US20090038518A1 - plasma ignition burner - Google Patents

plasma ignition burner Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090038518A1
US20090038518A1 US12/175,963 US17596308A US2009038518A1 US 20090038518 A1 US20090038518 A1 US 20090038518A1 US 17596308 A US17596308 A US 17596308A US 2009038518 A1 US2009038518 A1 US 2009038518A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
burner
barrel
barrels
coal
stage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/175,963
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English (en)
Inventor
Peng Liu
Xiaoyong Zhang
Yingjie QIAN
Xinguang WANG
Wenbo YU
Fei CAI
Yuwang MIAO
Tao NIU
Yupeng Wang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CNU2007201462446U external-priority patent/CN201126192Y/zh
Priority claimed from CN2007101370082A external-priority patent/CN101349435B/zh
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Assigned to YANTAI LONGYUAN POWER TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. reassignment YANTAI LONGYUAN POWER TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CAI, FEI, LIU, PENG, MIAO, YUWANG, NIU, TAO, QIAN, YINGJIE, WANG, XINGUANG, WANG, YUPENG, YU, WENBO, ZHANG, XIAOYONG
Publication of US20090038518A1 publication Critical patent/US20090038518A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q13/00—Igniters not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/10—Nozzle tips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2201/00—Burners adapted for particulate solid or pulverulent fuels
    • F23D2201/20—Fuel flow guiding devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pulverized coal burning technical field, and particular to a plasma ignition burner.
  • Coal fired power generation is a main electricity generation manner adopted by different countries at present. Ignition is a main aspect of the burning process of the boiler. With the enlargement of the capacity of the boiler, how to accomplish the starting process of the boiler rapidly and economically becomes an important problem to be imminently solved.
  • Plasma ignition technology has been developed recently to replace the oil ignition manner which consumes a lot of burning oil.
  • the conventional plasma igniting system adopts the so-called “precombustion chamber” technology.
  • the precombustion chamber is constructed to keep the temperature of the burner barrel, normally by attaching a layer of fire-resistant material to the internal of the firebox.
  • the chamber wall of the precombustion chamber has very high temperature through initial heating, which aids in (even independently) igniting the fuel.
  • the precombustion chamber is long (about 2 meters) and through the action of the plasma, gasifies the pulverized coal in the pulverized-coal-contained air flow entering into the precombustion chamber, thereby generating a lot of burnable gas, mainly CO et al.
  • the thermal energy released when the burnable gas burns is used to ignite the succeeding pulverized coal.
  • This is also a hierarchical ignition manner, but since the temperature in the precombustion chamber is too high, the pulverized coal easily clinkers inside and therefore can not be used further.
  • the plasma ignition burner comprises multi stage burner barrels, such as a first stage burner barrel 104 , a second stage burner barrel 106 , a third stage burner barrel 108 , a fourth stage burner barrel 110 , et al (the number of the stages may be either more than four stages or less than four stages depending on the power and the size of the space).
  • the pulverized-coal-contained air flow entering from pulverized-coal-contained air flow inlet 102 (as shown by the broad arrow in FIG.
  • a plasma generator is inserted into the first stage burner barrel 104 along the axial direction of the multi stage burner barrels and ignites the pulverized-coal-contained air flow entering into the first stage burner barrel 104 , thereby generating the first stage pulverized coal flame A.
  • the generated flame further ignites the pulverized-coal-contained air flow in the second stage burner barrel, thereby forming the second stage pulverized coal flame B.
  • the air flow entering from air inlet 114 (as shown by the narrow arrow in FIG.
  • the plasma generator is inserted along the axial direction of the burner barrels and the pulverized-coal-contained air flow inlet and the air flow are both arranged to be perpendicular to the axis of the burner barrels. That is, the direction of the plasma flame is perpendicular to the direction of the air flow entering into the first stage burner barrel. Therefore, it is necessary to add guide plate (not shown) to deflect the air flow to be parallel. Similarly, the direction along which the second stage pulverized coal enters into the second stage burner barrel is also perpendicular to the direction of the flame injected from the first stage burner barrel, so it is also necessary to add guide plate to make the directions to be parallel.
  • the guide plate can not deflect the air flow completely due to the limitation of the space. Since the two air flows can not be absolutely parallel, the entering air flow will blow the plasma flame (or the former stage flame) deflected, which causes the temperature of the barrel wall increasing and the pulverized coal clinkering.
  • a plasma ignition burner constructed as shown in FIG. 2 is used.
  • the pulverized-coal-contained air flow inlet 102 the first stage burner barrel 104 and the second stage burner barrel 106 are shown in the figure and the structures corresponding to the air inlet 114 , the burner external barrel 118 , the third stage burner barrel and the fourth stage burner barrel in FIG. 1 .
  • the pulverized-coal-contained air flow entering from inlet 102 is then divided into two parts by the barrel wall of the first stage burner barrel, in which the central part enters into the first stage burner barrel 104 , the peripheral part advances along the space between the first stage burner barrel and the external barrel 202 (the pulverized-coal-contained air flow inlet 102 is provided thereon), and enters into the second stage burner barrel from the second inlet 204 of the second stage burner barrel.
  • the plasma generator is inserted along the radial direction of the burner and the pulverized-coal-contained air flow is blown into along the axial direction of the burner barrels, the two directions of which are still perpendicular. Under the action of the pulverized-coal-contained air flow, the plasma flame is blown deflected, causing the temperature of the side to which the plasma flame is deflected extra high so that clinker is formed.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a plasma generator which can relieve the problem of clinkering. It can be seen from the above description of the prior art, the fact that there exists an angle between the inserting direction of the plasma generator (that is, the direction of the plasma flame) and the direction of the pulverized-coal-contained air flow is a reason of the clinkering problem. Therefore, with respect to the above object, the gist of the present invention is to rearrange the pulverized-coal-contained air flow inlet and the plasma generator, so as to make the direction along which the pulverized-coal-contained air flow enters into the first stage burner barrel consistent with the direction of the plasma flame.
  • the present invention provides a plasma ignition burner, comprises at least two stages of burner barrels and a plasma generator for igniting the pulverized coal in a first stage burner barrel of said at least two stages of burner barrels, wherein the burning flame of the former stage burner barrel ignites the pulverized coal in the next stage burner barrel, or further burns with the supplemented air in the next stage burner barrel, characterized in that the axial direction of said plasma generator is parallel to the direction along which the pulverized-coal-contained air flow enters into the first stage burner barrel and at the same time, parallel to the axis of the burner barrels.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically illustrating a plasma ignition burner of the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view schematically illustrating another plasma ignition burner of the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view schematically illustrating the first embodiment of the plasma ignition burner according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view along A-A line in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view schematically illustrating the second embodiment of the plasma ignition burner according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view illustrating the structure of the axial swirl pulverized coal burner of the prior art.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the partial sectional view schematically illustrating the first embodiment of the plasma ignition burner according to the first aspect of the present invention. To be concise, this figure also only illustrates the pulverized-coal-contained air flow inlet 102 , the first stage burner barrel 104 and the second stage burner barrel 106 similar to those in FIG. 2 . Since the structure of the multi-stage structure of burner barrels has been described as above, it is not repeated here.
  • the stage number of the burner barrels into which the pulverized-coal-contained air flow enters is not limited and can be determined depending on power request and the size of the space.
  • the total number of the stages may be from two stages to three, four or more stages and the air flow as shown in FIG. 1 may be also pulverized-coal-contained air flow depending on the application occasions.
  • the key of the present invention is to make the insertion direction of the plasma generator 302 parallel to the direction along which the pulverized-coal-contained air flow enters into the first stage burner barrel 104 and at the same time, parallel to the axis of the burner barrels.
  • the pulverized-coal-contained air flow enters into the burner barrels parallel to the axis of the burner barrels, without distribution asymmetry of the pulverized coal on the section plane of the burner barrels due to the inertia of the pulverized-coal-contained air flow.
  • the injection direction of the plasma flame of the plasma generator is consistent with the direction along which the pulverized-coal-contained air flow enters into the burner barrels, the plasma flame will not be blown defected to the wall of the burner barrels. The above two points effectively alleviate the problem of clinkering on the wall of the burner barrels.
  • the above technical solution is achieved by providing bending tube 308 to guide the pulverized-coal-contained air flow and inserting the plasma generator 302 into the first stage burner barrel 104 through the wall of said bending tube along the axial direction of the burner barrels.
  • the radian of the bending tube 308 should be as gentle as possible. However, as long as there exists radian, centrifugal force can not be avoided and the pulverized coal will deflect to one side in the burner barrel.
  • a guide plate 306 is arranged along the axis of the bending tube 308 and one end of the guide plate on the side of the burner barrel is parallel to the axis of the plasma generator, and even extends to the vicinity of the inlet 310 of the first stage burner barrel 104 .
  • the plasma generator 302 and the end of the guide plate 306 are both arranged on the axis of the burner barrel (of course, the position of the end of the guide plate 306 may be deflected relative to the axis of the burner barrel to some extent).
  • the guide plate 306 not only changes the flow direction of the pulverized-coal-contained air flow to make it parallel to the plasma flame, but also concentrates part of the pulverized coal in the vicinity of the central axis of the burner and the plasma flame by the centrifugal separation effect, so as to increase the concentration of the pulverized coal entering into the central barrel, which aids in the ignition.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 1 only one guide plate is used to simultaneously change the flowing direction of the pulverized-coal-contained air flow entering into the respective stage burner barrels, the structure is simple and the resistance is relatively small. Since the space inside the bending head is large, the shape of the bending plate may be planar and may be various bending surface (an example is shown in FIG. 4 ) so as to further increase the concentration of the pulverized coal entering into the central barrel.
  • a large part of the plasma generator 302 exposes to the pulverized-coal-contained air flow.
  • anti-abrasion protecting sleeve such as ceramics sleeve
  • the windward surface of the sleeve may be made V-shaped.
  • this burner Compared with the burner inserted along the radial direction in FIG. 2 , in addition to solving the problem of clinkering, this burner also has stronger ignition capacity. Specifically, the reason is as follows.
  • the plasma flame is positioned on the central line of the burner and since the central barrel is circle, the ignition capacity of the plasma flame for respective directions is the same, the flame is uniform and the transmission capacity is strong.
  • the plasma flame is arranged on one side of the central barrel of the burner, the temperature of the flame on one side of the plasma flame will be high and that on the other side is low. In this case, if inferior coal is burned, ignition will even fail.
  • the concentrating of the pulverized coal in the central barrel of the burner depends on the concentrating action of the guide plate 306 in the bending tube 308 .
  • the concentration in the central barrel can not be increased without limitation, which affects the effect of ignition.
  • the second embodiment according to the present invention as shown in FIG. 5 is provided as the second aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 only illustrates the components corresponding to those in FIGS. 2 and 3 , that is, the first stage burner barrel 104 and the burner internal barrel 202 .
  • the first stage burner barrel 104 and the burner internal barrel 202 As described in the above embodiment, inside the burner internal barrel 202 , more stages of burner barrels can be arranged after the first stage burner barrel 104 . And outside the burner internal barrel 202 , there may be components corresponding to the burner external barrel 118 and multi stages of burner barrels after the burner internal barrel and inside the burner external barrel 118 .
  • the pipe for supplying the pulverized-coal-contained air flow branches into two pipes, that is, primary pipe 508 and branch pipe 502 .
  • the primary pipe 508 may be connected to the burner internal barrel 202 in a conventional way or by adopting the bending tube 308 in the first embodiment.
  • the central barrel 510 is guided from the first stage burner barrel 104 to be connected to the branch pipe 502 .
  • the connection between the branch pipe 502 and the central barrel 510 may adopt the conventional way or a second bending tube 512 similar to the bending tube 308 in the first embodiment and wherein, the guide plate 306 (not shown in FIG. 5 ) in the first embodiment can also be used.
  • the arrangement manner of the plasma generator 302 may also be similar to the first embodiment.
  • the concentration of the pulverized coal entering into the central barrel and further entering into the first stage burner barrel may be made relatively high by directly guiding the pulverized-coal-contained air flow into the central barrel using the branch tube, so as to aid in the ignition.
  • an adjuster may be arranged on the branching point of the primary pipe and the branch pipe for flexibly adjusting the amount of the pulverized coal entering into the branch tube.
  • the respective stages of burner barrels may be distributed between the central barrel and the burner internal barrel.
  • the pulverized coal in the first stage burner barrel and the second stage burner barrel of the plasma ignition burner may be guided in simultaneously through the central barrel and the branch pipe (in this case, the central barrel and the internal structure thereof is similar to that shown in FIG. 2 , with only the burner internal barrel in FIG. 2 changing to the central barrel in FIG. 5 ) and the pulverized coal in the third stage burner barrel enters from the primary pipe.
  • the pulverized coal in the first stage burner barrel of the plasma ignition burner may be guided in through the central barrel and the branch pipe and the pulverized coal in the second and the third stage burner barrels may enter from the primary pipe.
  • a valve 504 may be provided in the branch pipe, which is turned on in the starting ignition stage and the low-load stable combustion stage of the burner and turned off after the ignition is completed and the combustion of the burner becomes stable.
  • This valve 504 may also be designed to be incorporated with the adjuster 506 , so that the adjuster serves as an adjuster and a branch tube valve simultaneously.
  • the gist of this embodiment is to increase the concentration of the pulverized coal in the first stage burner barrel by using the branch tube. It is neither limited to ignite using the plasma generator, nor limited to provide the plasma generator along the axial direction of the burner barrels. Therefore, the detail of various aspects of the second embodiment can be either combined or not combined with those of the first embodiment.
  • the ignition device may be oil gun besides the plasma generator and the arrangement manner thereof can be insertion along any direction besides axial insertion, including radial insertion and slanting insertion.
  • the branch tube is arranged and the adjustor is attached, the flowing velocity of the pulverized-coal-contained air flow and the concentration of the pulverized coal in the central barrel of the burner can be independently adjusted, so that the optimum ignition working condition can be achieved.
  • the whirling type pulverized coal burner adopted by many burning coal firepower electricity generator has a central barrel and the mixture of the pulverized coal and the air is sent into the hearth from the external of the central barrel.
  • LNASB axial swirl pulverized coal burner (refer to FIG. 6 ) developed by Mitsui Babcock Energy Ltd in the eighties of 20th century adopts this kind of structure.
  • the oil gun is inserted into the central barrel 602 and the pulverized coal sent into the hearth from the external of the central barrel is ignited by the flame of the oil gun.
  • the above-described reconstruction manner forms a third-stage burner (that is, the first stage burner barrel, the central barrel and the external barrel).
  • a two-stage burner may be formed only by the central barrel and the external barrel, without the first stage burner barrel added.
  • more stages of burner barrel may be added in the central barrel, or more stages of burner barrel may be added in the external barrel.
  • the ignition device may be any kind of ignition device either in the original burner, or in the reconstructed burner, including oil gun and plasma ignition device, et al.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
US12/175,963 2007-07-19 2008-07-18 plasma ignition burner Abandoned US20090038518A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNU2007201462446U CN201126192Y (zh) 2007-07-19 2007-07-19 一种等离子体点火燃烧器
CN2007101370082A CN101349435B (zh) 2007-07-19 2007-07-19 一种等离子体点火燃烧器
CN200710137008.2 2007-07-19
CN200720146244.6 2007-07-19

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US20090038518A1 true US20090038518A1 (en) 2009-02-12

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US12/175,963 Abandoned US20090038518A1 (en) 2007-07-19 2008-07-18 plasma ignition burner

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US (1) US20090038518A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2172706A4 (zh)
JP (1) JP2010533833A (zh)
KR (1) KR101206354B1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2008278159B2 (zh)
RU (1) RU2439434C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2009009948A1 (zh)

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US20100154689A1 (en) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Alstom Technology Ltd Coal rope distributor with replaceable wear components
CN101886816A (zh) * 2010-04-14 2010-11-17 中国电力工程顾问集团华北电力设计院工程有限公司 一种改进的粉煤气化炉等离子点火喷嘴及方式
CN101900330A (zh) * 2010-07-23 2010-12-01 西安交通大学 一种用于无烟煤的等离子体点火燃烧器
US20120006238A1 (en) * 2009-03-24 2012-01-12 Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co., Ltd. Pulverized coal concentrator and pulverized coal burner including the concentrator
WO2012088110A1 (en) * 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Alstom Technology Ltd System and method for reducing emissions from a boiler
AU2012244364B2 (en) * 2011-10-18 2014-06-26 Shanghai Boiler Works Co., Ltd. Plasma oil-free ignition system in oxygen enriched environment
WO2017009475A2 (de) * 2015-07-16 2017-01-19 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Europe Gmbh Brenner und verfahren für eine zündfeuerung mit staubförmigem brennstoff
US20170045218A1 (en) * 2015-08-13 2017-02-16 General Electric Technology Gmbh System and method for providing combustion in a boiler
US9593795B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2017-03-14 General Electric Technology Gmbh Fuel head assembly with replaceable wear components
US9857077B2 (en) 2008-12-18 2018-01-02 General Electric Technology Gmbh Coal rope distributor with replaceable wear components

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CN102454985B (zh) * 2010-11-01 2015-04-08 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 一种煤粉燃烧器及煤粉锅炉
JP5678603B2 (ja) * 2010-11-22 2015-03-04 株式会社Ihi 微粉炭バーナ
RU2460941C1 (ru) * 2011-02-11 2012-09-10 Учреждение Российской Академии наук Институт теплофизики им. С.С. Кутателадзе Сибирского отделения РАН (ИТ СО РАН) Способ сжигания угля микропомола и угля обычного помола в пылеугольной горелке и устройство для его реализации
KR101050511B1 (ko) * 2011-04-26 2011-07-20 한국기계연구원 플라즈마를 이용한 다단계 연소장치
KR101284290B1 (ko) 2012-08-07 2013-07-08 한국기계연구원 연소장치
RU2543648C1 (ru) * 2014-01-10 2015-03-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Восточно-Сибирский государственный университет технологий и управления" Плазменная пылеугольная горелка
CN104879780B (zh) * 2014-02-28 2018-10-19 北京大学 一种多通道等离子体区域点火燃烧装置
RU2557967C1 (ru) * 2014-06-24 2015-07-27 Геннадий Саитянович Туктакиев Способ сжигания пылевидного топлива
RU2559658C1 (ru) * 2014-06-24 2015-08-10 Геннадий Саитянович Туктакиев Устройство для сжигания пылевидного топлива
RU2557969C1 (ru) * 2014-06-24 2015-07-27 Геннадий Саитянович Туктакиев Устройство для сжигания пылевидного топлива
JP6188658B2 (ja) * 2014-09-24 2017-08-30 三菱重工業株式会社 燃焼バーナ及びボイラ
DE102015104406A1 (de) 2015-03-24 2015-05-21 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Europe Gmbh Verfahren zur Verminderung von NOx-Emissionen bei der Verbrennung von staubförmigem Brennstoff
DE102015104401A1 (de) 2015-03-24 2015-05-07 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Europe Gmbh Verfahren zur Verminderung von NOx-Emissionen bei der Verbrennung von staubförmigem Brennstoff
CN105782965B (zh) * 2016-03-04 2018-09-21 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 一种蓄热式燃烧器
US10473327B2 (en) 2016-06-09 2019-11-12 General Electric Technology Gmbh System and method for increasing the concentration of pulverized fuel in a power plant
KR101922933B1 (ko) * 2016-10-11 2018-11-28 한국에너지기술연구원 플라즈마 미분탄 점화용 버너 및 이를 포함하는 석탄화력발전 기동용 플라즈마 미분탄 버너
US10711994B2 (en) 2017-01-19 2020-07-14 General Electric Technology Gmbh System, method and apparatus for solid fuel ignition
CN114440257B (zh) * 2022-01-13 2023-03-21 徐兴国 一种锅炉等离子冷却风装置

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Cited By (16)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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EP2172706A1 (en) 2010-04-07
WO2009009948A1 (fr) 2009-01-22
KR20090009167A (ko) 2009-01-22
AU2008278159B2 (en) 2011-10-27
RU2008129851A (ru) 2010-01-27
JP2010533833A (ja) 2010-10-28
RU2439434C2 (ru) 2012-01-10
AU2008278159A1 (en) 2009-01-22
EP2172706A4 (en) 2012-05-09
KR101206354B1 (ko) 2012-11-29

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