electrolyte preferably undergoes concurrent first, second, and third order binary splits before being conveyed through the reaction zone, thereby providing a same flow resistance for different paths to the reaction zone.
  • Preferred embodiments of the systems also include a reservoir from which the electrolyte is conveyed by the circulation pump to the cell and to which the electrolyte returns from the cell, an upward-flowing electrolyte return manifold to facilitate purging of gas from the cell, and a return pipe through which the electrolyte returns from the cell to the reservoir.
  • the halogen reactant preferably is supplied from an external source and preferably is supplied under pressure.
  • external refers to external to the system. An enthalpy of expansion of the halogen from the external source tends to act to cool the system.
  • the halogen reactant can be supplied from a source internal to the system.
  • the systems preferably include plural such cells, each of which is horizontal and plural of which are stacked vertically in the system. Vertical steps in cell geometry tend to result in interrupted electrolyte flow paths within each of the plural cells, thereby interrupting shunt currents that otherwise would continue to occur after electrolyte flow stops.
  • the plural cells preferably include plural cell frames.
  • the cell frames can be circular to facilitate insertion of the plural cells into a pressure containment vessel.
  • the preferred form of the cell frames each include a feed manifold element, distribution channels, flow splitting nodes, spacer ledges, flow merging nodes, collection channels, and a return manifold element. When cell frames having this form are stacked, these structures form additional structures within the system. In particular:
  • the cell frames can include bypass conduit elements for fluid flow and electrical wires or cables and preferably provide a pass-through for an alignment and clamping element to align and to hold the cell frames together.
  • the invention is not limited to systems with cells that include cell frames.
  • preferred embodiments of the systems include a feed manifold and a distribution zone for the electrolyte to the plural cells, and a collection zone and a return manifold for the electrolyte from the plural cells.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode in each cell preferably are arranged to maintain contact with a pool of electrolyte in each cell when electrolyte flow stops and the feed manifold, distribution zone, collection zone, and return manifold drain.
  • a balancing voltage can be applied to inhibit electrochemical reactions and thereby maintain system availability when the system is in a standby or stasis mode.
  • a blocking diode also can be applied to output terminals of the system to inhibit reverse current flow within the system.
  • aqueous electrolyte is sucked up from a reservoir and through a mixing venturi where halogen such as elemental chlorine is metered into an electrolyte.
  • the halogen mixes with and dissolves into the electrolyte while its latent heat of liquefaction also cools the mixture.
  • the cooled and halogenated aqueous electrolyte passes through the pump and is delivered to positive electrodes in a stack assembly.
  • the positive electrodes preferably are made of porous carbonaceous material such as porous graphite-chlorine. The electrolyte passes through the positive electrodes, reducing the dissolved halogen.
  • the halogen-ion rich electrolyte then passes by one or more a negative electrode preferably made of a metal such as zinc, where electrode dissolution occurs. These reactions yield power from the electrode stack terminals and metal-halogen is formed in the electrolyte by reaction of the metal and the halogen.
  • the invention also encompasses processes performed by embodiments of the metal halogen electrochemical energy cell system according to the invention, as well as other systems and processes.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a metal halogen electrochemical energy cell system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates flow paths of an electrolyte through the cell plates of an embodiment of the system illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates cell frames that can be used in the system illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a metal halogen electrochemical energy cell system according to the invention.
  • One embodiment of the invention that attempts to address some or all of these weaknesses and disadvantages is a metal halogen electrochemical energy cell system.
  • This embodiment includes at least at least one positive and at least one negative electrode, a reaction zone between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, at least one electrolyte that includes a metal and a halogen, and a circulation pump that conveys the electrolyte through the reaction zone.
  • the electrolyte and a halogen reactant can be mixed before, at, or after the pump, for example using a mixing venture.
  • the positive electrode is made of porous carbonaceous material
  • the negative electrode is made of zinc
  • the metal include zinc
  • the halogen includes chlorine
  • the electrolyte includes an aqueous zinc-chloride electrolyte
  • the halogen reactant includes a chlorine reactant.
  • One effect of this arrangement is generation of an electrical potential.
  • aqueous electrolyte is sucked up from a reservoir and through a mixing venturi where halogen such as elemental chlorine is metered into an electrolyte.
  • the halogen mixes with and dissolves into the electrolyte while its latent heat of liquefaction also cools the mixture.
  • the cooled and halogenated aqueous electrolyte passes through the pump and is delivered to positive electrodes in a stack assembly.
  • the positive electrodes preferably are made of porous carbonaceous material such as porous graphite-chlorine. The electrolyte passes through the positive electrodes, reducing the dissolved halogen.
  • the halogen-ion rich electrolyte then passes by one or more a negative electrode preferably made of a metal such as zinc, where electrode dissolution occurs. These reactions yield power from the electrode stack terminals and metal-halogen is formed in the electrolyte by reaction of the metal and the halogen.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrochemical energy system housed in containment vessel 11 designed to achieve the foregoing.
  • the system in FIG. 2 includes two basic parts: stack assembly 12 and reservoir 19 , as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Stack assembly 12 is made up of a plurality of cells or cell assemblies 13 that include at least one positive porous electrode and at least one negative metal electrode.
  • the cells preferably are stacked vertically.
  • Pressurized halogen reactant is supplied via feed pipe 15 from a source external to the system through metering valve 17 to mixing venturi 18 .
  • Circulation pump 16 circulates the electrolyte from reservoir 19 through mixing venturi 18 , through stack assembly 12 , and back to reservoir 19 through a return pipe. It should be noted that some halogen reactant could be left in the electrolyte when it returns back to the reservoir from the cell.
  • the porous electrodes include carbonaceous material, the metal includes zinc, the metal electrode includes zinc, the halogen includes chlorine, the electrolyte includes an aqueous zinc-chloride electrolyte, and the halogen reactant includes a chlorine reactant.
  • halogen reactant can be supplied from an internal source instead of or in addition to an external source.
  • the mixing venture can be replaced with a different type of mixing element, and the metering valve can be replaced with a different type of metering element such as a positive displacement pump.
  • this arrangement results in cells that each has an electrical potential of two volts, giving a stack arrangement with 21 cells a potential of 42 volts.
  • An enthalpy of expansion of the halogen from the external source preferably cools the system. Thus, a strong potential can be provided without generating excessive heat.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates flow paths of an electrolyte through the cell plates of an embodiment of the system illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the electrolyte flow paths 28 are represented by arrows. These paths are from feed manifold 21 , to distribution zone 22 , through porous electrodes 23 , over metal electrodes 25 , to collection zone 26 , through return manifold 27 , and to return pipe 29 .
  • the electrolyte preferably is conveyed by the circulation pump from the reservoir to these paths and returns from these paths to the reservoir.
  • the return manifold preferably is upward-flowing return manifold, which can facilitate purging of gas from the cell during electrolyte flow.
  • membranes 24 on a bottom of metal electrodes 25 screen the flows of electrolyte from contacting the metal electrodes before passing through the porous electrodes.
  • These membranes preferably are plastic membranes secured to bottoms of the metal electrodes with adhesive. Other types of membranes secured in other ways also can be used. Alternatively, the membranes could be omitted.
  • the porous electrode and the metal electrode in each cell are arranged to maintain contact with a pool of electrolyte in each cell when electrolyte flow stops and the feed manifold, distribution zone, collection zone, and return manifold drain.
  • the vertically stacked cells and the geometry of the cells result in flow paths of the electrolyte within each of the plural cells that tend to interrupt shunt currents that otherwise would occur when electrolyte flow stops. These shunt currents are not desired because they can lead to reactions between the plates that corrode the metal plates without generating any usable potential.
  • the electrolyte mixed with the halogen reactant preferably undergoes concurrent first, second, and third order splits to provide a same flow resistance for different paths to the porous electrode.
  • “concurrent” indicates that splits are aligned with other splits of the same order. Each split preferably divides the flow by two, although this need not be the case.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates one possible cell design that can achieve these splits.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a cell design that uses cell frames to achieve the structures and flows shown in FIG. 2 .
  • These cell frames preferably include feed manifold element 31 , distribution channels 32 , flow splitting nodes 33 , spacer ledge 35 , flow merging nodes 36 , collection channels 37 , return manifold element 38 , and bypass conduit elements 34 .
  • the cell frames preferably are circular to facilitate insertion of the plural cells into a pressure containment vessel such as vessel 11 .
  • each of the cell frames also provides a pass-through for an alignment and clamping element to align and to hold the cell frames together.
  • the cell frame based design facilitates low-loss electrolyte flow with uniform distribution, bipolar electrical design, ease of manufacture, internal bypass paths, and elements by which the operational stasis mode (described below) can be achieved.
  • Innovations of the cell frame include, but are not limited to, the flow-splitting design in the distribution zone that include first, second, and third order splits in the flow channels to deliver eight feed channels per cell to the reaction zone. This design attempts to ensure that each outlet to the reaction zone passes through the same length of channels, the same number and radius of bends, with laminar flow throughout and uniform laminar flow prior to each split.
  • the design encourages division of flow volume equally, independent of flow velocity, uniformity of viscosity, or uniformity of density in the electrolyte.
  • the same types of structures and flows i.e., those shown in FIG. 2
  • the energy cell system according to the invention preferably Cell has three modes of operation: Off Mode, Power Mode, and Stasis Mode. These modes are described below in the context of a zinc-chlorine system. However, the modes also can be implemented using other metal-halogen systems.
  • Off Mode is typically used for storage or transportation. During Off Mode, the circulation pump is off. A small amount of elemental chlorine in the stack assembly is reduced and combined with zinc ions to form zinc-chloride.
  • the stack terminals preferably are connected via a shorting resistor, yielding a stack potential of zero volts.
  • a blocking diode preferably is used to help inhibit reverse current flow through the system via any external voltage sources.
  • the electrolyte circulation pump is engaged.
  • the catholyte i.e., electrolyte
  • the catholyte i.e., electrolyte
  • the stack assembly containing the zinc anode plates. Electrons are released as zinc ions are formed and captured as chlorine ions are formed, preferably with an electrical potential of 2.02 volts per cell, thereby creating electrical power from the terminals of the collector plates preferably located at each end of the stack assembly.
  • the demand for power from the system consumes chlorine and reduces pressure within the reservoir, causing the metering valve to release higher-pressure chlorine into the mixing venturi. This design feature aids both in speeding the dissolving of chlorine gas into the electrolyte, and uniformly cooling the electrolyte without risk of freezing at the injection point.
  • the injection rate preferably is determined by the electrochemical reaction rates within the stack assembly.
  • the metering valve and the circulation pump preferably provide sufficient response speed to match rapidly changing instantaneous power demands. As the compressed chlorine is released into the system, its enthalpy of expansion should absorb sufficient heat to maintain the energy cell within thermal operating limits.
  • the availability of the system preferably is maintained via a balancing voltage that is applied to maintain system availability. This balancing voltage tends to prevent self-discharge by maintaining a precise electrical potential on the cell stack to counteract the electrochemical reaction forces that can arise with the circulation pump off, thereby inhibiting electrochemical reactions and maintaining system availability.
  • the particular design of the cell plates tends to interrupt shunt currents that would otherwise flow through the feed and return manifolds, while maintaining cell-to-cell electrical continuity through the bipolar electrode plates.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
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US11/654,380 2007-01-16 2007-01-16 Electrochemical energy cell system Abandoned US20090239131A1 (en)

Priority Applications (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/654,380 US20090239131A1 (en) 2007-01-16 2007-01-16 Electrochemical energy cell system
CN2008800030673A CN101803087B (zh) 2007-01-16 2008-01-16 电化学能电池系统
EP08727706.7A EP2109913B1 (fr) 2007-01-16 2008-01-16 Système de pile électrochimique
CA2675434A CA2675434C (fr) 2007-01-16 2008-01-16 Systeme de pile electrochimique
KR1020097016572A KR101580865B1 (ko) 2007-01-16 2008-01-16 전기화학 에너지 전지 시스템
US12/523,146 US8039161B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2008-01-16 Metal halogen electrochemical cell system
PCT/US2008/051111 WO2008089205A2 (fr) 2007-01-16 2008-01-16 Système de pile électrochimique
AU2008206321A AU2008206321B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2008-01-16 Electrochemical energy cell system
JP2009545732A JP5503293B2 (ja) 2007-01-16 2008-01-16 電気化学エネルギーセルシステム
IL199858A IL199858A (en) 2007-01-16 2009-07-14 Cellular system for the supply of electromechanical energy
US12/458,853 US8114541B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2009-07-24 Electrochemical energy generation system
US13/226,573 US8415042B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2011-09-07 Metal halogen electrochemical cell system
US13/357,270 US8236445B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2012-01-24 Electrochemical energy system
US13/540,892 US8268480B1 (en) 2007-01-16 2012-07-03 Electrochemical energy system
US13/845,330 US8956745B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2013-03-18 Metal halogen electrochemical cell system
JP2014051091A JP5756875B2 (ja) 2007-01-16 2014-03-14 電気化学エネルギーセルシステム

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/654,380 US20090239131A1 (en) 2007-01-16 2007-01-16 Electrochemical energy cell system

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US12/523,146 Continuation US8039161B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2008-01-16 Metal halogen electrochemical cell system
PCT/US2008/051111 Continuation WO2008089205A2 (fr) 2007-01-16 2008-01-16 Système de pile électrochimique
US52314609A Continuation 2007-01-16 2009-07-14

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US20090239131A1 true US20090239131A1 (en) 2009-09-24

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US11/654,380 Abandoned US20090239131A1 (en) 2007-01-16 2007-01-16 Electrochemical energy cell system
US12/523,146 Active 2027-07-22 US8039161B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2008-01-16 Metal halogen electrochemical cell system
US13/226,573 Active US8415042B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2011-09-07 Metal halogen electrochemical cell system
US13/845,330 Active US8956745B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2013-03-18 Metal halogen electrochemical cell system

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US12/523,146 Active 2027-07-22 US8039161B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2008-01-16 Metal halogen electrochemical cell system
US13/226,573 Active US8415042B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2011-09-07 Metal halogen electrochemical cell system
US13/845,330 Active US8956745B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2013-03-18 Metal halogen electrochemical cell system

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US (4) US20090239131A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2109913B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP5503293B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101580865B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101803087B (fr)
AU (1) AU2008206321B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2675434C (fr)
IL (1) IL199858A (fr)
WO (1) WO2008089205A2 (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US20100021805A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2010-01-28 Primus Power Corporation Electrochemical energy generation system
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JP5503293B2 (ja) 2014-05-28
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US8039161B2 (en) 2011-10-18
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US8415042B2 (en) 2013-04-09
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AU2008206321A1 (en) 2008-07-24
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CA2675434C (fr) 2016-05-17
US20100009243A1 (en) 2010-01-14
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US20130280629A1 (en) 2013-10-24
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