US20080280145A1 - Laminates joined by polyurethane hot-melt adhesive and process for bonding plasticizer-containing plastics - Google Patents

Laminates joined by polyurethane hot-melt adhesive and process for bonding plasticizer-containing plastics Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080280145A1
US20080280145A1 US12/149,498 US14949808A US2008280145A1 US 20080280145 A1 US20080280145 A1 US 20080280145A1 US 14949808 A US14949808 A US 14949808A US 2008280145 A1 US2008280145 A1 US 2008280145A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
atoms
hot
radical
melt adhesive
substrate
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US12/149,498
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English (en)
Inventor
Kai Paschkowski
Doreen Scheidler
Urs Burckhardt
Mario Slongo
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Sika Technology AG
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Sika Technology AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Sika Technology AG filed Critical Sika Technology AG
Assigned to SIKA TECHNOLOGY AG reassignment SIKA TECHNOLOGY AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SLONGO, MARIO, BURCKHARDT, URS, PASCHKOWSKI, KAI, SCHEIDLER, DOREEN
Publication of US20080280145A1 publication Critical patent/US20080280145A1/en
Priority to US13/316,232 priority Critical patent/US8932721B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
    • C08G18/12—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
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    • B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B29C65/485—Multi-component adhesives, i.e. chemically curing as a result of the mixing of said multi-components
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/04—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as impregnant, bonding, or embedding substance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/4202—Two or more polyesters of different physical or chemical nature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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    • C08G18/5024—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing primary and/or secondary amino groups
    • C08G18/503—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing primary and/or secondary amino groups being in latent form
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2055/00—Use of specific polymers obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2023/00 - B29K2049/00, e.g. having a vinyl group, as moulding material
    • B29K2055/02—ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
    • B29K2105/0038—Plasticisers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2170/00—Compositions for adhesives
    • C08G2170/20—Compositions for hot melt adhesives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31573—Next to addition polymer of ethylenically unsaturated monomer
    • Y10T428/3158—Halide monomer type [polyvinyl chloride, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31573—Next to addition polymer of ethylenically unsaturated monomer
    • Y10T428/31583—Nitrile monomer type [polyacrylonitrile, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of hot-melt adhesives containing isocyanate groups and to the bonding of plasticizer-containing plastics, more particularly of films.
  • Hot-melt adhesives are adhesives which are based on thermoplastic polymers. These polymers are solid at room temperature but soften on heating to become viscous liquids and can therefore be applied in the form of a melt. In contrast to what are referred to as warm-melt adhesives (warm melts), which have a pastelike consistency and are applied at slightly elevated temperatures, typically in the range from 40 to 80° C., the hot-melt adhesives are applied at temperatures of 80° C. or above, typically 85° C. or above. On cooling to room temperature they solidify and at the same time develop the bond strength. Conventional hot-melt adhesives are non-reactive adhesives. On heating they soften or melt again, so making them unsuited to use at elevated temperature. Furthermore, conventional hot-melt adhesives often show a tendency, even at temperatures well below the softening point, to creep (cold flow).
  • reactive hot-melt adhesives are polyurethane compositions, also referred to for short as PUR-RHM. These compositions are typically composed of polyurethane polymers which contain isocyanate groups and are obtained by reacting suitable polyols with an excess of diisocyanates. Following their application, they rapidly develop a high bond strength, by cooling, and acquire their ultimate properties, more particularly heat distortion resistance and resistance to environmental influences, through the crosslinking of the polyurethane polymer as a result of the reaction of the isocyanate groups with moisture.
  • WO 2007/036575 A1 discloses compositions comprising polyurethane polymers that are solid at room temperature and contain aldimine groups, these compositions being suitable for use as reactive polyurethane hot-melt adhesives.
  • Plastics have for a long time already been bonded using hot-melt adhesives. More particularly they are adhered as a film to supports in laminations. Plastics used are often plasticizer-containing plastics, more particularly in the form of films.
  • plasticizer-containing plastic frequently used for technical purposes is plasticized polyvinyl chloride (pPVC).
  • pPVC plasticized polyvinyl chloride
  • the plasticizer of the plasticizer-containing plastic in an adhesive bond with a plasticizer-free substrate may occasionally even be detected on the surface of the plasticizer-free substrate, it must be assumed that to a large extent the plasticizer migrates from the plasticizer-containing plastic into the adhesive and occasionally even completely through the adhesive. Such migration on the part of a plasticizer, however, is extremely undesirable, since on the one hand, as already mentioned, the adhesive may gradually lose its adhesion to the plastic and, on the other hand, the plasticizer content of the plastic may be greatly reduced, possibly leading to its embrittlement.
  • the invention relates to a coated polymeric film according to Claim 18 , and also to a process for the bonding of a plasticizer-containing plastic according to Claim 19 , and also to the resulting articles according to Claim 38 .
  • the present invention relates to a laminate which has
  • the hot-melt adhesive here comprises at least one polyurethane polymer P, which contains isocyanate groups and is solid at room temperature, and at least one aldimine A.
  • the substrate S 1 (first substrate) is joined to the substrate S 2 (second substrate) via the hot-melt adhesive K, the substrate S 1 and/or the substrate S 2 having been pretreated, where appropriate, with a primer. Furthermore, the substrate S 1 and/or the substrate S 2 are/is a plasticizer-containing plastic.
  • the substrate S 1 , the adhesive K and the substrate S 2 here form a layered construction which is capable, after solidification, or after curing, of the adhesive of transmitting high forces between the two substrates.
  • polymer embraces in the present document on the one hand a group of chemically uniform macromolecules which nevertheless differ in respect of degree of polymerization, molar mass and chain length and have been prepared by a polymerization reaction (addition polymerization, polyaddition, polycondensation).
  • addition polymerization polyaddition, polycondensation
  • derivatives of such a group of macromolecules from polymerization reactions in other words compounds which have been obtained by reactions, such as addition reactions or substitution reactions, for example, of functional groups on existing macromolecules and which may be chemically uniform or chemically non-uniform.
  • prepolymers in other words reactive oligomeric preadducts whose functional groups have participated in the synthesis of macromolecules.
  • polyurethane polymer embraces all polymers which are prepared by the diisocyanate polyaddition process. This also includes those polymers which are virtually or entirely free from urethane groups. Examples of polyurethane polymers are polyether-polyurethanes, polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyureas, polyureas, polyester-polyureas, polyisocyanurates and polycarbodiimides.
  • Root temperature refers to a temperature of 25° C.
  • Substance names beginning with “poly”, such as polyaldimine, polyiso-cyanate, polyol or polyamine, in the present document identify substances which formally contain per molecule two or more of the functional groups that occur in their name.
  • primary amino group in the present document identifies an NH 2 group which is attached to one organic radical
  • secondary amino group identifies an NH group which is attached to two organic radicals, which may also together be part of a ring.
  • aliphatic amino group is an amino group which is attached to an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or arylaliphatic radical. It therefore differs from an “aromatic amino group”, which is attached directly to an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, such as in aniline or 2-aminopyridine, for example.
  • At least one of the substrates S 1 and S 2 is a plasticizer-containing plastic.
  • Plastics considered as plasticizer-containing plastics are, more particularly, plasticized polyvinyl chloride (pPVC) and ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymers (EPDM) and polyurethanes.
  • pPVC plasticized polyvinyl chloride
  • EPDM ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymers
  • a particularly preferred plasticizer-containing plastic is pPVC.
  • Plasticizers appropriate for this invention include, more particularly, phthalates, such as dioctyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, diisoundecyl phthalate and diisotridecyl phthalate, and mixed phthalates, more particularly those of benzyl types; adipic and sebacic esters such as dioctyl adipate and dioctyl sebacate; fatty acid esters; and phosphates, such as tricresyl phosphate, epoxidized soya oils or linseed oils, benzoic esters or sulphonic esters.
  • phthalates such as dioctyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, diisoundecyl phthalate and diisotridecyl phthalate
  • mixed phthalates more particularly those of benzyl types
  • the material in question is more particularly a plastic, more particularly a thermoplastic, preferably a plastic selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, such as polypropylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene (PB); poly(meth)acrylates, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); polystyrene (PS), polyamides, such as polyamide (PA), such as polyamide 11, polyamide 12 or polyamide 66, for example; polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS), unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC), plasticizer-containing plastics, more particularly plasticized polyvinyl chloride (pPVC), ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymers (EPDM) and polyurethanes; blends of these plastics, and their composites.
  • polyolefins such as polypropylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene (PB); poly
  • a “composite” in this document is a material in which at least one plastic has been combined with at least one further material. Suitability is possessed more particularly by composites which comprise fibres and plastics.
  • Preferred substrates S 1 and S 2 are, more particularly, ABS and PC and also their blends and composites.
  • the substrates S 1 and/or S 2 may have been pretreated.
  • a pretreatment may be mechanical, chemical or physicochemical in nature. Examples of pretreatments are abraiding, sandblasting, brushing, treatment with cleaners or solvents, application of an adhesion promoter, an adhesion promoter solution or a primer, or treatment by plasma, corona or flaming. If the substrate is a polyolefin, a pretreatment by plasma, corona or flaming, more particularly by means of an air plasma at atmospheric ambient pressure, is advisable prior to bonding in order to achieve sufficient initial adhesion.
  • Air plasma pretreatments at atmospheric ambient pressure are carried out more particularly using plasma sources of the kind described in detail in EP 0 761 415 A1 and EP 1 335641 A1 and available commercially from the company Plasmatreat GmbH, Steinhagen, Germany, more particularly by means of what is called the OpenAir® Plasma technology.
  • one substrate (S 1 or S 2 ) is pPVC and the other substrate (S 2 or S 1 ) is polycarbonate (PC) or an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) or a PC/ABS blend or a PC/ABS composite.
  • PC polycarbonate
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
  • both substrates, S 1 and S 2 are plasticized polyvinyl chloride (pPVC).
  • At least one of the two substrates S 1 and/or S 2 is in the form of a film.
  • films are meant, more particularly, flexible, substantially two-dimensional plastics in a thickness of 0.05 millimetre to 5 millimetres, which can be rolled up. Consequently the term embraces, as well as films, in the strict sense of thicknesses below 1 mm, also sealing sheets, of the kind typically used to seal tunnels, roofs or swimming pools and having a thickness of typically 1 to 3 mm, in special cases even up to 5 mm.
  • Polymeric films of this kind are typically produced by spreading, casting, calendering or extrusion and are commonly available commercially in rolls or are produced on site. They may be of single-layer or multi-layer construction.
  • the hot-melt adhesive K comprises at least one aldimine A and at least one polyurethane polymer P which contains isocyanate groups and is solid at room temperature.
  • the hot-melt adhesive is, accordingly, a moisture-reactive polyurethane hot-melt adhesive (PUR-RHM).
  • the polyurethane polymer P containing isocyanate groups and solid at room temperature is obtainable through the reaction of at least one polyol with at least one polyisocyanate.
  • polyols Of more particular suitability as polyols are polyether polyols, polyester polyols and polycarbonate polyols, and also mixtures of these polyols.
  • polyether polyols also called polyoxyalkylene polyols
  • polyoxyalkylene polyols are those which are addition-polymerization products of ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2- or 2,3-butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof, optionally polymerized by means of a starter molecule having two or more active hydrogen atoms, such as water, for example, ammonia or compounds having two or more OH or NH groups, such as 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, the isomeric dipropylene glycols and tripropylene glycols, the isomeric butanediols, pentanediols, hexanediols, heptanediols, octanediols, nonanediols, de
  • Use may be made not only of polyoxyalkylene polyols which have a low degree of unsaturation (measured by ASTM D-2849-69 and reported in milliequivalents of unsaturation per gram of polyol (meq/g)), prepared for example by means of what are known as double metal cyanide complex catalysts (DMC catalysts), but also polyoxyalkylene polyols having a higher degree of unsaturation, prepared for example by means of anionic catalysts such as NaOH, KOH or alkali metal alkoxides.
  • DMC catalysts double metal cyanide complex catalysts
  • Particularly suitable polyether polyols are polyoxyalkylene diols and triols, more particularly polyoxyalkylene diols.
  • Particularly suitable polyoxyalkylene diols and triols are polyoxyethylene diols and triols and also polyoxypropylene diols and triols.
  • Particularly suitable polyoxypropylene diols and triols are those having a degree of unsaturation of less than 0.02 meq/g and a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 30 000 g/mol, and also polyoxypropylene diols and triols having a molecular weight of 400 to 8000 g/mol.
  • molecular weight or ‘molar weight’ is meant in the present document always the molecular weight average M n .
  • More particularly suitable are polyoxypropylene diols having a degree of unsaturation of less than 0.02 meq/g and a molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 12 000, more particularly between 1000 and 8000 g/mol.
  • Polyether polyols of this kind are sold, for example, under the trade name Acclaim® by Bayer.
  • EO endcapped ethylene oxide endcapped polyoxypropylene diols and triols.
  • the latter are special polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polyols which are obtained, for example, by subjecting pure polyoxypropylene polyols, after the end of the polypropoxylation, to alkoxylation with ethylene oxide and which, as a result, contain primary hydroxyl groups.
  • Suitable polyester polyols are polyesters which carry at least two hydroxyl groups and are prepared by known methods, more particularly the polycondensation of hydroxycarboxylic acids or the polycondensation of aliphatic and/or aromatic polycarboxylic acids with dihydric or higher polyhydric alcohols.
  • polyester polyols which are prepared from dihydric or trihydric, more particular dihydric, alcohols, such as, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 1,12-hydroxystearyl alcohol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, dimer fatty acid diol (dimerdiol), neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate, glycerol, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane or mixtures of the aforementioned alcohols, with organic dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids,
  • polyester polyols are polyester diols.
  • Polyester diols suitable more particularly are those prepared from adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, dimer fatty acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid as dicarboxylic acid and from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, dimer fatty acid diol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as dihydric alcohol.
  • the polyester polyols advantageously have a molecular weight of 1000 to 15 000 g/mol, more particularly of 1500 to 8000 g/mol, more particularly of 1700 to 5500 g/mol.
  • polyester diols and triols are liquid, amorphous, partially crystalline, and crystalline.
  • Suitable polyester polyols liquid at room temperature are solid not far below room temperature, at temperatures between 0° C. and 25° C. for example, and are used preferably in combination of at least one amorphous, partially crystalline or crystalline polyester polyol.
  • Particular suitability is possessed by amorphous polyester diols and also mixtures of amorphous polyester diols with polyester diols which are liquid at room temperature.
  • Suitable polycarbonate polyols are those of the kind obtainable by polycondensation of, for example, the abovementioned dihydric or trihydric alcohols—those used to synthesize the polyester polyols—with dialkyl carbonates, such as dimethyl carbonate, diaryl carbonates, such as diphenyl carbonate, or phosgene.
  • polycarbonate diols More particularly amorphous polycarbonate diols.
  • polystyrene resin Likewise suitable as polyols are block copolymers which carry at least two hydroxyl groups and which have at least two different blocks with a polyether, polyester and/or polycarbonate structure of the type described above.
  • Preferred polyols are polyester polyols and polycarbonate polyols, more particularly polyester diols and polycarbonate diols.
  • amorphous polyester diols and amorphous polycarbonate diols are particularly preferred, and also mixtures of amorphous polyester or polycarbonate diols with polyester or polycarbonate diols that are liquid at room temperature.
  • polyester diols more particularly amorphous polyester diols, and also to mixtures of amorphous polyester diols with polyester diols that are liquid at room temperature.
  • Polyisocyanates that may be used for preparing a polyurethane polymer P include commercially customary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates, more particularly diisocyanates, examples being the following:
  • 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 2-methylpentamethylene-1,5 diisocyanate, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), 1,10-decamethylene diisocyanate, 1,12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate and lysine ester diisocyanate, cyclohexane 1,3- and -1,4-diisocyanate and any desired mixtures of these isomers, 1-methyl-2,4- and -2,6-diisocyanatocyclohexane and any desired mixtures of these isomers (HTDI or H 6 TDI), 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanato-methyl-cyclohexane (i.e.
  • IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
  • HMDI or H 12 MDI perhydro-2,4′- and -4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
  • TCDI 1,4-diisocyanato-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane
  • TMCDI 1,4-diisocyanato-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane
  • m- and p-xylylene diisocyanate m- and p-XDI
  • m- and p-tetramethyl-1,3- and -1,4-xylylene diisocyanate m- and p-TMXDI
  • the polyurethane polymer P is prepared in a conventional way directly from the polyisocyanates and the polyols, or by stepwise adduction processes, of the kind also known as chain extension reactions.
  • the polyurethane polymer P is prepared via a reaction of at least one polyisocyanate and at least one polyol, the isocyanate group being present in a stochiometric excess over the hydroxyl groups.
  • the ratio between isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups is 1.3 to 2.5, more particularly 1.5 to 2.2.
  • the polyurethane polymer P is solid at room temperature. It may be crystalline, partially crystalline or amorphous. For a partially crystalline or amorphous polyurethane polymer P it is the case that it is of zero or low fluidity at room temperature, more particularly that it has a viscosity of more than 5000 Pa ⁇ s at 20° C.
  • the polyurethane polymer P has a molecular weight of preferably more than 1000 g/mol, more particularly a molecular weight between 1200 and 50 000 g/mol, preferably a molecular weight between 2000 and 30 000 g/mol.
  • the polyurethane polymer P is preferably transparent.
  • a transparent polyurethane polymer solid at room temperature is typically prepared using either amorphous polyols or a mixture of amorphous polyols and polyols liquid at room temperature.
  • the polyurethane polymer P is preferably amorphous. Furthermore, the polyurethane polymer P is preferably transparent, both before and after crosslinking with moisture.
  • the polyurethane polymer P is present typically in an amount of 40% -98%, and more particularly of 60% -98%, preferably of 80% -98%, by weight, based on the hot-melt adhesive K.
  • the hot-melt adhesive K further comprises at least one aldimine A.
  • aldimine A it is possible in principle to use all known aldimines, more particularly polyaldimines and also monoaldimines which as well as the aldimino group also contain at least one isocyanate group.
  • Aldimines A can be prepared from primary amines and aldehydes.
  • Suitable aldehydes include, for example, propanal, 2-methylpropanal, butanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-ethylbutanal, pentanal, 2-methylpentanal, 3-methylpentanal, 4-methylpentanal, 2,3-dimethylpentanal, hexanal, 2-ethylhexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, undecanal, 2-methylundecanal, dodecanal, methoxyacetaldehyde, cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde, cyclopentanecarbox-aldehyde, cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde and diphenylacetaldehyde.
  • aldimines A of the formula (I-A) and (I-B) preference is given to the aldimines A of the formula (I-A) and (I-B). Particularly preferred aldimines A of this kind are described in WO 2004/013088 A1, WO2007/036575 A1, WO2007/036571 A1, WO2007/036574 A1 and WO 2007/036572 A1, which are hereby incorporated by reference into the disclosure content of the present invention.
  • aldimino groups cannot undergo tautomerization to form enamino groups, since they have no hydrogen atom in the position a to the C atom of the aldimino group. This leads to particularly storage-stable hot-melt adhesives.
  • the aldimine A is an aldimine of the formula (I-A); this is a polyaldimine.
  • X P is a polyamine having w primary amino groups following removal of w primary amino groups, w is an integer 2-8, more particularly 2-4, preferably 2 or 3, and Y is a radical of the formula (Ia) or (Ib)
  • R 1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy group
  • Suitable polyamines of the formula (IV-A) are, more particularly, polyamines having aliphatic primary amino groups, examples being the following:
  • Preferred polyamines of the formula (IV-A) are 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,5-diamino-2-methylpentane (MPMD), 1,3-diaminopentane (DAMP), 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (i.e.
  • IPDA isophoronediamine or IPDA
  • 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine 4-aminomethyl-1,8-octanediamine, 1,3- and 1,4-xylylenediamine, 1,3- and 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, bis-(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane, bis-(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane, 3(4),8(9)-bis(aminomethyl)tricyclo-[5.2.1.0 2,6 ]decane, 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diamine, 4,7-dioxadecane-1,10-diamine, polyoxyalkylene-diamines and -triamines, and also mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned polyamines.
  • Preferred polyoxyalkylene diamines and triamines are more particularly the Huntsman products D-230, D-400, D-2000, T-403 and T-5000 available under the Jeffamine® trade name, and analogous compounds from BASF or Nitroil.
  • aldimine A is an aldimine of the formula (I-B)
  • R 1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy group
  • Suitable amines of the formula (IV-B) or (IV-B′) are, for example, the following:
  • Hydroxy amines and mercaptoamines that are suitable more particularly are those in which the primary amino group is separated from the hydroxyl group, or the mercapto group, respectively, by a chain of at least 5 atoms or by a ring, such as, for example, in 5-amino-1-pentanol, 6-amino-1-hexanol, 7-amino-1-heptanol, 8-amino-I-octanol, 10-amino-1-decanol, 12-amino-1-dodecanol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxyethylbenzene, 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexanol, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol, triethylene glycol monoamine, ⁇ -(2-hydroxymethylethyl)- ⁇ -(2-aminomethylethoxy)poly(oxy-(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)), 3-(2-
  • Preferred amines of the formula (IV-B) or (IV-B′) are selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-1,2-ethanediamine, N-ethyl-1,2-ethanediamine, N-cyclohexyl-1,2-ethanediamine, N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-ethyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-butyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-cyclohexyl-1,3-propanediamine, 4-aminomethyl-piperidine, 3-(4-aminobutyl)piperidine, diethylenetriamine (DETA), bishexamethylenetriamine (BHMT), dipropylenetriamine (DPTA), fatty diamines, such as N-cocoalkyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-oleyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-soyaalkyl-1,3-propanediamine and N-tallowalkyl-1,3-propanediamine; 5-
  • Suitable amines of the formula (IV-B1) are the diamines exemplified as polyamines of the formula (IV-A).
  • Amines of the formula (IV-B1) that are suitable more particularly are asymmetric aliphatic or cycloaliphatic primary diamines, more particularly 1,2-propanediamine, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-butanediamine, 1,3-diaminopentane (DAMP), 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine (TMD), 1,5-diamino-2-butyl-2-ethyl-pentane, 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (i.e. isophoronediamine or IPDA) and 1,4-diamino-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane (TMCDA).
  • asymmetric aliphatic or cycloaliphatic primary diamines more particularly 1,2-propanediamine, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-butanediamine, 1,3-diaminopentane (DAMP), 2,2,4-trimethylhexam
  • Preferred amines of the formula (IV-B1) are 1,3-diaminopentane (DAMP), 1,5-diamino-2-butyl-2-ethylpentane, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine (TMD) and 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (i.e. isophoronediamine or IPDA).
  • DAMP 1,3-diaminopentane
  • TMD 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine
  • IPDA 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane
  • the polyisocyanate of the formula (V) is a polyurethane polymer PUP containing isocyanate groups.
  • a suitable polyurethane polymer PUP containing isocyanate groups is obtainable through the reaction of at least one polyol with at least one polyisocyanate. Suitable for this purpose are the polyols and polyisocyanates already described before for the polyurethane polymer P.
  • the polyurethane polymer PUP may be solid or liquid.
  • a particularly suitable polyurethane polymer PUP is a polyurethane polymer PUP1 which is solid at room temperature. More particularly the polyurethane polymer PUP1 is the same as the polyurethane polymer P which is solid at room temperature.
  • the polyisocyanate of the formula (V) is a polyisocyanate PI in the form of a diisocyanate or of a low molecular mass oligomer of a diisocyanate or of a derivative of a diisocyanate, suitable diisocyanates being the same as those already identified as being suitable for the preparation of a polyurethane polymer P.
  • HDI biurets in the form for example of Desmodur® N 100 and N 3200 (Bayer), Tolonate® HDB and HDB-LV (Rhodia) and Duranate® 24A-100 (Asahi Kasei); HDI isocyanurates, in the form for example of Desmodur® N 3300, N 3600 and N 3790 BA (all from Bayer), Tolonate® HDT, HDT-LV and HDT-LV2 (Rhodia), Duranate® TPA-100 and THA-100 (Asahi Kasei) and Coronate® HX (Nippon Polyurethane); HDI uretdiones, in the form for example of Desmodur® N 3400 (Bayer); HDI imin
  • Preferred polyisocyanates PI are the oligomers of HDI and/or IPDI, more particularly the isocyanurates.
  • the aforementioned polyisocyanates PI typically represent mixtures of substances with different degrees of oligomerization and/or chemical structures. Preferably they have an average NCO functionality of 2.1 to 4.0 and contain, more particularly, isocyanurate, iminooxadiazinedione, uretdione, urethane, biuret, allophanate, carbodiimide, uretonimine or oxadiazinetrione groups.
  • aldimines A are obtainable through a condensation reaction between an aldehyde and a primary amine with elimination of water. Condensation reactions of this kind are very well known and are described, for example, in Houben-Weyl, “Methoden der organischen Chemie”, Vol. XI/2, page 73 et seq.
  • the aldimines A of the formula (I-A) can be prepared directly from polyamines of the formula (IV-A) and aldehydes of the formula (VI).
  • the aldehyde of the formula (VI) is in this case used stochiometrically or in a stochiometric excess in relation to the primary amino groups of the amine.
  • Condensation reactions of this kind are typically conducted in the presence of a solvent, by means of which the water formed during the reaction is removed azeotropically.
  • a solvent for the preparation of the aldimines, however, preference is given to a preparation process without use of solvents, where the water formed in the condensation is removed from the reaction mixture by application of reduced pressure.
  • the solvent-free preparation does away with the need for distillative removal of the solvent, thereby simplifying the preparation process. In this way, moreover, the aldimine is free from solvent residues.
  • the aldimines A of the formula (I-B) can be prepared in a two-step process. In a first stage an amine having s primary amino groups and a ZH group of the formula (IV-B) or of the formula (IV-B′) is reacted with an aldehyde of the formula (VI) to give the aldimine of the formula (IX), in the same way as described before for the aldimine of the formula (I-A).
  • aldimine of the formula (IX) is reacted with the polyisocyanate of the formula (V) to give the desired aldimine of the formula (I-B).
  • aldimines A of the formula (I-A) and (I-B) are prepared using aldehydes ALD of the formula (VII b) or (VII a).
  • a property of these aldehydes ALD is that their radicals Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 and Y 4 contain no moieties that are reactive with isocyanate groups; more particularly Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 and Y 4 contain no hydroxyl groups, no primary or secondary amino groups and no mercapto groups.
  • Aldehydes ALD of the formula (VII a) are tertiary aliphatic or tertiary cycloaliphatic aldehydes.
  • Suitable aldehydes ALD of the formula (VII a) are, for example, pivalaldehyde (i.e.
  • 2,2-dimethylpropanal 2,2-dimethylbutanal, 2,2-diethylbutanal, 1-methylcyclopentanecarboxaldehyde, 1-methylcyclohexane-carboxaldehyde; ethers of 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal and alcohols such as propanol, isopropanol, butanol and 2-ethylhexanol; esters of 2-formyl-2-methylpropionic acid or 3-formyl-3-methylbutyric acid and alcohols such as propanol, isopropanol, butanol and 2-ethylhexanol; esters of 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal and carboxylic acids such as butyric acid, isobutyric acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid; and also the ethers and esters, described below as being particularly suitable, of 2,2-disubstituted 3-hydroxypropanals, 3-hydroxybutanals or analogous higher aldehydes, more
  • aldehydes ALD of the formula (VII a) are on the one hand aldehydes ALD1 of the formula (VII a), in other words aldehydes ALD of the formula (VII a) with the radical Y 3 of the formula (II).
  • R 3 is a hydrogen atom or is an alkyl or arylalkyl group, more particularly having 1 to 12 C atoms, and is preferably a hydrogen atom;
  • R 4 is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30, more particularly 11 to 30 C atoms, which where appropriate contains heteroatoms.
  • Y 1 and Y 2 are each a methyl group and preferably R 3 is a hydrogen atom.
  • Aldehydes ALD1 of the formula (VIII a) are ethers of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or arylaliphatic 2,2-disubstituted 3-hydroxyaldehydes with alcohols or phenols of the formula R 4 —OH, examples being fatty alcohols or phenol.
  • Suitable 2,2-disubstituted 3-hydroxyaldehydes are obtainable in turn from aldol reactions, especially crossed aldol reactions, between primary or secondary aliphatic aldehydes, more particularly formaldehyde, and secondary aliphatic, secondary cycloaliphatic or secondary arylaliphatic aldehydes, such as, for example, isobutyraldehyde, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, 2-methylvaleraldehyde, 2-ethylcaproaldehyde, cyclopentanecarboxaldehyde, cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrobenzaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 2-phenylpropionaldehyde (hydratropaldehyde) or diphenylacetaldehyde.
  • aldol reactions especially crossed aldol reactions
  • aldehydes ALD1 of the formula (VIII a) are 2,2-dimethyl-3-phenoxypropanal, 3-cyclohexyloxy-2,2-dimethylpropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)propanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-lauroxypropanal and 2,2-dimethyl-3-stearoxypropanal.
  • aldehydes ALD of the formula (VII a) are on the other hand aldehydes ALD2 of the formula (VIII b), in other words aldehydes ALD of the formula (VII a) with the radical Y 3 of the formula (III).
  • Y 1 and Y 2 are each a methyl group and R 3 preferably is a hydrogen atom.
  • Aldehydes ALD2 of the formula (VIII b) are esters of the above-described 2,2-disubstituted 3-hydroxy aldehydes, such as 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropanol, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methylbutanal, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-ethylbutanal, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpentanal, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-ethylhexanal, 1-hydroxymethylcyclopentanecarboxaldehyde, 1-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde 1-hydroxymethylcyclohex-3-enecarboxaldehyde, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-3-phenylpropanal, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-phenylpropanal and 3-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylpropanal, for example, with suitable carboxylic acids.
  • 2,2-disubstituted 3-hydroxy aldehydes such as 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropanol, 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methylbutanal, 2-
  • carboxylic acids are on the one hand aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylcaproic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachidonic acid, fatty acids from the industrial saponification of natural oils and fats such as, for example, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, olive oil, coconut oil, oil-palm kernel oil and oil-palm oil, and also technical mixtures of fatty acids which include such acids.
  • Suitable carboxylic acids are aromatic carboxylic acids, examples being benzoic acid or the positionally isomeric toluic acids, ethyl- or isopropyl- or tert-butyl- or methoxy- or nitrobenzoic acids.
  • Preferred aldehydes ALD2 of the formula (VIII b) are 3-benzoyloxy-2,2-dimethylpropanal, 3-cyclohexanoyloxy-2,2-dimethylpropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)propanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-lauroyloxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-myristoyloxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-palmitoyloxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-stearoyloxypropanal, and also analogous esters of other 2,2-disubstituted 3-hydroxyaldehydes.
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, cyclohexyl and the C 11 , C 13 , C 15 and C 17 alkyl groups.
  • a particularly preferred aldehyde ALD2 of the formula (VIII b) is 2,2-dimethyl-3-lauroyloxypropanal.
  • a 2,2-disubstituted 3-hydroxyaldehyde, 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropanal for example, which can be prepared, for example, from formaldehyde (or paraformaldehyde) and isobutyraldehyde, where appropriate in situ, is reacted with a carboxylic acid to the corresponding ester.
  • This esterification can take place without the use of solvents by known methods, described for example in Houben-Weyl, “Methoden der organischen Chemie”, Vol. VIII, pages 516-528.
  • Suitable aldehydes ALD of the formula (VII b) are aromatic aldehydes, examples being benzaldehyde, 2- and 3- and 4-tolualdehyde, 4-ethyl- and 4-propyl- and 4-isopropyl-4-butylbenzaldehyde, 2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde, 4-acetoxybenzaldehyde, 4-anisaldehyde, 4-ethoxybenzaldehyde, the isomeric di- and trialkoxybenzaldehydes, 2-, 3- and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 2- and 3- and 4-formylpyridine, 2-furfuraldehyde, 2-thiophenecarbaldehyde, 1- and 2-naphthylaldehyde, 3- and 4-phenyloxybenzaldehyde; quinoline-2-carbaldehyde and its 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- and 8-
  • Suitable aldehydes ALD of the formula (VII b) are additionally glyoxal, glyoxalic esters, methyl glyoxalate for example, cinnamaldehyde and substituted cinnamaldehydes.
  • the aldehyde ALD of the formula (VII a) is odourless.
  • An “odourless” substance is a substance so low in odour that for the majority of human beings it cannot be smelt, in other words cannot be perceived with the nose.
  • Odourless aldehydes ALD of the formula (VII a) are on the one hand, more particularly, aldehydes ALD1 of the formula (VIII a) in which the radical R 4 is a hydrocarbon radical having 11 to 30 C atoms that where appropriate contains heteroatoms.
  • odourless aldehydes ALD of the formula (VII a) are more particularly aldehydes ALD2 of the formula (VIII b) in which the radical R 5 either is a linear or branched alkyl group having 11 to 30 carbon atoms, where appropriate with cyclic fractions, and where appropriate with at least one heteroatom, more particularly with at least one ether oxygen, or is a singly or multiply unsaturated linear or branched hydrocarbon chain having 11 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of odourless aldehydes ALD2 of the formula (VIII b) are esterification products of the aforementioned 2,2-disubstituted 3-hydroxyaldehydes with carboxylic acids such as, for example, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachidonic acid, fatty acids from the industrial saponification of natural oils and fats such as, for example, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, olive oil, coconut oil, oil-palm kernel oil and oil-palm oil, and also technical mixtures of fatty acids which include these acids.
  • carboxylic acids such as, for example, lauric acid
  • Preferred aldehydes of the formula (VIII b) are 2,2-dimethyl-3-lauroyloxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-myristoyloxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-palmitoyloxypropanal and 2,2-dimethyl-3-stearoyloxypropanal. Particular preference is given to 2,2-dimethyl-3-lauroyloxypropanal.
  • Aldimines A of the formula (I-A) and (I-B) which are prepared starting from odourless aldehydes of the particularly preferred embodiments described above are odourless. Odourless aldimines A of this kind are particularly preferred.
  • the hot-melt adhesive K may comprise further constituents.
  • One particularly preferred further constituent is an acid in the form of an organic monocarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid or of an organic monosulphonic acid or disulphonic acid or of a compound which can be hydrolysed to one of these acids.
  • this acid is an organic monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid or a compound which can be hydrolysed to an organic monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid, and is selected, for example, from
  • this acid is an organic monosulphonic or disulphonic acid or a compound which can be hydrolysed to an organic monosulphonic or disulphonic acid, and is selected, for example, from
  • This acid may also comprise mixtures of two or more of the stated acids or compounds which can be hydrolysed to these acids.
  • Preferred such acids are aromatic monocarboxylic acids, more particularly benzoic acid, salicylic acid and 2-nitrobenzoic acid.
  • This acid is typically present in the form of an organic monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid or of an organic monosulphonic or disulphonic acid or of a compound which can be hydrolysed to one of these acids, in an amount of 0.001% to 5% by weight, preferably 0.005% to 2% by weight, based on the hot-melt adhesive K.
  • This acid has a catalytic effect on the hydrolysis of the aldimine A, thereby accelerating the crosslinking of the hot-melt adhesive K.
  • the hot-melt adhesive K comprises, where appropriate, further constituents of the kind typically used in accordance with the state of the art. To a person skilled in the art it is clear here that such further constituents are to be chosen, in terms of their nature and amount, and as a function of the respective composition, such that in spite of their presence the storage stability of the composition is assured.
  • the hot-melt adhesive K comprises non-reactive thermoplastic polymers, such as homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated monomers, for example, more particularly from the group encompassing ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, isoprene, vinyl acetate or higher esters thereof, and (meth)acrylate.
  • non-reactive thermoplastic polymers such as homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated monomers, for example, more particularly from the group encompassing ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, isoprene, vinyl acetate or higher esters thereof, and (meth)acrylate.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers
  • APAO atactic poly- ⁇ -olefins
  • PP polypropylenes
  • PE polyethylenes
  • the hot-melt adhesive K comprises catalysts for the reaction of the isocyanate groups, such as metal compounds or tertiary amines.
  • suitable metal compounds include tin compounds such as butyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin distearate, dibutyltin diacetylacetonate, dioctyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin oxide, tin(II) carboxylates; stannoxanes such as laurylstannoxane; and bismuth compounds such as bismuth(III) octoate, bismuth(III) neodecanoate or bismuth(III) oxinates.
  • tin compounds such as butyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin distearate, dibutyltin diacetylacetonate, dioctyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin oxide, tin(II
  • Suitable tertiary amines include 2,2′-dimorpholinodiethyl ether and other morpholine ether derivatives, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene.
  • the hot-melt adhesive K may also comprise mixtures of the stated catalysts. Particularly suitable are mixtures of metal compounds and tertiary amines.
  • the hot-melt adhesive K comprises reactive diluents or crosslinkers, examples being oligomers or polymers of diisocyanates such as MDI, PMDI, TDI, HDI, 1,12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane 1,3- or 1,4-diisocyanate, I PDI, perhydro-2,4′- and -4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,3- and 1,4-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, more particularly isocyanurates, carbodiimides, uretonimines, biurets, allophanates and iminooxadiazinediones of the stated diisocyanates, adducts of polyisocyanates with short-chain polyols, and also adipic dihydrazide and other dihydrazides, and also further blocked amines such as oxazolidines, enamines or
  • the hot-melt adhesive K may further comprise other additives, such as, more particularly, fillers, plasticizers, adhesion promoters, more particularly compounds containing silane groups, UV absorbers, UV or heat stabilizers, antioxidants, flame retardants, optical brighteners, pigments, dyes, and drying agents, and also further substances typically used in isocyanate-containing compositions.
  • additives such as, more particularly, fillers, plasticizers, adhesion promoters, more particularly compounds containing silane groups, UV absorbers, UV or heat stabilizers, antioxidants, flame retardants, optical brighteners, pigments, dyes, and drying agents, and also further substances typically used in isocyanate-containing compositions.
  • the hot-melt adhesive K is free of carbon black.
  • the hot-melt adhesive K is entirely free of fillers.
  • hot-melt adhesive K is free, or at least substantially free, of plasticizers and solvents.
  • the above-described hot-melt adhesive K is transparent. In particular it is transparent both before and after crosslinking with moisture.
  • a hot-melt adhesive K of this kind is particularly suitable for the bonding of substrates where at least one of the substrates to be bonded is transparent or translucent.
  • the above-described hot-melt adhesive K is prepared and stored in the absence of moisture.
  • a suitable pack or arrangement impervious to ambient conditions such as in a drum, pouch or cartridge, for example, it possesses outstanding storage stability.
  • storage-stable and “storage stability” in connection with a composition or an adhesive refer in the present document to the fact that the viscosity of the composition or of the adhesive, at the application temperature, given suitable storage, does not increase within the time span under consideration or during that time increases only to such an extent that the composition or the adhesive remains suitable for use in the manner intended.
  • the adhesive K can be melted, in other words that at the application temperature it has a sufficiently low viscosity in order to be able to be applied, and that on cooling it very quickly develops a sufficient bond strength even before the crosslinking reaction with water, more particularly in the form of atmospheric moisture, is concluded (initial strength). It has emerged that at the application temperature, which for hot-melt adhesives is in the range from 80° C. to 200° C., typically from 120° C. to 160° C., the hot-melt adhesive K described exhibits a viscosity which allows convenient handling and that on cooling it develops good bond strength with sufficient rapidity. A viscosity that allows convenient handling is more particularly a viscosity of 1-50 Pa ⁇ s.
  • the laminate can be obtained, for example, by a process as described below.
  • the present invention provides a process for the adhesive bonding of a plasticizer-containing plastic, comprising the steps of
  • step iii) or v′) or ii′′) is followed by a step of crosslinking by reaction of the isocyanate groups of the hot-melt adhesive K under the influence of water, more particularly in the form of atmospheric moisture.
  • the melted hot-melt adhesive K can be applied in any of a wide variety of different ways, as for example by a spraying, spreading, knife-coating, die application, roll application or casting application process.
  • the melted hot-melt adhesive K is applied to a substrate S 1 .
  • This substrate S 1 is more particularly a film of a plasticizer-containing plastic, more particularly a pPVC film. This produces, therefore, a coated polymeric film, which likewise constitutes one aspect of the present invention.
  • this film after cooling to room temperature, this film can be used as an intermediate in the form of a coated film.
  • the cooling can be accelerated by using a cooling means, a fan for example, more particularly an air fan, for cooling.
  • the coated polymeric film thus produced can then, in accordance with requirements, be cut to length, cut up, rolled up or further processed directly.
  • the rolls of the coated polymeric films can then, in accordance with what is required, be stored or transported.
  • release paper interleaves in order to prevent parts of the film that lie against one another—as a result of the rolling—coming into direct contact with one another.
  • the coated polymeric film can be coated at the premises of the film manufacturer, and can be subsequently stored and supplied to the site or to the plant at which this precoated film is then bonded to a support.
  • a coated polymeric film can often be stored even without such a pack, and used further.
  • the coated polymeric films thus produced can then be further bonded, by heating the coated film, or the hot-melt adhesive K located on it, or partly or wholly melting it, in accordance with step iv′), and then contacting it with the surface of a substrate S 2 , in accordance with step v′) in the process described above.
  • the hot-melt adhesive K After the contacting of the adhesive with the surface of the substrate S 2 , i.e. after step iii), v′) or ii′′), respectively, the hot-melt adhesive K cools and undergoes solidification. This solidification produces an initial strength, allowing small forces between the substrates to be transmitted even at this stage and, in certain circumstances, allowing slipping of a substrate to be prevented and transportation to take place.
  • the adhesive is crosslinked, leading to the development of the ultimate strength and the heat resistance.
  • the reaction with water begins as soon as the adhesive comes into contact with atmospheric moisture—in other words, generally speaking, right at the beginning of the application.
  • the ultimate strength is attained when the crosslinking has run its full course; this may take a very wide range of times, typically several days, and is heavily dependent on the climatic conditions, the substrates, the bond strength and the bonding geometry.
  • the article thus formed is advantageously an article of industrial manufacture and more particularly is an article for interior fitment. Preferably it is a part for installation in a means of transport, or is used in the furniture sector.
  • interior trim parts are door side parts, switch panels, parcel shelves, roof panel linings, sliding-roof panel linings, centre consoles, glove boxes, sun visors, pillars, door handles, arm rests, floor assemblies, loading-floor assemblies and boot assemblies, and also sleeping-cab walls and rear walls of vans and lorries.
  • Used for this purpose more particularly is a vacuum forming process or a press lamination in the sealing process.
  • the hot-melt adhesive K can be applied to the substrate S 2 , also referred to as a support, or else a polymeric film coated with hot-melt adhesive K can be employed.
  • the polymeric film decorative element of air-impermeable material
  • pPVC polymeric film
  • the polymeric film is clamped in an airtight manner into a frame. Beneath the film there is a bottom mould, onto which the support is placed. Bottom mould and support have drill holes or are air-permeable.
  • the apparatus is closed off in an airtight manner as well toward its bottom.
  • the decorative material Before the vacuum or reduced pressure is applied, the decorative material is heated, typically to a temperature of about 160° C., so that the film becomes soft and the hot-melt adhesive undergoes complete or partial melting.
  • the decorative material When the air is withdrawn from this device under suction, the decorative material then conforms accurately to the support component, under the atmospheric pressure bearing on the surface of the material, and is bonded to the said component.
  • the decorative material On account of the vacuum, or reduced pressure, that is to be produced, the decorative material is air-impermeable.
  • vacuum forming it is also possible to use a polymeric film, coated as above with hot-melt adhesive K, and made more particularly of pPVC, which is heated prior to contacting, or prior to the application of the vacuum.
  • the hot-melt adhesive K can likewise be applied to the support, or to the decorative element, i.e. the polymeric film, beforehand.
  • the bonding of the support to the decorative element is accomplished, following thermal activation by means, for example, of an array of IR ray lamps to a temperature of typically above 80° C., so that the adhesive melts at least partially, with joining and pressing (oining temperature >50° C.).
  • the films utilized here comprising a plasticizer-containing plastic, are in many cases decorative films and have a surface texture.
  • This surface texture on the polymeric film may be introduced by embossing before, during or after the bonding operation.
  • the support is preferably a plastic which contains no plasticizer.
  • Particularly preferred supports are supports of polycarbonate (PC) or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) or of a PC/ABS blend or of a PC/ABS composite.
  • the article formed is a support laminated with pPVC film.
  • the process is used for bonding two films, with at least one and preferably both films composed of a plasticizer-containing plastic, more particularly of pPVC.
  • a plasticizer-containing plastic more particularly of pPVC.
  • it is used for the bonding of two pPVC films.
  • sealing membranes of the kind used typically to seal tunnels, roofs or swimming pools, which have a thickness of typically 1 to 3 mm, in special cases even up to 5 mm. Films of this kind are typically bonded with overlapping at the edges. Accordingly, the processes shown also find use in civil engineering and construction, and the resulting article may be an article of civil engineering or construction.
  • Films bonded in this way exhibit a sharp reduction in film embrittlement in the region of the bond.
  • FIG. 1 Structure of a laminate
  • FIG. 1 a shows a schematic cross section through a laminate with two flat substrates S 1 and S 2
  • FIG. 1 b shows a schematic cross section through a laminate with one flat substrate S 1
  • FIG. 2 Structure of a polymeric film coated with hot-melt adhesive K
  • FIG. 2 a shows a schematic cross section through a polymeric film coated with hot-melt adhesive K
  • FIG. 2 b shows a cross section through a schematic preparation process for a polymeric film coated with hot-melt adhesive K.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a laminate 1 which is composed of a substrate S 1 3 (first substrate), a substrate S 2 4 (second substrate) and a hot-melt adhesive K 5 , the adhesive K 5 being in contact with the surfaces of the two substrates S 1 3 and S 2 4 and producing an adhesive bond between the substrates.
  • the two substrates are both flat.
  • An example of the embodiment of a laminate that is shown here is a bond of two polymeric films, more particularly of two pPVC films, by means of an adhesive K.
  • FIG. 1 b shows a laminate 1 which is composed of a substrate S 1 3 (first substrate), a substrate S 2 4 (second substrate) and a hot-melt adhesive K 5 , the adhesive K 5 being in contact with the surfaces of the two substrates S 1 3 and S 2 4 and producing an adhesive bond between the substrates.
  • the substrate S 1 3 is of flat design.
  • An example of the embodiment of a laminate that is shown here is the lamination of a support S 2 4 to a plasticizer-containing polymeric film S 1 3 , preferably a pPVC film, by means of an adhesive K 5 .
  • FIG. 2 a shows a polymeric film 2 coated with a hot-melt adhesive K 5 .
  • the hot-melt adhesive K 5 has been applied in layer form to a polymeric film S 1 3 .
  • FIG. 2 b shows schematically the production of a coated polymeric film 2 .
  • the hot-melt adhesive K 5 is applied by means of applicator unit 6 to the polymeric film S 1 3 in the form of a layer.
  • the polymeric film is moved beneath the applicator unit 6 .
  • the polymeric film is typically unwound from a roll (not shown).
  • the melted adhesive K 5 is cooled by means of cooling means 7 (an air blower, for example).
  • FIG. 2 b also shows that this coated polymeric film 2 is rolled up.
  • the individual plies of the coated polymeric film 2 are in direct contact with one another and more particularly have no release paper interleaves.
  • the coated polymeric film can be unwound from the roll 8 without blocking, even after prolonged storage or transport time.
  • a coated polymeric film 2 of this kind is, heated as and when required, so that it, or the hot-melt adhesive K 5 , becomes soft or at least is partially melted and is contacted with a substrate S 2 4 and typically bonded under pressure, thus producing a laminate 1 as shown in FIG. 1 b.
  • SikaMelt®-9633/61 available commercially from Sika Automotive GmbH, Hamburg, (referred to below as '9633/61), to which was added, where appropriate, the amount of aldimines indicated in Table 1, addition taking place to the melt, with stirring and under nitrogen.
  • SikaMelt®-9633/61 is a hot-melt adhesive which contains a mixture of prepolymers containing isocyanate groups, based on a polyester polyol which is solid at room temperature and on a polyester polyol which is liquid at room temperature, and MDI as polyisocyanate, and which is plasticizer-free.
  • aldimine A-1 corresponds to the formula (I-A).
  • the aldimine (aldimine A-2) in Example 3 reacts in situ with the polyurethane polymer containing isocyanate groups that is present in the hot-melt adhesive, to form in situ an aldimine conforming to the formula (I-B).
  • the open time was determined as follows: the melted adhesive was drawn down onto silicone-coated paper using a coating bar in a thickness of 500 ⁇ m and at a temperature of 150° C. This test specimen was subsequently placed on a surface at room temperature. As soon as a paper strip pressed gently onto the adhesive could be parted from the adhesive, the open time was over. Subsequently the adhesive cured in each case and became solid.
  • the adhesive was drawn down onto silicone-coated paper by means of a coating bar in a thickness of 500 ⁇ m.
  • the film was stored at 55% relative humidity and room temperature. At regular intervals a portion of the film of adhesive was placed on the hot plate and inspected. The point in time of storage at which melting was no longer observable, because the adhesive had cured, was reported as the through-cure time.
  • tensile shear test specimens were produced as follows: the adhesive was applied to one side of a wooden test element (100 mm ⁇ 25 mm*5 mm); by gentle pressure this element was pressed onto the other wooden test element, and the bond was fixed with a 500 g weight. The bond area was 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm and the thickness of adhesive was 1 mm. After 30 minutes' storage at 55% relative humidity and room temperature, the tensile shear strength was ascertained and has been reported in Table 1 as “strength after 30 min”.
  • the tensile strength and the breaking extension were determined in a method based on DIN 53504 on test specimens with a layer thickness of 500 ⁇ m and dimensions of 120 mm ⁇ 20 mm.
  • the films for producing the test specimens were applied at an adhesive temperature of 140° C. and then stored for 2 weeks at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity.
  • tensile strengths / extensions were determined after storage for 7 days at 90° C. and 100% relative humidity, or in accordance with BMW test 3.08, and reported in Table 1.
  • the % figures for the values after hot/humid or alternating storage are based on the values measured without hot/humid or alternating storage.
  • roller peel strength (90°) was determined in accordance with DIN 53 289 with a pulling speed of 80 mm/min on a Zwick test instrument (Zwick Z2.5). Curing and storage are as indicated for the tensile strength and extension.
  • laminates were produced by means of a thermoforming or press lamination process.
  • thermoforming lamination the pPVC film was roll-coated with the respective adhesive at a temperature of 140° C. and a speed of 5 m/minute, with an application rate of 95 g/m 2 .
  • This coated film was applied by vacuum to an ABS support (joining temperature 75-80° C., laminating time 30 seconds, cooling to 40° C. before demoulding).
  • the samples thus laminated were stored for 7 days at 55% relative humidity and 23° C. Alternating storage took place for 10 days in accordance with the BMW 3.08 alternating-conditions test.
  • the respective melted hot-melt adhesive was knife-coated at 150° C. as a transfer film in a thickness of 100 ⁇ m onto silicone paper. Subsequently the film of adhesive was transferred to a pPVC film at 150° C. Following reactivation of the adhesive by heating to a temperature of 150° C. for 20 seconds, the coated PVC film was pressed onto an ABS support (plate above and below heated to 90° C. in each case, pressing time 10 seconds under pressing force of 1000N). The samples thus laminated were stored for 7 days at 55% relative humidity and 23° C. The alternating storage took place for 10 days in accordance with BMW 3.08 alternating-conditions test.
  • Tables 1 and 2 show that the hot-melt adhesives containing polyaldimine exhibit significantly better roller peel strengths with the plasticizer-containing PVC substrates than do the corresponding hot-melt adhesives without polyaldimine. It is apparent, moreover, that the adverse effect of hot/humid or alternating storage on the mechanical properties can be greatly reduced through the use of polyaldimines in the adhesives.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
US12/149,498 2007-05-11 2008-05-02 Laminates joined by polyurethane hot-melt adhesive and process for bonding plasticizer-containing plastics Abandoned US20080280145A1 (en)

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US8563906B2 (en) 2002-02-08 2013-10-22 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Insulating microwave interactive packaging
US9073689B2 (en) 2007-02-15 2015-07-07 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Microwave energy interactive insulating structure
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US20150353770A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2015-12-10 Sika Technology Ag Liquid-applied waterproofing membrane for roofs comprising a long-chain aldimine
US20150353769A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2015-12-10 Sika Technology Ag Liquid-applied waterproofing membrane for roofs comprising a trialdimine
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US8563906B2 (en) 2002-02-08 2013-10-22 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Insulating microwave interactive packaging
US8440275B2 (en) 2004-02-09 2013-05-14 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Microwave cooking packages and methods of making thereof
US8828510B2 (en) 2004-02-09 2014-09-09 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Microwave cooking packages and methods of making thereof
US9073689B2 (en) 2007-02-15 2015-07-07 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Microwave energy interactive insulating structure
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US20120107616A1 (en) * 2007-05-11 2012-05-03 Sika Technology Ag Laminates Joined by Polyurethane Hot-Melt Adhesive and Process for Bonding Plasticizer-Containing Plastics
US20090061239A1 (en) * 2007-08-30 2009-03-05 Sika Technology Ag Use of a latent acid for adhesion promotion
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US10604325B2 (en) 2016-06-03 2020-03-31 Graphic Packaging International, Llc Microwave packaging material
WO2019084522A1 (en) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-02 Aero Advanced Paint Technology, Inc. METHOD FOR APPLYING POLYMER FILM TO A SUBSTRATE AND ARTICLES THUS OBTAINED
US11123972B2 (en) 2017-10-27 2021-09-21 Entrotech, Inc. Method for applying a polymeric film to a substrate and resulting articles
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US20200368978A1 (en) * 2017-12-21 2020-11-26 Basf Se Method for producing polyurethane sandwich molded parts

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ES2348625T3 (es) 2010-12-09
ATE474895T1 (de) 2010-08-15
US8932721B2 (en) 2015-01-13
CN101480855A (zh) 2009-07-15
US20120107616A1 (en) 2012-05-03
EP1990387A1 (de) 2008-11-12
EP1990387B1 (de) 2010-07-21
JP2008302692A (ja) 2008-12-18
CA2630943A1 (en) 2008-11-11
DK1990387T3 (da) 2010-11-01
DE502007004481D1 (de) 2010-09-02
MX2008005965A (es) 2009-03-03
KR20080100144A (ko) 2008-11-14

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