US20080253754A1 - Sterilising Filter Arrangement Apparatus & Method - Google Patents

Sterilising Filter Arrangement Apparatus & Method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20080253754A1
US20080253754A1 US11/720,369 US72036905A US2008253754A1 US 20080253754 A1 US20080253754 A1 US 20080253754A1 US 72036905 A US72036905 A US 72036905A US 2008253754 A1 US2008253754 A1 US 2008253754A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
filter
bacteria
airflow
housing
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/720,369
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard Rubin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alpha Technologies Corp Ltd
Original Assignee
Alpha Technologies Corp Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2004233510A external-priority patent/AU2004233510A1/en
Priority claimed from AU2005905191A external-priority patent/AU2005905191A0/en
Application filed by Alpha Technologies Corp Ltd filed Critical Alpha Technologies Corp Ltd
Assigned to ALPHA TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION LTD. reassignment ALPHA TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RUBIN, RICHARD
Publication of US20080253754A1 publication Critical patent/US20080253754A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
    • A47L9/10—Filters; Dust separators; Dust removal; Automatic exchange of filters
    • A47L9/12—Dry filters
    • A47L9/122—Dry filters flat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D20/00—Hair drying devices; Accessories therefor
    • A45D20/04—Hot-air producers
    • A45D20/08—Hot-air producers heated electrically
    • A45D20/10—Hand-held drying devices, e.g. air douches
    • A45D20/12—Details thereof or accessories therefor, e.g. nozzles, stands
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K10/00—Body-drying implements; Toilet paper; Holders therefor
    • A47K10/48—Drying by means of hot air
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L7/00—Suction cleaners adapted for additional purposes; Tables with suction openings for cleaning purposes; Containers for cleaning articles by suction; Suction cleaners adapted to cleaning of brushes; Suction cleaners adapted to taking-up liquids
    • A47L7/04—Suction cleaners adapted for additional purposes; Tables with suction openings for cleaning purposes; Containers for cleaning articles by suction; Suction cleaners adapted to cleaning of brushes; Suction cleaners adapted to taking-up liquids for using the exhaust air for other purposes, e.g. for distribution of chemicals in a room, for sterilisation of the air
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0002—Casings; Housings; Frame constructions
    • B01D46/0005—Mounting of filtering elements within casings, housings or frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B01D46/0028—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions provided with antibacterial or antifungal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/20—General details of domestic laundry dryers 
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/91—Bacteria; Microorganisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2267/00—Multiple filter elements specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D2267/40—Different types of filters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improvement in components used in indoor apparatus which have an internal airflow that is expelled from the apparatus into an indoor human-activity environment.
  • One aspect of the invention relates particularly to an improvement in a filter arrangement used to sterilise the airflow that emanates from such indoor apparatus.
  • the prior art includes a number of hand drying apparatus that emit a stream of warm airflow to dry the hands. It was assumed that the use of such hand drying apparatus is hygienic. Contrary to expectations, however, it has been found that these prior art hand drying apparatus are actually a means of spreading the germs.
  • the prior art contains air-flow apparatus that are intended to kill bacteria and/or remove the bacteria from the airflow of the apparatus, however, in actual practice, such known products do not come close to removing 100% of the bacteria from the airflow in the apparatus, particularly through long-term use.
  • An invention that aims for 100% bacteria removal faces a different set of obstacles which are unlikely to be addressed by a prior art apparatus that does not necessarily aim for, nor achieve, 100% bacteria removal.
  • prior art hand drying apparatus are often not favoured for use in medical applications where the strictest standard of sterilisation of hands is critically important, particularly in the area of surgery, and in the medical treatment of open wounds.
  • Another problem is that, over a period of weeks, months or even years, germs can collect inside the apparatus.
  • airflow is drawn inside the apparatus, through continued use, amounts of bacteria are constantly drawn into the machine.
  • all the inner surfaces of the machine, which come in contact with the airflow are constantly exposed to bacteria.
  • the insides of the machine can become a source of bacteria.
  • the bacteria inside can continue to grow and multiply.
  • a prior art apparatus is incapable of 100% bacteria removal, then those remanent of the bacteria remains in the apparatus, and then internal surfaces of the apparatus can, over time, become a source of bacteria.
  • a vacuum cleaner draws in bacteria as it sucks up particulate from the floor or surfaces. While the filtration of the vacuum cleaner system can filter out particulate from the airflow, there remains in the airflow minute particles of bacteria. These are spread into the indoor environment by the airflow emanating from the vacuum cleaner.
  • An object of some of the several aspects of the present invention is to provide one or more features that, individually or in combination, enable an apparatus, that emits an airflow into a human activity environment, to achieve 100% bacteria reduction in the airflow leaving the filtration arrangement.
  • Another object of the present invention is to overcome or ameliorate one or more problems in the prior art, or to provide an improved alternative over the prior art.
  • a sterilising hand-drying apparatus adapted to produce a stream of substantially sterilised, heated air for drying hands, the apparatus including:
  • heating-means positioned in the housing for heating of air useable for drying hands
  • inlet-means through which the air, in use, enters the housing and travels to reach the heating-means;
  • airflow-generation-means adapted to move the air swiftly as an airflow from the inlet-means via the heating-means to the outlet-means;
  • the apparatus is provided with bacteria-entrapment-filter-means through which, in use, the airflow passes, and
  • bacteria-entrapment-filter-means in use, is adapted to trap and retain therein a substantial portion of bacteria in the airflow, such that the airflow leaving the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means is more sterile than when entering the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means,
  • the entrapment filter-means being in the form of a fibrous matrix that has on its fibres a toxic bacteria-killing substance which is able to kill any bacteria that impinges on the bacteria-killing substance on the fibres.
  • the bacteria-killing substance is a liquid-applied substance which, when on the fibre, presents a sticky coating on the fibre which captures bacteria that impinges on the bacteria-killing substance found on the fibres.
  • the airflow leaving the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means has numerically fewer bacteria than the airflow entering the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means.
  • the airflow leaving the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means is fully or at least substantially bacteria-free.
  • the airflow leaving the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means is 100% free of bacteria particles.
  • the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means intercepts the airflow before the airflow reaches the heating-means.
  • the inlet-means includes at least one main entrance through which all the airflow that is emitted from the hand-drying apparatus has to pass initially through this main entrance
  • the at least one main entrances is located totally inside the housing.
  • the at least one main entrance is located in an entrance into the airflow-generation-means such that all air entering the airflow-generation-means passes through this at least one main entrance.
  • the airflow-generation-means is contained in a casing and wherein said at least one main entrance is located on the casing.
  • the at least one main entrance may be located on the housing of the apparatus, provided that all other entrances into the housing, apart from said at least one main entrance, are sealed so that, in operational use, air can only enter the housing through said at least one main entrance.
  • the inlet-means includes one or more secondary entrances arranged in series with the main entrance through which the airflow passes sequentially one after another.
  • the main entrance may be separated from its next nearest entrance in the series by a substantial space that contains sufficient air to satisfy the air intake requirements of the airflow-generation-means in terms of volume of air per unit time.
  • At least one of the secondary entrances may be located on an external surface of the housing, and accessible by the user from outside of the housing.
  • each of said secondary entrances is provided with said bacteria-entrapment-filter-means.
  • the main entrance is provided with said bacteria-entrapment-filter-means.
  • said bacteria-entrapment-filter-means includes a fibrous, dense filter material that is sufficiently dense to intercept and entrap a substantial portion of bacteria particles in the airflow.
  • the filter material is a non-woven fibre.
  • the filter material has average gaps or pores between the fibres selected to be around 150 microns.
  • the filter material has an air permeability of around 234.7 cm3/cm2/sec.
  • the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means may include a filter-replacement mechanism that is able to automatically replace the filter material in use with replacement filter material.
  • filter-replacement mechanism replaces the filter material in use with replacement filter material periodically after a period of time.
  • the filter-replacement mechanism replaces the filter material in use with replacement filter material progressively in a continuous or intermittent manner.
  • the filter material is in the form of a sheet-like strip.
  • the filter material is conveyed by a motorised reel-mechanism.
  • the apparatus is provided with an electric control circuit that supplies electrical power to the apparatus, and wherein the electric control circuit is provided with a cut-off mechanism that disables the supply of electrical power when the housing is opened so as to minimise risk of the user being electrocuted when opening the housing.
  • the cut-off mechanism includes a two-state switch which enables the supply of electrical power only when in the first state, and wherein an actuator is provided within the housing that maintains the switch in the first state when the housing is closed, and which activates the switch into the second state when the housing is opened to thereby disable the supply of electrical power to the apparatus when the housing is opened.
  • the cut-off mechanism includes a resiliently-mounted switch which enables the supply of electrical power only when depressed, and wherein a cut-off-mechanism-activator is provided within the housing and arranged so as to depresses the switch when the housing is closed, and to lift off the switch when the housing is opened thereby to disable the supply of electrical power to the apparatus when the housing is opened.
  • the resiliently-mounted switch is mounted on a base-mounting to which a hood of the housing is removably attachable, and the cut-off-mechanism-activator is mounted on an interior surface of the hood.
  • the cut-off-mechanism-activator is mounted on a base-mounting to which a hood of the housing is removably attachable, and the resiliently-mounted switch is mounted on an interior surface of the hood.
  • the cut-off-mechanism-activator may be in the form of a depressor that activates the cut-off mechanism when in contact therewith.
  • the base-mounting may be adapted to be fastened to an upright mounting surface, such that the hand-drying apparatus is able to be installed onto the upright mounting surface by attaching the housing to the base-mounting.
  • the hand-drying apparatus may be provided with a timer-control-circuit to regularly auto-activate the airflow-generation-means for a predetermined period of time so that the hand-drying apparatus effectively sterilises part of the ambient atmosphere surrounding the hand-drying apparatus.
  • the timer-control-circuit may auto-activate the apparatus without concurrently activating the heating-means.
  • the timer-control-circuit may auto-activate the apparatus while concurrently activating the heating-means.
  • the timer-control-circuit may be provided with light-sensor-means and only auto-activates the apparatus only the light-sensor indicates that there is ambient light.
  • the apparatus is provided with hand-sensor-means which detects the presence of hands in the vicinity of the outlet-means and is adapted to activate the airflow-generation-means and the heating-means when hands are so detected, and wherein the timer-control-circuit only auto-activates the apparatus when the hand-sensor-means detects that there is no presence of hands in the vicinity of the outlet-means.
  • the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means includes an airborne-bacteria filter arrangement described below.
  • a method of producing a stream of substantially sterilised, heated air from a sterilising hand-drying apparatus for drying hands including:
  • bacteria-entrapment-filter-means in use, is adapted to trap and retain therein a substantial portion of bacteria in the airflow, such that the airflow leaving the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means is more sterile than when entering the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means,
  • the entrapment filter-means being in the form of a fibrous matrix that has on its fibres a toxic bacteria-killing substance which is able to kill any bacteria that impinges on the bacteria-killing substance on the fibres.
  • a sterilising hand-drying apparatus adapted to produce a stream of substantially sterilised, heated air for drying hands, the apparatus including:
  • heating-means positioned in the housing for heating of air useable for drying hands
  • inlet-means through which the air, in use, enters the housing and travels to reach the heating-means;
  • airflow-generation-means adapted to move the air swiftly as an airflow from the inlet-means via the heating-means to the outlet-means;
  • the apparatus is provided with an electric control circuit that supplies electrical power to the apparatus,
  • the electric control circuit is provided with a cut-off mechanism that disables the supply of electrical power when the housing is opened so as to minimise risk of the user being electrocuted when opening the housing.
  • the cut-off mechanism includes a two-state switch which enables the supply of electrical power only when in the first state, and wherein an actuator is provided within the housing that maintains the switch in the first state when the housing is closed, and which activates the switch into the second state when the housing is opened to thereby disable the supply of electrical power to the apparatus when the housing is opened.
  • the cut-off mechanism includes a resiliently-mounted switch which enables the supply of electrical power only when activated, and wherein a cut-off-mechanism-activator is provided within the housing and arranged so as to activate the switch when the housing is closed, and to deactivate the switch when the housing is opened thereby to disable the supply of electrical power to the apparatus when the housing is opened.
  • the resiliently-mounted switch may be mounted on a base-mounting to which a hood of the housing is removably attachable, and the cut-off-mechanism-activator is mounted on an interior surface of the hood.
  • the cut-off-mechanism-activator may be mounted on a base-mounting to which a hood of the housing is removably attachable, and the resiliently-mounted switch is mounted on an interior surface of the hood.
  • the cut-off-mechanism-activator may be in the form of a depressor that activates the cut-off mechanism when in contact therewith.
  • the base-mounting may be adapted to be fastened to an upright mounting surface, such that the hand-drying apparatus is able to be installed onto the upright mounting surface by attaching the housing to the base-mounting.
  • a hood of a housing of a sterilising hand-drying apparatus is adapted to be removably attached
  • the hand-drying apparatus is provided with an electric control circuit that supplies electrical power to the apparatus,
  • the baseplate is provided with a cut-off mechanism that disables the supply of electrical power to the electric control circuit when, in use with the hood attached to the baseplate, the housing is opened so as to minimise risk of the user being electrocuted when opening the housing.
  • a sterilising hand-drying apparatus adapted to produce a stream of substantially sterilised, heated air for drying hands, the apparatus including:
  • heating-means positioned in the housing for heating of air useable for drying hands
  • inlet-means through which the air, in use, enters the housing and travels to reach the heating-means;
  • airflow-generation-means adapted to move the air swiftly as an airflow from the inlet-means via the heating-means to the outlet-means;
  • the hand-drying apparatus is provided with a timer-control-circuit to regularly auto-activate the airflow-generation-means for a predetermined period of time.
  • the timer-control-circuit may auto-activate the apparatus without concurrently activating the heating-means.
  • the timer-control-circuit may auto-activate the apparatus while concurrently activating the heating-means.
  • the timer-control-circuit may be provided with light-sensor-means and only auto-activates the apparatus only the light-sensor indicates that there is ambient light.
  • the apparatus may be provided with hand-sensor-means which detects the presence of hands in the vicinity of the outlet-means and is adapted to activate the airflow-generation-means and the heating-means when hands are so detected, and wherein the timer-control-circuit only auto-activates the apparatus when the hand-sensor-means detects that there is no presence of hands in the vicinity of the outlet-means.
  • the apparatus may be provided with a fragrance-material that is a source of fragrance so that the fragrance infuses into the airflow.
  • a timing circuit component adapted to regularly auto-activate airflow-generation-means in a sterilising hand-drying apparatus for a predetermined period of time
  • the sterilising hand-drying apparatus adapted to produce a stream of substantially sterilised, heated air for drying hands, the apparatus including:
  • heating-means positioned in the housing for heating of air useable for drying hands
  • inlet-means through which the air, in use, enters the housing and travels to reach the heating-means;
  • said airflow-generation-means adapted to move the air swiftly as an airflow from the inlet-means via the heating-means to the outlet-means;
  • timer-control-circuit is adapted to regularly auto-activate the airflow-generation-means for a predetermined period of time.
  • a method of sterilising ambient atmosphere around a sterilising hand-drying apparatus that is adapted to produce a stream of substantially sterilised, heated air for drying hands, the method including:
  • timer-control-circuit uses the timer-control-circuit to auto-activate the sterilising hand-drying apparatus periodically for a predetermined period of time
  • the hand-drying apparatus includes:
  • heating-means positioned in the housing for heating of air useable for drying hands
  • inlet-means through which the air, in use, enters the housing and travels to reach the heating-means;
  • airflow-generation-means adapted to move the air swiftly as an airflow from the inlet-means via the heating-means to the outlet-means.
  • a hand-drying apparatus that is adapted to produce an airflow of heated air for drying hands, the method including:
  • the hand-drying apparatus includes:
  • heating-means positioned in the housing for heating of air useable for drying hands
  • inlet-means through which the air, in use, enters the housing and travels to reach the heating-means;
  • airflow-generation-means adapted to move the air swiftly as an airflow from the inlet-means via the heating-means to the outlet-means.
  • a sterilising hand-drying apparatus adapted to produce a stream of substantially sterilised, heated air for drying hands, the apparatus including:
  • heating-means positioned in the housing for heating of air useable for drying hands
  • inlet-means through which the air, in use, enters the housing and travels to reach the heating-means
  • outlet-means through which the air, in use, after being heated by the heating-means, is emitted as heated air useable for drying hands
  • airflow-generation-means adapted to move the air swiftly as an airflow from the inlet-means via the heating-means to the outlet-means;
  • filter material adapted to filter the airflow
  • the apparatus includes a filter-replacement mechanism that is able to automatically replace the filter material in use with replacement filter material.
  • a sterilising hand-drying apparatus adapted to produce a stream of substantially sterilised, heated air for drying hands, the apparatus including:
  • heating-means positioned in the housing for heating of air useable for drying hands
  • inlet-means through which the air, in use, enters the housing and travels to reach the heating-means;
  • airflow-generation-means adapted to move the air swiftly as an airflow from the inlet-means via the heating-means to the outlet-means;
  • the inlet-means includes at least one main entrance through which all airflow in the apparatus must pass through said at least one main entrance, and
  • the at least one main entrance is located in an entrance into the airflow-generation-means such that all air entering the airflow-generation-means passes through this at least one main entrance which is filtered.
  • an airborne-bacteria filter arrangement adapted to be used with an apparatus that draws in and expels an airflow into a human-activity environment, the filter arrangement including the following through which the airflow passes in sequence:
  • entrapment filter-means in the form of a fibrous matrix that has on its fibres a toxic bacteria-killing substance which is able to kill any bacteria that impinges on the bacteria-killing substance on the fibres.
  • the airflow passes through:
  • the airborne-bacteria filter arrangement is located fully inside the apparatus interior.
  • the filter arrangement is provided with filter-barrier-means which, in use, houses the entrapment filter means and the charcoal-filter-means so as to provide a bacteria-impermeable barrier therefor.
  • the bacteria-impermeable barrier of the filter-barrier-means separates the entrapment filter means and the charcoal-filter-means from the interior of the apparatus such that, in use with the airflow, bacteria or other contaminants inside the apparatus can only enter the filter arrangement via the entrapment filter means and not through other parts of the filter arrangement.
  • the bacteria-impermeable barrier includes components that are adapted to fit together such that, when fitted together, bacteria cannot enter the interior of the filter arrangement through points of abutment of the components.
  • the bacteria-impermeable barrier of the filter-barrier-means also prevents any live bacteria inside the filter arrangement from escaping therefrom back into the apparatus interior.
  • the entrapment filter means and the charcoal-filter-means are separated by a volumetric region that is sealed within the bacteria-impermeable barrier such that the volumetric region acts as an interim destination for the airflow to enter after leaving the entrapment filter means.
  • the entrapment filter means and the charcoal-filter-means are generally parallel to one another such that the volumetric region therebetween is a flat and planar-like.
  • the airflow leaves the entrapment filter means and enters the charcoal-filter-means in a manner that the airflow is substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of each of the filter-means.
  • the entrapment filter means and the charcoal-filter-means are followed next, in sequence, by an emitting-filter-means containing a beneficial emittable-substance which, in use, is infused into the airflow expelled from the filtration arrangement.
  • the entrapment filter means and the charcoal-filter-means may be followed next, in sequence, by two or more emitting-filter-means each containing a different beneficial emittable-substance which, in use, is infused into the airflow expelled from the filtration arrangement.
  • the beneficial emittable-substance may include a pharmaceutical that is able to be administered to a user in an airborne manner.
  • the beneficial emittable-substance may include a fragrance.
  • the beneficial emittable-substance may include an anti-bacterial substance.
  • the beneficial emittable-substance is combined with an air-flow activated composition described below, wherein the beneficial emittable-substance is the active substance.
  • At least the emitting-filter-means may be in the form of a flat piece of filter material that is supported in the filter arrangement such that the flat piece is able to flutter in the airflow.
  • the bacteria-killing substance is a liquid-applied substance which, when on the fibre, presents a sticky coating on the fibre which captures bacteria that impinges on the bacteria-killing substance found on the fibres.
  • the sticky coating is able to physically hold impinging bacteria particles to the fibre so that the bacteria are held and killed in that location.
  • the charcoal filter-means is a fibrous matrix infused with charcoal particles.
  • the charcoal-filter-means re-oxygenates the airflow and removes odours.
  • each of the filters is housed in a filter-holder, and where each of the filter-holders is provided with attachment-sequence-means that ensure that the filters can only be attached one to the other in the aforesaid sequence.
  • the filter-holders combine to provide said bacteria-impermeable barrier.
  • the attachment-sequence-means on each filter-housing is in the form of a shaped contour that can only mate precisely with a corresponding contour on the filter-housing that is next in the aforesaid sequence.
  • the filter-holders fit together in the aforesaid sequence to form a stack.
  • the fibrous matrix is adapted to physically capture bacteria particles and, at the same time, also to present minimal impedance to the airflow, and, as such, the fibrous matrix is therefore characterised by:
  • the average gaps or pores between the fibres is selected to be around 150 microns.
  • an air-flow activated composition including:
  • the release agent upon exposure of the composition to flowing air, the release agent will release the active ingredient into the air stream.
  • the active substance is a biocide and/or a fragrance.
  • the release agent is a microporous polymer.
  • the release agent may be a microcapsule polymer shell.
  • the release agent may be a melamine-formaldehyde microencapsulate shell.
  • the shells may range in size between 5-100 ⁇ m micrometers.
  • he composition is sprayed on to the substrate in a liquid emulsion.
  • a filter installed in an air blowing device whereby air passed over or through the filter whereby to release the active substance.
  • FIG. 1A is a bottom perspective view of an embodiment of a sterilising hand-drying apparatus, shown with its secondary filter arrangement depicted in exploded view—the embodiment is shown as it would be viewed from below when mounted on an upright surface, such as a wall;
  • FIG. 1B is an upper perspective view of the same embodiment of FIG. 1A , except with the apparatus shown opened up to reveal its internal components inside the housing, and the main filter arrangement positioned on the fan-casing;
  • FIG. 1C shows a front view of a baseplate for the embodiment of FIGS. 1A and 1B , and shows the baseplate as it would appear, face on, when mounted on an upright surface, such as a wall;
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show side views of the embodiment of FIG. 1A , with FIG. 2A showing the apparatus with the housing in a closed arrangement, and FIG. 2B showing the same apparatus with the housing in an opened arrangement. (Certain internal components are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B using dotted lines. Details of most of the internal components inside the hood, however, have been omitted from FIGS. 2A and 2B for the sake of clarity);
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of a first embodiment of a filter arrangement of the main filter that is used in the main aperture in the embodiment of FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom perspective view of the fan-casing that is seen in FIG. 1B , except that here the fan-casing is shown separately to reveal its underside and the heating elements. Also shown in FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of components of the embodiment of the main filter arrangement shown relative to where these fit into the main aperture of the fan-housing;
  • FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram of electrical circuitry elements of an embodiment of the hand drying apparatus
  • FIG. 6A illustrates a see-through perspective view of a further modified embodiment which has a filter-replacement mechanism that continuously or intermittently feeds a sheet-like filter material across an aperture in the housing;
  • FIG. 6B is a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 6A ;
  • FIG. 7A shows an exploded side view of a second embodiment of a main filter arrangement that can be used to fit into the main aperture of FIG. 4 ;
  • FIG. 7B shows an assembled side view of the filter arrangement of FIG. 7A ;
  • FIG. 8A show an exploded view of a third embodiment of a main filter arrangement, having three filter components, compared to the two components of the embodiment of FIGS. 7A and 7B ;
  • FIG. 8B shows an assembled side view of the filter arrangement of FIG. 8A ;
  • FIG. 8C shows a fourth embodiment of a main filter arrangement having four filter components
  • FIG. 8D shows an assembled side view of the filter arrangement of FIG. 8C having four filter components
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B show an embodiment where filters pieces are installed inside their filter housings, with FIG. 9A shown when there is no airflow, and FIG. 9B shown when an airflow passes through;
  • FIG. 10A shows yet a further embodiment of a filter arrangement used with a hair drying apparatus
  • FIG. 10B shows a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 10A , with the modification being that the filter arrangement has an additional substance-effusing filter;
  • FIG. 10C shows another modification of the embodiment of FIG. 10A , having a four-filter arrangement similar to that shown in FIG. 8C ;
  • FIG. 11A shows yet another embodiment of a filter arrangement used with a vacuum cleaner
  • FIG. 11B shows another modification of the embodiment of FIG. 11A , having a four-filter arrangement similar to that shown in FIG. 8C ;
  • FIGS. 12A , 12 B and 12 C show a different embodiment of a filter arrangement, in front, side and exploded side views respectively, used with an air-circulation fan;
  • FIGS. 12D and 12E show a further embodiment of a filter arrangement used with a fan, having a four-filter arrangement that has a similar function to that of the embodiment in FIG. 8C ;
  • FIG. 13 is a simple schematic diagram of an embodiment of a filter arrangement incorporated in a clothes dryer.
  • FIG. 14 is a simple schematic diagram of an embodiment of a filter arrangement incorporated in a refrigerator.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B have been drawn with minimum detail, only showing details of embodiments of a filter-replacement mechanism. For the sake of simplicity, other internal details of the dryer have been omitted from FIGS. 6A and 6B , and likewise for FIGS. 13 and 14 .
  • the embodiments are intended to kill a full spectrum of bacteria, germs and the like, and the terms bacteria or germs are used in a general sense, and should not be construed narrowly from any biological definitions that would otherwise limit the invention to killing a certain type of harmful micro-organism.
  • FIG. 1A shows a sterilising hand-drying apparatus in the form of a hand dryer 1 .
  • the dryer 1 draws in and expels an airflow into a human-activity environment frequented by people, such as a toilet, or in a washroom such as in a hospital, to name but a few examples.
  • the hand dryer 1 is adapted to emit or expel an airflow or stream of substantially sterilised, heated air 200 C for drying hands.
  • the operational range of the heated air is around 55 to 65 degrees Centigrade.
  • the hand dryer 1 has a housing which includes a main hood 10 and a base-mounting in the form of a baseplate 11 .
  • the baseplate 11 is best seen in FIGS. 1B and 1C , and also in FIGS. 2A and 2B .
  • the hood 10 is mounted to the baseplate 11 by hinges 12 .
  • the hinges 12 are designed such that the hood 10 can be detached or removed from the baseplate 11 . This enables the hand dryer 1 to be installed in the simple two-step process: firstly, the baseplate 11 is mounted to an upright surface such as a wall, and secondly, the hood 10 is attached to the hinges of the baseplate 11 .
  • the baseplate 11 is secured to the wall with screws 13 , bolts or other appropriate fastening mechanism.
  • FIG. 1A shows the hood 10 arranged in a closed position, which is the arrangement when the dryer 1 is in installed in location.
  • FIG. 1B shows the hood 10 arranged in an opened position.
  • the hood 10 is locked to the base-plate 11 , and requires a special key 16 A to unlocked the lock 16 B, as seen in FIGS. 1A and 1B .
  • the dryer 1 is provided with heating-means in the form of a heating element 300 .
  • the heating element 300 is located at an opening of the fan-casing 400 , and is shown more clearly in the separate bottom perspective view of the fan-casing 400 in FIG. 4 .
  • the heating element 300 includes a grid of wires or plates adapted to be heated up electrically when the dryer 1 is emitting the hot airflow.
  • the heating element 300 is positioned inside in the housing 10 , 11 , and is used to heat up the airstream 200 B so that the air is sufficiently warm to dry the user's hands.
  • the dryer 1 has an inlet-means through which the air, in use, enters the housing 10 , 11 and travels to reach the heating element 300 .
  • the inlet-means is regarded as a region or passage through which the air travels to reach the heating element 300 .
  • the inlet-means encompasses quite a range of components and features in the embodiment of FIG. 1B .
  • the inlet-means includes a secondary filter assembly 520 A, 520 B, 520 C through which air enters the housing.
  • the inlet-means also include the cavernous interior of the housing 10 , 11 .
  • the air flows through the secondary filter assembly 520 A, 520 B, 520 C and then into the interior of the cavernous interior of the housing 10 , 11 .
  • the inlet means also includes a main-entrance 405 located in the side of the fan-casing 400 .
  • a main airborne-bacteria filter arrangement in the form of main-filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C (and other embodiments described below).
  • FIG. 3 An exploded view of a first embodiment of the main filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 4 shows the embodiment of the main filter assembly, in relation to where it fits into the main entrance 405 of the fan-casing 400 .
  • the main filter assembly preferably includes a base element 410 A that fits directly into the main entrance or main aperture 405 .
  • the base element 410 A is provided with several resilient claws 408 that enable the base element to engage and lock with the main aperture 405 .
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of parts of the main filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C.
  • a bacteria entrapment filter-means in the form of a filter material 410 B is attached to the filter holder 410 C.
  • the filter holder 410 C is able to engage with the base element 410 .
  • the filter material 410 B is provided with slits which are used to mount the filter on the filter holder 410 C. In use, protruding pins 411 on the filter holder 410 C, pass through the slits in the filter, as seen in FIG. 4 and best in FIG. 7B .
  • Each of the filter holders 410 A, 410 C has a coarse mesh 414 that is also limits the movement of the filter material 410 B in place.
  • the base element 410 A and the filter holder 410 C are provided with corresponding bayonet mounting parts, that enable these parts to fit together with a bayonet-style engagement.
  • other forms or styles of engagements mechanisms can be used, such as inter-fitting pins or press fit mounting, or press-and-lock mountings.
  • the dryer 1 has an outlet-means through which the air, after being heated by the heating element 300 , is emitted as a heated airflow 200 C that is used for drying hands.
  • the outlet-means is regarded as region or passage through which the air travels away from the heating element 300 until it is expelled from the dryer 1 .
  • the heating element 300 is located inside a projecting snout-like opening 14 on the front of the hood 10 .
  • the outlet-means is rather short in overall distance, compared to the distance the air has to travel through the inlet-means.
  • the opening 14 has a grille 15 which prevents the user's fingers from touching the heated parts of the heating element 300 .
  • the airflow 200 A, 200 B, 200 C through the dryer 1 is created by airflow-generation-means in the form of a rotating fan 401 , seen in FIG. 4 .
  • the fan 401 is in the form of a rotor that revolves inside the fan-casing 400 . Inner portions of the circular fan 401 can be seen in FIG. 4 .
  • the generally circular shape of the fan-casing 400 accommodates the circular fan 401 .
  • the rotation of the fan 401 is operated by a motor 430 , seen in FIG. 1B .
  • the motor is a 125 watt, 7500 rpm universal motor.
  • the casing of the motor 430 is sealed to avoid bacteria entering the airflow in the fan-casing 400 via any gaps in the casing of the motor 430 .
  • the rotating fan 401 located in the fan-casing 400 , is adapted to move the air swiftly as an airflow.
  • the airflow enters into the housing via the initial secondary aperture 520 D and its secondary filter assembly 520 A, 520 B, 520 C, then through the cavernous interior of the housing 10 , 11 , and then through the main aperture 405 and through the main-filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C until the airflow reaches the heating elements 300 .
  • the airflow or air current, generated by the fan 401 is expelled from the housing as a heated airflow 200 C that is able to be used for drying the user's hands.
  • the inlet-means of the dryer 1 includes at least one “main entrance” in the form of a main aperture 405 .
  • This main aperture is intended as the only entrance for air and bacteria to enter the fan-casing 400 .
  • main entrance all the airflow that is emitted from the dryer has to finally pass initially through this main entrance.
  • an opening would be defined to be a “main aperture” or “main entrance” if literally all the air in the airflow that comes out of the dryer, at some point, has to pass through that aperture or entrance.
  • an effective bacteria-entrapping filter By placing an effective bacteria-entrapping filter on the one or more main entrances, it ensures that all airflow coming out of the dryer is intercepted by a bacteria-entrapping filter.
  • the main aperture 405 is located on the fan-casing 400 .
  • the main aperture 405 is in an opening in the fan-casing 400 , such that all air that enters the fan-casing 400 has to pass through this final filter 410 B. After the airflow enters the fan-casing, there is only one exit 14 out of the apparatus 1 . Therefore, this aperture 405 is regarded as a “main entrance” because, apart from this, there is no other entrance into the fan-casing. In other words, there is no other path that leads to the final exit 14 .
  • the secondary entrance 520 D in FIG. 1A , cannot be regarded as a “main entrance” because there could be numerous other ways for air to enter the apparatus.
  • bacteria could bypass the secondary filter 520 D when the hood 10 is opened, or even enter through gaps in the hood 10 and baseplate 11 when the hood 10 is closed.
  • bacteria-laden ambient air of the toilet floods into the interior of the apparatus 1 .
  • there are numerous internal surfaces inside the apparatus 1 which, over months or years of use, can become infested and act as sources of bacteria.
  • the secondary filter 520 B would not intercept this extraneous bacteria that enters the airflow through other ways, such as the opened hood or from internal surfaces, but the final main filter 410 B would stop such extraneous bacteria. That is why the secondary entrance 520 D is not regarded as a “main entrance”, and why the secondary filter 520 B is not regarded as a “main filter”.
  • main aperture 405 The main entrance, in the form of main aperture 405 , can be seen in FIG. 4 .
  • this main aperture 405 is obscured because the main filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C is shown inserted into this main aperture 405 in the fan-casing.
  • This main filter-assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C intercepts the airflow before the airflow reaches the heating element 300 .
  • the main aperture 405 is the point in the airflow where all the airflow in the dryer must pass through if it is to be expelled from the dryer. Here, bacteria particles are finally entrapped and thus stopped from entering the fan-casing 400 .
  • the rest of the casing 400 , 430 is sealed such that air cannot enter, for instance, through the motor casing 430 .
  • main filter arrangement 410 A, 410 B, 410 C By placing the main filter arrangement 410 A, 410 B, 410 C at the final point of entry into the fan-casing, it acts as the last possible line of defence. It ensures that all the bacteria, that might have remained in the airflow, is intercepted by the main filter 410 B. Even if bacteria enters the machine unexpectedly through gaps in the walls of the apparatus, or from long-term bacteria accumulation inside the apparatus, such bacteria cannot be expelled through the emanating airflow 200 C from grille 15 , because any airflow leaving the apparatus must finally pass through the main filter arrangement 410 A, 410 B, 410 C.
  • the identification of the main entrance, and the location of the main filter arrangement at that final entry point 405 to the fan-housing is a feature that contributes to the ability of the apparatus 1 to achieve 100% removal and destruction of bacteria in the airflow 200 C that emanates from the drying apparatus 1 .
  • the final main filter 410 B is located directly on the fan-housing, so that all of these extraneous contaminants and bacteria, upstream in the airflow, can be caught and intercepted by the final and main filter arrangement 410 A, 410 B, 410 C before it enters the fan-housing.
  • the main filter arrangement is located at the last possible location before the airflow reaches the heating element 300 and the exit point 15 . (It would be inconvenient to place the filter inside the fan-housing, because this could not easily be replaced, and a filter that is not easily replaced can, over time, itself become a source of contamination).
  • the main aperture 405 , and the associated main filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C, are located totally inside the apparatus housing 10 , 11 . This ensures that users cannot access the main filter assembly, and that it can only be accessed and replaced by authorised personnel.
  • the location of the main filter 410 B on the fan-casing being the only entrance leading into the fan-casing, ensures that this main filter 410 B can intercept all bacteria that enters the fan-casing 400 .
  • the main entrance 405 is located in an entrance leading into the airflow-generation-means, or in other modifications its actual location can be modified, provided that all air entering the airflow-generation-means passes through this final entrance.
  • the main aperture (or main apertures) is only located on or connected to the fan-casing 400 , such that all airflow entering the fan-casing has to pass through this main aperture. This is the preferred and best location, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1A .
  • the main aperture which is the main and only opening into the fan-casing 400
  • the main aperture 405 into the fan casing 400 cannot be accessible from the outer surface of the hood 10 , otherwise it would enable unauthorised users to have access into the moving parts and the electrically-wired parts of the hand dryer apparatus 1 . It would also offer vandals an opportunity to insert harmful matter into the motorised parts of the apparatus, and even squirt water into the fan and motor. All these possibilities would pose a danger to users of the dryer 1 .
  • Bacteria is actually comprised of extremely minute, microscopic particles.
  • the dryer 1 of the present embodiment is provided with bacteria-entrapment-filter-means.
  • bacteria-entrapment-filter-means a means for trapping the bacteria particles so that the air which is emitted from the dryer 1 is actually free from or devoid of the bacteria particles.
  • the focus is not just on killing the bacteria, but also on entrapping the bacteria particles.
  • the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means of the main-filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C includes the filter material 410 B which is a fibrous, dense, generally non-uniform matrix of filter material that is sufficiently dense to intercept and entrap a substantial portion of the bacteria particles in the airflow.
  • the fibres act as a physical obstacle to the passage of the bacteria particles.
  • the filter material 410 B ideally needs to be replaced around once per month, given its regular use, for instance, in a typical public toilet facility, since there would be a build-up of bacteria particles in the filter material.
  • the filter material is a melded, non-woven fibrous material.
  • Non-woven fibres are preferred because it is found that woven materials are less suitable, with their tighter weave, which tend to restrict airflow more than non-woven fibrous materials.
  • the filter material in the embodiment of FIG. 1A is a non-woven, needle-felt, polyester fibrous pad of material, which has the following characteristics:
  • the filter material is a melded polyester fibrous matrix that has a totally random weaving matrix, or random lay.
  • the bacteria particles in an airstream, that pass through this fibrous matrix have to pass through a tortuous flow-path to navigate through the random, fibrous matrix, thus increasing the likelihood of each bacteria particle impacting and being entrapped by or on one of the fibres.
  • the filter mesh weight in gsm gives an indication of the nature of the average size of gaps in the filter mesh.
  • the present embodiment recognises the issue of conflicting needs. On one hand, it is desirable for the filter mesh to be sufficient to catch the bacteria particles, but, on the other hand, the mesh cannot be so small that it impedes optimum airflow.
  • the mesh size is selected as being around a 150 micron weave, in the sense that the non-woven material has average gaps or pores between the fibres of around 150 microns. This has been selected from the vast range of filter materials as being in the size-region where very fast airflow is achievable, while retaining the capacity to entrap 100% of the bacteria.
  • the ability to use a relatively large pore-sized 150 micron weave is made possible because the filter is used in conjunction with a sticky liquid coating on the filter, described below.
  • a 150 micron weave might not have been recognised, in the prior art, as a suitable mesh size for bacteria entrapment because the pores of a 150 micron weave are very significantly larger than the typical size of bacteria particles.
  • mesh sizes selected around 150 microns become suitable, because the large pore sizes allow fast airflow, while presenting a sufficiently tortuous and random flow-path that ensures that 100% of the bacteria will impinge on one of the fibres, and adhere thereto because of the sticky coating.
  • the weave selected around 150 microns, thus, uses a different mechanism to trap the bacteria.
  • the bacteria are not necessarily only caught between the gaps of two proximate fibres (as per the analogy of fish caught in a net). Rather, the weave of the fibrous matrix, at a 150 micron weave, is found to present a sufficiently tortuous path, that the probability of a bacteria hitting or colliding with a fibre is extremely high.
  • the filter strands are coated with a sticky material to ensure that the bacteria particles, which do collide with a filter fibre, are more than likely to cling to the fibre, rather than carry on with the airflow.
  • the large gaps in the fibres enable the airflow to move very quickly through the filter material.
  • the density of fibres at 150 microns ensures that the bacteria in the air are captured by the filter threads as the air moves through the filter.
  • While filters of around 150 microns are, of course, widely available in the market for general use, it is the unforeseen selection of a filter mesh around 150 microns that gives the unexpected result of enabling both i) 100% germ capture and ii) very high airflow speed.
  • the selection of around 150 micron mesh is unexpected because the large pore size is many multiple times larger than the typical bacteria size.
  • the selection, used for the present embodiment recognises that this seemingly large filter pore size actually and unexpectedly becomes an ideal choice, if it is combined with the sticky coating.
  • Some experimentation may be done to determine the upper and lower limits of acceptability, in terms of plus-or-minus variance from the 150 micron mark that can still achieve the dual and unexpected benefits of enabling i) 100% germ capture and ii) very high airflow speed.
  • the main filter material 410 B traps and retains, in the filter, a substantial portion of the bacteria particles in the airflow.
  • the airflow leaving the main filter 410 B is more sterile than when it enters the filter 410 B.
  • the word “retains” indicates that a substantial portion of the bacteria enters, but is unable to leave the filter.
  • the airflow leaving the main filter 410 B has numerically fewer particles of bacteria than the airflow entering the same main filter 410 B.
  • a feature of the present embodiment, that has been verified by independent microbiological testing, is that the airflow leaving the filter 410 B is fully 100% bacteria-free or at least substantially bacteria-free and extremely close to the 100% mark.
  • the bacteria particles have not merely been inactivated or killed, but have been physically removed from the airflow to a very substantial degree.
  • the embodiment of the dryer 1 is provided with a means of entrapping and retaining the actual bacteria particles, so as to prevent the bacteria from leaving the dryer in the warm airflow 200 C.
  • air filters used in prior art dryers, which merely filter out larger particles such as dust and grit, and which are not adapted or even intended to entrap the bacteria on a scale of 100% removal of the bacteria particles.
  • any prior art that recites merely an “air filter” should not necessarily be treated, prima facie, as a prior disclosure of a bacteria-entrapment-filter-means unless it teaches the actual entrapment of the bacteria particles.
  • a broad premise of the embodiment is that, in order to kill the bacteria effectively, the bacteria particles have to entrapped. This is a different approach to those prior art sterilising dryers that attempt to kill the bacteria while the bacteria is entrained in the swiftly moving airflow, without first trapping and retaining the bacteria particles. In experiments, it has been found that such prior art systems are far less effective at removing bacteria from the airflow, compared to experimental embodiments of the present embodiment which, firstly, entrap the bacteria, and then secondly kill the entrapped bacteria which is held motionless in the filter.
  • the fibrous matrix is able to physically capture bacteria particles and, at the same time, also to present minimal impedance to the airflow.
  • the average gaps or pores between the fibres that are very significantly larger than the size of bacteria so as to present minimal impedance to the airflow.
  • a tortuous path for the airflow created by the fibrous matrix so that the bacteria particles have an extremely high probability of impacting at least some of the fibres of the matrix.
  • the filter material used in the present embodiment is a carded polyester spun-bond membrane with multiple random fibres of 150 grams per metre square.
  • the filter material has a calliper thickness of 1.4 to 1.8 mm. This relatively large pore size, in the 150 gsm filter material, allows a maximum air velocity permeability of 2500 l/sec/m 2 .
  • This material when in the dry state, provides a degree of fibre entanglement with average gaps or pore sizes of around 30-40 microns. Thus, in a dry state, this material is inadequate for achieving 100% bacteria capture, because the bacteria particles are usually 0.3 to 30 microns, and viruses are between 0.01 and 0.05 microns.
  • the 150 gsm filter material in itself, unlikely to be suited to achieving the goal of 100% capture rate or close to that.
  • the selection of such an apparently unsuitably large mesh size when combined with the sticky coating on the fibres, is unexpectedly able to be used in achieving the goal of 100% capture rate, while still enabling fast airflow speeds through the large pore sizes.
  • the added stickiness of the coated fibres enhances the ability to entrap particles many times over the normally expected capture rate that would be suggested merely from the 150 micron pore size alone.
  • Bacteria-Killing Substance Killing The Germs In The Filter
  • the filter material 410 B is coated with a bacteria-killing substance that is able to kill the bacteria entrapped and retained therein.
  • the fibrous matrix has, on its fibres, a toxic bacteria-killing substance which is able to kill any bacteria that impinges on the bacteria-killing substance on the fibres.
  • the germs or bacteria are entrapped, and then killed while they are in the filter. Otherwise, if the germs were merely entrapped, but not killed, then bacteria levels in the filter would gradually increase over time. Then, when the machine is turned off or not in operation, bacteria on the filter would grow, such that the filter itself would become a source of bacteria that could spread throughout the apparatus to infect the internal surfaces.
  • the anti-bacteria material which is used to kill the bacteria, may be in the form of liquid or gel, provided it performs the role of killing the bacteria that is entrapped in the filter.
  • the bacteria-killing substance is sprayed onto the fibrous filter material within an alcohol-based liquid spray.
  • the alcohol evaporates, the bacteria-killing substance remains on the fibrous, random matrix.
  • the bacteria-killing substance is a liquid-applied substance.
  • the bacteria-killing substance When the bacteria-killing substance is applied as a liquid to the fibre, it forms a sticky coating on the fibre which aids in the capture of bacteria that impinges on the bacteria-killing substance found on the fibres.
  • the sticky coating is able to physically hold the impinging bacteria particles to the fibre so that the bacteria are held and killed in that location.
  • any number of anti-bacterial materials or liquids can be used to kill the bacteria particles that are entrapped in the filters 410 B, 520 B.
  • the substance is manufactured by Healthguard Corporation of Campbellfield, Victoria, Australia, bearing product code: AFA-BK, 9-260.
  • the entrapment filter 410 B should be changed each month, since the potency of the anti-bacterial sticky material on the filter does not maintain its effectiveness for extended periods.
  • the anti-bacteria material kills bacteria that impinges on the filter 410 B
  • a disadvantage is that traces of the anti-bacteria material can remain in the airflow, and exit the filter into the atmosphere of the human-activity environment.
  • these minute trace amounts anti-bacteria material are unlikely to be dangerous to the average person, these can be highly dangerous to some people, particularly those who suffer from respiratory or lung ailments. For example, people who suffer from cystic fibrosis can be harmed by even trace amounts of toxic materials in the atmosphere.
  • the anti-bacteria liquid when it is at the level of potency that can kill 100% of the typically most virulent bacteria, tends to be very poisonous and harmful to humans. For example, it is potentially an eye-irritant.
  • the bacteria-killing substance is required to be highly toxic in order to kill the bacteria, but preferably the toxins need to be removed from the airflow.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show that the main fibrous filter 410 B, which has the a toxic bacteria-killing substance, is followed in sequence by a charcoal or carbon filter-means.
  • the charcoal filter-means is the form of a charcoal-infused fibrous or porous filter material 410 D that is infused with charcoal or carbon particles.
  • Removal of the bacteria-killing substance from the airflow enables the apparatus 1 to be used in human-activity environment where there are people with very sensitive lung conditions, such as in hospitals.
  • the bacteria-killing substance is removed from the airflow, this allows the option to use of much more highly potent bacteria-killing substances on the first fibrous filter 410 B.
  • This because, without the subsequent charcoal filter 410 D, it would have been necessary to refrain from using extremely toxic materials in the first filter 410 B, for fear that the greater toxicity in the airflow might harm people in the surrounding environment.
  • the use of much more highly toxic substances in the first filter 410 B enables the apparatus to achieve greater effectiveness in its bacteria-killing capacity. In the embodiment, this ability to use much more highly toxic materials, due to the presence of the charcoal filter, contributes to the ability to achieve a 100% bacteria-free airflow emanating from the apparatus 1 .
  • the charcoal re-oxygenates the airflow as it flows through the charcoal-infused filter 410 D.
  • the charcoal is believe to have the dual roles of, firstly, removing the toxic anti-bacterial chemical, and, secondly, re-oxygenating the airflow.
  • the charcoal is also believed to remove malodours and smells from the airflow.
  • a fibrous filter material 410 D is infused with charcoal particles or powder, however, in other modifications, highly porous pieces of charcoal or charcoal-infused material, may also be used, provided the porosity is sufficient to not substantially impede the airflow velocity.
  • the charcoal filter 410 D be primarily used to trap and kill the bacteria.
  • the step of trapping and killing the bacteria is performed in the first entrapment filter 410 B.
  • the airflow that comes from the entrapment filter 410 B would have reached the 100% bacteria free level, or at least virtually at that level, at the point where it enters the charcoal filter 410 D.
  • charcoal or carbon is believed to be an inferior material for trapping and killing the bacteria. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the charcoal is not as suitable a substrate on which to place the bacteria-killing substance, perhaps because the bacteria-killing substance may be absorbed inside the charcoal particles, rather than letting the bacteria-killing substance remain on the surface to be available to kill the bacteria. Also, it is postulated that the charcoal particles may contaminate the bacteria-killing substance, which, in the embodiment, is a liquid or liquid-applied substance. In summary, the charcoal filter 410 D in the embodiment is not adapted to perform the step of killing the bacteria.
  • the charcoal filter 410 D in the embodiment, does not contain the sticky anti-bacterial liquid coating, the 100% removal of bacteria from the airflow should have been achieved before the airstream reaches the charcoal filter 410 D. If not, then it implies that some bacteria could be reaching the charcoal filter, and this bacteria could multiply when the airflow is not operating. That could lead to the charcoal filter, over time, turning into a source of bacteria. Hence, the 100% removal of bacteria must occur before the airflow reaches the charcoal filter.
  • the base element 410 A of the filter assembly is adapted to fit directly into the main entrance or main aperture 405 of the fan-casing.
  • the first filter holder 410 C in turn, fits onto the base element 410 A, followed by a second filter holder 410 E which, in turn, fits onto the first filter holder 410 C.
  • FIG. 7B shows the components of FIG. 7A in an assembled state.
  • the assembled parts fit together with a bayonet-style engagement, although other forms of attachment mechanisms are possible in other embodiments.
  • an arrow 409 shows the direction of the airflow when the apparatus 1 is in use.
  • the filter arrangement is provided with filter-barrier-means which, in the embodiment, includes the walls of the filter holders which, when assembled, fit very tightly together. It also includes the barrier created by the interface of the lower edge of the base element 410 A and the fan-housing.
  • the walls of the filter holders 410 C, 410 E when fitted together in use, serve to house the main entrapment filter 410 B and the charcoal filter 410 D.
  • the net effect of the filter-barrier-means is to provide a bacteria-impermeable barrier for the filters 410 B, 410 D.
  • This effective bacteria-impermeable barrier separates the filters 410 B, 410 E from the interior of the apparatus. This means that, when the airflow is blowing through the apparatus 1 and even when it is not, bacteria or other contaminants inside the apparatus can only enter the filter arrangement via the face of the main filter 410 B that directly faces the incoming airflow. The contaminants and bacteria cannot pass through other parts or joints of the filter arrangement.
  • the airborne-bacteria filter arrangement 410 A, 410 B, 410 C, 410 D, 410 E is located fully inside the interior of the apparatus 1 .
  • bacteria cannot enter into the interior of the filter arrangement through points of abutment of the components 410 A, 410 C, 410 E, due to the bacteria-impermeable barrier that results from the tight fitting of the components.
  • the bacteria-impermeable barrier prevents entry of bacteria through the sides or joints of the filter assembly ( 410 A to 410 E).
  • the same bacteria-impermeable barrier prevents any live bacteria inside the filter arrangement from escaping into the interior of the apparatus when the apparatus is turned off, or not generating an airflow. For instance, bacteria might enter through the grille 15 , in FIG. 1A .
  • the bacteria-impermeable barrier prevents bacteria from entering into the interior of the apparatus. This avoids the interior of the apparatus itself eventually becoming a source of bacteria. (When the machine is turned off, the main filter 410 B prevents bacteria, entering via the opposite, end passage 14 , from reaching the internal regions of the apparatus. Once the apparatus is turned on again and used, any bacteria in the end passage 14 would tend to be killed by the heat from the heating element 300 ).
  • the main filter arrangement 410 A to 410 E in this embodiment, is positioned and located at the final entry point to the fan-housing 400 .
  • the provision of a bacteria-impermeable barrier for the main filter arrangement further ensures that bacteria cannot pass through the main aperture 405 through gaps or joints in the filter assembly, except and only through the front of the main filter 410 B.
  • the mechanism for fitting the components of the filter assembly together may be designed so that, once fitted, the components cannot be pulled apart by the user.
  • Some form of locking mechanism may be provided. This is to ensure that the user does not inadvertently open up the filter assembly, thus releasing any bacteria therein.
  • the intention, for such an embodiment, is that the entire filter assembly 410 A to 410 E is replaced periodically, as an entire unit. In the present embodiment, it is recommended that the filter assembly be replaced at least once a month.
  • charcoal filter may not strictly be required. People with a general state of health may tolerate the low trace levels of the bacteria-killing substances in the airflow that emanates into the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the filter arrangement when assembled, is in the form of an integral and single unit. In other words, all the relevant components of the filter arrangement are contained in a single replaceable and disposable unit.
  • the entire main filter arrangement can be removed as a single entity, and replaced. This is an advantage because the ability to conveniently replace the main filter assembly ensures that it does not itself become a source of bacteria when the filter starts to be clogged with bacteria particles that have been entrapped and killed. It is not only the fibrous filter material that needs replacing, but also the surrounding components that are also tainted by bacteria. Such an advantage would not be present in prior art apparatus where components are spread around the machine as separate components.
  • the ability to replace the critical internal surfaces of the apparatus, that are closest to the final aperture 405 is another factor in the embodiment that contributes to the ability to achieve 100% bacteria removal, not simply in a new apparatus, but over years of use.
  • the main entrapment filter 410 B and the charcoal-infused filter 410 D are separated by a volumetric region, in the form of a volumetric gap 413 .
  • the gap 413 is sealed within the bacteria-impermeable barrier.
  • the volumetric gap 413 acts as an interim destination for the airflow to enter after leaving the entrapment filter 410 B. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that this confined volumetric gap 413 helps to maintain the airflow within a confined area, rather than diffusing over a wide cavernous volume that could add to air turbulence and decreased airflow speed.
  • the main entrapment filter 410 B and the charcoal-infused filter 410 D, when there is no airflow passing through, are generally parallel to one another such that the volumetric region therebetween is a flat and planar-like.
  • the airflow leaves the main entrapment filter 410 B and enters the charcoal-infused filter 410 D in a manner that the airflow is substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of each of the filter-means.
  • the height of the rim of each filter component determines the distance of the gap 413 between each filter component. It is believed that the distance between filter pieces affects the ability of air to flow through the overall filter arrangement. This is because the same filter materials 410 B, 410 D, placed together as a single, thick sandwich of filter materials, without gaps, would not allow the same speed of air-flow.
  • the charcoal filter 410 D should be relatively close the entrapment filter, so that substantially all the anti-bacteria toxic material from the main filter 410 B can be intercepted. Otherwise, if the charcoal filter 410 D were separated from the entrapment filter 410 B by a very great distance, then, over a period of years, the internal surfaces of the apparatus in between the main entrapment filter 410 B and the charcoal-infused filter 410 D could see a steady build-up of the toxic anti-bacteria chemicals on its internal surfaces. Thus, it is an advantage for the gap 413 to be as small as possible. A small gap 413 ensures that the airflow coming out of the main filter 410 B, will enter almost immediately into the charcoal filter 410 D, with less chance of depositing the toxic anti-bacterial liquid on internal surfaces of the apparatus.
  • the airflow enters the filter arrangement via the entrapment filter 410 B where the bacteria is trapped and killed by the anti-bacterial liquid that is coated on the fibres.
  • the airflow coming out of the filter 410 B enters a charcoal-infused filter 410 D where any traces of the anti-bacterial liquid, in the airflow, are removed.
  • the beneficial emittable-substance may be a pharmaceutical that is able to be administered to a user in an airborne manner.
  • the pharmaceutical could be a medicinal substance used by people who suffer from asthma.
  • people who suffer from asthma use an inhaler to breathe in medicinal vapour, however, an embodiment of the present invention can be used to infuse that substance into the ambient atmosphere, so that the pharmaceutical can be breathed in continuously in smaller trace amounts.
  • This approach can be used in relation to other breathing disorders, such as bronchitis and sinusitis. Potentially, any ailment that is treated by a person breathing in a vapour, can be delivered by effusing that substance into the air.
  • the beneficial emittable-substance may be a fragrance. This is useful when the apparatus 1 is used in environments that have unpleasant odours, such as in public toilets, where there is a need for air-freshening substances to be infused into the atmosphere. This has particular application to the field of aromatherapy.
  • this subsequent effusing filter 410 F can emit a less-toxic anti-bacterial substance, which is less potent compared to the highly toxic substance found on the entrapment filter 410 B. This less-toxic substance can be directed onto the user's hands as the hands are dried. This would provide additional anti-bacterial treatment for the hands.
  • the use of a less-toxic anti-bacterial substance, emitted from the effusing filter 410 F, also performs an added role of killing or minimising the amount of bacteria that enters the apparatus 1 via the end-opening 14 .
  • each beneficial emittable-substance can be used in combination with a chemical release agent.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B show an embodiment where filters are installed inside their filter housings, with FIG. 9A being when there is no airflow, and FIG. 9B when an airflow passes through.
  • the filters are in the form of a flat piece of filter material that is mounted loosely on a pin 411 .
  • the loose mounting of the filter on the pin is such that the filter is able to flutter in the airflow, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 9B .
  • this fluttering of the effusing filter 410 F assists in effusing the emittable-substance, from the fibres of the filter 410 F, into the airflow.
  • Various embodiments of the invention can have a range of acceptable sequences and/or combinations of filters.
  • a main bacteria entrapment filter 410 B is essential.
  • the entrapment filter 410 B is followed by the charcoal-infused fibrous filter 410 D, and in other human-activity environment where there are people who may be adversely sensitive to even trace doses of the highly toxic bacteria-killing substance used in the main entrapment filter 410 B.
  • the charcoal-infused fibrous filter 410 D may be omitted.
  • the effusing filter 410 F can follow after the entrapment filter 410 B as the next filter in sequence.
  • the effusing filter 410 F may not be required, and here it would be sufficient to have just the entrapment filter 410 B, and sometimes followed by the charcoal-infused fibrous filter 410 D, where necessary.
  • FIGS. 8C and 8D show a fourth embodiment where the filter arrangement includes four filters 410 B, 410 D, 410 F, 410 FF in sequence.
  • FIG. 8C and 8D airflow through the filter arrangement first encounters the main entrapment filter 410 B and the charcoal-infused filter 410 D. Following these are two effusing filters 410 F, 410 FF.
  • each effusing filter when there are two or more effusing filters, 410 F, 410 FF, each effusing filter preferably contains a different beneficial emittable-substance.
  • next filter 410 F in the sequence could effuse a fragrance or perfume into the air, while the ultimate filter 410 FF in the sequence could emit the less-toxic anti-bacterial substance.
  • the bacteria in the airflow is entrapped by the filter and killed by a poisonous, highly toxic anti-bacteria substance on the first filter 410 B;
  • the poisonous anti-bacteria substance is removed from the airflow by the charcoal-infused filter 410 D;
  • a mist of mild anti-bacterial substance is effused into the airflow by the ultimate effusing filter 410 FF, so that the airflow emanating from the apparatus will contain a mild non-toxic anti-bacterial substance.
  • the airflow first encounters the filter 410 F with the evaporating substance, followed by the filter 410 FF that has the mist-creating substance.
  • each of the filter holders are provided with a mechanism that can engage with another filter holder only in a predetermined acceptable sequence.
  • Each of the filter-holders 410 C, 410 E, 410 G is provided with attachment-sequence-means that ensure that the filters can only be attached one to the other in the aforesaid sequence.
  • the attachment-sequence-means on each filter-housing is in the form of a shaped contour that can only mate precisely with a corresponding contour on the filter-housing that is next in any one of the acceptable sequences.
  • the attachment-sequence-means is in the form of a bayonet-style mount.
  • the dimensions and position of the bayonet mount on each of the housings 410 C, 410 E, 410 G are designed to ensure that unacceptable combinations cannot possibly occur, as described above.
  • the embodiment of the filter arrangement cannot have the charcoal-infused fibrous filter 410 D being the first filter in the sequence.
  • the filter housings 410 C, 410 E, 410 G are designed with connectors that can only mate or connect with another of the filter housings, in an acceptable combination.
  • FIG. 7B an acceptable combination would be seen in FIG. 7B where the rear of the main filter housing 410 C is able to mate or connect with the front of the housing 410 D for the charcoal-infused filter.
  • the attachment-sequence-means could be in the form of pins on one filter housing that can only mate with another of the filter housings when there is a corresponding pin-hole.
  • the location of the pins and pin-holes are located to ensure that only the acceptable sequences of connection are possible.
  • the filter-holders combine to create the bacteria-impermeable barrier, discussed above.
  • the filter-holders also fit together in an acceptable sequence to form a single stack, also discussed above.
  • the inlet-means in addition to the main filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C and also preferably 410 D to 410 G, it is preferable for the inlet-means to also include one or more secondary filters arranged in series with the main filter arrangement 410 A to 410 E/G.
  • a secondary filter 520 B partially reduces the amount of bacteria in the airflow, but not all of the airflow passes through the secondary filter. For instance, in the embodiment, when there is no rubber strips to seal the gaps between the hood 10 and the baseplate 11 , some airflow can enter the dryer 1 through these gaps, and, as a consequence, allow entry of bacteria through the gaps. That is the reason why, in the embodiment, the external filter 520 B is regarded merely as a “secondary filter”.
  • Each of the one or more secondary entrances 520 D is provided with a bacteria-entrapment-filter-means ( 520 B). It stands to reason that having more than one filter increases the overall combined “thickness” of filter material that the bacteria has to pass through, thus increasing the likelihood of the bacteria being entrapped by the filter material.
  • the air which enters the housing 10 , 11 , eventually reaches the heating elements 300 after it passes through a series of apertures.
  • the initial secondary aperture 520 D is obscured in FIG. 1A , since this aperture 520 D is shown with the secondary filter assembly 520 A, 520 B, 520 C in exploded view, indicating how the three parts of the secondary filter-assembly fit into this aperture 520 D).
  • the coarse mesh of the secondary filter holders 520 A, 520 C are useful for filtering our large dust and other particles.
  • Other embodiments can have more than three layers comprised in the secondary filter assembly.
  • the secondary filter 520 B located at this initial aperture 520 D, stops a substantial portion of the bacteria particles entering the inlet-means of the dryer. In practice, however, not all bacteria particles are entrapped by this secondary filter 520 B, and moreover, further bacteria can enter the dryer 1 through gaps in the housing 10 , 11 , and even when the hood 10 is open. Therefore, the main filter 410 B, on the main aperture 405 , is used to entrap any bacteria in the airflow that eludes entrapment by the initial secondary filter 520 B.
  • the main filter 410 B rather than simply increasing the thickness of the main filter 410 B, it is preferable to have two or more entrapment filters in series, so as to effectively increase the amount of filter material through which the airflow has to pass. In other words, to have one or more secondary filters 520 B through which the airflow passes before coming to the main filter 410 B.
  • these can also be achieved by adding further multiples of the entrapment filter components 410 B, 410 C.
  • the series would be achieved by adding to the stack of components. In other words, it is better to have several entrapment filters in series, rather than having one single entrapment filter of great and equivalent thickness.
  • the secondary filter 520 B may also be regarded as being in series with the main filter 410 B because the airflow passes through each of these filters, one after the other, in sequence, or in series, as it were.
  • the fan assembly 401 acts as an air-pump that the sucks air from within the housing 10 , 11 into the pump. To maintain the rate of airflow produced by the fan 401 , there must be a sufficient body of air for the fan to suck in. This is why the housing 10 , 11 is provided with a sizeable interior, so that a sizeable body of air can be located proximate to the fan assembly.
  • main aperture 405 and the main filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C are separated from its next nearest entrance in the series, namely the initial secondary aperture 520 D and its filter assembly 520 A, 520 B, 520 C, by a substantial space in the housing that contains sufficient air to satisfy the air intake requirements of the fan 401 assembly, in terms of volume of air per unit time.
  • At least one secondary entrance 520 D may be located on an external surface of the housing 10 , so as to be accessible by the user from outside of the housing.
  • FIG. 1A shows the assembly 520 A, 520 B, 520 C of the secondary filter in exploded view, indicating that its components can be accessed and replaced from outside of the housing 10 .
  • FIG. 1A and 1B which has an inner main filter 410 B and an external secondary filter 520 B, it is found that the external filter 520 B traps most of the dust and large particulate. This leaves the main inner filter 410 B to be used mostly for entrapping the bacteria particles.
  • the dryer 1 is capable of achieving around a 79% reduction in bacteria particles in the airflow that is emitted from the dryer. It is believed that this loss of efficiency is because some bacteria enters the housing 10 , 11 through the fine gaps between the edge of the hood 10 and the baseplate 11 .
  • the preferred 100% bacteria reduction can be achieved, preferably when all other gaps or entrances into the housing are sealed in use.
  • the gaps between the housing 10 and the base plate 11 can be fitted with rubber gaskets, so that a seal is created when the hood 10 is closed and pressed against the baseplate 11 , however, this modification is less effective when the hood is opened to introduce bacteria into the apparatus.
  • all gaps in the housing, that are not intended by intent and design for the airflow path of the apparatus are sealed to such a level to prevent bacteria entry.
  • the airflow path of the apparatus which is by intent and design, is characterised by those apertures that are provided with the intent to allow airflow therethrough, and does not include unintentional gaps through which air can enter unintentionally.
  • the secondary filter holders 520 A, 520 C can also hold a wad of material that contains a fragrance.
  • the secondary filter can carry both a fragrance-carrier, as well as a filter material impregnated with anti-bacteria, killing material.
  • the filter actually entraps the bacteria particles and kills the entrapped particles. Consequently, the filter can, over a period of time, become clogged with dead bacteria particles. Hence, in the embodiment of FIG. 1A , it is advisable for the filter or filters 410 B, 520 B to be replaced each month.
  • the bacteria-entrapment-filter-means includes a filter-replacement mechanism that is able to automatically replace the filter material, in use, with replacement filter material.
  • the filter-replacement mechanism includes a spool-motor 700 .
  • the filter material is in the form of a loop of sheet-like filter material 440 B that travels around and around the spools 710 in a manner similar to a conveyor-belt.
  • the sheet-like filter material 440 B traverses across a secondary aperture (not shown) in the hood 10 of FIG. 6A , so as to act as a filter for that secondary aperture.
  • a secondary aperture not shown
  • the filter material in use is replaced with replacement filter material periodically after a period of time.
  • the sheet-like filter material 440 B may be adapted for use in the main filter assembly.
  • the movement of the spool-motor 700 is controlled by a micro-processor control circuit which controls the timing and motion of the spool-motor.
  • the motor 700 can move the filter material 440 B either continuously or intermittently. For instance, the motor can move the filter material once every month, so that the filter material which covers the aperture in effectively replaced each month. Alternatively, the motor 700 can move the filter material 440 B progressively with a constant, very slow motion. This enables a greater amount of filter material to participate in the filtering process. Assuming this filter material 440 B is also replaced often, say, once a month, it would mean that this form of cycling filter would have less likelihood of being clogged.
  • the embodiment is provided with a guide to ensure that the filter material is held taut against the aperture.
  • FIG. 6B shows another variation, in which the sheet-like filter material 450 B is formed like camera roll-film which rolls from one spool to the next, eventually coming off the first spool 710 A, at which point the air would pass unfiltered into the housing 10 , 11 .
  • the advantage of this variation is that the filter is unlikely to be clogged to the degree that would lead to damage and overheating of the fan-motor 430 .
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B have been drawn briefly, only to show details of embodiments of a filter-replacement mechanism, and for the sake of simplicity, other internal details of the dryer, such as the fan-casing etc., have been omitted from FIGS. 6A and 6B .
  • the internal main filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C of FIGS. 1B and 3 can only be replaced by opening up the housing to reveal the inner components within the housing.
  • the step of opening up the body or housing of a hand dryer, by a user untrained as an electrician, can increase the risk of the user being electrocuted.
  • the dryer 1 has an electric control circuit which supplies electrical power to the dryer 1 .
  • the electrical control circuit is provided with a cut-off mechanism that disables the supply of electrical power when the housing is opened so as to minimise risk of the user being electrocuted when opening the housing.
  • the cut-off mechanism is in the form of a resiliently-mounted switch 501 which enables the supply of electrical power only when depressed.
  • FIG. 2A shows the embodiment of present embodiment with its hood 10 in a closed state
  • FIG. 2B shows the same with the hood 10 in an open state.
  • the user is able to access the internal components, and particularly is able to change the internal main filter 410 B.
  • the interior of the hood 10 is provided with cut-off-mechanism-activator or an actuator in the form of an upstanding post 502 . From comparing FIG. 2A with FIG. 2B , it is evident that, when the hood is closed, the switch 501 is depressed by the tip of the post 502 . Whereas, then the hood is opened, the tip of the post 502 lifts off the switch 501 , thereby disabling the supply of electrical power to the dryer 1 .
  • the switch 501 is located and mounted on the baseplate 11 .
  • the hood 10 of the housing is removably attachable to the baseplate 11 .
  • the post 502 is mounted on an interior surface of the hood.
  • the depressor (post) may be mounted on the baseplate, while the switch may be mounted on an interior surface of the hood.
  • the feature of the cut-off mechanism contributes, at least in part, to achieving the goal of a sterilising hand-drying apparatus that emits a stream of heated air that is preferably 100% bacteria-free. This is because it allows for an internal filter 410 B that can be replaced by a user, without risk of electrocution when exposed to the internal components. Hence, it provides a safer environment where a series of filters can be housed in the dryer.
  • the base-plate 11 is fastened to a wall, for example.
  • the dryer 1 can be installed onto the wall by attaching the housing 10 to the base-plate 11 . This means that, in practice, if the dryer 1 is defective, the user can disconnect the hood 10 from the base-plate 11 , and connect a defect-free replacement hood 10 .
  • the electrical cut-off switch 501 means that there is an increased level of safety when the user opens up the hood 10 , and either installs or removes the hood and its included assembly of components.
  • the cut-off switch 501 ensures that the apparatus 1 cannot become electrically live until the hood is closed.
  • a commercial benefit of this feature is that the dryer 1 can therefore be maintained by those who are not qualified electricians. Generally there may be cost savings on the maintenance of these drying apparatus, and there may also be substantial savings when the apparatus is used in countries where the absence of live electricity in the opened-dryer would avoid the requirement of a qualified electrician to install the unit.
  • the baseplate in construction of large buildings, such as hotels or hospitals, it is possible for the baseplate to be installed initially by an electrician to connect the wiring to the mains power, and then for another person to later on attach the hood 10 with its attached components e.g. 400 , 430 .
  • Another advantage of the ability to separate the assembly of the hood 10 from the base plate 11 is that, rather then a repair technician having to repair the dryer 1 on location, the user can simply detach the hood assembly 10 , with its components, and replace it with a new hood. Then, the defective hood can be taken away for repair. This means the repairman need not spend excessive time at the location where the dryer is installed. Also, the user experiences less down-time, and the user may replace the hood with its components without assistance.
  • the dryer 1 is connected to an external source of electricity by a terminal block 500 .
  • the terminal block facilitates connection of the electric control circuit of the dryer 1 to the external mains power supply.
  • the electrical control circuit of the dryer 1 has a plug 503 that is able to plug into the terminal block 500 in order to connect to the mains power source.
  • the dryer 1 is provided with a sensor-means, in the form of a detector-sensor 600 .
  • the detector-sensor 600 detects the presence of hands in the vicinity of the projecting end-opening 14 on the front of the hood 10 .
  • the detector-sensor 600 activates the rotating fan 401 and the heating element 300 .
  • the dryer 1 automatically activates and starts drying the user's hands.
  • the detector-sensor 600 includes an infra-red sensor.
  • the dryer of FIG. 1 has the capacity to remove bacteria particles from the air that is sucked into the housing 10 , 11 , and to expel it with all or substantially all of the bacteria particles removed.
  • the fan 401 were to be activated periodically, such a modified embodiments of the dryer 1 can function as atmospheric bacteria-removal apparatus.
  • the dryer 1 of the present embodiment were to be activated every 30 minutes, or hour, or some other appropriate interval, the air in the public toilet, for instance, can be regularly purified of a substantial portion of its airborne bacteria.
  • the modified apparatus 1 is provided with a timer-control-circuit to regularly auto-activate the fan 401 for a predetermined period of time.
  • periodic automatic activation of the apparatus 1 effectively sterilises part of the ambient atmosphere surrounding the hand-drying apparatus.
  • the timer-control-circuit may activate for 3 minutes every half hour.
  • the detector-sensor 600 can also detect the absence of hands.
  • the detector-sensor 600 When the detector-sensor 600 detects that there is no presence of hands in the vicinity of the end-opening 14 , it is able to auto-activate the dryer 1 to operate in the air-purifying mode with heating the air flow.
  • the timer-control-circuit can activate the apparatus 1 at regular intervals or intermittently to sterilise the ambient atmosphere surrounding the apparatus 1 .
  • This feature that enables the hand dryer to have the added function of sterilising the ambient air is useful particularly in seasons during the year when there are a greater occurrence of airborne diseases. For instance, it is particularly useful during influenza season.
  • This feature also enables the dryer to act as an air-freshener, when a scented material is also held by the filter holder.
  • a pad of fragrance or perfumed substance can be included between the filter holders 410 A, 410 C, 520 A, 520 C.
  • the ambient air of a washroom or public toilet environment can be automatically and periodically infused at regular intervals with a fragrance.
  • the heating-element 300 When using the apparatus 1 as a means of sanitising the ambient environment air and/or adding fragrance to the ambient air, it is preferred that the heating-element 300 not be activated, otherwise for example the temperature of the washroom could increase unnecessarily or to the point of discomfort for the users.
  • the heating-element 300 is can still activated during this automatic activation by the timer control circuit. It is found that having the heater operating during this automatic cycle does not excessively heat up the ambient air.
  • some embodiments of the invention can function as a combined air-fragrancer, sterilised hand dryer, and ambient air sanitiser.
  • the timer-control-circuit is provided with light-sensor-means 504 , and can optionally be constrained such that the timer-control-circuit only auto-activates the apparatus, for the purposes of ambient air sanitising and/or fragrancing, only when the light-sensor-means indicates that there is ambient light. In other words, this function will not auto-activate, for example, when the washroom or toilet is in total darkness. This could apply to a case where a washroom is only used during the daytime, and there is no need for the apparatus to be operating continually through the night.
  • the components of the fan casing 400 and the fan motor may be fastened to the base plate 11 , rather than inside the hood 10 .
  • the air stream 200 C can be emitted into a drying chamber, rather than directly to the ambient environment surrounding the dryer 1 .
  • the shape of the post 502 and the cut-off mechanism can be varied to achieve the similar function.
  • the cut-off mechanism could be incorporated at the hinge 12 .
  • the embodiment is not limited to a particular appearance of cut-off mechanism, as long as the cut-off occurs when the hood is opened up.
  • the number of filters can be varied, particularly depending on the power of the motor being used.
  • the style of motor or fan can be varied.
  • the filter arrangement of the present invention can also be used in other apparatus that draws in and expels an airflow, apart from warm air hand dryers.
  • Such other apparatus include, but are not limited to: hair dryers, vacuum cleaners, fans, air conditioners, refrigerators, clothing tumble dryers.
  • FIG. 10A shows an embodiment of a filter arrangement used in a hair dryer 2 .
  • the airflow through the hair dryer 2 is represented by an arrow 200 A, 200 C.
  • Ambient air enters the hair dryer 2 (the arrow 200 A), and is warmed, and then leaves the dryer (arrow 200 C).
  • the intention, with the hair dryer 2 , is the same as for the hand dryer 1 , namely that the stream of hot air 200 C emanating from the dryer should be free of bacteria.
  • the principles of arranging the filter arrangement in the hair dryer 2 are somewhat similar to that of the hand dryer 1 in terms of the sequence of filters in relation to the airflow, however, the sequence of attachment to the base element is reversed.
  • FIGS. 10A shows an exploded view of the main filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C, 410 D, 410 E.
  • FIG. 10A shows the main filter assembly in relation to where it fits into the main entrance 405 of the casing 400 of the hair dryer. (Similar reference numerals are used as for earlier embodiments merely to assist the reader to understand the embodiment).
  • the filter assembly includes a base element 410 A that fits directly into the main entrance or main aperture 405 of the hair dryer.
  • the base element 410 A is provided with several resilient claws 408 that enable the base element to engage and lock with the main aperture 405 .
  • the bacteria entrapment filter 410 B does not connect directly with the base element 410 A. Instead, the entrapment filter 410 B must be the first in sequence to receive the incoming airflow 200 A.
  • the sequence of the filters is always described with respect to the direction of the airflow 200 A, 200 C.
  • a filter holder 410 C is used to carry a bacteria entrapment filter material 410 B. This is the first filter that the airflow 200 A encounters as it enters the hair dryer 2 .
  • This entrapment filter 410 B is coated with the anti-bacterial sticky coating, and performs as described above.
  • the airflow encounters another filter holder 410 E that is used to carry the charcoal-infused filter 410 D.
  • This charcoal filter 410 D intercepts and removes from the airflow 200 A any traces of the bacteria-killing material.
  • the filter holder 410 E for the charcoal filter, is the one that engages with the base element 410 A.
  • the base element 410 A engages with the rear end of the hair dryer 2 .
  • the airflow which enters the main entrance 405 of the hair dryer 2 is able to be 100% free of bacteria, and thus the warm airflow that is expelled onto the user's hair is also 100% bacteria free and, just as importantly, free of the toxic bacteria-killing substance.
  • a third filter can be added in sequence to add a substance-effusing filter, in similar manner as described above.
  • a fragrance can be added to the airflow which can add a scent to the hair that is being dried.
  • the fragrance filter would be positioned just between the base element 410 A and the charcoal filter holder 410 E. In other words, the fragrance filter would be the last filter in sequence.
  • FIG. 10C shows another modification of the embodiment of FIG. 10A , having a four-filter arrangement similar to that shown in FIG. 8C .
  • the filter arrangement 410 A to 410 E can be housed inside the casing of the hair dryer 2 so as to be inconspicuous to the user.
  • the internal stack of filters also has the bacteria-impermeable barrier, which confers benefits that have been described in relation to the internal construction of the hand dryer 1 .
  • FIG. 11A shows an embodiment of a filter arrangement used in a vacuum cleaner 3 .
  • the airflow through the vacuum cleaner 3 is represented by an arrow 200 A, 200 C.
  • Ambient air enters the vacuum cleaner 3 (the arrow 200 A), is filtered for dust and large particulate, and then leaves the vacuum cleaner (arrow 200 C). It still, however, contains bacteria, and hence the filter arrangement is used to remove the bacteria and germs.
  • FIG. 11A shows an exploded view of the main filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C, 410 D, 410 E.
  • FIG. 11A shows the main filter assembly in relation to where it fits into the main outlet 405 of the rear of the casing 400 of the vacuum cleaner. (Similar reference numerals are used as for earlier embodiments merely to assist the reader to understand the embodiment).
  • the filter assembly includes a base element 410 A that fits directly into the main entrance or main outlet-aperture 405 at the rear of the vacuum cleaner.
  • the base element 410 A is provided with several resilient claws 408 that enable the base element to engage and lock with the main outlet-aperture 405 .
  • the entrapment filter 410 B is the first in sequence to contact the outgoing airflow 200 C.
  • the sequence of the filters is always described with respect to the direction of the airflow 200 A, 200 C.
  • the filter assembly includes a base element 410 A that fits directly into the main entrance or main outlet-aperture 405 at the rear of the vacuum cleaner.
  • the base element 410 A is provided with several resilient claws 408 that enable the base element to engage and lock with the main outlet-aperture 405 .
  • the airflow 200 C emanating from the vacuum cleaner, first encounters a bacteria entrapment filter 410 B.
  • the bacteria entrapment filter 410 B is supported and housed by a filter holder 410 C which engages with the base element 410 .
  • This entrapment filter 410 B is coated with the anti-bacterial sticky coating, and performs as described above.
  • the base element 410 A and the filter holder 410 C are provided with corresponding bayonet mounting parts, to enable these parts to fit with a bayonet-style engagement.
  • other forms of engagements mechanisms can be used, such as inter-fitting pins or press fit mounting.
  • the airflow encounters the charcoal-infused filter 410 D which is carried or housed by another filter holder 410 E.
  • This charcoal filter 410 D intercepts and removes from the airflow 200 A any traces of the bacteria-killing material.
  • the airflow leaving the main outlet 405 of the vacuum cleaner 3 is able to be 100% free of bacteria and, just as importantly, free of the toxic bacteria-killing substance. Thus it does not contribute to the bacterial contamination of the ambient atmosphere.
  • the filter arrangement 410 A to 410 E can be housed inside the casing of the vacuum cleaner 3 so as to be inconspicuous to the user.
  • the internal stack of filters also has the bacteria-impermeable barrier, which confers benefits that have been described in relation to the internal construction of the hand dryer 1 .
  • the air that comes out of ordinary vacuum cleaner contain germs that are sucked off the floor.
  • the above filter arrangement helps to remove the bacteria from the emanating airflow from the vacuum cleaner.
  • FIG. 11B shows another modification of the embodiment of FIG. 11A , having a four-filter arrangement similar to that shown in FIG. 8C .
  • FIG. 12A shows a front view of a fan 4 that uses an embodiment of a filter arrangement.
  • FIG. 12B shows a side view of the fan.
  • the airflow through the fan 4 is represented by arrows 200 A, 200 C.
  • Ambient air enters the rear of the fan 4 through the rear half-dome cage 4 B-R, and is expelled by the fan through the front half-dome cage 4 B-F (arrow 200 C).
  • FIG. 12C shows an exploded side view of the main filter assembly 410 A, 410 B, 410 C, 410 D, 410 E, 410 F, 410 G. (Similar reference numerals are used as for earlier embodiments merely to assist the reader to understand the embodiment).
  • a filter arrangement which is formed as a stack of nested half-dome-like filter holders 410 C, 410 E, 410 G. Each of these filter holders carries within its dome a fibrous filter of the like described above in relation to the filters used in the hand dryer 1 .
  • the function of the filter arrangement is the cause the airflow 200 C, emanating from the fan, to contain substantially less bacteria than the airflow 200 A which enters the fan.
  • FIG. 12B shows a side view of the main filter assembly with all the filter holders 410 C, 410 E, 410 G attached to each other in sequence.
  • the filter holders 410 C, 410 E, 410 G are more clearly seen in the exploded view of FIG. 12C .
  • the filter holders are provided with attachment means that enables them to be attached to the back of the rear dome-like cage 4 B-R.
  • the actual attachment means is not illustrated here, and can be implemented in numerous forms.
  • a first filter holder 410 C which contains, held on its inner curved surface, a bacteria entrapment filter material 410 B, of the kind and function described above in relation to the hand dryer 1 .
  • the airflow 200 A encounters a second filter holder 410 E which contains, held on its inner curved surface, a charcoal-particle infused filter 410 D, of the kind and function described above in relation to the hand dryer 1 .
  • the airflow 200 A encounters a third filter holder 410 F which contains, held on its inner curved surface, an effusing filter 410 F which effuses an emittable-substance, from the fibres of the filter 410 F, into the airflow, of the kind and function described above in relation to the hand dryer 1 .
  • the airflow which enters the expelled from the fan is able to have substantially less bacteria than the level of the ambient air, and, just as importantly, is free of the toxic bacteria-killing substance that is used to kill the bacteria in the entrapment filter 410 B.
  • the filter arrangement 410 A to 410 G can be housed inside a casing for the fan 4 so as to be inconspicuous to the user.
  • the filter holders 410 C, 410 E, 410 G are formed as semi-circular dome-like cages that have a slit along a radius of the dome that can be spread apart temporarily to enable the filter holders to fit over the supporting stand or frame 4 C of the fan.
  • the filter holders each also have a centrally located hole to accommodate the frame 4 C of the frame.
  • the actual configuration of the fan is not part of the invention, since embodiments of the filter arrangements, of the present invention, can be adapted for use with a wide variety of fans.
  • FIGS. 12D and 12E show a further embodiment of a filter arrangement used with a fan, having a four-filter arrangement that has a similar function to that of the embodiment in FIG. 8C .
  • Embodiments of the filter arrangement can also be incorporated in air conditioners and garment or clothes dryers.
  • the filter arrangement is on the air inlet to ensure that the clothes are not subjected to bacteria-laden air
  • the filtering occurs as the airflow enters the device.
  • the filtering occurs as the air flow leaves the device.
  • Embodiments of the filter arrangement can also incorporated in refrigerators to ensure that the air that enters the interior of the refrigerator is free of bacteria.
  • FIG. 13 shows a simple schematic diagram of a clothes dryer 5 .
  • the actual mechanics of the machine are known to a skilled address in the field of clothes dryers, and are not described in detail here.
  • the clothes dryer 5 contains an enclosure SA within the machine that receives hot air to dry the clothes.
  • An airflow 200 A enters the machine, and passes first through a bacteria entrapment filter 410 B, of the kind and function described above in relation to the hand dryer 1 .
  • the airflow 200 A passes through a charcoal-particle infused filter 410 D, of the kind and function described above in relation to the hand dryer 1 .
  • the airflow which enters the enclosure 5 A is able to have substantially less bacteria than the level of the ambient air, and, just as importantly, is free of the toxic bacteria-killing substance that is used to kill the bacteria in the entrapment filter 410 B.
  • Three and four filter arrangements can also be used in these embodiments used in clothes dryers.
  • FIG. 14 shows a simple schematic diagram of a refrigerator 6 .
  • the actual mechanics of the refrigerator are known to a skilled address in the field of refrigeration manufacture, and are not described in detail here.
  • the refrigerator 6 contains an enclosure 6 A which receives chilled refrigerated air.
  • An airflow 200 A enters the machine, and passes first through a bacteria entrapment filter 410 B, of the kind and function described above in relation to the hand dryer 1 .
  • the airflow 200 A passes through a charcoal-particle infused filter 410 D, of the kind and function described above in relation to the hand dryer 1 .
  • the airflow which enters the enclosure 6 A is able to have substantially less bacteria than the level of the ambient air, and, just as importantly, is free of the toxic bacteria-killing substance that is used to kill the bacteria in the entrapment filter 410 B.
  • Three and four filter arrangements can also be used in these embodiments used in refrigerators.
  • the airflow is able to be intermittent. In other words, there can be lengthy periods of time where there is no operational airflow generated through the apparatus.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8C and also FIGS. 10B , 10 C, 11 B, 12 C, 12 D, and the like.
  • the active substance could be a fragrance, perfume, or even a mild non-toxic anti-bacteria substance.
  • the active substance is capable of becoming airborne at least for a useful period of time.
  • the active substance can evaporate into a vapour, or effuse into the air as a mist.
  • the active substance is able to be combined with a release agent that restrains the active substance from becoming airborne at normal room temperature and pressure, however, upon exposure of the composition to the airflow, the release agent will release the active ingredient into the air stream.
  • An advantage of using the active substance, in combination with such a release agent, is that it avoids or minimises passive effusion of the active substance into the atmosphere when there is no airflow operating through the apparatus.
  • the active substance, found on the filter can potentially last longer, compared to a case where the active substance were to be continually and gradually effusing into the air, even when there is no operational airflow.
  • the active substance may be any substance or combination of substances that may usefully be made airborne for the purposes of the invention.
  • the active substance may be a fragrance, deodorant or biocide.
  • the biocide may be a bactericide or insecticide.
  • the active agent is a biocide such as n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium saccharinate, quaternary ammonium salts (such as chlorides), Triclosan, o-benzyl chlorophenol, 2-phenylphenol and/or N-alkyl N-Ethyl morpholinium sulphates.
  • the active substance is volatile within the normal range of ambient temperatures and pressures, but this is not essential to the invention as long as the active substance is able to remain airborne for sufficient time to have its useful effect.
  • the active substance may be dissolved or suspended in a carrier.
  • the carrier may be formulated to enhance the volatisation of the active substance, once released into the surrounds.
  • the carrier may be formulated to physically and/or chemically stabilise the active substance against deterioration over time.
  • the carrier may include a UV stabiliser to reduce deterioration of the active substance where the active substance may be exposed to sunlight during transport or storage.
  • the carrier may be a solvent that is volatile at room temperature, preferably non-toxic to mammals, such as water, linseed oil, suitable organic solvents, alcohol or a mixture thereof. Solvent mixtures may be advantageously used, for example, where the active substance comprises two or substances having different solubilisation or dissolution properties.
  • the release agent will encapsulate the active substance and/or the carrier.
  • the release agent includes any substance or combination of substances that:
  • (1) is/are adapted to contain or retard the active substance against becoming airborne such as by volatisation;
  • the release agent will therefore vary in formulation and/or preparation according to the properties of the active substance used in a particular application.
  • the release agent will therefore be compatible with the active substance and different formulations of release agent will be applicable depending on the active substance.
  • the active substance may be impregnated, embedded or encapsulated in, or physically or chemically bonded to the active substance.
  • the active agent includes a volatile biocide microencapsulated in the release agent.
  • the active substance is a fragrance.
  • the release agent may be a solvent, gel, paste or slurry with low or virtually no volatibility at room temperature and pressure, the solvent, paste or gel able to be volatised only by the application of air flow and/or warmed air.
  • the active substance may be stably impregnated, dissolved or mixed in the release agent at room temperature and pressure, the active substance at least substantially retarded against volatisation and preferably trapped in the release agent.
  • the release agent may become volatile and/or unstable to release the active substance to the passing air stream.
  • the release agent includes a solvent
  • this may be viscous and non-volatile at room temperature and pressure.
  • suitable solvents include vegetable oils with suitably heavy fractions such as cooking oils, lanolin, and fatty acids such as stearic acid.
  • this may be a polymeric material.
  • the polymeric material may be a homopolymer or copolymer.
  • the polymeric material may be cross linked.
  • the release agent is in the form of small capsules or microcapsules.
  • the microcapsules typically have a diameter smaller than 500 ⁇ m, and preferably are in the range 5-200 ⁇ m.
  • a particularly preferred type of capsule is a wall or shell type capsule which has a generally spherical, hollow shell of material insoluble to the active substance.
  • the material is normally a plastic material.
  • the plastic material may be a polymer or copolymer, optionally crosslinked and optionally including suitable additives known in the art to achieve desired properties.
  • the plastic material may be a resin.
  • the plastic material may be an amino resin such as the condensation products of urea and of melamine with formaldehyde.
  • Such shell capsules including in situ polycondensation used to produce aminoplast resin capsules from urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde polymers.
  • the process may involve forming a dispersion or emulsion of the active substance, for example in an aqueous solution of urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde precondensate under agitative conditions to obtain capsules in a preselected size range. Conditions can be adjusted to cause condensation of the precondensate by acid catalysis resulting in the condensate separating from solution and surrounding the dispersed active substance to produce microcapsules.
  • microcapsules show excellent active substance retention over long periods because the capsule prevents evaporation or other loss of the active substance until the integrity of the capsule walls is disrupted to release active substance or the walls are otherwise ruptured.
  • the present invention is concerned with microcapsules having good storage stability properties in static air, but having polymer walls adapted to lose sufficient structural integrity on exposure to rapidly flowing air.
  • microencapsules are optionally formed by a coacervation process in which a carrier in the form of an oil reservoir is surrounded by a very thin polymeric membrane which is generally mechanically very unstable, but hydrophobic and resistant to humid conditions such as may be found in a public rest room. This property is exploited in use in the active substance delivery application, wherein the delivery is initiated by mechanical force, such as by the application of a stream of air to disturb the integrity of the polymeric membrane and to release the active substance.
  • release agent includes a paste or slurry
  • this may include a synthetic or natural adhesive such as gum Arabic or a synthetic polymer adhesive to act as a binding agent.
  • the release agent may be a micro porous encapsulation product.
  • the release agent may be a melamine polymer shell.
  • the melamine polymer shell is preferably comprised of microencapsulates adapted to retain the active agent.
  • the polymer shell may be impervious and therefore effective to contain a volatile active agent, such as a fragrance or biocide.
  • the microencapsulates may contain both fragrances and biocides.
  • the fragrances may be chemically unreactive and therefore storable in the same microcapsule without deterioration.
  • some of the microencapsulates may contain fragrance, and others, biocide.
  • the mixture of microencapsulates may be stored in the same device, such as a filter cartridge.
  • the microcapsules may vary dimensionally, such as in the range 3-500 ⁇ m, preferably 3-200 ⁇ m and still more preferably 5-100 ⁇ m.
  • the release agent may be suitably formulated for bonding or otherwise adhering to a substrate.
  • the substrate may be a porous panel such as wire or plastic mesh.
  • the panel may be of sufficient gauge to permit the flow of air there through.
  • the release agent may be sufficiently tacky or sticky to adhere to the surface of the panel and to itself.
  • the substrate may be a filter medium.
  • the filter medium may be filter fibres.
  • the filter media may be natural or synthetic material, depending on the application and the filtration properties required.
  • the filter media may include cellulosic based fibre, such as cotton weave, or a synthetic material, such as polyester, or a combination thereof.
  • the substrate may be additionally impregnated or coated with other useful substances such as carbon to act as a deodoriser and/or absorbent.
  • the release agent and active substance may together be applied as a mass, optionally layered, to the substrate by spraying, brushing or rolling on.
  • the surface layer of the composition is depleted, thereby exposing previously unexposed surface to the surrounding environment.
  • the composition mass may advantageously present new surface material through multiple applications of flowing air over time.
  • the active substance is contained in the release agent in the form of polymer microcapsules.
  • the microencapsulates may be sprayed or otherwise applied onto the substrate surface, such as a filter, for installation in a cartridge.
  • the microcapsules may be applied by spraying an emulsion onto the substrate.
  • a suitable microencapsulate system may be obtained from Reed Pacific Pty Ltd under the product name “Potenza”, optionally with suitable additives to provide the air-flow release capability.
  • the composition may be presented in the form of an enclosed cartridge for the preservation of the composition and easily substitution for spent, like components.
  • the cartridge may include a sealed container in which is housed the composition for storage.
  • the cartridge is preferably vacuum sealed once the composition is delivered to the cartridge.
  • the cartridge may be made from any suitable material resistant to the composition components. Suitable materials may include APET, PETG, polypropylene and polyacrylonitrile for their clarity, thermoformability and general chemical resistance. Other materials having less clarity may include polyethylene, and nylon. Other materials may be selected for their strength and chemical resistance, such as aluminium or stainless steel. Of course, the skilled person will select a suitable material or combination of materials according to the composition formulation.
  • the container may include a seal.
  • the seal may be activated to expose the contents of the cartridge to the surrounding environment.
  • the seal may be deflectable, removable or penetrable.
  • the seal may be adapted to be activated when the cartridge is placed in active use to expose its contents.
  • the seal may be a membrane or film.
  • the membrane or film may be made from metal foil or soft plastic such as polyethylene.
  • the composition may be applied to the substrate in the form of panels arranged in parallel or in series, depending on the application, with respect to the anticipated direction of air flow in use.
  • the substrate may be in the form of columns, nodules or amorphous fibre, whereby new surface of the composition is exposed to the surrounding air as the previous composition surface is progressively depleted.
  • a lemon-scented fragrance was encapsulated in micro melamine polymer shells ranging between 5-100 ⁇ m in size.
  • the polymer shells were impervious to the encapsulated fragrance to preserve the fragrance until the release trigger was activated. (However, the polymer shells are sufficiently thin whereby their structural integrity is easily disrupted by mechanical agitation; such as by the application of a blast of moving air over the surface of the polymer shells.)
  • the microencapsulates were sprayed onto a filter cartridge and the cartridge was vacuum sealed. The cartridge was then opened and installed in a washroom hand dryer. When the hand dryer was on, a passage of warm air (about 50° C.) passed through the cartridge.
  • Suitable encapsulate product may be purchased from Canpoint International Pty Limited of Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. Independent testing by a UK laboratory showed that the application of the composition to the filter medium resulted in at least a 79% reduction in the total number of live airborne fungal spores in air having passed through the air dryer containing an active cartridge.
  • a suitable composition formulation in the form of a stable perfumed gel is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,419,879 to Vlahakis et al.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,419,879 describes the manufacture of a perfumed stable gel comprised of a combination of chemical components.
  • the perfumed stable gel has a melting point temperature range of from about 125 DEG F. to about 150 DEG F.
  • the preferred melting point temperature of the gel is about 140 DEG F.
  • the perfumed stable gel has a perfume content of from about 70.0% to about 85.0% by weight of the composition.
  • the preferred perfume content is about 75.0% to about 80.0% by weight of the composition.
  • the more preferred perfume content is about 75.0% by weight of the composition.
  • the stable nature of the perfumed gel of this prior art disclosure means that the gel can be maintained as a solid, homogeneous, uniform mixture.
  • the perfumed stable gel will not liquefy or form a slurry, but will remain as a solid, under the above temperature conditions and having the above perfume content.
  • Vlahakis' perfumed stable gel composition includes water in an amount of from about 2.0% to about 10.0% by weight of the composition.
  • the water is at its boiling point when initially mixed with an odourless glycol, and preferably the water is in an amount of about 5.0% by weight of the composition.
  • the perfumed stable gel composition also includes a soap in an amount of from about 5.0% to about 15.0% by weight of the composition.
  • the preferred soap is sodium stearate having a carbon content in the range of C12-C20 and having a melting point of about 158 DEG F. or higher.
  • the soap is in an amount of about 7.5% by weight of the composition in the formulations for the cherry, jasmine, baby powder, and spice deodorant gels.
  • the soap is in an amount of about 9.0% by weight of the composition in the formulations for the green apple, lemon, bubble gum, spearmint, and gardenia deodorant gels. The increased amount of soap in these latter formulations increases the melting point and aids in solubilizing the perfumes.
  • Vlahakis' perfumed stable gel composition also includes a non-ionic surfactant to increase the melting point of the composition and aid in initially maintaining the composition product in solution and later stabilizing the composition product as a solid.
  • the non-ionic surfactant contains a sufficient amount of ethylene oxide to provide a melting point temperature in the range of from about 100 DEG F. to about 150 DEG F.
  • the non-ionic surfactant is preferably in an amount of from about 2.0% to about 15.0% by weight of the composition. More preferably, the non-ionic surfactant is in an amount of about 3.75% by weight of the composition.
  • the preferred non-ionic surfactants that are used include nonylphenols, polyethylene glycols, or a mixture thereof.
  • the nonylphenols may include Nonoxynol 100, with 100 mols of ethylene oxide in the product, Iconol NP-100, and nonylphenols of 80 mols up to 150 mols.
  • the polyethylene glycols may include polyethylene glycol 8000 and BASF's Pluracol line.
  • Other non-ionic surfactants that can be used include non-ionics similar to BASF's Tetronic and Tetronic R line. However, this latter group of non-ionic surfactants is generally more expensive to use than the former groups.
  • the perfumed stable gel composition also includes a preservative in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 0.3% by weight of the composition.
  • the preservative helps to inhibit the growth of mould or fungus on the surface of the perfumed stable gel.
  • the preferred preservative used in the present invention is Glydant (chemically known as DMDM Hydantoin (55% solution)(C7 H12 N2 O4)—Chemical Abstract No. is 6440-58-0).
  • the preservative is in an amount of about 0.25% by weight of the composition.
  • Vlahakis' perfumed stable gel composition may also include a perfume component. It has been found that an effective perfume content for Viahakis' composition is in an amount of from about 70.0% to about 85.0% by weight of the composition. For the purposes of the present invention, it is preferred that the amount of perfume be reduced to less than about 50% by weight of the composition to afford greater stability with the other components increased proportionally to make up the balance of the percentage weight of the composition.
  • the perfume agent enhances the odour characteristics of the product. Specific examples of suitable perfume agents include lemon, bubble gum, cherry, spearmint, green apple, baby powder, gardenia, jasmine, herbal, spice, and others.
  • the primary scents used are obtained from the fruity and floral scent groups. However, it is possible to produce any number of different scents depending on the type of scent desired.
  • Vlahakis' perfumed stable gel composition also includes an odourless glycol.
  • the amount of odourless glycol used in the chemical composition should be sufficient to aid in solubilizing the perfume component.
  • the addition of an odourless glycol aids in the stability of the evaporation rate of the composition and aids in increasing the melting point of the composition.
  • the amount of odourless glycol used is in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 12.0% by weight of the composition.
  • the preferred amount of odourless glycol is about 8.75% by weight of the composition.
  • the preferred odourless glycols used in the composition include propylene glycol, glycerol, hexylene glycol, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • Vlahakis' perfumed stable gel composition may also include inert filler materials.
  • the amount of filler material used in the composition is from 0% to about 4.0% by weight of the composition. Preferably, the amount of filler material used is about 0.5% by weight of the composition.
  • the filler material may be selected from the group including diatomaceous earth, clay, dirt, silica and sand. The addition of these filler materials to the composition is optional. However, the filler material helps to control the evaporation rate of the perfume component.
  • Vlahakis' perfumed stable gel composition may also include ethanol or odourless mineral spirits.
  • the amount of ethanol or odourless mineral spirits used is from 0% to about 5.0% by weight of the composition.
  • the amount of ethanol or odourless mineral spirits used is about 3.0% by weight of the composition.
  • the ethanol and odourless mineral spirits aid in solubilizing some of the perfumes and in lowering the costs of manufacturing some of the more expensive perfumes (i.e., green apple) without affecting the performance of the gels.
  • the mineral spirits are comprised of aliphatic hydrocarbons.
  • the manufacture of Vlahakis' perfumed stable gel involves the mixing of: (1) an oil phase and (2) a water phase.
  • the oil phase includes the non-ionic surfactant and the desired perfume.
  • the non-ionic surfactant is heated to a temperature in the range of from about 120 DEG F. to about 150 DEG F. It is heated in a 55 gallon jacketed stainless steel mixing vessel. Heating bands surrounding the mixing vessel act to heat and liquefy the non-ionic surfactant.
  • the non-ionic surfactant is heated in this manner for about 24 to 48 hours, depending on the size of the batch and the heating temperatures used.
  • the non-ionic surfactant After the non-ionic surfactant has been sufficiently heated and liquefied, it is transferred to a smaller open-top 55 gallon jacketed stainless steel mixing vessel.
  • This mixing vessel also has heating bands surrounding it which act to heat the non-ionic surfactant and the perfume, which is added at this step in a pre-measured amount.
  • the two components are thoroughly mixed in the mixing vessel with an electric mixer that has an attached agitator working at approximately 750 rpm.
  • the perfume is mixed with the non-ionic surfactant for approximately 10 minutes at a temperature in the range of about 120 DEG F. to about 150 DEG F.
  • the second phase involved in forming the perfumed stable gel is the water phase.
  • a pre-measured amount of the odourless glycol is added to boiling hot water.
  • the glycol and water are mixed together in an open-top 55 gallon jacketed stainless steel mixing vessel.
  • the two components are thoroughly mixed in the mixing vessel with an electric mixer that has an attached agitator working at approximately 750 rpm.
  • the odourless glycol is mixed into the hot water for approximately 5 minutes at a temperature of about 158 DEG F.
  • the soap is added in a pre-measured amount to the glycol/water mixture.
  • the soap is thoroughly mixed into the glycol/water mixture in the mixing vessel until the soap is dissolved and there are no clumps remaining.
  • the soap is mixed with the odourless glycol and water for approximately 15 minutes to 30 minutes at a temperature of about 158 DEG F.
  • the mixture of the water, the odourless glycol, and soap i.e., the water phase
  • the non-ionic surfactant and perfume i.e., the oil phase. All of these components are thoroughly blended at a temperature of over 140 DEG F. in the mixing vessel with an electric mixer that has an attached agitator working at approximately 750 rpm.
  • the preservative is added at this stage of the mixing. All of these components are then thoroughly mixed for approximately 15 minutes.
  • an optional filler material can be added to the mixture by spooning with a ladle a desired amount of the filler material into the mixture. The mixture is stirred thoroughly until the desired consistency is reached.
  • the composition is spooned with a ladle out of the mixing vessel and into the individual deodorant containers.
  • the containers holding the composition are cooled by placing the dispensers on a conveyer belt and blowing cold air upon those dispensers.
  • the cold air is passed through a tunnel fed by an air conditioning unit.
  • the gel composition solidifies in the dispenser assembly, thus securing the completed perfumed stable gel in the disposable deodorant container.
  • the amount of composition prepared at one time is limited to the amount that is to be filled in the dispensers on a particular day. Typically, this amount can vary between 200 pounds to 400 pounds per day.
  • Deodorant dimethylfumarate or diethylfumarate
  • Deodorant dimethylfumarate or diethylfumarate
  • Deodorant citral or several aldehydes which are free of aromatic nuclei
  • Deodorant phenylacetaldehyde and similar aldehydes containing at least one aromatic nucleus
  • Deodorant mixture of citral and dimethyl and/or diethyl fumarate in a weight ratio of 1:5 to 5:1;
  • composition is preferably prepared by:

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Air Filters, Heat-Exchange Apparatuses, And Housings Of Air-Conditioning Units (AREA)
US11/720,369 2004-11-30 2005-11-30 Sterilising Filter Arrangement Apparatus & Method Abandoned US20080253754A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2004233510A AU2004233510A1 (en) 2004-11-30 2004-11-30 Sterilising Hand Dryer And Method
AU2004233510 2004-11-30
AU2005905191 2005-09-20
AU2005905191A AU2005905191A0 (en) 2005-09-20 Improved sterilising filter arrangement, apparatus & method
PCT/AU2005/001803 WO2006058370A1 (en) 2004-11-30 2005-11-30 Improved sterilising filter arrangement, apparatus & method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080253754A1 true US20080253754A1 (en) 2008-10-16

Family

ID=36564672

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/720,369 Abandoned US20080253754A1 (en) 2004-11-30 2005-11-30 Sterilising Filter Arrangement Apparatus & Method

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20080253754A1 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1827650A4 (enExample)
JP (2) JP2008521520A (enExample)
AU (1) AU2005312333A1 (enExample)
SG (1) SG158095A1 (enExample)
TW (1) TW200626100A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2006058370A1 (enExample)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090106998A1 (en) * 2006-12-19 2009-04-30 Pauline Brown-Carter Hair Dryer and Vacuum Device
US7946055B2 (en) * 2005-07-30 2011-05-24 Dyson Technology Limited Dryer
US20110277634A1 (en) * 2010-05-13 2011-11-17 Daniel Moyal Hair straightening iron with toxic fumes filter
US20120011739A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2012-01-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Hand dryer apparatus
US8155508B2 (en) 2006-01-12 2012-04-10 Dyson Technology Limited Drying apparatus
US8341853B2 (en) 2005-07-30 2013-01-01 Dyson Technology Limited Drying apparatus
US8347522B2 (en) 2005-07-30 2013-01-08 Dyson Technology Limited Drying apparatus
US8347521B2 (en) 2005-07-30 2013-01-08 Dyson Technology Limited Drying apparatus
US8490291B2 (en) 2005-07-30 2013-07-23 Dyson Technology Limited Dryer
US20130232807A1 (en) * 2011-05-12 2013-09-12 Michael E. Robert Hand Dryer With Sanitizing Ionization Assembly
CN103562468A (zh) * 2011-03-31 2014-02-05 卓越烘干机公司 带有整体水槽和消毒手部烘干机的洗手间清洗工作台
US20140137422A1 (en) * 2012-11-21 2014-05-22 Dyson Technology Limited Hand dryer
US8950019B2 (en) 2007-09-20 2015-02-10 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Lavatory system
US8997271B2 (en) 2009-10-07 2015-04-07 Bradley Corporation Lavatory system with hand dryer
US20150125138A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2015-05-07 Pluristem Ltd. Method and device for thawing biological material
US9046304B2 (en) 2011-11-08 2015-06-02 Paula Gulak Air dryer
US9170148B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2015-10-27 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Soap dispenser having fluid level sensor
CN105298592A (zh) * 2015-11-18 2016-02-03 苏州韵蓝环保科技有限公司 一种汽车尾气处理装置
US9267736B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2016-02-23 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Hand dryer with point of ingress dependent air delay and filter sensor
US9758953B2 (en) 2012-03-21 2017-09-12 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Basin and hand drying system
US20170284681A1 (en) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-05 Patrick Maday Particulate material heater
US10041236B2 (en) 2016-06-08 2018-08-07 Bradley Corporation Multi-function fixture for a lavatory system
US10100501B2 (en) 2012-08-24 2018-10-16 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Multi-purpose hand washing station
USD860533S1 (en) * 2015-11-26 2019-09-17 JMW Co., Ltd. Air intake cap for hair dryer
US10548439B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2020-02-04 Excel Dryer, Inc. Sanitizing hand dryer
US10722083B2 (en) * 2017-10-03 2020-07-28 Thunderhill Investments, LLC Sanitary forced-air hand dryer
US11015329B2 (en) 2016-06-08 2021-05-25 Bradley Corporation Lavatory drain system
US20210290000A1 (en) * 2020-03-19 2021-09-23 Lg Electronics Inc. Drying apparatus and related methods
US11350799B2 (en) * 2020-09-25 2022-06-07 Shenzhen Antop Technology Co., Ltd Towel dryer
US11486624B2 (en) * 2019-08-20 2022-11-01 Rylans Enterprises Llc Systems and methods for cooling food products

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007062471A1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2007-06-07 Alpha Technologies Corporation Ltd Air treatment compositions and devices therefor
GB2451423B (en) * 2007-07-16 2010-07-21 Basic Holdings A Fan assisted appliance comprising a biocidal filter
EP2277424B1 (en) * 2008-04-23 2017-08-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Hand dryer
GB2461700A (en) * 2008-07-08 2010-01-13 Dyson Technology Ltd A filter for a hand dryer
WO2010119536A1 (ja) * 2009-04-15 2010-10-21 三菱電機株式会社 手乾燥装置
KR101416877B1 (ko) * 2011-12-29 2014-07-08 (주)진로발효 핸드 드라이어
KR101189809B1 (ko) 2012-01-30 2012-10-10 조이넥스(주) 진공감전 포충기
AU2013243218A1 (en) * 2012-04-02 2014-10-30 Air Sanz Holdings Pty Ltd Air purifying apparatus, method and system
EP3058859B1 (en) * 2013-02-13 2018-09-05 Ffuuss 2013, S. L. Hand-dryer
WO2014138821A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Air Sanz Holdings Pty Ltd Improved air purifying apparatus, method & use of chemical substance
JP7072373B2 (ja) * 2016-11-29 2022-05-20 三生医薬株式会社 フィルムコーティング用組成物および固形製剤
JP6836383B2 (ja) * 2016-12-14 2021-03-03 シャープ株式会社 送風装置
BR202017025414Y1 (pt) * 2017-11-27 2022-04-26 Mk Eletrodomésticos Mondial S.A. Disposição construtiva introduzida em ventilador com função volatizadora de substância repelente em pastilha
GB2568938B (en) * 2017-12-01 2020-12-30 Dyson Technology Ltd A filter assembly
ES2734948B2 (es) 2018-06-07 2020-05-08 Zobele Espana Sa Dispositivo de purificación de aire
JP7158295B2 (ja) * 2019-01-24 2022-10-21 三菱電機株式会社 手乾燥装置
GB2584410B (en) * 2019-05-16 2022-12-07 Dyson Technology Ltd A filter assembly
KR102850778B1 (ko) * 2020-08-31 2025-08-26 엘지전자 주식회사 필터조립체 및 필터조립체를 가진 건조장치
CN112155303A (zh) * 2020-10-28 2021-01-01 浙江月立电器有限公司 一种电吹风
US11318219B1 (en) * 2020-11-05 2022-05-03 Bloomy Lotus Limited Volcanic rock fluid diffuser
JP7514014B2 (ja) * 2020-12-11 2024-07-10 株式会社ジェッター 空気流中の小ゴミ除去方法及びその利用装置
CN113606688B (zh) * 2021-07-20 2022-09-16 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 除味器控制方法、除味器、存储介质和电子设备

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3637981A (en) * 1970-04-06 1972-01-25 Berns Air King Corp Electric space heater
US3892981A (en) * 1973-12-04 1975-07-01 Robertshaw Controls Co Electrical primary control system for furnaces
US3924085A (en) * 1974-03-18 1975-12-02 Gen Electric Safety-start device and circuit controller for domestic appliance
US5501844A (en) * 1994-06-01 1996-03-26 Oxidyn, Incorporated Air treating apparatus and method therefor
US5808276A (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-09-15 Padilla; Ted A. Device for unattended simultaneous heating and agitating of a bottle of infant formula
US20030131439A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2003-07-17 Wen Sheree H. Antiviral and antibacterial filtration module for a vacuum cleaner or other appliance
US20040093758A1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2004-05-20 Miller Rhona A. Portable (mini) clothes & hair dryer

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2634514A (en) * 1949-03-01 1953-04-14 Nat Dryer Mfg Corp Drier
US3621165A (en) * 1970-09-21 1971-11-16 Gen Electric Closure-operated safety switch for automatic appliance
JPS5389069A (en) * 1977-01-14 1978-08-05 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Clothes dryer
GB1602115A (en) * 1978-05-26 1981-11-04 Aroa B A Hot air driers
JPS5985694A (ja) * 1982-11-08 1984-05-17 松下電器産業株式会社 ドラム式衣類乾燥機
EP0392200B1 (de) * 1989-04-13 1994-08-24 Ellenberger & Poensgen GmbH Sicherheits-Türschloss für Türen von Elektrogeräten
JP2538991Y2 (ja) * 1991-10-09 1997-06-18 株式会社イナックス 全自動洗面器の安全装置
JP3715748B2 (ja) * 1997-07-09 2005-11-16 株式会社ダスキン 濾過シート
JP3886240B2 (ja) * 1998-03-05 2007-02-28 松下エコシステムズ株式会社 手乾燥装置
AU5060599A (en) * 1998-08-06 2000-02-28 Castlegate Trading Limited Control means for air emitting apparatus
AUPQ656300A0 (en) * 2000-03-29 2000-04-20 Novapharm Research (Australia) Pty Ltd Biostatic filter
JP3941337B2 (ja) * 2000-05-12 2007-07-04 オムロン株式会社 ドアスイッチ
FR2809994B1 (fr) * 2000-06-08 2004-11-12 Valeo Dispositif de filtration destine a equiper un appareil d'aeration et/ou de chauffage et/ou de climatisation, notamment pour vehicule automobile
JP2004154234A (ja) * 2002-11-05 2004-06-03 Dennetsu:Kk 手乾燥装置
JP2004337424A (ja) * 2003-05-16 2004-12-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 手乾燥装置

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3637981A (en) * 1970-04-06 1972-01-25 Berns Air King Corp Electric space heater
US3892981A (en) * 1973-12-04 1975-07-01 Robertshaw Controls Co Electrical primary control system for furnaces
US3924085A (en) * 1974-03-18 1975-12-02 Gen Electric Safety-start device and circuit controller for domestic appliance
US5501844A (en) * 1994-06-01 1996-03-26 Oxidyn, Incorporated Air treating apparatus and method therefor
US5808276A (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-09-15 Padilla; Ted A. Device for unattended simultaneous heating and agitating of a bottle of infant formula
US20030131439A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2003-07-17 Wen Sheree H. Antiviral and antibacterial filtration module for a vacuum cleaner or other appliance
US6776824B2 (en) * 2002-01-11 2004-08-17 Sheree H. Wen Antiviral and antibacterial filtration module for a vacuum cleaner or other appliance
US20040093758A1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2004-05-20 Miller Rhona A. Portable (mini) clothes & hair dryer

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8490291B2 (en) 2005-07-30 2013-07-23 Dyson Technology Limited Dryer
US8347522B2 (en) 2005-07-30 2013-01-08 Dyson Technology Limited Drying apparatus
US8347521B2 (en) 2005-07-30 2013-01-08 Dyson Technology Limited Drying apparatus
US7946055B2 (en) * 2005-07-30 2011-05-24 Dyson Technology Limited Dryer
US8341853B2 (en) 2005-07-30 2013-01-01 Dyson Technology Limited Drying apparatus
US8155508B2 (en) 2006-01-12 2012-04-10 Dyson Technology Limited Drying apparatus
US8028437B2 (en) * 2006-12-19 2011-10-04 Pauline Brown-Carter Hair dryer and vacuum device
US20090106998A1 (en) * 2006-12-19 2009-04-30 Pauline Brown-Carter Hair Dryer and Vacuum Device
US8950019B2 (en) 2007-09-20 2015-02-10 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Lavatory system
US20120011739A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2012-01-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Hand dryer apparatus
US9119509B2 (en) * 2009-03-27 2015-09-01 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Hand dryer apparatus
US8997271B2 (en) 2009-10-07 2015-04-07 Bradley Corporation Lavatory system with hand dryer
US20110277634A1 (en) * 2010-05-13 2011-11-17 Daniel Moyal Hair straightening iron with toxic fumes filter
CN103562468A (zh) * 2011-03-31 2014-02-05 卓越烘干机公司 带有整体水槽和消毒手部烘干机的洗手间清洗工作台
US10548439B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2020-02-04 Excel Dryer, Inc. Sanitizing hand dryer
US9170148B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2015-10-27 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Soap dispenser having fluid level sensor
US9267736B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2016-02-23 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Hand dryer with point of ingress dependent air delay and filter sensor
US9441885B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2016-09-13 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Lavatory with dual plenum hand dryer
US20130232807A1 (en) * 2011-05-12 2013-09-12 Michael E. Robert Hand Dryer With Sanitizing Ionization Assembly
US9421291B2 (en) * 2011-05-12 2016-08-23 Fifth Third Bank Hand dryer with sanitizing ionization assembly
US9046304B2 (en) 2011-11-08 2015-06-02 Paula Gulak Air dryer
US9758953B2 (en) 2012-03-21 2017-09-12 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Basin and hand drying system
US10100501B2 (en) 2012-08-24 2018-10-16 Bradley Fixtures Corporation Multi-purpose hand washing station
US20150125138A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2015-05-07 Pluristem Ltd. Method and device for thawing biological material
US10251389B2 (en) * 2012-10-31 2019-04-09 Pluristem Ltd. Method and device for thawing biological material
US10006711B2 (en) * 2012-11-21 2018-06-26 Dyson Technology Limited Hand dryer
US20140137422A1 (en) * 2012-11-21 2014-05-22 Dyson Technology Limited Hand dryer
USD906590S1 (en) * 2015-06-02 2020-12-29 JMW Co., Ltd. Air intake cap for hair dryer
CN105298592A (zh) * 2015-11-18 2016-02-03 苏州韵蓝环保科技有限公司 一种汽车尾气处理装置
USD860533S1 (en) * 2015-11-26 2019-09-17 JMW Co., Ltd. Air intake cap for hair dryer
US20170284681A1 (en) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-05 Patrick Maday Particulate material heater
US10041236B2 (en) 2016-06-08 2018-08-07 Bradley Corporation Multi-function fixture for a lavatory system
US11015329B2 (en) 2016-06-08 2021-05-25 Bradley Corporation Lavatory drain system
US10722083B2 (en) * 2017-10-03 2020-07-28 Thunderhill Investments, LLC Sanitary forced-air hand dryer
US11166605B2 (en) 2017-10-03 2021-11-09 Thunderhill Investments, LLC Sanitary forced-air hand dryer
US11486624B2 (en) * 2019-08-20 2022-11-01 Rylans Enterprises Llc Systems and methods for cooling food products
US20210290000A1 (en) * 2020-03-19 2021-09-23 Lg Electronics Inc. Drying apparatus and related methods
US12042101B2 (en) * 2020-03-19 2024-07-23 Lg Electronics Inc. Drying apparatus and related methods
US11350799B2 (en) * 2020-09-25 2022-06-07 Shenzhen Antop Technology Co., Ltd Towel dryer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW200626100A (en) 2006-08-01
AU2005312333A1 (en) 2006-06-08
WO2006058370A1 (en) 2006-06-08
JP2008521520A (ja) 2008-06-26
JP2011196682A (ja) 2011-10-06
EP1827650A4 (en) 2013-02-20
SG158095A1 (en) 2010-01-29
EP1827650A1 (en) 2007-09-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20080253754A1 (en) Sterilising Filter Arrangement Apparatus & Method
US11904076B2 (en) Air purifying apparatus, method and system
TW592632B (en) Fan type chemicals diffusing device
KR102455756B1 (ko) 휘발성 물질 디스펜서 그리고 휘발성 물질을 방출시키는 방법
US9415130B2 (en) Industrial, germicidal, diffuser apparatus and method
WO2007062471A1 (en) Air treatment compositions and devices therefor
CN101389395B (zh) 改进型杀菌过滤器结构、设备和方法
CA2376517A1 (en) Method for disinfecting the air
KR101001568B1 (ko) 고문서 등의 문화재 기록물의 살균장치
AU2011221409A1 (en) Improved sterilising filter arrangement, apparatus and method
JP4790310B2 (ja) 揮散性物質放散用容器を用いた揮散性物質の放散方法
JPH1192303A (ja) 薬剤保持用担体、薬剤保持材及び薬剤の揮散方法
EP1447103B1 (en) Method of disinfecting and scenting the air using essential oils
JP6041720B2 (ja) 衣料害虫の侵入阻害剤および摂食阻害剤
HK1129620A (en) Improved sterilising filter arrangement, apparatus & method
JP6971843B2 (ja) 送風機装着型害虫忌避シート及び害虫忌避剤の空間拡散方法
JP4314547B2 (ja) 蒸散装置
JP2005126393A (ja) 放香防虫製品
JP3100989U (ja) 電気掃除機用殺菌性芳香剤放散シート
JP2003169843A (ja) 薬剤揮散器具
JP5145576B2 (ja) 気流拡散装置
AU2021481015A1 (en) Nanofiltration device for deactivation of air-filtered pathogens on surface-treated filter material
SK9605Y1 (sk) Dezinfekčná zmes, spôsob dezinfekcie vzduchu a povrchov a použitie dezinfekčnej zmesi
HK1067868B (en) Method of disinfecting and scenting the air using essential oils
HK1140103B (en) Fan type chemicals diffusing apparatus

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ALPHA TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION LTD., AUSTRALIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:RUBIN, RICHARD;REEL/FRAME:021054/0149

Effective date: 20070628

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION