US20090232933A1 - Feed additive composition for ruminants and method of producing the same - Google Patents

Feed additive composition for ruminants and method of producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090232933A1
US20090232933A1 US12/409,132 US40913209A US2009232933A1 US 20090232933 A1 US20090232933 A1 US 20090232933A1 US 40913209 A US40913209 A US 40913209A US 2009232933 A1 US2009232933 A1 US 2009232933A1
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Prior art keywords
additive composition
feed additive
ruminants
composition according
ruminant
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Abandoned
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US12/409,132
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English (en)
Inventor
Hidetsugu Nakazawa
Hiroyuki Sato
Yuki Miyazawa
Susumu Shibahara
Sachiko Oka
Yumi Goto
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Ajinomoto Co Inc
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Ajinomoto Co Inc
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Assigned to AJINOMOTO CO., INC. reassignment AJINOMOTO CO., INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OKA, SACHIKO, NAKAZAWA, HIDETSUGU, SHIBAHARA, SUSUMU, GOTO, YUMI, MIYAZAWA, YUKI, SATO, HIROYUKI
Publication of US20090232933A1 publication Critical patent/US20090232933A1/en
Priority to US13/709,194 priority Critical patent/US9173420B2/en
Priority to US14/316,828 priority patent/US9241503B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A23K40/35—Making capsules specially adapted for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to feed additive compositions for ruminants, in particular, feed additive compositions for ruminants which are capable of bypassing the rumen in lactating cows.
  • the present invention also relates to methods of producing the same.
  • the present invention further relates to methods of raising ruminants and methods of making products derived from ruminants.
  • the main nutrients that supplement the feed for ruminants as nutrients are amino acids.
  • the solubility of amino acids varies with the type of amino acid, and according to the Handbook of Amino acids, published by Kogyo Chosakai Publishing Co., Ltd., 2003, the solubilities (g/dl) in water at 0° C., 20° C., 40° C., and 50° C.
  • L-lysine monohydrochloride which is one of the basic amino acids
  • L-methionine are 3.0, 4.8, (6.5), and 7.3, respectively
  • L-isoleucine are 3.8, (4.0), (4.5), and 4.8, respectively (the values inside the parentheses are extrapolated values in the solubility curves).
  • L-methionine has low solubility in water
  • L-lysine monohydrochloride is easily soluble in water such that the solubility is some ten-fold the solubility of L-methionine, and thus is easily eluted from the preparation to the rumen juice. Therefore, it is an especially important issue to prevent elution of basic amino acids, particularly L-lysine monohydrochloride which is generally used in the form of hydrochloride, to the rumen juice, and exploitation thereof by microorganisms.
  • a dispersion type preparation in which the nutrients and protective agents are kneaded together.
  • amino acids are partially exposed at the preparation surface, and thus when the amino acids are in contact with the rumen juice at pH 6 to 8, the amino acids are prone to be eluted. Therefore, it is difficult to say that prevention of the loss of amino acids in the rumen, particularly basic amino acids, is sufficiently accomplished.
  • formulation is carried out using a variety of protective agents so as to reduce the loss of amino acids from the preparations, and as a result, a problem arises that the contents of amino acids in the preparations become relatively scarce.
  • dispersion type preparations containing amino acids in an amount exceeding 40% by weight.
  • a coated type preparation formed by using the dispersion type preparation as a core, and further coating the core with a coating agent to encapsulate the dispersion type preparation.
  • the amino acids are relatively stable in the rumen juice, but the preparations have a defect in terms of production, such that the production process becomes complicated compared to the production process of dispersed type preparations, and thus more processes are needed.
  • JP-B Japanese Patent Application Publication (JP-B) No. 49-45224 describes the production of dispersion type granules having a size of several millimeters or less, using a mixture of oils and fats having a melting point of 40° C. or higher and oils and fats having a melting point of 40° C. or lower as a protective agent, by dispersing amino acids or peptides in the mixture, and injecting the mixture into water of 20° C. to 40° C. through nozzles having a diameter of 0.8 to several millimeters.
  • JP-B Japanese Patent Application Publication
  • 49-45224 also describes the production of granules containing 30 to 40% of L-methionine or L-isoleucine as the amino acid, which both have low solubility in water; however, there is no description on the production of granules containing L-lysine monohydrochloride, which has high solubility in water.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2005-312380 describes a method of producing a dispersion type rumen bypassing agent by solidifying a mixture containing hardened oil and lecithin as protective agents, and saturated or unsaturated fatty acid monocarboxylates having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, into spheres having a diameter of 0.5 to 3 mm, by an air prilling method which sprays the mixture into air at a liquefaction temperature of the protective agents, which is from 50 to 90° C.
  • 2005-312380 also describes that a rumen bypassing agent containing 40.0% by weight of L-lysine monohydrochloride can be produced by means of the aforementioned production method.
  • JP-A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2005-312380 does not describe a preparation containing L-lysine monohydrochloride at a high content which exceeds 40% by weight. Furthermore, although the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No.
  • 2005-312380 has a feature wherein small spherical granules having a diameter of 3 mm or less with a relatively well established granularity are obtainable, there is a defect that since the granules are small particles, the granules are likely to escape through dry fodder and be sorted out when mixed into feedstuff.
  • JP-A No. 2006-141270 describes that L-lysine monohydrochloride was coated with a coating composition including (A) hardened oil, (B) lecithin and (C) an antiseptic, and thus a dispersion type rumen bypassing agent for ruminants containing (C) in an amount of 0.01 to 2.0% by weight was obtained. Furthermore, in Table 1 of JP-A No. 2006-141270, particles containing 37.5% by weight of L-lysine monohydrochloride are described. However, the method described in JP-A No. 2006-141270 utilizes the air prilling method which sprays a mixture into air with an extruder as in the case of the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No.
  • JP-A No. 63-317053 describes a coated type feed additive for ruminants, wherein a core containing a biologically active substance comprised of L-lysine monohydrochloride and other excipients or binders is coated with at least one selected from fatty acid monocarboxylic acids including lecithin and glycerin fatty acid esters, hardened oils, and beeswax/waxes.
  • the content of L-lysine monohydrochloride in the core was 65% by weight, but when the coating layer which occupies 20 to 30% by weight in the final preparation is also included, the content of L-lysine monohydrochloride in the preparation becomes 52 to 39% by weight.
  • JP-A No. 5-23114 also describes a coated type feed additive composition for ruminants, wherein cylindrical granules produced by extruding a mixture containing a biologically active substance such as L-lysine monohydrochloride through a screen are rendered to be spherically shaped and used as a core, and this core is coated with a composition including one member selected from aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, hardened oils, beeswax and waxes, and lecithin and an inorganic salt which is stable under neutral conditions and soluble in acidic conditions.
  • JP-A No. 5-23114 also describes a preparation containing L-lysine monohydrochloride in the core in an amount of 50% by weight.
  • coated type preparations are indeed advantageous in view of containing large amounts of biologically active ingredients, however, since their production includes first making a core containing a biologically active ingredient, and further coating this core with a coating agent, the production is achieved not in a continuous mode but in a batch mode, therefore, an increase in the number of production processes is unavoidable.
  • the biologically active substance when the biologically active substance is exposed at the surface by the grinding or damage due to mastication of lactating cows, the resistance to degradation in rumen juice is lowered, and in order to avoid such lowering, the particle size is controlled to be several mm or less, or to 3 mm or less.
  • a preparation having such a dimension is sorted out when mixed into the feedstuff.
  • the present invention also relates to methods of producing the same.
  • it is another object of the present invention to develop a dispersion type feed additive composition for ruminants containing a basic amino acid which is a biologically active substance in an amount of 40% by weight or more and less than 65% by weight, and a method of producing the same, and more particularly, to develop granules which have rumen bypass properties, can accelerate the milk yield and production of lactating cows by releasing the biologically active substance into the small intestine of the ruminants at high concentrations, and can be made to have an arbitrary shape which is difficult to be sorted out even when added to feedstuff; and a production method of efficiently and continuously producing the granules.
  • water in a feed additive composition for ruminants contributes to the stability of the composition in a high temperature environment, and that in order to make granules to be arbitrarily shaped and to enhance the productivity, when a feed composition containing a biologically active substance is heated to melt while being extruded by a screw in a cylinder of an extrusion granulator (extruder), and the discharged molten mixture is allowed to fall into water from a certain height, granules of a solidified mixture may be obtained.
  • a feed additive composition for ruminants including at least one protective agent selected from a hardened vegetable oil and a hardened animal oil having a melting point higher than 50° C. and lower than 90° C., 0.05 to 6% by weight of lecithin, 40% by weight or more and less than 65% by weight of a basic amino acid, and water.
  • a method of producing a feed additive composition for ruminants comprising a process of preparing a molten mixture formed from at least one protective agent selected from a hardened vegetable oil and a hardened animal oil having a melting point higher than 50° C. and lower than 90° C., lecithin and a basic amino acid; and a process of obtaining a solidified mixture by immersing the molten mixture into water.
  • a process for raising a ruminant comprising:
  • a process for making meat comprising:
  • a process for making milk comprising:
  • a process for making a dairy product comprising:
  • a process for making wool comprising:
  • a process for making leather comprising:
  • the feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention has a resistance to degradation in rumen juice and dissolubility in the small intestine, and can carry high contents of basic amino acids efficiently and in large quantities to the small intestine of lactating cows. Therefore, the lactating cows can absorb large quantities of amino acids as nutrients, and enhancement of the milk yield and production is made possible.
  • the method of producing a feed additive composition for ruminants involves, for example, retaining a molten mixture produced with an extruder temporarily in a multi-hole shooter, and allowing this mixture to fall through a plurality of holes provided at the bottom of the multi-hole shooter, and thus it is possible to enhance the amount of production of the feed additive composition in accordance with the capacity of the extruder.
  • the shape of the granules of the composition produced can be made into various shapes such as a spherical shape, a granular shape, a pellet shape or a shape of pressed barley, due to the energy of impacting the water surface.
  • the feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention includes granules having a shape which is easily ground by the mastication of lactating cows, but the feed additive composition is stable in the rumen juice, irrespective of the shape. Also, since the feed additive composition has a high content of basic amino acids which are biologically active substances, it is possible to obtain high quality granules which are capable of releasing more basic amino acids, which are biologically active substances, from the granules in the small intestine of lactating cows.
  • the composition of the present invention has a surface layer part which has certain water repellency, and therefore, even in the case where the composition is exposed to the rumen juice, elution of the basic amino acids from the composition is effectively prevented, and a high resistance to degradation in rumen juice can be maintained.
  • a heating treatment on the mixture according to the present invention which has been solidified by immersing a molten mixture into water, the water repellent power of the surface layer part of the composition can be increased, and a feed additive composition for ruminants having a resistance to degradation in rumen juice can be attained.
  • the difficulty of nutrients to be eluted from a feed composition when the feed composition containing the nutrients is exposed to the rumen juice of a ruminant is referred to as a resistance to degradation in rumen juice, and this is indicated as a proportion (protection ratio %) of basic amino acids in a feed composition, which are not eluted after the composition has been placed in an artificial rumen juice under predetermined conditions.
  • rumen bypass property the property of nutrients contained in a feed composition that reach the intestines without being eluted to the rumen of a ruminant is referred to as rumen bypass property, and this is indicated as the product of the content (% by weight) of the basic amino acids in the feed composition and the protection rate (small intestine arrival rate %) mentioned previously.
  • Both the resistance to degradation in rumen juice and the rumen bypass property are used to represent the characteristics of a feed composition which is capable of efficiently supplying basic amino acids to ruminants.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the moisture content (% by weight) and the protection rate [A] (%);
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the lecithin content in the feed composition and the elution rate of L-lysine monohydrochloride from the feed.
  • the feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention contains at least one protective agent selected from a hardened vegetable oil and a hardened animal oil having a melting point higher than 50° C. and lower than 90° C., 0.05 to 6% by weight of lecithin, water, and 40% by weight or more and less than 65% by weight of a basic amino acid.
  • the basic amino acid used in the present invention includes free basic amino acids as well as physiologically acceptable salts thereof, for example, hydrochlorides or sulfates.
  • Suitable examples of the basic amino acid include L-lysine, L-arginine, L-ornithine, and salts thereof.
  • a basic amino acid which is considered to be the most important in the enhancement of milk yield in lactating cows is L-lysine, and typically, the crystals of L-lysine monohydrochloride are used, which also constitute the most preferred example in the present invention.
  • the basic amino acid commercially available products may be used as it is or after being pulverized, to be mixed with other raw materials.
  • the pulverized crystals of the basic amino acid prefferably have an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 50 to 75 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle size as used herein means a median diameter.
  • the heating and melting temperature of hardened oil in the extruder is 100° C. or lower, and because L-lysine monohydrochloride having a melting point of 263° C. does not melt, the feed additive composition in the extruder is in fact in a slurry state even though referred to be in a molten state.
  • the content of the basic amino acid is, in terms of L-lysine monohydrochloride, 40% by weight or more and less than 65% by weight, and more preferably 40% by weight or more and 60% by weight or less (32 to 52% by weight in terms of free L-lysine).
  • the feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention may also contain, in addition to the basic amino acids, methionine, threonine, tryptophan and other amino acids which may be added to the feed for ruminants, and in particular, incorporation of methionine is preferable.
  • the at least one protective agent selected from a hardened vegetable oil and a hardened animal oil having a melting point higher than 50° C. and lower than 90° C. hardened vegetable oils such as hardened soybean oil, hardened rapeseed oil, hardened groundnut oil, hardened olive oil, hardened cottonseed oil, and hardened palm oil, are preferably used. In addition to these, it is also possible to use beeswax, waxes and the like. The content of these substances in the feed additive composition is more than 23% by weight and less than 60% by weight.
  • the content of lecithin in the feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention is 0.05 to 6% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight, and particularly preferably 1 to 2% by weight. Since L-lysine monohydrochloride has a melting point of 263° C., the substance does not melt at 50 to 90° C., which is the melting temperature of the protective agent according to the present invention, and exists as hydrophilic particles in the state of being mixed with the protective agent.
  • the surface of L-lysine monohydrochloride is modified by using lecithin, which is an anionic surfactant, and the L-lysine monohydrochloride is homogeneously dispersed so as not to be localized in the molten hardened oil. It is considered that even when basic amino acids are present at the surface of the produced granules, since the surface has been modified with lecithin, the basic amino acids are relatively stable and have a resistance to degradation in rumen juice even upon a contact with the rumen juice.
  • the presence of water in the feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention influences the storage stability of the product, and consequently, it greatly affects the resistance to degradation in rumen juice. If the storage environment is at a low temperature of 10° C. or lower, the feed additive composition for ruminants is relatively stable irrespective of the content of water contained therein. However, in the case where the composition is exposed to a severe environment in which the temperature of the storage environment exceeds 40° C., if the moisture content in the feed additive composition for ruminants is decreased, the resistance to rumen juice of the basic amino acids tends to decrease. Also, if the moisture content exceeds 6% by weight, the tendency of the decrease of resistance to rumen juice is recognized.
  • the feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention to contain moisture in a proportion of 0.01 to 6% by weight, preferably 2 to 6% by weight, more preferably 2.5 to 6% by weight, and particularly preferably 3 to 6% by weight.
  • the granules of the feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention are characterized by having the above-mentioned moisture content, and at the same time, maintaining certain water repellency.
  • the water repellency of the granules as stated in the present invention means the difficulty of moisture to infiltrate into the granule surface layer part, which property is obtained by immersing the granules in an aqueous solution having an appropriate water-soluble colorant such as red food colorant (Food Colorant No. 102) dissolved therein, for a certain time period, and the difference in the chromaticity ( ⁇ t) at the surface of granules of before and after the immersion is expressed for descriptive purposes.
  • a low value of ⁇ t means that the granules are poorly stained with colorants, that is, the granules have a characteristic that the surface layer part of the granules is hardly infiltrated by moisture, while a high value of ⁇ t means that the granules are readily stained with colorants, that is, the granules have a characteristic that the surface layer part of the granules is susceptible to the infiltration of moisture.
  • the granules of the feed additive composition for ruminants have water repellency to a certain degree.
  • the water repellency of the granules of the present invention is in generally 5 to 6, when expressed as the difference in redness ( ⁇ t) which is obtained by immersing the granules in a 75% aqueous solution of ethanol containing 0.1% of Food Colorant No. 102, at 40° C.
  • the feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention can be described as a feed additive composition for ruminants containing at least one protective agent selected from a hardened vegetable oil and a hardened animal oil having a melting point higher than 50° C.
  • the feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention is produced by a method including a process of preparing a molten mixture formed from at least one protective agent selected from a hardened vegetable oil and a hardened animal oil having a melting point higher than 50° C. and lower than 90° C., lecithin and a basic amino acid; and a process of obtaining a solidified mixture by immersing the molten mixture into water.
  • a protective agent, lecithin and a basic amino acid are used as raw materials, and these are melted and mixed.
  • this molten mixture is immersed into water to be formed into a granular shape, a portion of the basic amino acid is eluted in water, but the amount is very small. Meanwhile, water is incorporated into the mixture at this stage. This water can be reduced by a subsequent drying process.
  • the cooling may be accomplished by immersing the molten mixture into an aqueous liquid which contains other components in addition to water.
  • a commercially available extruder can be used, but it is preferable to remove the die plate which is placed at the outlet. By removing the die plate, a molten mixture of the raw material composition for the feed additive composition for ruminants can be obtained in a state where the inside of the cylinder tube of the extruder is not subjected to so much pressure.
  • a molten mixture containing a large amount of L-lysine monohydrochloride is difficult to be granulated by air prilling, but when even such a molten mixture is allowed to fall free directly from orifices having an appropriate diameter, the mixed molten product having a continuous rod shape is formed into a fine fiber form, and finally cut under the action of the surface tension during the falling, to become separate and individual liquid droplets.
  • the liquid droplets are dropped into water which is in the state of being stirred, the liquid droplets are instantaneously cooled and solidified in the water.
  • the production capacity of the extruder which affects the amount of production of the composition for feed, and in the production method of the present invention, it is possible to operate the extruder at its upper limit of capacity.
  • the machine which is usable is not limited to extruder, as long as it is capable of obtaining a molten mixture of the raw material composition, and is capable of preparing a molten mixture which is turned into liquid droplets during falling.
  • the multi-hole shooter is a means necessary for increasing the amount of production in the method of producing the feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention.
  • the multi-hole shooter according to the present invention is a vessel having a perforated bottom with a plurality of holes, and is a facility for temporarily retaining a heated molten mixture discharged from the extruder.
  • the multi-hole shooter preferably includes a heating facility so that the retained heated molten mixture does not become cold.
  • the amount of production of the feed additive composition for ruminants is directly proportional to the number of holes provided at the bottom of the vessel. The distance from the bottom surface of the multi-hole shooter to the water surface (fall distance) determines the final shape of the granules.
  • the heated molten mixture When the heated molten mixture is allowed to fall at a temperature of 65° C., granules having a spherical shape to a shape close to that of a rugby ball are obtained at a fall distance of 5 cm to 15 cm. Furthermore, when the fall distance is further increased, the impact energy at the water surface is increased, and thus more flattened granules having a shape of pressed barley are obtained. At a fall distance of about 50 cm, granules having a shape of pressed barley with an undulating fringe are obtained.
  • the diameter of the holes of the multi-hole shooter is selected depending on the viscosity and the size of the granules to be produced.
  • holes having a size of 0.5 to 3 mm In the case of producing small granules, it is preferable to have holes having a size of 0.5 to 3 mm, and in order to obtain granules having a size with a diameter of about 10 mm, it is preferable to have holes having a size of about several millimeters. Typically, a size of 0.5 to 5 mm is preferred.
  • the basic amino acids which are used as the raw material may be pulverized and used. Pulverization is performed using, for example, a pulverizer, until the average of the particle size of the basic amino acid becomes 100 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 75 ⁇ m, and if necessary, sieving is performed.
  • lecithin is not to be particularly fixed, and in order to coat the surface of the basic amino acid, for example, L-lysine monohydrochloride, with lecithin, the two substances may be mixed in advance with a Nauta mixer, and if the production efficiency is to be improved, three components of the protective agent, lecithin and basic amino acid may be nearly simultaneously charged into the cylinder of an extruder. It is also possible to respectively charge predetermined amounts of the three components through a feed inlet near the inlet of the cylinder. Alternatively, a molten mixture may be obtained by first charging a basic amino acid and hardened oil and mixing them at near room temperature, then finally charging lecithin, and heating the raw material composition to melt.
  • the basic amino acid for example, L-lysine monohydrochloride
  • the temperature for melting and mixing the raw material composition may be at or above the melting point of the hardened oil, but for example, in the case of fully hydrogenated soybean oil, since the melting point is 67 to 71° C., the melting point may be 80 to 85° C., and a temperature higher than the melting point by 5 to 15° C. is sufficient.
  • the heating temperature it is not necessary to heat at a temperature above the melting point from the beginning, and if the raw materials are initially pre-heated to a temperature lower than the melting point by 5 to 101° C., conveyed by the screw in the cylinder of the extruder, and then heated to a predetermined temperature above the melting point, a stable molten mixture can be obtained efficiently.
  • the discharged heated molten mixture is temporarily retained in a multi-hole shooter, and the molten mixture is allowed to fall free into water from the holes having a size of 1 to 4 mm provided at the bottom.
  • the temperature of water into which the falling objects are immersed may be about 10 to 30° C.
  • the molten mixture dropped from the multi-hole shooter falls into the water which is stirred in a water tank for granule cooling, and is instantaneously solidified there. Water is constantly replenished while the water temperature is maintained constant, and at the same time, the solidified mixture is discharged from the water tank for granule cooling by being carried away by overflowing water.
  • the solidified mixture has a specific gravity of about 1.1, and drifts in the water.
  • the granules of the solidified mixture discharged from the water tank are collected with a net or a netted vessel, and dried to yield a feed additive composition for ruminants.
  • the method of producing a feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention preferably includes a process of implementing a heating treatment on the mixture which has been solidified in water.
  • the heating treatment may be carried out under some conditions approximately resulting in the melting of a portion of the crystalline component of the protective agent present at the surface layer part of the solidified mixture.
  • the solidified mixture may be exposed to an atmosphere set to a temperature near the melting point of the protective agent contained in the solidified mixture, for example, to hot water, vapor, hot air or the like, generally for some ten seconds to several tens of seconds.
  • the amount of heat supplied to the mixture varies with the amount of the mixture (weight), and such amount of heat is determined by the product of the treatment temperature and the treatment time.
  • the amount of heat sufficient for a portion of the crystalline component of the protective agent present at the surface layer part of the solidified mixture to melt may be provided by exposing the solidified mixture to an atmosphere set to a temperature lower than the melting point of the protective agent contained in the solidified mixture for a longer period of time, or by exposing the solidified mixture to an atmosphere set to a temperature higher than the melting point of the protective agent contained in the solidified mixture for a shorter period of time.
  • Specific treatment temperature and treatment time may be appropriately set based on the type of the protective agent contained in the composition and the amount of the mixture.
  • present invention provides novel processes for raising a ruminant by feeding the ruminant such a feed additive composition.
  • ruminants include cattle, goats, sheep, giraffes, American Bison, European Bison, yaks, water buffalo, deer, camels, alpacas, llamas, wildebeest, antelope, pronghorn, and nilgai.
  • These ruminants may be fed the feed additive composition of the present invention at any time and in any amount during their life. That is, the ruminant may be fed the feed additive composition of the present invention either by itself or as part of a diet which includes other feedstuffs.
  • the ruminant may be fed the feed additive composition of the present invention at any time during their lifetime.
  • the ruminant may be fed the feed additive composition of the present invention continuously, at regular intervals, or intermittently.
  • the ruminant may be fed the feed additive composition of the present invention in an amount such that it accounts for all, a majority, or a minority of the feed in the ruminant's diet for any portion of time in the animal's life.
  • the ruminant is fed the feed additive composition of the present invention in an amount such that it accounts for a majority of the feed in the animal's diet for a significant portion of the animal's lifetime.
  • the present invention provides novel processes for making meat by harvesting meat from a ruminant which have been fed such a feed additive composition.
  • the ruminants in this embodiment are the same as those described above in connection with the present process for raising ruminants.
  • the feeding may be carried out as described above in connection with the process for raising ruminants.
  • the meat may be harvesting at any suitable time during the animal's lifetime.
  • the harvesting of the meat may be carried out using the techniques conventional in the art of butchering. Typical meats to be harvested include, beef, pork, mutton, lamb, venison, bison, etc.
  • the meat may be sold fresh or frozen.
  • the meat may be processed as described in Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology , Fourth Ed., Wiley-Interscience, NY, vol. 16, pp. 68-87, 1995, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the present invention provides novel processes for making milk by harvesting milk from a ruminant which have been fed such a feed additive composition.
  • the ruminants in this embodiment are those which produce milk, such as cattle, oxen, bison, deer, goats, sheep, etc.
  • the feeding may be carried out as described above in connection with the process for raising ruminants.
  • the harvesting of the milk may be carried out using the conventional techniques known to those in the art.
  • the milk may be processed, stored, cooled, shipped, and packaged, as described in Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology , Fourth Ed., Wiley-Interscience, NY, vol. 16, pp. 700-746, 1995, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the present invention provides processes for making a dairy product from the milk harvested from a ruminant which has been fed the feed additive composition of the present invention.
  • dairy products include evaporated and condensed milk, dry milk, cream, anhydrous milk fat, butter, buttermilk, cheese, yogurt, and frozen desserts (such as ice cream, frozen yogurt, ice milk, sherbets, and mellorine), lactose, and casein.
  • the conversion of the milk into the dairy product may be carried out using conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art as described in Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology , Fourth Ed., Wiley-Interscience, NY, vol. 16, pp. 700-746, 1995, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the present invention provides novel processes for making wool by harvesting wool from a ruminant been fed such a feed additive composition.
  • the ruminants in this embodiment are those which produce wool, such as goats, sheep, lambs, lama, alpaca, etc.
  • the feeding may be carried out as described above in connection with the process for raising ruminants.
  • the wool may be harvested and treated by conventional techniques known to those skill in the art and as described in Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology , Fourth Ed., Wiley-Interscience, NY, vol. 25, pp. 664-712, 1998, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the present invention provides novel processes for making leather by harvesting skin from a ruminant which have been fed such a feed additive composition and converting the skin into leather.
  • leather also includes suede and the term skin include hides and pelts.
  • the ruminants in this embodiment are those whose skin may be converted into leather, such as cattle, oxen, bison, deer, goats, sheep, lambs, lama, alpaca, yaks, etc.
  • the feeding may be carried out as described above in connection with the process for raising ruminants.
  • the skin may be harvested and converted into leather by conventional techniques known to those skill in the art and as described in Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology , Fourth Ed., Wiley-Interscience, NY, vol. 15, pp. 159-177, 1995, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a molten mixture in a slurry form obtained by heating (85° C.) and melting the mixture using an extruder was weighed to 100 g in a 200-ml beaker made of heat resistant glass, placed in a constant temperature water bath at 90° C., and slowly stirred to set the temperature of the molten mixture at 90° C.
  • viscosity measurement was performed at 90° C. using a rotational viscometer of Viscometer Model BL manufactured by Tokimec, Inc.
  • a rotating shaft for direct viscosity measurement was immersed into the molten mixture in the beaker, the rotating shaft was rotated, and the viscosity was measured several times. When the value became constant, it was determined as the rotational viscosity (Pa ⁇ s) at 90° C.
  • the moisture content was determined by measuring the weight loss after heating at 105° C. for 20 minutes, using a Kett moisture analyzer (Infrared Moisture Balance FD-610).
  • the product of the content of L-lysine monohydrochloride in the preparation “W” (% by weight) and the protection rate “A” (%) was determined as the small intestine arrival rate (“W” ⁇ “A”).
  • Three components that is, finely pulverized L-lysine monohydrochloride for feed having an average particle size of 75 ⁇ m (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.), soybean lecithin (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co, Inc.) and fully hydrogenated soybean oil (melting point 67° C.; manufactured by Yokozeki Oil & Fat Corp.) were respectively weighed at the composition shown in Table 1, including the above-mentioned amount of soybean lecithin, and so as to obtain a total amount of 5 kg, and the three components were sufficiently mixed.
  • the amino acid for invention 10 a mixture formed by adding 6.0% by weight of DL-methionine (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.) to 42% by weight of L-lysine monohydrochloride was prepared. Subsequently, the composition raw materials were charged into the hopper of a twin-screw extruder for laboratory use (Laboruder Model Name: Mark-II, manufactured by Japan Steel Works, Ltd.), and the composition raw materials were continuously fed at 9 kg/h from the hopper into the feed inlet of the screw which had been preliminarily heated (preliminary heating temperature 60° C., main heating temperature 85° C., set temperature at outlet 70° C.) and was rotating (400 rpm).
  • preliminary heating temperature 60° C., main heating temperature 85° C., set temperature at outlet 70° C. was rotating (400 rpm).
  • the molten mixture was conveyed into the screw to be heated, melted and mixed, and was discharged from the outlet of the extruder with its die plate removed, in the form of finely textured, uniform molten slurry.
  • the discharged molten mixture in a slurry state was charged into a multi-hole shooter (number of holes: 30, size of hole: 2 mm in diameter), which was set directly underneath.
  • the molten mixture in a slurry state was temporarily retained in the multi-hole shooter, and was dispersed through the thirty holes.
  • the molten mixture in a slurry state was discharged from a plurality of holes at a low speed such that the discharge rate from one hole was 0.3 kg/h, and formed perfect liquid droplets.
  • the liquid droplets fell into a water tank for granule cooling (20° C.), which was placed directly below and was being stirred, and were cooled to instantaneously solidify. At this time, the distance from the bottom surface of the multi-hole shooter to the water surface of the water tank for granule cooling was 20 cm.
  • the shape of the granules of the solidified mixture obtained in this manner were such that those having a high rotational viscosity obtained a shape of flatly deformed rugby ball having a diameter of 3 to 4 mm, and those having a low rotational viscosity obtained a shape of pressed barley having a diameter of 5 to 8 mm.
  • the obtained granules of the solidified mixture were recovered, the water of adhesion was dehydrated, and then the granules were dried in air at ambient temperature to obtain the feed additive composition for ruminants of the present invention (subject inventions 1 to 10 ).
  • the loss of raw materials in the composition due to water and others was small, and the recovery rate was as high as 98 to 99.5% in all cases.
  • the specific weight of the obtained feed additive composition for ruminants was 1.05 to 1.15, and the composition drifted in the rumen juice without floating thereon.
  • Example 2 An experiment was performed by the same method as in Example 1 and with the composition and the blending amounts shown in Table 1, with L-lysine monohydrochloride in an amount decreased to 30% by weight, and the obtained results are presented together in Table 1.
  • the rotational viscosity obtained when the composition was heated and melted was 0.15 Pa ⁇ s, and the liquidity was quite fluid.
  • the protection rate [A] of the Comparative Example 1 was high, but the small intestine arrival rate of L-lysine monohydrochloride was low.
  • the particles of the resulting preparations were spheres with a diameter of about 1 mm, and classification was unavoidable when blended into feedstuff.
  • the raw materials containing 50% by weight of L-lysine monohydrochloride as indicated in Comparative Example 6 since the rotational viscosity of the resulting slurry-like mixture was high, prilling of the slurry-like mixture in the air by means of pressurized air (0.5 MPa) could not be carried out, and it was not possible to obtain a granulated preparation.
  • composition formed from an amino acid, high melting point oil and fat, and low melting point oil and fat as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication (JP-B) No. 49-45224, a composition containing 40% by weight of L-lysine monohydrochloride, 30% by weight of hardened soybean oil and 30% by weight of soybean oil (not containing lecithin) was prepared, and a molten mixture was prepared by heating and melting the aforementioned composition at 85° C. using an extruder with its die plate removed, in the same manner as in Example 1. The molten mixture was charged into a multi-hole shooter, and was immersed into water at 20° C. to obtain granules. An evaluation of these granules was performed, and the results are presented together in Table 1.
  • these granules had a low protection rate [A], and a small intestine arrival rate, W ⁇ [A], lower than those of the Examples.
  • the small intestine arrival rate which indicates the amount of L-lysine monohydrochloride arriving at the small intestine of a lactating cow was as low as 16.7%, and this implies that there is a large loss along the way, and the preparation cannot be provided for practical use.
  • the specific weight of the preparation was less than 1, and the preparation floated on the surface in the rumen juice.
  • the slurry-like molten mixture was dropped into a stirred water tank which was installed at a distance of 20 cm from those holes to cool and solidify the molten mixture, and the resulting granules of the solidified mixture were recovered.
  • the recovered granules were subjected to the dehydration of the water of adhesion, and were dried in air at ambient temperature.
  • various granules having a moisture content of 0.01% to 6.1% were produced by varying the time for air drying from 0 to 14 hours.
  • the granules thus produced were subjected to the measurement of the content of L-lysine monohydrochloride W, and then a part of them was placed in a chamber at 45° C., while the remnants were stored at 4° C. After three days, the granules were taken out, and the protection rate [A] was measured.
  • the results are presented in Table 2 and FIG. 1 .
  • the protection rate [A] of the granules stored at 4° C. was not much affected in the moisture content and was in the range of about 60% to 70%, while the protection rate [A] of the granules stored at 45° C. decreased in the case where the moisture content was smaller than 2% by weight and in the case where the moisture content exceeded 6% by weight.
  • composition raw materials which had been mixed in advance to a weight ratio of 54.9% of L-lysine monohydrochloride (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.), 1.1% of soybean lecithin (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.) and 44% of fully hydrogenated soybean oil (melting point 67° C.; manufactured by Yokozeki Oil & Fat Corp.) were charged into the hopper of a twin-screw extruder for laboratory use (Laboruder Model Name: Mark-II, manufactured by Japan Steel Works, Ltd.), and the composition raw materials were continuously fed at 9 kg/h from the hopper into the feed inlet of the rotating (400 rpm) screw which had been preliminarily heated (preliminary heating temperature 60° C., main heating temperature 85° C., set temperature for outlet 70° C.).
  • the molten mixture was conveyed into the screw to be heated, melted and mixed, and was discharged from the outlet of the extruder with its die plate removed, in the form of finely textured, uniform molten slurry.
  • the discharged molten mixture in a slurry state was charged into a multi-hole shooter (number of holes: 30, size of hole: 2 mm in diameter), which was set directly underneath.
  • the molten mixture in a slurry state was temporarily stored in the multi-hole shooter, and was dispersed through the thirty holes.
  • the molten mixture in a slurry state was discharged from a plurality of holes of the multi-hole shooter, and formed perfect liquid droplets.
  • the liquid droplets fell into a water tank for granule cooling (10° C.), which was placed directly below and was being stirred, and were cooled to instantaneously solidify. At this time, the distance from the bottom surface of the multi-hole shooter to the water surface of the water tank for granule cooling was 10 cm.
  • the granules of the solidified mixture obtained in this manner were left to stand in the water for 30 minutes, then the water of adhesion at the surface was dehydrated, and thus a feed additive composition for ruminants was recovered. Subsequently, 200 g of the feed additive composition for ruminants was placed in a fluidized bed drying machine (FLOmini, manufactured by Okawara Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) set at a temperature of 40° C.
  • FLOmini fluidized bed drying machine
  • composition raw materials which had been mixed in advance to a weight ratio of 54.9% of L-lysine monohydrochloride (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.), 1.1% of soybean lecithin (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.) and 44% of fully hydrogenated soybean oil (melting point 67° C.; manufactured by Yokozeki Oil & Fat Corp.) were charged into the hopper of a twin-screw extruder for laboratory use (Laboruder Model Name: Mark-II, manufactured by Japan Steel Works, Ltd.), and the composition raw materials were continuously fed at 20 kg/h from the hopper into the feed inlet of the rotating (130 rpm) screw which had been preliminarily heated (preliminary heating temperature 65° C., main heating temperature 85° C., set temperature for outlet 70° C.).
  • the molten mixture was conveyed into the screw to be heated, melted and mixed, and was discharged from the outlet of the extruder with its die plate removed, in the form of finely textured, uniform molten slurry.
  • the discharged molten mixture in a slurry state was charged into a multi-hole shooter (number of holes: 30, size of hole: 2 mm in diameter), which was set directly underneath.
  • the molten mixture in a slurry state was temporarily retained in the multi-hole shooter, and was dispersed through the thirty holes.
  • the molten mixture in a slurry state was discharged from a plurality of holes of the multi-hole shooter, and formed perfect liquid droplets.
  • the liquid droplets fell into a water tank for granule cooling (10° C.), which was placed directly below and was being stirred, and were cooled to instantaneously solidify. At this time, the distance from the bottom surface of the multi-hole shooter to the water surface of the water tank for granule cooling was 10 cm.
  • the granules of the solidified mixture obtained in this manner were left to stand in the water for 40 minutes, then the water of adhesion at the surface was dehydrated, and thus a feed additive composition for ruminants was obtained. Subsequently, 200 g of the feed additive composition for ruminants was placed in a fluidized bed drying machine (FLOmini, manufactured by Okawara Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) set at a temperature of 50° C.
  • FLOmini fluidized bed drying machine
  • Example 1 100 g of three components including finely pulverized L-lysine monohydrochloride for feed (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.) having an average particle size of 75 ⁇ m, soybean lecithin (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.), and fully hydrogenated soybean oil (melting point 67° C.; manufactured by Yokozeki Oil & Fat Corp.) was weighed in a beaker at the ratio of percentage by weight shown in Table 6, and the mixture was heated to 80° C. while sufficiently mixing to obtain a molten slurry of L-lysine monohydrochloride.
  • finely pulverized L-lysine monohydrochloride for feed manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.
  • soybean lecithin manufactured by Ajinomoto Co., Inc.
  • fully hydrogenated soybean oil melting point 67° C.; manufactured by Yokozeki Oil & Fat Corp.
  • Example 2 dispersion of the molten slurry by means of a multi-hole shooter, conversion into liquid droplets, and solidification by cooling in water were carried out to prepare feed additive compositions for ruminants 1 to 7 and a comparison composition 8 .
  • a granulated composition was prepared by collecting the heated molten product in small amounts with a microspatula and immediately immersing them into water to solidify.

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WO2021060388A1 (fr) 2019-09-26 2021-04-01 味の素株式会社 Composition d'additif alimentaire pour ruminants
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WO2018030476A1 (fr) * 2016-08-10 2018-02-15 味の素株式会社 Composition d'additif alimentaire pour ruminants et son procédé de fabrication
CN112533486A (zh) 2018-03-16 2021-03-19 味之素株式会社 饲料用添加剂及饲料
JP7480576B2 (ja) 2020-05-01 2024-05-10 味の素株式会社 反芻動物用飼料組成物
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US11805793B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2023-11-07 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Feed additive composition for ruminants
WO2019189605A1 (fr) 2018-03-29 2019-10-03 味の素株式会社 Composition d'additif pour des aliments pour ruminants
US11582988B2 (en) 2018-03-29 2023-02-21 Ajinomoto Co., Inc. Additive composition for ruminant feeds
CN108935993A (zh) * 2018-07-25 2018-12-07 安徽滋申生态农林综合开发有限公司 一种营养均衡的羊饲料及其与该饲料配套使用的饲料容器
WO2021060388A1 (fr) 2019-09-26 2021-04-01 味の素株式会社 Composition d'additif alimentaire pour ruminants

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US20130095206A1 (en) 2013-04-18
HUE030837T2 (en) 2017-06-28
BRPI0717782B1 (pt) 2023-10-10
CA2665684A1 (fr) 2008-04-10
EP2077076A4 (fr) 2009-11-11
EP2407033A1 (fr) 2012-01-18
ES2912953T3 (es) 2022-05-30
PL2407033T3 (pl) 2022-06-27
BRPI0717782A2 (pt) 2014-04-15
NZ575156A (en) 2011-03-31
PT2407033T (pt) 2022-03-21
AU2007303731B2 (en) 2014-02-27
DK2407033T3 (da) 2022-05-02
US20140308418A1 (en) 2014-10-16
PT2077076T (pt) 2017-02-14
EP2077076A1 (fr) 2009-07-08
JP5040919B2 (ja) 2012-10-03
JPWO2008041371A1 (ja) 2010-02-04
DK2077076T3 (en) 2017-01-16
CA2665684C (fr) 2016-02-23
US9173420B2 (en) 2015-11-03
BRPI0717782A8 (pt) 2023-02-14
ES2614642T3 (es) 2017-06-01
CN103284006B (zh) 2015-12-02
PL2077076T3 (pl) 2017-05-31
CN101522044B (zh) 2013-07-10
CN103284006A (zh) 2013-09-11
CN101522044A (zh) 2009-09-02
US9241503B2 (en) 2016-01-26
MX2009003753A (es) 2009-04-22
AU2007303731A1 (en) 2008-04-10

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