US20070271868A1

US20070271868A1 - System of brick with rod

Info

Publication number: US20070271868A1
Application number: US11/445,129
Authority: US
Inventors: Ricardo E. Abella
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-05-23
Filing date: 2006-06-01
Publication date: 2007-11-29
Also published as: GT200800260A; CN101506444B; CR10542A; JP2009537718A; CN101506444A; ECSP088995A; CO5820228A1; BRPI0621718A2; EP2029826A1; MX2008014962A; WO2007135478A1

Abstract

The invention of the present application provides a system of brick and rod for the construction of walls with high resistance to extreme gravitational, lateral, and cyclic forces. This system allows the construction of a wall made of bricks reinforced with a skeleton of rods. The brick of this system is a rectangular block with horizontal and vertical protuberances and cavities which permits horizontal and vertical interlocks with the adjacent bricks of the wall. The brick is also perforated by holes which are aligned with the holes of the vertically adjacent bricks of the wall, thus forming a continuous vertical hole that goes throughout the entire height of the wall. The rod of the system crosses the bricks through the continuous hole of the wall.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to the field of wall construction with bricks which interlock horizontally and vertically.
In the field of the present invention, walls have been described that are constructed with bricks having protuberances and cavities which interlock horizontally and vertically with the objective of reducing the use of adhesives or mortar. Bricks with protuberances and cavities which lock horizontally and vertically have also been described with the aim of constructing walls of high lateral resistance to uniform and cyclic forces of nature. However, a system of bricks and rods has not been described for the construction of walls in which the use of adhesive or mortar is reduced, that also results in walls with great lateral rigidity and great resistance to extreme gravitational, cyclic and uniform forces.
2. Description of Prior Art
In the prior art construction of walls have been described using bricks with protuberances and cavities that interlock horizontally and vertically resulting in walls in which the use of adhesive or mortar is reduced, and with high resistance to uniform and cyclic forces of nature.
Specifically, Nanayakkara describes in his patents, U.S. Pat. No. 6,550,208 B2 (Apr. 22, 2003), U.S. Pat. No. 6,105,330 (Aug. 22, 2000), y U.S. Pat. No. 6,578,338 B1 (Jun. 17, 2003), bricks or blocks with a system of horizontal and vertical interlocks, with reduction in the use of mortar, resulting in walls with high lateral resistance to natural uniform and cyclic forces. U.S. Pat. No. 6,550,208 B2 describes a brick having external positive and negative geometries that are complementary, and a continuous vertical cavity, resulting in horizontal and vertical interlocks between adjacent bricks for construction of walls which would have continuous vertical cavities.
However, neither in the prior art nor in the Nanayakkara's patents, there is a description of a brick or block like the one described in the system of brick with rod of the present invention. The brick or block described in Nanayakkara's patents has negative and positive external geometries which are different from the protuberances and cavities of the present invention's brick. Besides, there is no instance of the prior art, which describes a brick with perforations or holes specifically adapted to the diameter of a rod which function is to reinforce the interlocks that are formed by the protuberances and cavities of the horizontally and vertically adjacent bricks of a wall. The system of brick with rod of the present invention allows the construction of walls, as for example, retaining walls, or other kind of walls with great lateral rigidity and great resistance to extreme gravitational, cyclic and uniform forces. The system of brick and rod of the present invention also provides flexible interlocks between horizontally and vertically adjacent bricks for the construction of walls which are less susceptible to fractures in case of seismic movements or earthquakes.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a system of brick and rod, wherein said system is characterized by a rectangular tridimensional brick for the construction of walls, in which the brick is defined by the three Cartesian coordinates X, Y, Z, wherein the horizontal axis X defines the brick's length, the vertical axis Y defines the brick's height, the horizontal axis Z defines the brick's width, and a rod; wherein the brick is a solid block comprising:

- a. a superior horizontal surface and a inferior horizontal surface defined by the X and Z axis;
- b. a vertical anterior surface and a vertical posterior surface defined by the Z and Y axis;
- c. two vertical lateral surfaces defined by the X and Y axis;
- d. a symmetrical protuberance of rounded convex geometry that is originated in the middle of the brick's vertical anterior surface in direction of the X axis, wherein said protuberance interlocks precisely with an horizontally adjacent block with the cavity described in e.; and wherein the protuberance's base on the vertical anterior surface of the brick, defined in the same direction of the Z axis, is of shorter longitude than the maximum diameter of the convex geometry of the protuberance;
- e. a symmetrical cavity of concave geometry which is originated in the middle of the brick's vertical posterior surface in direction of the X axis, wherein said cavity interlocks precisely with a horizontally adjacent block with the protuberance described in d.; and wherein the longitude of the cavity's aperture on the brick's vertical posterior surface, defined in the same direction as the Z axis, is shorter than the maximum diameter of the cavity's concave geometry;
- f. two protuberances of cylindrical-concave geometry located symmetrically on the middle of the brick's superior horizontal surface in direction of the Y axis, wherein said protuberances interlock precisely with vertically adjacent blocks with the cavities described in g.; and wherein the diameter of each protuberance's base on the brick's superior horizontal surface is more than or equal to the diameter of the cylindrical part of the protuberance;
- g. two cavities of cylindrical-concave geometry located symmetrically on the middle of the brick's inferior horizontal surface in direction of the Y axis, wherein said cavities interlock precisely with vertically adjacent blocks with the protuberances described in f.; and wherein the diameter of each cavity's aperture on the brick's inferior horizontal surface is more than or equal to the diameter of the cylindrical part of the cavity;
- h. two vertical cylindrical holes which perforate entirely the brick, wherein said holes' longitude, in direction of the Y axis, is defined from the apex of the convex geometry of the protuberances described in f., to the apex of the concave geometry of the cavities described in g.; and wherein said holes and identical holes of vertically adjacent bricks in a wall are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of the wall, to form continuous vertical holes that go through the entire height of the wall;
- i. one vertical cylindrical hole which perforates entirely the brick, wherein the longitude of said hole, in direction of the Y axis, is defined from the brick's superior horizontal surface to the brick's inferior horizontal surface; and wherein said hole is located in parallel between the two holes describe in h.; and wherein said hole and the hole of equal diameter described in j. of the vertically adjacent bricks, are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of a wall, to form a continuous vertical hole that goes through the entire height of the wall; and wherein said holes have a diameter which fits the rod's diameter in such a way that the rod can be introduced through the continuous hole that goes throughout the height of the wall;
- j. a vertical cylindrical hole which perforates entirely, in direction of the Y axis, the protuberance described in d., wherein the hole's longitude is defined from the center of said protuberance's superior horizontal surface to the center of said protuberance's inferior horizontal surface; wherein this hole and the vertically adjacent brick's holes of equal diameter described in i., are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of a wall, to form a continuous vertical hole that goes throughout the height of the wall; and wherein said holes have a diameter that fits the rod's diameter in such a way that the rod can be introduced through the continuous hole that goes throughout the height of the wall;

wherein the rod's longitude is equal to or exceeds the longitude of the height of the wall; and wherein the rod is vertically introduced through the continuous vertical holes described in i. and j.;
and wherein resistant interlocks are created between the vertically and horizontally adjacent bricks to build a wall which allows the introduction of a skeleton constituted by a plurality of the rods, thus resulting in a structure with great lateral rigidity and great resistance to extreme uniform, cyclic and gravitational forces. The system of brick and rod of the present invention also provides flexible interlocks for the construction of walls resistant to seismic movements or earthquakes.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a brick which is characterized by a rounded, convex geometry, symmetrical protuberance that is originated on one of the brick's lateral surfaces, wherein said protuberance interlocks precisely with the cavity described in e. of a horizontally adjacent brick; and wherein the protuberance's base on the lateral surface, defined in the same direction of the X axis, if of less longitude than the maximum diameter of the protuberance's convex geometry.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a brick characterized by a rounded, convex geometry, symmetrical protuberance that is originated on one of the lateral vertical surfaces of the brick, wherein said protuberance interlocks precisely with the cavity described in e. of a horizontally adjacent brick; and wherein the protuberance's base on the lateral vertical surface, defined in the same direction of the X axis, is of less longitude than the protuberance's convex geometry maximum diameter; and wherein the protuberance's longitude, in direction of the Z axis, defined from the protuberance's convex geometry apex to the base on the brick's lateral surface, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a brick characterized by a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical anterior face; and a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the inferior horizontal surface.
In an additional aspect, the present invention provides a brick characterized by a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical anterior surface; a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical posterior surface, a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the superior horizontal surface; and a 90 degree right angle on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the inferior horizontal surface.
One additional aspect of the present invention provides a composed rod that comprises:

- i. a tube which longitude is equal to the brick's height; wherein the tube functions as a female screw; and wherein the tube has an internal thread in which the screw described in ii. is going to be screwed down.
- ii. a male screw of equal or less longitude than the longitude of the tube described in i., wherein the male screw has an external thread; and wherein said screw fit internally in its superior half to a tube as the described in i., and in its inferior half to another tube as the described in i.; and wherein the formed fit joints the two tubes which would be introduced in two of the vertically adjacent bricks;

Wherein a continuous composed rod is formed and constituted by a plurality of the tubes and a plurality of the male screws.
In another additional aspect, the present invention provides a composed rod comprising rod fragments wherein the longitude of each rod fragment is equal to one and a half times (1.5×) the longitude of the brick's height, and wherein each rod fragment is formed by three parts defined as first part, second part and a third part; wherein the three parts have exactly the same longitude, in such a way that each part have a longitude equal to one third of the rod fragment's longitude; wherein the first part is an end of the rod fragment; and wherein the first part is hollow with internal thread, thus constituting the part that functions as a female screw of the rod fragment; and wherein the second part is in the middle of the rod fragment between the first part and the third part; and wherein the second part is solid; and wherein the third part is solid with external thread; and wherein the third part is located at the end opposed to the end constituted by the first part; and wherein the third part is the part that functions as the rod fragment's male screw; and wherein the first part of a rod fragment is screwed to the third part of another identical rod fragment, and wherein a plurality of identical rod fragments which have been screwed together form the composed rod.
In one additional aspect, the present invention provides a brick which is characterized by a rounded, convex geometry, symmetrical protuberance that is originated on the middle of the brick's vertical anterior surface in direction of the X axis, wherein said protuberance interlocks precisely with and horizontally adjacent block with the cavity described in e.; and wherein the protuberance's base on the brick's vertical anterior surface, defined in the same direction as the Z axis, is of less longitude than the protuberance's convex geometry maximum diameter; and wherein the protuberance's longitude in direction of the X axis, defined from the protuberance's convex geometry apex to the base on the brick's vertical anterior surface, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick.
Another additional aspect of the present invention provides a brick that is characterized by concave geometry, symmetrical cavity that is originated on the middle of the brick's vertical posterior surface in direction of the X axis, wherein said cavity interlocks precisely with the protuberance described in d.; and wherein the longitude of the cavity's aperture on the brick's vertical posterior surface, defined in the same direction of the Z axis, is less than the cavity's concave geometry maximum diameter; and wherein the longitude of the cavity in direction of the X axis, defined from the cavity's concave geometry apex to the aperture on the brick's vertical posterior surface, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick.
In another additional aspect, the present invention provides a brick that is characterized by two cylindrical-convex geometry protuberances located symmetrically on the middle of the brick's superior horizontal surface in direction of the Y axis, wherein said protuberances interlock precisely with vertically adjacent blocks with the cavities described in g.; and wherein the diameter of each protuberance's base on the brick's superior horizontal surface is more than or equal to the protuberance's cylindrical part diameter; and wherein the longitude of the protuberance in direction of the Y axis, from the protuberance's convex geometry apex to the base on the brick's superior horizontal surface, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick.
In another additional aspect, the present invention provides a brick that is characterized by two cylindrical-concave geometry cavities located symmetrically on the middle of inferior horizontal surface in direction of the Y axis, wherein said cavities interlock precisely with vertically adjacent blocks with the protuberances described in f.; and wherein each of the cavity's aperture diameters on the brick's inferior horizontal surfaces is more than or equal to the cavity's cylindrical part diameter; and wherein the longitude of the cavity in direction of the Y axis, defined from the cavity's concave geometry apex to the cavity's aperture on the brick's inferior horizontal surface, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick.
In one further aspect, the present invention provides a brick that is characterized by two vertical cylindrical holes which perforate entirely the brick, wherein the longitude of said holes, in direction of the Y axis, is defined from the convex geometry apex of the protuberances described in f. to the concave geometry apex of the cavities described in g.; and wherein this two holes and the identical holes of the vertically adjacent bricks in a wall, are aligned in direction of the wall's vertical axis to form continuous vertical holes that go entirely through the wall's height; and wherein the diameter of the two holes fit to a rod's diameter;
and wherein the longitude of the rod is equal or exceeds the longitude of the wall's height; and wherein the rod is vertically introduced through the vertical continuous holes of the wall.
Objectives and additional advantages of the present invention will become more evident in the description of the figures, the detailed description of the invention and the claims.

DESCRIPCION BREVE DE LAS FIGURAS

FIG. 1. is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of system of brick and rod of the present invention.

FIGS. 2A. y 2B are tridimensional views of rod fragments.

FIG. 3. is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a bi-dimensional view of the superior horizontal surface of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 5. is a bi-dimensional view of one of the vertical lateral surfaces of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 6. is a bi-dimensional view of a sagittal plane that cuts trough the middle, in direction of the Z axis, passing by one of the holes that perforates one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 7. is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 8. is a bi-dimensional view of the superior horizontal surface of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 9. is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 10. is a bi-dimensional view of the superior horizontal surface of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 11. is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 12. is a bi-dimensional representation from a lateral plane of a wall constructed with one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 13. is a bi-dimensional representation from a lateral plane of a wall constructed with one of the plurality of one of the embodiments of the brick and a plurality of rods of the present invention.

FIG. 14. is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 15. is a bi-dimensional view of the superior horizontal surface of two of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 16. is a bi-dimensional view of a plane that cuts in direction of the Z axis passing by one of the holes which goes from the protuberance and the vertical cavity, and which perforates vertically one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 17. is one bi-dimensional view of one of the vertical lateral surfaces of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 18. is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 19. is a bi-dimensional view of the superior horizontal surface of two of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 20. is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 21. is a bi-dimensional view of the superior horizontal surface of two of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 22. is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 23. is a bi-dimensional view of the superior horizontal surface of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 24. is a bi-dimensional representation from a lateral plane of a wall constructed with one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 25. is a bi-dimensional representation from a lateral plane of a wall constructed with a plurality of one of the embodiments of the brick and a plurality of rods of the present invention.

FIG. 26. is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 28. is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

FIG. 29. is a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a tridimensional view of one of the embodiments of the brick and two of the embodiments of rods (4), (5A) and (5B) inserted in the brick. FIGS. 2A and 2B show two embodiments of the rod fragment which fitted to other rod fragments form a composed rod. The brick is defined, as it is shown in FIG. 7, by the three Cartesian coordinates X, Y, Z, in which the horizontal axis X defines the length, the vertical axis Y defines the height, the horizontal axis Z defines the width.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show that the brick have a superior horizontal surface (6), and one horizontal inferior surface (13).
In FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, it is shown the vertical anterior surface (7) and the vertical anterior surface (8) of the brick.
In FIGS. 4 and 6 it can be observed the two lateral vertical surfaces (14) of the brick.
In FIGS. 3 and 4 it is shown an embodiment of the brick which comprises a rounded, convex geometry, symmetrical protuberance (1), which is originated on the middle of the vertical anterior surface (7) of the brick, wherein said protuberance (1) interlocks precisely with an horizontally adjacent brick with a concave geometry, symmetrical cavity (2) which is originated on the middle of the vertical posterior surface (8) of the brick. In FIG. 4, it is shown that the longitude of the protuberance's base (9), on the vertical anterior surface (7) of the brick, is of less longitude than the protuberance convex geometry maximum diameter (10). FIG. 4 also shows that the longitude of the cavity's aperture (11) on the vertical posterior surface of the brick is less than the maximum diameter (12) of the cavity's concave geometry.
FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6 show two protuberances (3) of cylindrical-convex geometry located symmetrically on the middle of the brick's superior horizontal surface. Said protuberances (3) interlock precisely with vertically adjacent blocks with cavities of cylindrical-concave geometry (16) (FIG. 5) located symmetrically on the middle of the inferior horizontal surface (13). In FIG. 6 it can be observed that the base diameter (18) of each protuberance on the brick's superior horizontal surface is more than or equal to the diameter of the cylindrical part (17) of the protuberance (3). Likewise, in FIG. 5 it can be observed that the aperture's diameter (19) of each cavity on the inferior horizontal surface (13) of the brick is more than or equal to the diameter of the cylindrical part (20) of the cavity (16).
In FIGS. 1 to 8 two vertical cylindrical holes are shown (15) which perforate entirely the brick, wherein the longitude of said holes is defined from the convex geometry apex (21) (FIGURE 5) of the protuberances (3) to the concave geometry apex (22) (FIG. 5) of the cavities (16).
In FIG. 12 it can be observed that the holes (15) and the identical holes (15) of the vertically adjacent bricks on a wall are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of the wall, to form continuous vertical holes that go throughout the height of the wall.
In FIGS. 3 to 12, a cylindrical vertical hole is shown (23) that perforates entirely the brick, wherein the longitude of said hole is defined from the superior horizontal surface (6) of the brick to the inferior horizontal surface (13) of the brick. The hole (23) is located in parallel between the two holes (15).
In FIGS. 3-5, 7, 8 and 12, a vertical cylindrical hole is shown (24) that perforates entirely the protuberance (1). The longitude of said hole (24) is defined from the center of the superior horizontal surface of said protuberance (1) to the center of the inferior horizontal surface of said protuberance (1).
In FIG. 12 it can be observed that the hole (23) and the hole (24) of equal diameter of the vertically adjacent bricks, are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of a wall, to form a continuous vertical hole which goes throughout the height of the wall. In FIG. 13 it can be observed that the diameter of the holes (23) and (24) fits the diameter of a rod (4), or (5), or (26), or (27) (FIGS. 1 and 2) in such a way that the rod can be introduced through the continuous hole that goes throughout the height of the wall.
In FIG. 13 it can also be observed that the longitude of the rod is equal or exceeds the longitude of wall's height Besides, it can be observed that the rod is vertically introduced through the continuous vertical holes which resulted from the alignment of the holes (23) and (24) (FIGS. 12 and 13).
FIGS. 7 and 8 show another embodiment of the brick of the present invention. In this embodiment, the brick does not have the cavity (2), resulting in a brick with a flat vertical posterior surface (8). This brick would be the leader brick on an horizontal lane of bricks.
FIGS. 9 and 10 show another embodiment of the brick of the present invention. In this embodiment, the brick does not have the protuberance (1), resulting in a brick with a flat anterior vertical surface (7). This brick would be the last brick in a horizontal lane of bricks.
FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of the brick of the present invention. This embodiment shows a brick that is characterized by a symmetrical protuberance (28) with rounded convex geometry that is originated in one of the lateral surfaces (14) of the brick. Said protuberance interlocks precisely with the cavity (2) of a horizontally adjacent brick.
In FIG. 23, it can be observed that the protuberance's base (29) on the lateral surface is of less longitude than the maximum diameter (30) of the convex geometry of the protuberance (28).
The described system of brick and rod allows for the formation of resistant interlocks between horizontally and vertically adjacent bricks to build a wall which permits the introduction of a skeleton constituted by a plurality of rods thus resulting in a structure with great lateral rigidity and great resistance to extreme uniform, cyclic and gravitational forces.
Besides, the system of brick and rod with horizontal protuberances (1) rounded convex, horizontal cavities (2) rounded concave, vertical protuberances (3) rounded cylindrical convex, and rounded cylindrical concave vertical cavities (16), of the present invention, permits the formation of flexible interlocks for the construction of walls less susceptible to fracture formation in case of seismic movements or earthquakes.
FIGS. 14-21 show other embodiments of the present invention wherein the brick comprises:

- a. a protuberance (1) symmetrical of rounded convex geometry that is originated on the middle of the vertical anterior surface (7) of the brick, wherein the longitude (31) (FIGS. 15 and 19) of the protuberance defined from the apex (33) of the convex geometry of the protuberance (1) to the base (32) in the vertical anterior surface (7) of the brick, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick;
- b. a cavity (2) symmetrical of concave geometry that is originated on the middle of the vertical posterior surface (8) of the brick, wherein the longitude (34) (FIGS. 15 and 21) of the cavity defined from the apex (35) of the concave geometry of the cavity to the aperture (36) on the brick's vertical posterior surface, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick;
- c. two protuberances (3) of geometry cylindrical-convex located symmetrically on the middle of the superior horizontal surface (6) of the brick, wherein the longitude (37) (FIG. 16) of the protuberance defined from the apex (21) of the convex geometry of the protuberance to the base (38) on the superior horizontal surface (6) of the brick, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick.
- d. two cavities (16) of cylindrical-concave geometry located symmetrically on the middle of the inferior horizontal surface (13), wherein the longitude (39) (FIG. 16) of the cavity defined from the apex (22) of the concave geometry of the cavity to the aperture (40) of the cavity on the inferior horizontal surface (13) of the brick, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick.

FIGS. 22 and 23 show another embodiment of the brick which has a protuberance (28) symmetrical of rounded convex geometry that is originated on one of the lateral surfaces (14) of the brick, wherein the longitude (41) (FIG. 22) of the protuberance defined from the apex (42) of the convex geometry of the protuberance to the base (29) on the lateral surface (14) of the brick, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick.
FIGS. 24 and 25 show an embodiment of the present invention that is characterized by a brick with two vertical cylindrical holes (15) that perforate the brick entirely, wherein these holes (15) and identical holes (15) of the vertically adjacent bricks in a wall, are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of the wall, to form continuous vertical holes that go throughout the height of the wall; and wherein the diameter of the holes fit to the diameter of a rod. In FIG. 25, it is shown that the longitude of the rod is equal or exceeds the longitude of the height of the wall. In the same FIG. 25 it can be observed that the rod can be introduced through the continuous hole that goes throughout the height of the wall.
The continuous holes of the wall which are shown in FIG. 24 can also be used to vertically introduce through the wall, cable lines for electricity, tubes for gas, cable lines for telephones, etc.
FIG. 26 shows another embodiment of the brick of the present invention. In this embodiment, the brick is characterized by a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges (44), in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical anterior surface (7); a 90 degree right angle on the two edges (45), in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical posterior surface; a 90 degree right angle on the two edges (46), in direction of the X axis, of the superior horizontal surface; and a 90 degree right angle on the two edges (43), in direction of the X axis, of the inferior horizontal surface.
FIG. 27 shows another embodiment of the brick of the present invention. In this embodiment, the brick is characterized by a 90 degree right angle on the two edges (47), in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical anterior surface; and a 90 degree right angle on the two edges (48), in direction of the X axis, of the inferior horizontal surface.
FIGS. 28 and 29 show other embodiments of the brick of the present invention in which the bricks are half in longitude, in direction of the X axis, with respect to other adjacent bricks, in such a way that these bricks are located horizontally at the beginning or at the end of the horizontal lanes of bricks, creating even ends with other vertically adjacent horizontal lanes of bricks, resulting in a wall with a continuous vertical edge.
The rod of the present invention can be a rod (5) made of a single part, or a composed rod comprising rod fragments joined successively.
The rod fragments can be seen in FIG. 1 that shows a tube (5A) which longitude is equal to the brick's height; wherein the tube functions as a female screw; and wherein the tube has an internal thread to screw down a male screw (5B) with external thread. The male screw (5B) is of equal or less longitude than the longitude of the tube (5A). The male screw interlocks internally by its superior half with a tube (5A), and by its inferior half to another tube (5A), forming an interlock of two tubes which would be introduced in two of the vertically adjacent bricks. The composed continuous rod is constituted by successive interlocks formed by a plurality of tubes (5A) and a plurality of male screws (5B).
In another embodiment of the present invention, the composed rod is constituted by rod fragments (26) and (27) (FIGS. 2A and 2B) which longitude is equal to one and a half times (1.5×) the longitude of the brick's height. Each one of these rod fragments, (26) and (27), is formed by three parts defined as first part (49), second part (50) and a third part (51); wherein the three parts have exactly the same longitude in such a way that each part has a longitude equal to one third of the longitude of the rod fragment; wherein the first part (49) is at one end of the rod fragment; and wherein the first part (49) is hollow with internal thread constituting the part that functions as female screw of the rod fragment; and wherein the second part (50) is on the middle of the rod fragment between the first part (49) and the third part (51); and wherein the second part (50) is solid; and wherein the third part (51) is solid with external thread; and wherein the third part (51) is located at the opposed end which constitutes the first part (49); and wherein the third part (51) is the part that functions as male screw of the rod fragment; and wherein the first part (49) of the rod fragment interlocks with a third part (51) of another identical rod fragment, and thus successively a plurality of rod fragments get interlocked to form the composed rod.
One of the advantages of the present invention is the elimination of the use of mortar or adhesives between the horizontally and vertically adjacent bricks in the construction of a wall. This is achieved by interlocks between the protuberances (1) symmetrical of convex geometry which are perfectly complementary to cavities (2) symmetrical of concave geometry of horizontally adjacent bricks, and between protuberances (3) cylindrical-convex that are perfectly complementary to cavities (16) cylindrical-concaves of vertically adjacent bricks.
However, another embodiment of the present invention comprises a brick with a protuberance (3) cylindrical convex that is originated on the superior horizontal surface (6) in such a way that the cylindrical portion forms an angle (52) (FIG. 16) with a slight curved transition with the superior horizontal surface (6); while the cavity (16) cylindrical-concave is originated on the inferior horizontal surface (13) in such a way that the cylindrical portion forms an right angle (53) (FIG. 16) of 90 degrees with the inferior horizontal surface (13). The disparity in the angle (52) formed by the protuberance (1), and the angle (53) formed by the cavity (16) creates an imperfect interlock between vertically adjacent bricks, thus creating a gap of millimeters between vertically adjacent bricks. Said gap can be required by anti-seismic regulations. In case necessary said gap can be filled with mortar.
While the description presents the preferred embodiments of the present invention, additional changes can be made in the form and disposition of the parts without distancing from the basic ideas and principles comprised in the following claims:

Claims

1. A system of brick and rod, wherein the brick is tridimensional and rectangular, and is defined by the three Cartesian coordinates X, Y, Z, in which the horizontal X axis defines the length, the vertical Y axis defines the height, the horizontal Z axis defines the width; and wherein the brick is a solid block comprising:

a. a superior horizontal surface and a inferior horizontal surface defined by the X and Z axis;

b. a vertical anterior surface and vertical posterior surface defined by the Z and Y axis;

c. two lateral vertical surfaces defined by the X and Y axis;

d. a symmetrical protuberance of rounded convex geometry that is originated in the middle of the brick's vertical anterior surface in direction of the X axis, wherein said protuberance interlocks precisely with an horizontally adjacent block with the cavity described in e.; and wherein the protuberance's base on the vertical anterior surface of the brick, defined in the same direction of the Z axis, is of shorter longitude than the

e. a symmetrical cavity of concave geometry which is originated in the middle of the brick's vertical posterior surface in direction of the X axis, wherein said cavity interlocks precisely with a horizontally adjacent block with the protuberance described in d.; and wherein the longitude of the cavity's aperture on the brick's vertical posterior surface, defined in the same direction as the Z axis, is shorter than the maximum diameter of the cavity's concave geometry;

f. two protuberances of cylindrical-concave geometry located symmetrically on the middle of the brick's superior horizontal surface in direction of the Y axis, wherein said protuberances interlock precisely with vertically adjacent blocks with the cavities described in g.; and wherein the diameter of each protuberance's base on the brick's superior horizontal surface is more than or equal to the diameter of the cylindrical part of the protuberance;

g. two cavities of cylindrical-concave geometry located symmetrically on the middle of the brick's inferior horizontal surface in direction of the Y axis, wherein said cavities interlock precisely with vertically adjacent blocks with the protuberances described in f.; and wherein the diameter of each cavity's aperture on the brick's inferior horizontal surface is more than or equal to the diameter of the cylindrical part of the cavity;

h. two vertical cylindrical holes which perforate entirely the brick, wherein said holes' longitude, in direction of the Y axis, is defined from the apex of the convex geometry of the protuberances described in f., to the apex of the concave geometry of the cavities described in g.; and wherein said holes and identical holes of vertically adjacent bricks in a wall are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of the wall, to form continuous vertical holes that go through the entire height of the wall;

i. one vertical cylindrical hole which perforates entirely the brick, wherein the longitude of said hole, in direction of the Y axis, is defined from the brick's superior horizontal surface to the brick's inferior horizontal surface; and wherein said hole is located in parallel between the two holes describe in h.; and wherein said hole and the hole of equal diameter described in j. of the vertically adjacent bricks, are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of a wall, to form a continuous vertical hole that goes through the entire height of the wall; and wherein said holes have a diameter which fits the rod's diameter such that the rod can be introduced through the continuous hole that goes throughout the height of the wall;

j. a vertical cylindrical hole which perforates entirely, in direction of the Y axis, the protuberance described in d., wherein the hole's longitude is defined from the center of said protuberance's superior horizontal surface to the center of said protuberance's inferior horizontal surface; wherein this hole and the vertically adjacent brick's holes of equal diameter described in i., are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of a wall, to form a continuous vertical hole that goes throughout the height of the wall; and wherein said holes have a diameter that fits the rod's diameter such that the rod can be introduced through the continuous hole that goes throughout the height of the wall;

wherein the rod's longitude is equal to or exceeds the longitude of the height of the wall; and wherein the rod is vertically introduced through the continuous vertical holes described in i. and j.;

and wherein resistant interlocks are created between the vertically and horizontally adjacent bricks of a wall which allows the introduction of a skeleton constituted by a plurality of the rods, thus resulting in a structure with great lateral rigidity and great resistance to extreme uniform, cyclic and gravitational forces.

2. The system, according to claim 1, wherein the brick has a rounded, convex geometry, symmetrical protuberance that is originated on one of the brick's lateral vertical surfaces, wherein said protuberance interlocks precisely with the cavity described in 1.e. of a horizontally adjacent brick; and wherein the protuberance's base on the lateral vertical surface, defined in the same direction of the X axis, if of less longitude than the maximum diameter of the protuberance's convex geometry.

3. The system, according to claim 1, wherein the brick has a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical anterior surface; and a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the inferior horizontal surface.

4. The system, according to claim 1, wherein the brick has a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical anterior surface; a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical posterior surface, a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the superior horizontal surface; and a 90 degree right angle on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the inferior horizontal surface.

5. The system, according to claim 1, wherein the rod is a composed rod that comprises:

a. a tube which longitude is equal to the brick's height; wherein the tube functions as a female screw; and wherein the tube has an internal thread in which the screw described in b. is going to be screwed down.

b. a male screw of equal or less longitude than the longitude of the tube described in a., wherein the male screw has an external thread; and wherein said male screw fit internally in its superior half to a tube as the described in a., and in its inferior half to another tube as the described in a.; and wherein the formed fit joints the two tubes which would be introduced in two of the vertically adjacent bricks;

wherein a continuous composed rod is formed and constituted by a plurality of the tubes and a plurality of the male screws.

6. The system, according to claim 1, wherein the rod is a composed rod comprising rod fragments wherein the longitude of each rod fragment is equal to one and a half times (1.5×) the longitude of the brick's height, and wherein each rod fragment is formed by three parts defined as first part, second part and a third part; wherein the three parts have exactly the same longitude, in such a way that each part have a longitude equal to one third of the rod fragment's longitude; wherein the first part is an end of the rod fragment; and wherein the first part is hollow with internal thread, thus constituting the part that functions as a female screw of the rod fragment; and wherein the second part is in the middle of the rod fragment between the first part and the third part; and wherein the second part is solid; and wherein the third part is solid with external thread; and wherein the third part is located at the end opposed to the end constituted by the first part; and wherein the third part is the part that functions as the rod fragment's male screw; and wherein the first part of a rod fragment is screwed to the third part of another identical rod fragment, and wherein a plurality of identical rod fragments which have been screwed successively together form the composed rod.

7. A system of brick and rod, wherein the system the brick is a tridimensional and rectangular, and is defined by the three Cartesian coordinates X, Y, Z, in which the horizontal X axis defines the length, the vertical Y axis defines the height, the horizontal Z axis defines the width; and wherein the brick is a solid block comprising:

c. two lateral vertical surfaces defined by the X and Y axis;

d. a symmetrical protuberance of rounded convex geometry that is originated in the middle of the brick's vertical anterior surface in direction of the X axis, wherein said protuberance interlocks precisely with an horizontally adjacent block with the cavity described in e.; and wherein the protuberance's base on the vertical anterior surface of the brick, defined in the same direction of the Z axis, is of shorter longitude than the maximum diameter of the convex geometry of the protuberance;

h. two vertical cylindrical holes which perforate entirely the brick, wherein said holes' longitude, in direction of the Y axis, is defined from the apex of the convex geometry of the protuberances described in f., to the apex of the concave geometry of the cavities described in g.; and wherein said holes and identical holes of vertically adjacent bricks in a wall are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of the wall, to form continuous vertical holes that go through the entire height of the wall; and wherein the diameter of the two holes fit the diameter of the rod;

and wherein the longitude of the rod is equal to or exceed the longitude of the wall's height; and wherein the rod is vertically introduced through the continuous vertical holes of the wall;

and wherein resistant interlocks are created between the vertically and horizontally adjacent bricks of a wall that permits the introduction of a skeleton constituted by a plurality of the rods, thus resulting in a structure with great lateral rigidity and great resistance to extreme uniform, cyclic and gravitational forces.

8. The system, according to claim 7, wherein the brick has a rounded, convex geometry, symmetrical protuberance that is originated on one of the brick's lateral vertical surfaces, wherein said protuberance interlocks precisely with the cavity described in 7.e. of a horizontally adjacent brick; and wherein the protuberance's base on the lateral surface, defined in the same direction of the X axis, if of less longitude than the maximum diameter of the protuberance's convex geometry.

9. The system, according to claim 7, wherein the brick has a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical anterior surface; and a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the inferior horizontal surface.

10. The system, according to claim 7, wherein the brick has a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical anterior surface; a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical posterior surface, a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the superior horizontal surface; and a 90 degree right angle on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the inferior horizontal surface.

11. The system, according to claim 7, wherein the rod is a composed rod that comprises:

a. a tube which longitude is equal to the brick's height; wherein the tube functions as a female screw; and

wherein the tube has an internal thread in which the screw described in b. is going to be screwed down.

12. The system, according to claim 7, wherein the rod is a composed rod comprising rod fragments wherein the longitude of each rod fragment is equal to one and a half times (1.5×) the longitude of the brick's height, and wherein each rod fragment is formed by three parts defined as first part, second part and a third part; wherein the three parts have exactly the same longitude, in such a way that each part have a longitude equal to one third of the rod fragment's longitude; wherein the first part is an end of the rod fragment; and wherein the first part is hollow with internal thread, thus constituting the part that functions as a female screw of the rod fragment; and wherein the second part is in the middle of the rod fragment between the first part and the third part; and wherein the second part is solid; and wherein the third part is solid with external thread; and wherein the third part is located at the end opposed to the end constituted by the first part; and wherein the third part is the part that functions as the rod fragment's male screw; and wherein the first part of a rod fragment is screwed to the third part of another identical rod fragment, and wherein a plurality of identical rod fragments which have been screwed successively together form the composed rod.

13. A tridimensional rectangular brick, wherein the brick is defined by the three Cartesian coordinates X, Y, Z, in which the horizontal X axis defines the length, the vertical Y axis defines the height, the horizontal Z axis defines the width; and wherein the brick is a solid block comprising:

c. two lateral vertical surfaces defined by the X and Y axis;

i. one vertical cylindrical hole which perforates entirely the brick, wherein the longitude of said hole, in direction of the Y axis, is defined from the brick's superior horizontal surface to the brick's inferior horizontal surface; and wherein said hole is located in parallel between the two holes describe in h.; and wherein said hole and the hole of equal diameter described in j. of the vertically adjacent bricks, are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of a wall, to form a continuous vertical hole that goes through the entire height of the wall; and wherein said holes have a diameter which fits a rod's diameter in such a way that the rod can be introduced through the continuous hole that goes throughout the height of the wall;

j. a vertical cylindrical hole which perforates entirely, in direction of the Y axis, the protuberance described in d., wherein the hole's longitude is defined from the center of said protuberance's superior horizontal surface to the center of said protuberance's inferior horizontal surface; wherein this hole and the vertically adjacent brick's holes of equal diameter described in i., are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of a wall, to form a continuous vertical hole that goes throughout the height of the wall; and wherein said holes have a diameter that fits a rod's diameter in such a way that the rod can be introduced through the continuous hole that goes throughout the height of the wall;

and wherein resistant interlocks are created between the vertically and horizontally adjacent bricks of a wall which allows the introduction of a skeleton constituted by vertical rods, thus resulting in a structure with great lateral rigidity and great resistance to extreme uniform, cyclic and gravitational forces.

14. The brick, according to claim 13, wherein the brick has a rounded, convex geometry, symmetrical protuberance that is originated on one of the brick's lateral vertical surfaces, wherein said protuberance interlocks precisely with the cavity described in 13.e. of a horizontally adjacent brick; and wherein the protuberance's base on the lateral vertical surface, defined in the same direction of the X axis, if of less longitude than the maximum diameter of the protuberance's convex geometry.

15. The brick, according to claim 13, wherein the brick has a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical anterior surface; and a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the inferior horizontal surface.

16. The brick, according to claim 13, wherein the brick has a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical anterior surface; a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical posterior surface, a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the superior horizontal surface; and a 90 degree right angle on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the inferior horizontal surface.

17. A tridimensional rectangular brick for the construction of walls, wherein the brick is defined by the three Cartesian coordinates X, Y, Z, in which the horizontal X axis defines the length, the vertical Y axis defines the height, the horizontal Z axis defines the width; and wherein the brick is a solid block comprising:

c. two lateral vertical surfaces defined by the X and Y axis;

d. a symmetrical protuberance of rounded convex geometry that is originated in the middle of the brick's vertical anterior surface in direction of the X axis, wherein said protuberance interlocks precisely with an horizontally adjacent block with the cavity described in e.; and wherein the protuberance's base on the vertical anterior surface of the brick, defined in the same direction of the Z axis, is of shorter longitude than the maximum diameter of the convex geometry of the protuberance; and wherein the protuberance's longitude, in direction of the X axis, defined from the protuberance's convex geometry apex to the base on the brick's vertical anterior surface, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick;

e. a symmetrical cavity of concave geometry which is originated in the middle of the brick's vertical posterior surface in direction of the X axis, wherein said cavity interlocks precisely with a horizontally adjacent block with the protuberance described in d.; and wherein the longitude of the cavity's aperture on the brick's vertical posterior surface, defined in the same direction as the Z axis, is shorter than the maximum diameter of the cavity's concave geometry; and wherein the longitude of the cavity in direction of the X axis, defined from the cavity's concave geometry apex to the aperture on the brick's vertical posterior surface, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick;

f. two protuberances of cylindrical-concave geometry located symmetrically on the middle of the brick's superior horizontal surface in direction of the Y axis, wherein said protuberances interlock precisely with vertically adjacent blocks with the cavities described in g.; and wherein the diameter of each protuberance's base on the brick's superior horizontal surface is more than or equal to the diameter of the cylindrical part of the protuberance; and wherein the longitude of the protuberance in direction of the Y axis, from the protuberance's convex geometry apex to the base on the brick's superior horizontal surface, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick;

g. two cavities of cylindrical-concave geometry located symmetrically on the middle of the brick's inferior horizontal surface in direction of the Y axis, wherein said cavities interlock precisely with vertically adjacent blocks with the protuberances described in f.; and wherein the diameter of each cavity's aperture on the brick's inferior horizontal surface is more than or equal to the diameter of the cylindrical part of the cavity; and wherein the longitude of the cavity in direction of the Y axis, defined from the cavity's convex geometry apex to the cavity's aperture on the brick's inferior horizontal surface, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick;

and wherein resistant interlocks are created between vertically and horizontally adjacent bricks of a wall with great lateral rigidity and great resistance to extreme uniform, cyclic and gravitational forces.

18. The brick, according to claim 17, wherein the brick has two vertical cylindrical holes which perforate entirely the brick, wherein said holes' longitude, in direction of the Y axis, is defined from the apex of the convex geometry of the protuberances described in 17.f. to the apex of the concave geometry of the cavities described in 17.g.; and wherein said holes and identical holes of vertically adjacent bricks in a wall are aligned in direction of the vertical axis of the wall, to form continuous vertical holes that go through the entire height of the wall; and wherein said holes have a diameter that fits to a diameter of identical rods in such a way that the rods can be introduced through the continuous holes that go throughout the height of the wall; and wherein resistant interlocks are created between vertically and horizontally adjacent bricks of the wall that allows the introduction of a skeleton constituted by vertical rods, thus resulting in a structure with great lateral rigidity and great resistance to extreme uniform, cyclic and gravitational forces.

19. The brick, according to claim 17, wherein the brick has a rounded, convex geometry, symmetrical protuberance that is originated on one of the brick's lateral vertical surfaces, wherein said protuberance interlocks precisely with the cavity described in 17.e. of a horizontally adjacent brick; and wherein the protuberance's base on the brick's lateral vertical surface, defined in the same direction as the X axis, is of less longitude than the protuberance's convex geometry maximum diameter; and wherein the protuberance's longitude in direction of the Z axis, defined from the protuberance's convex geometry apex to the base on the brick's lateral surface, is between 26% and 65% of the width Z of the brick.

20. The brick, according to claim 17, wherein the brick has a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical anterior surface; and a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the inferior horizontal surface.

21. The brick, according to claim 17, wherein the brick has a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical anterior surface; a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the Y axis, of the vertical posterior surface, a 90 degree right angle channel on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the superior horizontal surface; and a 90 degree right angle on the two edges, in direction of the X axis, of the inferior horizontal surface.