US20090003938A1

US20090003938A1 - Simplified foundation and groundwork method using same

Info

Publication number: US20090003938A1
Application number: US12/138,775
Authority: US
Inventors: Hiroshi Nishimori
Original assignee: MIROMOCLE Ind Co Ltd
Current assignee: MIROMOCLE INDUSTRIAL Co Ltd; MIROMOCLE Ind Co Ltd
Priority date: 2007-06-26
Filing date: 2008-06-13
Publication date: 2009-01-01
Also published as: CN101333819A; KR20080114529A; EP2009182A3; EP2009182A2; JP2009030428A; JP4335958B2

Abstract

A simplified foundation is made up of metal. The simplified foundation includes a first drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner, and a support for attaching a target construction product on its upper portion. The support is hollow, and bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any portion in which to insert the drive pile. Furthermore, the support includes a guide member for guiding the first drive pile.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to construction foundations, more particularly simplified foundations using piles, and a groundwork method using the same.
2. Description of the Background Art
For example, parks are constructed in green belts, wetlands, marshes, river terraces, and woodlots, by building construction products, such as bridges, sidewalks, steps, fences, benches, tables, and play equipment. In order to support such construction products, foundations are important. In the case of groundwork techniques for typical houses, the foundation is formed by excavating the ground, depositing leveling concrete, and injecting freshly-mixed concrete within a framework constructed on the leveling concrete. However, it is difficult for trucks carrying freshly-mixed concrete to enter the above-listed sites, such as green belts. In addition, such entrance is not preferable even if it is possible, considering that it might destroy the natural environment. Furthermore, when a construction product becomes unnecessary, it is extremely difficult to remove its concrete foundation. As a result, the concrete foundation remains in the natural environment without being removed, leading to environmental destruction.
Therefore, there have been proposed various simplified foundations. U.S. Pat. No. 5,039,256 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 1”) proposes a simplified foundation formed by injecting concrete into a cylindrical-, rectangular-, or triangular-columnar form having four guide sleeves inserted therethrough (see, for example, FIG. 4 of Patent Document 1). Piles are driven into the ground through the guide sleeves, so that the form and the piles constitute a foundation for a construction product to be fixed thereon.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,395,184 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 2”) proposes a technique for constructing a foundation by driving piles into the ground after inserting the piles into holes provided in brackets each having a U-shaped cross section and being attached to a post (see, for example, FIG. 1 of Patent Document 2). Patent Document 2 also proposes brackets each having an H-shaped cross section (see, for example, FIG. 3 of Patent Document 2). Moreover, Patent Document 2 also proposes a simplified foundation including piles driven into a rectangular-columnar construction product (see, for example, FIGS. 8 and 9 of Patent Document 2).
U.S. Pat. No. 6,910,832 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 3”) proposes a simplified foundation constructed by inserting piles into a hardened concrete base, and driving the piles into the ground. In Patent Document 3, the base has holes for inserting the piles therethrough, and the holes are provided by inserting tapered dowels through upper and lower forms made up of plastic, and injecting concrete into the forms (see, for example, FIG. 2 of Patent Document 3). After concrete is cured, the upper and lower forms and the dowels are removed, and the piles, which are slightly thinner than the holes provided by the dowels, are inserted through the holes and driven into the ground (see, for example, FIG. 3 of Patent Document 3).
U.S. Pat. No. 7,076,925 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 4”) proposes a technique for providing a concrete wall foundation. In Patent Document 4, sleeves are provided through two opposing footings between which a concrete wall is formed (see, for example, FIGS. 1 and 3 of Patent Document 4). Piles are inserted through the sleeves, and driven into the ground (see, for example, FIG. 3 of Patent Document 4).
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-30679 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 5”) discloses a simplified foundation for a green house. The simplified foundation of Patent Document 5 includes a head portion formed of concrete blocks, and two or more piles inserted through the head portion. The piles are driven into the ground so that the simplified foundation acts as a base of the green house.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2005-299214 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 6”) proposes a simplified foundation in which sleeves are attached to a body having upper and lower flanges, and piles are inserted through the sleeves (see, FIG. 1 of Patent Document 6). Moreover, Patent Document 6 also discloses a simplified foundation having its bearing strength enhanced by coupling members for coupling the upper and lower flanges (see, for example, FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 of Patent Document 6). Furthermore, Patent Document 6 also discloses a securing method which uses the simplified foundation with enhanced bearing strength in combination with anchor bolts (see, for example, FIG. 6 of Patent Document 6).
FIG. 18 is a perspective view illustrating a simplified foundation disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2005-299215 (hereinafter, referred to as “Patent Document 7”). The simplified foundation proposed in Patent Document 7 includes an upper securing plate 900, a lower securing plate 901, and a plurality of sleeves 902 coupled with the upper and lower securing plates 900 and 901, as shown in FIG. 18 (see, for example, FIG. 3 of Patent Document 7). Piles 903 are inserted through the sleeves 902 and driven into the ground, thereby securing the foundation to the ground.
In the case of the simplified foundation according to Patent Document 1, concrete is required to be injected into the form, and cured before the simplified foundation is transported to a construction site. As a result, a hardened heavy concrete load has to be transported to the construction site. As such, the simplified foundation itself is heavy, which causes inconvenience in construction, and results in difficult transportation to the construction site.
The simplified foundation according to Patent Document 2 does not use any concrete. However, the brackets themselves are secured to side surfaces of the posts, for example, via bolts. Simply securing the brackets to the side surfaces via the bolts causes anxiety concerning the strength against vertical load of the construction product. Also, in many cases, bridges and sidewalks are made of wood, and therefore simply securing the brackets to the side surfaces via bolts results in compromise of the foundation function upon degradation of the wood. FIG. 8 of Patent Document 2 shows a horizontally-placed rectangular foundation, which is inconveniently difficult to transport. In addition, FIG. 9 of Patent Document 2 shows a vertically-placed rectangular-columnar foundation, which is also inconveniently difficult to transfer. However, FIG. 9 of Patent Document 2 dose not describe any specific method for securing the construction product.
The simplified foundation according to Patent Document 3 also has a problem similar to the problem with the simplified foundation according to Patent Document 1.
The simplified foundation according to Patent Document 4 is applicable only to concrete walls, and is not always applicable to all construction products, including bridges and sidewalks.
The simplified foundation according to Patent Document 5 has the head portion made up of concrete, and therefore it also has a problem similar to the problem with the simplified foundation according to Patent Document 1.
The simplified foundation according to Patent Document 6 does not use any concrete, but it requires the coupling members for coupling the upper and lower flanges, resulting in a complicated structure. Patent Document 6 describes that the coupling members can be secured to the upper and lower flanges not only via bolts but also via welding, which results in a complicated structure as well, and also creates a problem with production cost.
In the case of the simplified foundation according to Patent Document 7, the construction product imposes load on a cover 904. The load on the cover 904 is also applied to the upper securing plate 900. The load on the upper securing plate 900 is distributed in the horizontal direction, as well as in the directions of the sleeves 902. Since the upper securing plate 900 is a flat plate, the load distributed in the horizontal direction is smaller than the load distributed in the directions of the sleeves 902. Accordingly, most of the load on the upper securing plate 900 is applied to the sleeves 902. As a result, excessive load might be applied to junctions 905 between the upper securing plate 900 and the sleeves 902, as well as to junctions 906 between the lower securing plate 901 and the sleeves 902. Therefore, the junctions 905 and 906 could be broken after years of use.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, an objective of the present invention is to provide a simplified foundation that can be readily constructed using as little concrete as possible. Also, another objective of the present invention is to provide a low-cost simplified foundation capable of withstanding long-term use.
The present invention has the following features to attain the object mentioned above. The present invention is directed to a simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, including: at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner; and a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, wherein the support is hollow and bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile.
In the present invention, the support is bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile, and therefore it is possible to disperse the load of the target construction product, and enhance the strength of the support. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a simplified foundation without using any concrete. The drive pile is driven into the soil through the support, and therefore the simplified foundation of the present invention can function as a piled foundation utilizing a friction force of the drive pile. In addition, since the support itself has its own load bearing capacity, the simplified foundation of the present invention can also directly function as an auxiliary foundation. So long as the drive pile reaches the supporting soil, the resistance of the supporting soil can also contribute to achievement of the piled foundation. For example, when constructing target construction products, such as bridges, sidewalks, steps, fences, benches, tables, and play equipment, in green belt, wetland, marshes, river terraces, or woodlot, it is often the case that the ground is soft. However, by using the simplified foundation of the present invention, it is possible to support target construction products on such soft ground. Construction on the soft ground is often difficult to perform, and therefore it is necessary to simplify the construction. The simplified foundation of the present invention does not use any concrete, and therefore it is lightweight. Accordingly, transportation to construction sites is readily carried out, and there is no need for any concrete mixer trucks to enter the construction sites. Therefore, the construction is readily achieved. In addition, the simplified foundation of the present invention is made up of metal, and therefore when any target construction product becomes unnecessary, it can be collected and recycled, which advantageously prevents environmental destruction. Furthermore, the simplified foundation of the present invention is entirely made up of metal, and does not use any concrete, and therefore it can be provided at low cost.
Preferably, the support may include at least one cylindrical guide member for guiding the drive pile, and the guide member may be disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile, and joined at least to the bowl-shaped portion.
By providing such a cylindrical guide member, it becomes possible to drive the drive pile into the soil at an appropriate inclination angle, which facilitates ease of construction. Furthermore, in the present invention, the guide member and the support are joined at the bowl-shaped portion. In the bowl-shaped portion, the load of the target construction product is mostly distributed in the tangential direction of the bowl. As a result, the load distributed in the movement direction of the guide member becomes smaller than the load distributed in the tangential direction. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the load directly imposed on the guide member to the greatest possible extent. Thus, it is possible to prevent the junction between the guide member and the support from being broken, thereby making it possible to enhance the strength of the support, resulting in a simplified foundation capable of withstanding long-term use.
Preferably, the support may be provided in the shape of a hollow, roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body.
By shaping the support to have such a hollow, roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body, the support can be bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile. The hollow, roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support can be readily produced, thereby making it possible to provide a low-cost simplified foundation. In addition, the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support itself is strong, and therefore it is possible to provide a simplified foundation capable of withstanding long-term use.
Preferably, the support may include: a holed portion provided in the upper portion, thereby making it possible to view the inside of the support; an anchor bolt to be inserted from the bottom toward the holed portion; and a lid allowing the anchor bolt to pass therethrough, thereby closing the holed portion.
When inserting the pile to be driven, the drive pile can be driven into an appropriate position by looking into the holed portion. In addition, when inserting the anchor bolt, it is possible to confirm the position of the anchor bolt by looking into the holed portion. Thus, the construction can be readily performed.
Preferably, at least a part of the outer rim of the lid may be narrower than at least a part of the inner rim of the holed portion.
As a result, a gap is created between the holed portion and the lid, and therefore it is possible to move the lid. Thus, when attaching the target construction product, it is possible to fine-tune the position of the anchor bolt, which facilitates ease of construction.
Preferably, the support may further include an attachment bracket attached to the anchor bolt for securing the target construction product, and the attachment bracket may have a gap for allowing a nut to be tightened on the anchor bolt.
As a result, the anchor bolt and the target construction product can be attached to the attachment bracket.
Preferably, the support may further include at least one cylindrical guide member for guiding the drive pile, and the guide member may be disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with the inclination angle of the drive pile, and is joined to either one or both hemispheres of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body.
In this manner, by providing the cylindrical guide member, it becomes possible to drive the drive pile into the soil at an appropriate inclination angle, which facilitates ease of construction. Furthermore, in the present invention, the guide member and the support are joined to either one or both hemispheres of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body. That is, the junction is positioned in the bowl-shaped portion of the support. In the bowl-shaped portion, the load of the target construction product is mostly distributed in the tangential direction of the bowl. As a result, the load distributed in the movement direction of the guide member becomes smaller than the load distributed in the tangential direction. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the load directly imposed on the guide member to the greatest possible extent. Thus, it is possible to prevent the junction between the guide member and the support from being broken, thereby making it possible to enhance the strength of the support, resulting in a simplified foundation capable of withstanding long-term use.
Preferably, the guide member may be disposed at the same angle as another guide member adjacent thereto.
As a result, the load of the target construction product can be uniformly dispersed to a plurality of drive piles. Thus, it is possible to provide a simplified foundation capable of stably supporting the target construction product.
Preferably, the inclination angle of the guide member may be 40 to 60 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane.
As a result, vertical and horizontal load bearing capacities can be appropriately provided, thereby making it possible to prevent settlement and translation of the target construction product.
Preferably, the drive pile may include at least a set of a cylindrical first drive pile and a second drive pile having an inner diameter smaller than that of the first drive pile, and the second drive pile may be driven into the soil after the first drive pile is driven, through the inside of the cylindrical first drive pile.
As a result, the second drive pile can be driven after driving the first drive pile, so that the load bearing capacity can be enhanced compared to the case where only the first drive pile is driven.
Preferably, the second drive pile may be cylindrical, and the simplified foundation may further include a soil-side tip member to be attached to each soil-side tip of the first and second piles when driving the first and second drive piles, the soil-side tip member including a first protrusion smaller than the inner diameter of the first drive pile, and a second protrusion smaller than the inner diameter of the second drive pile.
In this manner, by using the soil-side tip member, it becomes possible to prevent the soil from entering the first drive pile when the first drive pile is driven. Accordingly, when driving the second drive pile, it is possible to insert the second drive pile into the first drive pile, and further drive the second drive pile through the first drive pile. Thus, it is possible to lower the point at which to hit the second drive pile, thereby facilitating ease of work.
Preferably, the support may include at least one cylindrical guide member for guiding the first and second drive piles, the second drive pile may be cylindrical, and the simplified foundation may further include a hammering-side tip member with a tip having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the guide member.
As a result, when driving the first and second drive piles, it is possible to protect their hammering-side tips. In addition, the first and second drive piles can be readily hammered.
Preferably, the simplified foundation may further include a cap member attached to the hammering-side tip of the first drive pile.
As a result, it is possible to prevent any foreign material from entering the drive pile.
In one embodiment, the support may include upper and lower supporting portions separable from each other, the upper and lower supporting portions being joined when being installed in the soil.
As a result, the simplified foundation can be readily constructed. In addition, when a relatively larger-sized simplified foundation is needed, such a support separable into upper and lower portions is used to further facilitate easy construction of the simplified foundation.
The present invention is also directed to a simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, including: at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner; a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, the support being provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body; and at least one cylindrical guide member disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile for guiding the drive pile joined to either one or both hemispheres of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support, wherein the support has styrene foam embedded in at least a portion thereof.
In such a simplified foundation, the buoyancy of the styrene foam prevents settlement of the simplified foundation.
The present invention is also directed to a simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, including: at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner; a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, the support being provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body; and at least one cylindrical guide member disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile for guiding the drive pile joined to an upper or lower hemisphere of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support, wherein the support has concrete injected into at least a portion thereof.
In such a simplified foundation, the support has an enhanced load bearing capacity.
The present invention is also directed to a simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, including: at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner; and a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, the support being provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body that can be separated into upper and lower portions, wherein the support has concrete injected into at least the lower portion of the separable roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body.
In such a simplified foundation having concrete injected into its lower hemisphere, the burden of transportation can be alleviated compared to the case where concrete is injected into the entire support.
The present invention is also directed to a groundwork method for constructing a foundation for a target construction product, including the steps of: installing a hollow support being bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile; and driving the drive pile into the soil after inserting the drive pile into a holed portion provided in the support.
Preferably, the step of driving the drive pile into the soil may include inserting the drive pile through a cylindrical guide member joined at least to the bowl-shaped portion of the support so as to be inclined in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile, thereby driving the drive pile into the soil.
Preferably, the drive pile may include at least a set of a cylindrical first drive pile and a second drive pile having an inner diameter smaller than that of the first drive pile, and the second drive pile may be driven into the soil after the first drive pile is driven, through the inside of the cylindrical first drive pile.
Preferably, the support may be provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body that can be separated into upper and lower portions, and the step of installing the support may include coupling the lower hemisphere of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body to the upper hemisphere of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body before installing the support.
The present invention uses a hollow, bowl-shaped support provided in the shape of, for example, a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body, thereby making it possible to provide a simplified foundation that has a strong load bearing capacity and can be readily constructed without using any concrete. In addition, the guide member for guiding the drive pile is joined to the bowl-shaped portion, thereby preventing the junction between the guide member and the support from being broken, and further enhancing the strength of the support. As a result, the simplified foundation can withstand long-term use. Furthermore, by using the first and second drive piles, it is possible to enhance the load bearing capacity. When driving the first and second drive piles, the soil-side tip member is used to lower the point at which to hammer the second drive pile, thereby facilitating ease of work. In addition, by using the hammering-side tip member, the first and second drive piles can be readily hammered.
These and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of a simplified foundation 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of a support 2;

FIG. 3 is a front view illustrating the structure of the support 2;

FIG. 4 is a top view illustrating the structure of the support 2;

FIG. 5 is a bottom view illustrating the structure of the support 2;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating the structures of a holed portion 9 and a lid 4 of the support 2;

FIG. 7 is a front view illustrating the structure of the simplified foundation 1 having the drive piles inserted therethrough;

FIG. 8 is a front view illustrating the structure of the simplified foundation 1, in which the position of an anchor bolt 8 is clearly shown;

FIG. 9 is a view illustrating the positional relationship between

guide members

3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d and first drive piles 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d;

FIG. 10 is a view illustrating second drive piles 11 a and 11 b being driven;

FIG. 11A is a front view of a soil-side tip member 13 for use in driving each of the first and second drive piles;

FIG. 11B is a bottom view of the soil-side tip member 13;

FIG. 11C is a top view of the soil-side tip member 13;

FIG. 12A is a front view of a hammering-side tip member 14 for use in driving each of the first and second drive piles;

FIG. 12B is a bottom view of the hammering-side tip member 14;

FIG. 12C is a top view of the hammering-side tip member 14;

FIG. 13A is a top view of a cap member 15 to be attached to the hammering-side tip of the first drive pile;

FIG. 13B is a front view of the cap member 15;

FIG. 13C is a bottom view of the cap member 15;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating a simplified foundation 1 a according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15A is a front view illustrating the structure of a support 41 of a simplified foundation according to a third embodiment;

FIG. 15B is another front view illustrating the structure of the support 41 of the simplified foundation according to the third embodiment;

FIG. 16A is a front view illustrating the structure of a support 51 of another simplified foundation according to the third embodiment;

FIG. 16B is another front view illustrating the structure of the support 51 of the other simplified foundation according to the third embodiment;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing how the dimensions of the support 51 are defined; and

FIG. 18 is a perspective view illustrating a simplified foundation disclosed in Patent Document 7.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of a simplified foundation 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The Simplified Foundation 1 is Made Up of metal, and is intended for supporting a construction product to be supported thereon. The simplified foundation 1 includes a support 2, a lid 4, an attachment bracket 5, a washer 6, a nut 7, and an anchor bolt 8, as shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of the support 2. FIG. 3 is a front view illustrating the structure of the support 2. FIG. 4 is a top view illustrating the structure of the support 2. FIG. 5 is a bottom view illustrating the structure of the support 2. The support 2 includes guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d, and a holed portion 9. The support 2 is provided in the form of a hollow, roughly-spherical body. The guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d are cylindrical pipes for guiding first drive piles 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d, respectively (see FIG. 7 to be described later). The first drive piles 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d are driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner. The guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d are angularly disposed in accordance with the inclination angle of the first drive piles 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d. The support 2 has holes provided therein to accord with the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d, which are inserted through the holes, and joined at contact points with the support 2 in the upper hemisphere (for example, U1 shown in FIG. 2) and the lower hemisphere (for example, U2 shown in FIG. 2) of the roughly-spherical support 2. As for the joining method, any well-known method, such as welding or bolting, can be used.
The holed portion 9 is provided at the top of the support 2, thereby making it possible to view the inside of the support 2. The holed portion 9 can be closed with the lid 4. The anchor bolt 8 can be inserted into a hole 10 at the bottom of the support 2. The lid 9 has provided therein a hole for allowing the anchor bolt 8 to pass therethrough (a hole 4 a shown in FIG. 6 to be described later). The attachment bracket 5 is fitted on the anchor bolt 8 projecting from the hole 4 a. The attachment bracket 5 is secured on the lid 4 via the washer 6 and the nut 7. The attachment bracket 5 includes a plurality of holes 5 a for securing the target construction product, for example, via bolts or screws.
The guide member 3 b is disposed, extending from the upper hemisphere of the spherical support 2 to the lower hemisphere at an inclination angle θ with respect to the horizontal plane, as shown in FIG. 3. The guide members 3 a, 3 c, and 3 d are similarly disposed, extending from the upper hemisphere of the spherical support 2 to the lower hemisphere at the inclination angle θ. When projecting the guide members 3 a and 3 b in the direction toward the front, the angle between the guide members 3 a and 3 b is, for example, 80 degrees, as shown in FIG. 3. In this case, the inclination angle θ is set to 50 degrees. When considering vertical and horizontal load bearing capacities, the inclination angle θ is preferably set within the range from 40 to 60 degrees, but is not limited to such a range.
When projecting the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d in the direction toward the top or bottom surface, the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d are disposed such that sets of adjacent guide members are uniformly angled, as can be appreciated from FIGS. 4 and 5. For example, the adjacent guide members may be disposed at an angle of 90 degrees. As a result, the load of the target construction product is uniformly dispersed.
The guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d are disposed so as to keep out of the path of the anchor bolt 8, so that the anchor bolt 8 inserted into the hole 10 can reach the holed portion 9, as shown in FIG. 4. The inside of the support 2 can be viewed from the holed portion 9. Accordingly, the anchor bolt 8 can be readily inserted.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating the structures of the holed portion 9 and the lid 4 of the support 2. The lid 4 is formed to have a stepped cross section as could be embodied by placing a large- and a small-sized disk on each other. The holed portion 9 has a stepped cross section with a top opening larger than a bottom opening. The holed portion 9 and the lid 4 are sized to create gaps 4 b and 4 c when placing the lid 4 on the holed portion 9, as shown in FIG. 6. Such gaps can be created by configuring the lid 4 and the holed portion 9 such that at least a part of the outer rim of the lid 4 is narrower than at least a part of the inner rim of the holed portion 9. When attaching the target construction product to the attachment bracket 5, the nut 7 is loosened to displace the lid 4, thereby making it possible to fine-tune the position of the attachment bracket 5. Thus, it is possible to secure the target construction product in an optimal position.
The attachment bracket 5 includes a bottom plate 5 c and a top plate 5 b, as shown in FIG. 1. The bottom plate 5 c has provided therein a hole in which to insert the anchor bolt 8. The top plate 5 b acts as a base of the target construction product. The anchor bolt 8 is tightened with the nut 7 within a space between the bottom plate 5 c and the top plate 5 b, so that the nut 7 can be readily loosened.
FIG. 7 is a front view illustrating the structure of the simplified foundation 1 having the drive piles inserted therethrough. The first drive piles 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d are cylindrical pipes. The outer diameter of each of the first drive piles 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d is smaller than the inner diameter of each of the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d. The first drive piles 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d are inserted through the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d, respectively, and driven into the soil by a pile driver or a hammer. Note that the first drive piles 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d and the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d may be joined via bolts or welding.
FIG. 8 is a front view illustrating the structure of the simplified foundation 1, in which the position of the anchor bolt 8 is clearly shown. The anchor bolt 8 penetrates upward so as to keep out of contact with the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d, as shown in FIG. 8.
FIG. 9 is a top view illustrating the positional relationship between the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d and the first drive piles 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d. Since the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d are disposed at a uniform angle, the first drive piles 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, and 10 d are driven into the soil also at the uniform angle. As a result, the load on the target construction product is dispersed. For example, when there are four guide members as shown in FIG. 9, the guide members 3 a and 3 b are disposed so as to be in parallel with each other when they are projected in the direction as shown in the top view. In addition, the guide members 3 c and 3 d are also disposed so as to be in parallel with each other when they are projected in the direction as shown in the top view. Furthermore, the guide members 3 a and 3 b and the guide members 3 c and 3 d are disposed so as to be perpendicular to each other when they are projected in the direction as shown in the top view. With such an arrangement, the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d are disposed at a uniform angle. For example, the guide member 3 a penetrates through the spherical body to its bottom so as not to pass immediately below the holes for the guide members 3 b and 3 c provided in the upper hemisphere of the spherical body. The guide members 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d similarly penetrate through the spherical body. In this manner, the holes provided in the spherical body are uniformly arranged at the upper and lower hemispheres of the spherical body, thereby preventing the strength of the spherical body itself from being reduced. Note that the arrangement of the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d is not limited to the above.
FIG. 10 is a view illustrating second drive piles 11 a and 11 b being driven. Note that in FIG. 10, the first and second drive piles to be driven through the guide members 3 c and 3 d are omitted to simplify the figure. The first drive pile 10 a and the second drive pile 11 a are paired. The second drive piles 11 a and 11 b are longer than the first drive piles 10 a and 10 b. In addition, the first drive pile 10 b and the second drive pile 11 b are paired. The outer diameter of each of the second drive piles 11 a and 11 b is smaller than the inner diameter of each of the first drive piles 10 a and 10 b. After embedding the support 2 into a hole dug in the soil and driving the first drive piles 10 a and 10 b into the soil, the second drive piles 11 a and 11 b are driven through the inside of the cylindrical first drive piles 10 a and 10 b, respectively. The piles for the guide members 3 c and 3 d are similarly driven into the soil. In this manner, the second drive piles can be driven after the first drive piles when the vertical load bearing capacity and/or the horizontal load bearing capacity are/is not sufficient. Note that the first and second drive piles and the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d may be joined via bolts or welding, for example. Note that in FIG. 10, the second drive piles 11 a and 11 b are shown to be longer than the first drive piles 10 a and 10 b, but the second drive piles 11 a and 11 b may be shorter than the first drive piles 10 a and 10 b. When the second drive piles 11 a and 11 b are shorter than the first drive piles 10 a and 10 b, the second drive piles 11 a and 11 b may be driven by bringing auxiliary piles into contact with the hammering-side ends of the second drive piles 11 a and 11 b, and pressing the auxiliary piles upon the second drive piles 11 a and 11 b.
FIG. 11A is a front view of a soil-side tip member 13 for use in driving each of the first and second drive piles. FIG. 11B is a bottom view of the soil-side tip member 13. FIG. 11C is a top view of the soil-side tip member 13. In the case of using the soil-side tip member 13, each second drive pile is cylindrical. The soil-side tip member 13 is attached to each of the first and second drive piles at its soil-side tip. The tip of the soil-side tip member 13 constitutes an apex 13 a. The soil-side tip member 13 includes a protrusion 13 b having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of each first drive pile, and a protrusion 13 c having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of each second drive pile.
Before driving the first drive pile into the soil, the soil-side tip member 13 is initially attached to the tip of the first drive pile, and inserted into the guide member. With the first drive pile being driven into the soil, the soil-side tip member 13 is located at the tip of the first drive pile in the soil. Since the soil-side tip member 13 is located at the tip of the first drive pile, the soil does not enter the first drive pile. Accordingly, when driving the second drive pile into the soil, it is possible to smoothly insert the second drive pile through the tip of the first drive pile. Therefore, even when driving the second drive pile longer than the first drive pile, it is not necessary to set a high hammering point. When the second drive pile is inserted into the first drive pile, the protrusion 13 c is placed in the second drive pile. Thereafter, the second drive pile is driven into the soil. In this manner, by using the soil-side tip member 13, it becomes possible to smoothly drive the second drive pile into the soil without setting a high hammering point.
Note that the protrusions 13 b and 13 c may be the same. Specifically, the soil-side tip member 13 may have a protrusion extending from the apex 13 a and having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the second drive pile. However, when considering displacement of the soil-side tip member 13, it is preferable that the outer diameter of the protrusion 13 b be almost the same as the inner diameter of the first drive pile, and the outer diameter of the protrusion 13 c be almost the same as the inner diameter of the second drive pile.
FIG. 12A is a front view of a hammering-side tip member 14 for use in driving each of the first and second drive piles. FIG. 12B is a bottom view of the hammering-side tip member 14. FIG. 12C is a top view of the hammering-side tip member 14. In the case of using the hammering-side tip member 14, each second drive pile is cylindrical. The hammering-side tip member 14 is attached to each of the first and second drive piles at its hammering-side tip. The hammering-side tip member 14 includes a protrusion 14 b having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of each first drive pile, and a protrusion 14 c having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of each second drive pile.
Initially, the hammering-side tip member 14 is attached to the hammering-side tip of the first drive pile, and the first drive pile is inserted into the guide member. By hammering the hammering-side tip member 14 at its tip 14 a, the first drive pile is driven into the soil. The outer diameter of the tip 14 a is larger than the inner diameter of the guide member. Therefore, when driving the first drive pile, the hammering-side tip member 14 is not entirely loaded into the guide member. After driving the first drive pile, the hammering-side tip member 14 is removed from the guide member. Thereafter, the second drive pile is driven as in the case of the first drive pile. In this manner, since the tip 14 a of the hammering-side tip member 14 has the outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the guide member, it is possible to sequentially drive the first and second drive piles.
Note that the protrusions 14 b and 14 c may be the same. Specifically, the hammering-side tip member 14 may have a protrusion extending from the tip 14 a and having the outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the second drive pile. However, when considering displacement of the hammering-side tip member 14, it is preferable that the outer diameter of the protrusion 14 b be almost the same as the inner diameter of the first drive pile, and the outer diameter of the protrusion 14 c be almost the same as the inner diameter of the second drive pile.
FIG. 13A is a top view of a cap member 15 to be attached to the hammering-side tip of the first drive pile. FIG. 13B is a front view of the cap member 15. FIG. 13C is a bottom view of the cap member 15. The cap member 15 has a recess 15 a roughly the same size as the outer diameter of the first drive pile. The first drive pile is inserted into the recess 15 a. Since the cap member 15 is attached to the hammering-side tip of the first drive pile, it is possible to prevent any undesirable substance from entering the first drive pile, thereby preventing degradation of the simplified foundation.
As described above, the first embodiment uses the hollow support 2 into which the drive piles are inserted to construct the foundation. As a result, it is possible to provide a simplified foundation that can be readily constructed without using any concrete. Also, the first embodiment uses the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d by which the drive piles are guided, further facilitating ease of construction.
Moreover, since the support 2 has a roughly-spherical body, the load on the support 2 is distributed in the tangential direction of the spherical surface, and in the central direction of the spherical body. In the case of the spherical structure, as in the case of the arched structure, most of the load is distributed in the tangential direction of the spherical surface, providing a force to compress the spherical body. Specifically, the force distributed in the central direction of the spherical body is significantly smaller than the force distributed in the tangential direction of the spherical surface. As such, since the force directed to the center of the support 2 is small, it is possible to prevent the support 2 itself from being broken after long-term use. Therefore, even without using any concrete, it is possible to provide a simplified foundation having a support with enhanced strength.
Furthermore, in the first embodiment, the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d are joined to the roughly-spherical body either at its upper or lower hemisphere. The force distributed in the central direction of the spherical body, i.e., the force applied to the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d, is smaller than the force acting in the tangential direction. Therefore, at the junctions between the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d and the support 2, the forces applied parallel to the movement directions of the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d are smaller than those vertically applied to the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d. The forces vertically applied to the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d are withstood by the entire spherical body, and therefore the breaking impact of the vertical forces on the junctions is small. On the other hand, the parallel forces are withstood only by the junctions, and therefore the breaking impact of the parallel forces on the junctions is large. However, since the parallel forces are small, the present embodiment can prevent breakage of the junctions to the greatest possible extent. As a result, it is possible to provide a simplified foundation capable of withstanding long-term use.
In addition, the simplified foundation according to the first embodiment is provided at low cost because basically it can be produced by processing a spherical body, pipes, and plates made up of a versatile metal material. Furthermore, such a foundation is recyclable.
Note that the shape of the support is not limited to the roughly-spherical body. For example, the support may have a roughly-oval-spherical body. So long as the support is hollow, it is possible to achieve a simplified foundation without using any concrete, and therefore the roughly-spherical body and the roughly-oval-spherical body are not restrictive. When considering the bearing strength of the support against the load thereon, the support may be bowl-shaped at least from a part on which to attach the target construction product (including the lid 4 and the holed portion 9 in the first embodiment) downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile (including the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d in the first embodiment). When the support has a bowl-shaped upper portion, it is expected that the load of the target construction product is dispersed over the entire bowl-shaped surface, preventing the support itself from being broken due to the load thereon. In this case, the bottom of the target construction product is not limited to any particular shape, and it may be bowl-shaped, flat-shaped, or rectangular-columnar-shaped.
In the case where the support has a bowl-shaped upper portion and the guide members are provided, the guide members may be angularly disposed in accordance with the inclination angle of the drive piles, and may be joined to the support at least at the bowl-shaped portion. By configuring the support to have a bowl-shaped upper portion, and joining the guide members to the bowl-shaped portion, it becomes possible to render the parallel force applied to the guide members smaller than the vertical force. Accordingly, breakage of the junctions can be prevented to the greatest possible extent. As a result, it is possible to provide a simplified foundation capable of withstanding long-term use.

Second Embodiment

FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating a simplified foundation 1 a according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 14, elements having similar functions to those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference characters, and any descriptions thereof will be omitted herein. As described in the first embodiment, by providing the support in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body, such that at least its upper portion is bowl-shaped, it becomes possible to enhance the strength of the support itself.
Accordingly, for the purpose of driving the drive piles, only holes 31 a, 31 b, 32 a, 32 b, 33 a, 33 b, 34 a, and 34 b in which to insert the drive piles may be provided without providing the guide members 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, and 3 d, as shown in FIG. 14.
In FIG. 14, when the drive pile is inserted into the hole 31 a, it passes through the hole 31 b to be driven into the soil. When the drive pile is inserted into the hole 32 a, it passes through the hole 32 b to be driven into the soil. When the drive pile is inserted into the hole 33 a, it passes through the hole 33 b to be driven into the soil. When the drive pile is inserted into the hole 34 a, it passes through the hole 34 b to be driven into the soil. When driving the drive pile, the position of the drive pile can be confirmed from the holed portion 9 (not shown in FIG. 14), and therefore it is possible to insert the drive pile into an appropriate hole.
As described in the second embodiment, in the present invention, so long as the support is hollow and bowl-shaped at least from a part on which to attach the target construction product (including the lid 4 and the holed portion 9 in FIG. 14) downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile (including the holes 31 a, 32 a, 33 a, and 34 a in FIG. 14), it is possible to provide a simplified foundation having a support with enhanced strength without using any concrete.

Third Embodiment

FIGS. 15A and 15B are front views each illustrating the structure of a support 41 of a simplified foundation according to a third embodiment. Elements other than those of the structure shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B are the same as those in the second embodiment. In the third embodiment, the support 41 provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical body can be separated into an upper supporting portion 41 a and a lower supporting portion 41 b. The upper supporting portion 41 a and the lower supporting portion 41 b have their respective flange joints 41 c and 41 d. The separate upper and lower portions of the support 41 are joined at junctions 42 and 43 via bolts and nuts, for example. Note that in FIG. 15B, the upper supporting portion 41 a and the lower supporting portion 41 b are joined at two places in their peripheries, but the number of junctions is not limited. The upper supporting portion 41 a and the lower supporting portion 41 b may be joined at least at one place in their peripheries. Also, the joining method is not limited to bolts and nuts, and any well-known method, such as welding or bonding, can be used. After the upper supporting portion 41 a and the lower supporting portion 41 b are coupled, the support 41 is placed in the soil. Note that a hole 44 a corresponds to a hole 44 b, a hole 45 a corresponds to a hole 45 b (not shown), a hole 46 a corresponds to a hole 46 b (not shown), and a hole 47 a (not shown) corresponds to a hole 47 b. The drive pile is inserted into a pair of corresponding holes.
FIGS. 16A and 16B are front views each illustrating the structure of a support 51 of another simplified foundation according to the third embodiment. Elements other than those of the structure shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B are the same as those in the second embodiment. The support 51 provided in the shape of a roughly-oval-spherical body can be separated into an upper supporting portion 51 a and a lower supporting portion 51 b. The upper supporting portion 51 a and the lower supporting portion 51 b have their respective flange joints 51 c and 51 d. The separate upper and lower portions of the support 51 are joined at junctions 52 and 53 via bolts and nuts, for example. Note that in FIG. 16B, the upper supporting portion 51 a and the lower supporting portion 51 b are joined at two places in their peripheries, but the number of junctions is not limited. The upper supporting portion 51 a and the lower supporting portion 51 b may be joined at least at one place in their peripheries. Also, the joining method is not limited to bolts and nuts, and any well-known method, such as welding or bonding, can be used. After the upper supporting portion 51 a and the lower supporting portion 51 b are coupled, the support 51 is placed in the soil. Note that a hole 54 a corresponds to a hole 54 b, a hole 55 a corresponds to a hole 55 b (not shown), a hole 56 a corresponds to a hole 56 b (not shown), and a hole 57 a (not shown) corresponds to a hole 57 b. The drive pile is inserted into a pair of corresponding holes.
As described in the third embodiment, by configuring the support to be separated into the upper and lower portions, it becomes possible to transport the support in a separated state to the construction site. Accordingly, it is possible to effectively utilize the loading space for transportation compared to the case of transporting the inseparable roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support. In the third embodiment also, the lower supporting portion is not limited to any particular shape so long as the support has a bowl-shaped upper portion.
Note that in the third embodiment, the guide members may be joined at their corresponding holes after the upper and lower supporting portions are joined.
(Variants)
The following variants are possible for the first through third embodiments. For example, styrene foam may be embedded in at least a part of the support, thereby making it possible to prevent the simplified foundation from sinking in marshes.
Also, in the case of construction sites where concrete mixer trucks can enter, concrete may be injected into at least a part of the support depending on circumstances, thereby making it possible to further enhance the load bearing capacity. In such a case, concrete may be injected from the holed portion 9. Alternatively, concrete may be injected before carrying-in.
Also, in the case of using a support that can be separated into upper and lower portions as in the third embodiment, concrete may be injected into at least the lower roughly-hemispherical or roughly-oval-hemispherical portion of the support. In such a case, if any guide members are used, it is possible to inject concrete not only at the construction site but also before carrying-in. Since only the lower half of the support is injected with concrete, the burden of carrying-in can be alleviated to some extent.
In the above embodiments, at least one drive pile, preferably more than one drive pile, may be used. The number of guide members to be provided may accord with the number of drive piles. In addition, the drive pile dose not have to be cylindrical. The drive pile and the guide member are not limited to such a circular-columnar shape, and they may be provided in the shape of a prismatic column or other shapes.

Size Examples

In the first through third embodiments, the simplified foundation can be sized as below. First, in the case of using the roughly-spherical support 2 as shown in the first embodiment, for example, the support 2 can be sized to have an outer diameter of 8 inches (203.2 mm), 10 inches (254.0 mm), 12 inches (304.8 mm), or 14 inches (355.6 mm).
Described next are possible sizes of the roughly-oval-spherical support 51 as shown in the third embodiment. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing how the dimensions of the support 51 are defined. As shown in FIG. 17, the support 51 is defined for each of the upper and lower supporting portions 51 a and 51 b in terms of inner diameter D, internal radius R at the center, flange length L, radius r of the rounded corner, and height H excluding the flange. Note that the origin of internal radius R does not have to be located on inner diameter D. For example, R=D, r=0.1 D, and H=0.194 D. While R is in the range from 400 mm to 1500 mm, the upper and lower supporting portions 51 a and 51 b can be provided with R incrementing by 50 mm. Also, while R is in the range from 1500 mm and 3000, the upper and lower supporting portions 51 a and 51 b can be provided with R incrementing by 100 mm.
In this manner, the simplified foundations of the present invention can be provided in various sizes, and therefore they can be advantageously used as foundations for construction products, such as bridges, sidewalks, steps, fences, benches, tables, and play equipment. For small-sized construction products, such as benches and fences, small-sized simplified foundations may be used. For medium-sized construction products, such as bridge beams, large-sized separable simplified foundations may be used.

Experimental Examples

The simplified foundation 1 shown in the first embodiment was actually produced, and subjected to load testing to measure its ultimate load bearing capacity. The simplified foundation 1 used in the testing included the spherical support 2 having a diameter of 267 mm. Three length classes (1 m, 2 m, and 3 m) of drive piles were used, each class consisting of four, or four pairs of, drive piles. The 1-m drive piles (four first drive piles 10 a) were 42.7 mm in diameter. The 2-m drive piles (four first drive piles 10 a) were 42.7 mm in diameter. The 3-m drive piles included four 2-m first drive piles 10 a measuring 42.7 mm in diameter each paired with a 3-m second drive pile 11 a measuring 34.0 mm in diameter. Although the second drive pile 11 a in each pair is three meters long, the portion of the second drive pile 11 a projecting from the tip of the first drive pile 10 a was one meter long, and therefore the entire length of the drive pile pair was three meters long. Note that the guide members 3 a through 3 d were 0.3 meter long. Accordingly, the portion of the drive pile that was driven and brought into the soil to effectively act as a part of the foundation had a length equivalent to the pile length minus 0.3 meter.
The testing was conducted in private at the sandy-soiled ground within a golf course in Hyogo, Japan, in accordance with the following procedures. First, a Swedish sounding test was conducted (in compliance with JIS A1221) to confirm whether the ground in which to install the simplified foundations 1 was soft. Next, a plate load test was conducted (in compliance with the Japanese Geotechnical Society standard JGS 1521-2003) after installing the simplified foundations 1 in the ground and driving the drive piles into the soil. The plate load test was performed on the simplified foundations 1 with the pile lengths of 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m, respectively.
The results of the Swedish sounding test are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows N-values versus depth regarding the site No. 1, and the site No. 2 near the site No. 1. As for the site No. 1, the N-value reached 24.3 for a depth of 2.90 m. Also, as for the site No. 2, the N-value reached 11.4 for a depth of 2.50 m. Accordingly, strata having a depth of 2.50 m or more were not suitable for the test. In the tested simplified foundations 1, the inclination angle of the guide members 3 a through 3 d was set at 40 degrees, so that the tips of the drive piles reached a depth of up to about 2 m. The test strata excluding those having a depth of 2.90 m (the site No. 1) and 2.50 m (the site No. 2) had the average N-value of 3.0. Accordingly, the test strata were sandy-soiled and soft, which was therefore suitable for verifying the effect of the simplified foundations 1.

	TABLE 1

	No. 1		No. 2

Depth D:		Depth D:
(m)	N-value	(m)	N-value

0.25	2.0	0.25	2.0
0.50	2.5	0.50	3.6
0.75	2.8	0.75	2.8
1.00	2.5	1.00	3.1
1.25	2.3	1.25	4.1
1.50	2.0	1.50	5.2
1.75	2.8	1.75	3.6
2.00	3.6	2.00	3.1
2.25	2.8	2.25	3.6
2.50	2.5	2.50	11.4
2.75	3.1
2.90	24.3

Next, the plate load test was conducted. A load device was composed of a load plate, a separable hydraulic jack, a standpipe, and a reaction device. After placing a steel disk measuring 300 mm in diameter and 25 mm in thickness on the simplified foundation 1 as the load plate, the hydraulic jack was placed on the load plate, and the standpipe was disposed between the hydraulic jack and the reaction device such that the reaction force of the hydraulic jack was received by the reaction device. The reaction device used was a backhoe. The load plate, the hydraulic jack, the standpipe, and the reaction device were assembled together in such a manner that no eccentric load was applied. A measurement device was composed of a load meter and a settlement measurement device. The settlement measurement device was attached to a fixed girder to measure the settlement of the simplified foundation. The test device thus installed conducted the load test with the maximum loaded weight of 10.5 t, and the load pitch of 1.3125 t, in accordance with a multi-cycle method consisting of eight stages. The results of the load test are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Pile length: 1 m	Pile length: 2 m	Pile length: 3 m

Total	Hysteretic		Total	Hysteretic		Total	Hysteretic
settlement	settlement	P/Δ	settlement	settlement	P/Δ	settlement	settlement	P/Δ
(mm)	(mm)	(t/m)	(mm)	(mm)	(t/m)	(mm)	(mm)	(t/m)

1st stage	Start of	3.18		416	4.90		270	3.12		425
P = 1.31 t	retention
	End of	3.68			5.55			3.51
	retention
	Creep	0.49			0.65			0.39
	settlement
2nd stage	Start of	10.12		206	13.27		172	8.03		293
P = 2.62 t	retention
	End of	11.90			15.67			9.12
	retention
	Creep	1.79			2.40			1.09
	settlement
No load	Start of	8.53			13.63			7.85
P = 0.0 t	retention
	End of	8.06			13.40			7.75
	retention
	Creep	−0.48			−0.23			−0.10
	settlement
1st stage	Start of	10.50	2.45	542	15.02	1.63	815	8.34	0.59	2246
(hysteretic)	retention
P = 1.31 t	End of	10.58	2.53		15.09	1.69		8.37	0.62
	retention
	Creep	0.08	0.08		0.07	0.07		0.03	0.03
	settlement
2nd stage	Start of	12.40	4.35	728	16.22	2.82	1176	9.59	1.85	1079
(hysteretic)	retention
P = 2.62 t	End of	12.88	4.83		16.94	3.54		9.78	2.03
	retention
	Creep	0.48	0.48		0.72	0.72		0.19	0.19
	settlement
3rd stage	Start of	21.05		162	29.30		107	15.16		246
P = 3.94 t	retention
	End of	31.15			32.78			17.89
	retention
	Creep	10.10			3.47			2.72
	settlement

4th stage	Start of	load limit	52.16		68	26.61		152
P = 5.25 t	retention
	End of		60.55			30.60
	retention
	Creep		8.39			3.99
	settlement
No load	Start of		55.34			27.93
P = 0.0 t	retention
	End of		55.09			27.54
	retention
	Creep		−0.25			−0.39
	settlement
2nd stage	Start of		57.39	2.31	575	29.44	1.90	696
(hysteretic)	retention
P = 2.62 t	End of		57.54	2.46		29.59	2.06
	retention
	Creep		0.15	0.15		0.15	0.15
	settlement
4th stage	Start of		61.82	6.74	310	32.96	5.42	394
(hysteretic)	retention
P = 5.25 t	End of		63.39	8.30		33.89	6.35
	retention
	Creep		1.56	1.56		0.93	0.93
	settlement

5th stage	Start of	load limit	43.71	135
P = 6.56 t	retention
	End of		49.81
	retention
	Creep		6.10
	settlement
6th stage	Start of		60.24	127
P = 7.87 t	retention
	End of		72.24
	retention
	Creep		12.00
	settlement
No load	Start of		68.10
P = 0.0 t	retention
	End of		67.78
	retention
	Creep		−0.32
	settlement

7th stage				load limit
P = 9.19 t

The ultimate load bearing capacity and the allowable long-term load bearing capacity calculated based on the results in Table 2 are shown in Table 3. The allowable long-term load bearing capacity was set to ⅓ of the ultimate load bearing capacity.

TABLE 3

Pile length:	Pile length:	Pile length:
1 m	2 m	3 m

Ultimate load	3.94	5.25	7.87
bearing capacity
Allowable long-term	1.31	1.75	2.62
load bearing capacity

As shown in Table 3, one simplified foundation 1 achieved the allowable long-term load bearing capacity in the range from 1.31 t to 2.62 t. The construction products previously produced by the present applicant generally had the load weight in the range from 0.5 t to 3.5 t. The above testing demonstrated that such a previous construction product could be sufficiently supported by one or more simplified foundations according to the present example, even if the ground is soft.
The present invention provides simplified foundations that can be readily produced using as little concrete as possible, which is advantageous in the fields of architecture and civil engineering.
While the invention has been described in detail, the foregoing description is in all aspects illustrative and not restrictive. It is understood that numerous other modifications and variations can be devised without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, comprising:

at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner; and

a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion,

wherein the support is hollow and bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile.

2. The simplified foundation according to claim 1, wherein the support is provided in the shape of a hollow, roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body.

3. The simplified foundation according to claim 2, wherein the support includes:

a hole provided in the upper portion, thereby making it possible to view the inside of the support;

an anchor bolt to be inserted from the bottom toward the hole; and

a lid allowing the anchor bolt to pass therethrough, thereby closing the hole.

4. The simplified foundation according to claim 3, wherein at least a part of the outer rim of the lid is narrower than at least a part of the inner rim of the hole.

5. The simplified foundation according to claim 3,

wherein the support further includes an attachment bracket attached to the anchor bolt for securing the target construction product, and

wherein the attachment bracket has a gap for allowing a nut to be tightened on the anchor bolt.

6. The simplified foundation according to claim 2,

wherein the support further includes at least one cylindrical guide member for guiding the drive pile, and

wherein the guide member is disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with the inclination angle of the drive pile, and is joined to either one or both hemispheres of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body.

7. The simplified foundation according to claim 6, wherein the guide member is disposed at the same angle as another guide member adjacent thereto.

8. The simplified foundation according to claim 6, wherein the inclination angle of the guide member is 40 to 60 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane.

9. The simplified foundation according to claim 2, wherein the support includes upper and lower supporting portions separable from each other, the upper and lower supporting portions being joined when being set in the soil.

10. The simplified foundation according to claim 1,

wherein the drive pile includes at least a set of a cylindrical first drive pile and a second drive pile having an inner diameter smaller than that of the first drive pile, and

wherein the second drive pile is driven into the soil after the first drive pile is driven, through the inside of the cylindrical first drive pile.

11. The simplified foundation according to claim 10,

wherein the second drive pile is cylindrical, and

wherein the simplified foundation further comprises a soil-side tip member to be attached to each soil-side tip of the first and second piles when driving the first and second drive piles, the soil-side tip member including a first protrusion smaller than the inner diameter of the first drive pile, and a second protrusion smaller than the inner diameter of the second drive pile.

12. The simplified foundation according to claim 10,

wherein the support includes at least one cylindrical guide member for guiding the first and second drive piles,

wherein the second drive pile is cylindrical, and

wherein the simplified foundation further includes a hammering-side tip member with a tip having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the guide member.

13. The simplified foundation according to claim 10, further comprising a cap member attached to the hammering-side tip of the first drive pile.

14. The simplified foundation according to claim 1,

wherein the support includes at least one cylindrical guide member for guiding the drive pile, and

wherein the guide member is disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile, and is joined at least to the bowl-shaped portion.

15. A simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, comprising:

at least one drive pile to be driven into the soil in an angularly inclined manner;

a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, the support being provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body; and

at least one cylindrical guide member disposed in an angularly inclined manner in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile for guiding the drive pile joined to either one or both hemispheres of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical support,

wherein the support has styrene foam embedded in at least a portion thereof.

16. A simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, comprising:

wherein the support has concrete injected into at least a portion thereof.

17. A simplified foundation made up of metal for supporting a target construction product, comprising:

a support for receiving the drive pile to be inserted therethrough and attaching the target construction product on its upper portion, the support being provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body that can be separated into upper and lower portions,

wherein the support has concrete injected into at least the lower portion of the separable roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body.

18. A groundwork method for constructing a foundation for a target construction product, comprising the steps of:

installing a hollow support being bowl-shaped from a part on which to attach the target construction product downwardly toward any part in which to insert the drive pile; and

driving the drive pile into the soil after inserting the drive pile into a hole provided in the support.

19. The groundwork method according to claim 18, wherein the step of driving the drive pile into the soil includes inserting the drive pile through a cylindrical guide member joined at least to the bowl-shaped portion of the support so as to be inclined in accordance with an inclination angle of the drive pile, thereby driving the drive pile into the soil.

20. The groundwork method according to claim 18,

21. The groundwork method according to claim 18,

wherein the support is provided in the shape of a roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body that can be separated into upper and lower portions, and

wherein the step of installing the support includes coupling the lower hemisphere of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body to the upper hemisphere of the roughly-spherical or roughly-oval-spherical body before installing the support.