US20070237799A1 - Osteogenic Composite Matrix, Method for the Production Thereof and Implant and Scaffold for Tissue Engineering Provided with a Coating Formed by Said Osteogenic Composite matrix - Google Patents

Osteogenic Composite Matrix, Method for the Production Thereof and Implant and Scaffold for Tissue Engineering Provided with a Coating Formed by Said Osteogenic Composite matrix Download PDF

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US20070237799A1
US20070237799A1 US11/578,607 US57860705A US2007237799A1 US 20070237799 A1 US20070237799 A1 US 20070237799A1 US 57860705 A US57860705 A US 57860705A US 2007237799 A1 US2007237799 A1 US 2007237799A1
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collagen
noncollagenic
matrix composite
osteogenic
fibrillogenesis
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Dieter Scharnweber
Hartmut Worch
Susanne Bierbaum
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Nexilis AG
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Nexilis AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
    • A61L27/26—Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/40—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
    • A61L27/44—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix
    • A61L27/48—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix with macromolecular fillers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
    • A61L2430/02—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an osteogenic matrix composite of collagen and noncollagenic components of the extracellular matrix (ECM components), a method for its production, a method for the production of an implant or of a scaffold for tissue engineering having a coating of an osteogenic matrix composite, and implants and scaffolds for tissue engineering having a coating of the osteogenic matrix composite for the stimulation and accelerated formation of hard tissue, such as, for example, in the field of osseointegration of implants into bone.
  • ECM components extracellular matrix
  • the cells are embedded in the native extracellular matrix (ECM), which is an important part of the cellular environment.
  • ECM extracellular matrix
  • the native ECM is a highly ordered, tissue-specific network which consists of collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAG).
  • GAG glycosaminoglycans
  • the main structural protein of the native bone matrix is collagen type I, but various other matrix proteins such as proteoglycans and glycoproteins can interact with the collagen and influence the structure and function of the matrix. These noncollagenic ECM proteins fulfill specific functions in the matrix.
  • fibronectin in addition to cell-binding properties, also has collagen- and GAG-binding properties [Stamatoglou and Keller, 1984 , Biochim Biophys Acta. Oct.
  • SRPS small leucine-rich proteins
  • Proteoglycans and glycoproteins differ by their degree of glycosylation, the sugar content of the particularly highly glycosylated proteoglycans consisting of various glycosaminoglycans.
  • the distribution of these chains can be tissue-specific, as, for example, for decorin (chondroitin sulfate in the bone, dermatan sulfate in the skin).
  • the glycosaminoglycans are large, unbranched polysaccharides which consist of repeating disaccharides, which are composed, for example, of N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, glucuronate or iduronate, which are sulfated to different degrees.
  • sugar chains are present in vivo bound to the proteoglycans and play an important role in the function of these proteins, i.e. in growth factor binding and modulation [Bernfield et al, 1999, Annu Rev Biochem, 68: 729-771].
  • ECM constituents in particular collagen
  • collagen are already utilized for the biocompatible modification of scaffolds and implants in order to improve cell adhesion and tissue integration.
  • ECM components such as polysaccharides are used in various applications.
  • bone tissue was crosslinked with glycosaminoglycans in order to produce a three-dimensional scaffold for applications in tissue culture (WO 01/02030A2).
  • a chondroitin sulfate-containing mixture is used for the repair of bone defects; this promotes the healing of the connective tissue, mainly on account of the content of aminosugars and increased matrix production caused thereby (WO 98/27988, WO 99/39757).
  • plant polysaccharides are used as wound coverings (EP 0140569 A2), and a combination of chitosan and GAGs is described as an agent for the stimulation of the regeneration of hard tissue (WO 96/02259).
  • Collagen-GAG mixtures are produced here by acid coprecipitation, an unstructured precipitate and no defined collagen fibrils comparable to those in the native ECM being formed (U.S. Pat. No. 4,448,718, U.S. Pat. No. 5,716,411, U.S. Pat. No. 6,340,369).
  • bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP 2, 4-7) are particularly interesting since they induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in chondrocytes and osteoblasts and the formation of new bone [Celeste A J, Taylor R, Yamaji N, Wang J, Ross J, Wozney J M ( 1994 ) J. Cell Biochem. 16F, 100; Wozney J M, Rosen V (1993) Bone morphogenetic proteins in Mundy, G R, Martin T J (Ed.) Physiology and pharmacology of bone.
  • BMPs are employed in various carrier materials in order to promote and to improve the regeneration of bone.
  • Effective carriers for morphogenetic proteins should bind these, protect against hydrolysis, make possible subsequent, controlled release and promote the associated cell reactions.
  • such carriers should be biocompatible and biodegradable.
  • Preferred carrier materials for BMPs are, for example, xenogenic bone matrix (WO 99/39757) or natural tissue subsequently crosslinked with GAGs (WO 01/02030 A2), or HAP, collagen, TCP, methylcellulose, PLA, PGA, and various copolymers (EP 0309241 A2, DE 19890329, EP 0309241 A2, DE 19890906, WO 8904646 A1, DE 19890601).
  • Further applications comprise a crosslinked synthetic polymer which can contain additional components such as GAGs, collagen or bioactive factors (WO 97/22371), or crosslinked collagen mixed with glycosaminoglycans and osteogenic factors (WO 91/18558, WO 97/21447).
  • the collagen-GAG mixture is in this case likewise produced by acid coprecipitation.
  • recombinant growth factors are associated with great disadvantages. Since the recombinant factors usually have a lower activity than the endogenous factors occurring naturally in the tissue, in order to achieve an effect in vivo unphysiologically high doses are necessary. The administration of recombinant factors can only simulate the action of endogenous factors very incompletely.
  • a further aim of the invention is a coating of carrier materials (scaffolds) for tissue engineering, which assists the production of hard tissue in vitro and subsequently in vivo.
  • the invention is based on the scientific observation that for implants in contact with the bone in most cases an adequate amount of endogenous bone-forming factors is present on account of the surrounding tissue and the blood circulation.
  • the bone-inducing effect of the BMPs which can be observed under physiological conditions in vivo, is in all probability also not due to an individual growth factor type, but the result of the synergistic action of a large number of endogenous factors.
  • an implant coating is desirable which advantageously utilizes the endogenous bone-forming factors which are present at the implantation site.
  • the object is achieved by an osteogenic matrix composite of collagen and at least one noncollagenic ECM component or its derivatives, in which the collagen component consists of non-crosslinked collagen fibrils produced by means of fibrillogenesis, into which are integrated the at least one noncollagenic ECM component or its derivatives.
  • constituents of the extracellular matrix are used which are as similar as possible in composition and morphology to the matrix constituents which occur naturally in the bone, which are biocompatible and biodegradable, and have bone tissue-specific functions both in the binding and presentation of growth factors, and can directly influence the reactions of the cells.
  • a microenvironment which is as approximate as possible to the in vivo conditions is presented to the cells, which positively influences the cell functions and the reaction to bone-forming factors such as growth factors.
  • collagen comprises all fibril-forming collagen types. Any collagen source is suitable which produces noncrosslinked, acid-soluble collagen monomers, recombinant or tissue derived, with and without telopeptides.
  • noncollagenic ECM components comprises both glycosaminoglycans and noncollagenic proteins, which are known constituents of the native ECM.
  • noncollagenic proteins comprises all matrix proteins having noncollagenic (proteoglycans and glycoproteins) or partly collagenic (FACITs) structure.
  • the main constituent of the osteogenic matrix composite is collagen of type I, II, III, V, IX, XI, or combinations thereof.
  • every fibril-forming collagen type can be used which produces noncrosslinked, acid-soluble collagen monomers, collagen I, III and V being preferred, since these are the collagens mainly represented in the bone.
  • the osteogenic matrix composition contains chondroitin sulfate A, C, D, E; dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, heparan sulfate, heparin, hyaluronic acid or their derivatives, both individually and mixed, chondroitin sulfate being preferred.
  • the sugars used are either prepared synthetically or isolated from biological sources.
  • the osteogenic matrix composition can contain fibronectin, decorin, biglycan, laminin or versican, both individually and mixed, decorin and biglycan being preferred.
  • the proteins used are either prepared recombinantly or isolated from biological sources in native form.
  • a matrix which is as bone-analogous as possible
  • decorin and biglycan and/or their GAG chains such as chondroitin sulfate
  • GAG chains which bind endogenous growth factors or can potentiate in their action; in particular the chondroitin sulfate frequently occurring in the bone.
  • an osteogenic matrix composite of collagen and at least one noncollagenic ECM component or its derivatives is prepared such that collagen fibrils are produced by means of fibrillogenesis and that prior to fibrillogenesis at least one noncollagenic ECM component or its derivatives is added.
  • the collagen fibrils produced in this way can be utilized as a coating solution after resuspension in water or in a buffer system or lyophilized.
  • the fibrillogenesis (i.e. the formation of collagen fibrils) proceeds under the following conditions: temperature range from 4° C. to 40° C., preferably 25° C. to 37° C., collagen concentration of 50 to 5000 ⁇ g/ml, preferably 250 to 1000 ⁇ g/ml, pH 4 to pH 9, preferably pH 6 to pH 8, phosphate content up to 500 mmol/l, preferably 30 to 60 mmol/l, NaCl content up to 1000 mmol/l, preferably up to 300 mmol/l.
  • an osteogenic matrix composite is formed having a defined structure and composition comparable to the situation in the native ECM.
  • An ordered, mutually transposed lateral association of the collagen monomers is characteristic of collagen fibrils in vivo, a typical band pattern having a periodicity of 64 to 67 nm resulting. This association is due, inter alia, to the charge pattern of the monomers. Fibril formation in vitro is induced by the pH, the temperature and the ionic strength of a cold, acidic collagen solution being brought to values in the vicinity of the physiological parameters.
  • Glycosaminoglycans or other matrix components are added to the solution containing collagen monomers before fibrillogenesis and thereby included in the following process of fibrillogenesis. Owing to the presence of the noncollagenic ECM components during the fibrillogenesis, these are integrated into the resulting fibril and a matrix is formed which corresponds to the native ECM with respect to the components used, the composition and structure.
  • collagen forms the characteristic transversely striated fibrils analogously to the in vivo-structures, the structure of the resulting fibrils being influenced by the process parameters (pH, ionic strength, phosphate concentration) and by the nature and amount of the noncollagenic components present in the reaction solution.
  • process parameters pH, ionic strength, phosphate concentration
  • noncollagenic components present in the reaction solution.
  • matrix-modifying proteoglycans such as decorin
  • collagen aggregation can also be induced by the addition of a polyanion, as the glycosaminoglycans represent, in the acidic medium, the electrostatic interactions existing between the GAG and the collagen monomer being causal.
  • a polyanion as the glycosaminoglycans represent, in the acidic medium, the electrostatic interactions existing between the GAG and the collagen monomer being causal.
  • the association of the collagen monomers cannot be compared with that under approximately physiological conditions.
  • a polymorphous aggregate such as segment long-spacing crystallites is formed.
  • glycoproteins or proteoglycans such as decorin
  • the collagen fibrils are not crosslinked.
  • crosslinking would increase the stability, it would disadvantageously have an effect on those domains which can enter into specific bonds with endogenous bone-forming factors. This is in particular of importance for the function of the GAGs, since their growth factor-binding properties are based on free mobility of the sugar chain, which is restricted by the crosslinking.
  • the sugars can thus be released from the matrix, which is of importance for the presentation of the growth factors to the cell surface.
  • the invention comprises the use of the osteogenic matrix composite according to the invention for the coating of implants or scaffolds for tissue engineering.
  • Implants in the sense of the invention is understood as meaning all metallic, ceramic and polymeric implants or implants composed of various groups of materials whose surfaces are at least partly in contact with bone tissue. Likewise all metallic, ceramic and polymeric structures or structures composed of various groups of materials which serve as a scaffold for the tissue engineering of hard tissue.
  • the previously described osteogenic matrix composite is suitable, in particular, for the coating of nondegradable implants in bone contact, such as artificial hip joints, tooth implants or other load-bearing applications for which a rapid and solid integration of the implant into the bone is necessary.
  • the osteogenic matrix in -combination with a three-dimensional, degradable implant which is implanted as a bone replacement, can advantageously accelerate the integration and the reconstruction of the implant and also the new bone formation.
  • These implants can contain, for example, particulate or three-dimensional structures consisting of calcium phosphates, but also polymeric materials, as a basic component.
  • the osteogenic matrix composition in combination with a scaffold can be advantageous for proliferation and differentiation of the bone-forming cells.
  • a scaffold all three-dimensional, porous structures of synthetic and/or natural polymers (e.g. collagen), ceramic or metal individually or in combination are possible, biodegradable scaffolds of polymer and/or ceramic being given preference.
  • bone-forming factors such as, for example, growth factors which are present in vivo
  • growth factors which are present in vivo
  • different endogenous factors which are present at the implantation site are recruited by the implant coated with the osteogenic matrix composite.
  • the coating solution comprising the osteogenic matrix composite is utilized in order to immobilize the osteogenic matrix composite on its surface advantageously by means of a dip-coating process.
  • the collagen concentration of the coating solution can be between 0.5 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml to 2 mg/ml being the preferred range.
  • the osteogenic matrix composite is immobilized by incubation of the implant at room temperature for 5 to 20 minutes, subsequently dried and washed with water.
  • the thickness of the resulting layer can be influenced by the concentration of the coating solution and by the number of process repetitions.
  • the component mixture is advantageously introduced into the scaffold, which can be of metallic, ceramic and/or polymeric origin, prior to the beginning of fibrillogenesis.
  • the fibrillogenesis is subsequently induced by increasing the temperature.
  • the fibrils formed in situ can either remain as a collagen gel, or be dried analogously to the surface coating.
  • the implant or scaffold prepared in this way can advantageously be sterilized using the known nonthermal methods such as ethylene oxide or gamma irradiation and stored at room temperature.
  • FIG. 1 Influence of decorin and chondroitin sulfate, (CS) on the formation of collagen fibrils, measured as the increase in the turbidity of a fibrillogenesis solution in OD over time
  • FIG. 2 AFM photographs of the fibril structure
  • FIG. 3 Chondroitin sulfate and, decorin present in osteogenic matrix composites according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 Binding behavior of osteogenic matrix composites according to the invention for the recombinant growth factors BMP-4 and TGF-1 ⁇
  • FIG. 5 Behavior of primary rat calvaria osteoblasts on various osteogenic matrix composites according to the invention influence on adhesion and osteopontin expression
  • FIG. 6 Activity of alkaline phosphatase in rat calvaria cells on various osteogenic matrix composites according to the invention after addition of 4 pmol/cm 2 of BMP-4
  • FIG. 7 New bone formation on the implant surface in percent after 6 months in minipig jaw
  • a solution of collagen monomers in 0.01 M acetic acid is prepared by stirring for 24 hours at 4° C.
  • the collagen fibrils are subsequently formed in the presence of the noncollagenic components by a process of self-aggregation (fibrillogenesis) in aqueous phosphate buffer solutions at neutral pH and a temperature of 37° C.
  • the range for the formation of the fibrils is between 0.5 and 5 mg of collagen/ml and 0.1 to 5 mg of glycosaminoglycan/ml, 1 mg/ml of collagen and 0.2 mg/ml of GAG and 30 ⁇ g/ml of proteoglycan being the preferred conditions.
  • the preferred fibrillogenesis parameters were a 30 mmol/l phosphate buffer pH 7.0, either with 135 mmol/l of NaCl or without NaCl addition.
  • Glycosaminoglycans or other matrix components are added to the collagen monomers before fibrillogenesis and thereby integrated at least partially into the resulting fibrils in the following process of fibrillogenesis.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a measurement of the turbidity of a solution caused by fibril formation, over time, that increasing amounts of decorin (indicated in molar ratios) cause a slowing of the formation kinetics and a reduction of the maximum OD values, indicative of a reduction of the fibril diameter.
  • decorin indicated in molar ratios
  • formation conditions 250 ⁇ g/ml of collagen, 37° C., 30 mmol/l of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing 135 mmol/l of NaCl.
  • FIG. 2 the influence of the formation conditions on the structure of the resulting fibrils is documented in AFM photographs.
  • Addition of decorin reduces the fibril diameter (a and d) under all conditions.
  • a markedly more heterogeneous distribution of the fibril diameter is visible with increase in the average fibril diameter (f), while the effect is not apparent at higher ionic strengths (c).
  • b and e show the fibril structure without noncollagenic additives.
  • Formation conditions 250 ⁇ g/ml of collagen, 37° C., 30 mmol./l of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 (buffer A) or 30 mmol/l of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing 135 mmol/l of NaCl (buffer B).
  • the collagen monomers form the characteristic transversely striated fibrils analogously to the in vivo structures, the structure of the resulting fibrils being influenced both by the process parameters (pH, ionic strength, phosphate concentration) and by the nature and amount of the added noncollagenic components.
  • Collagen fibrils containing noncollagenic constituents such as glycosaminoglycans or decorin can accordingly be produced in a comparatively wide range of mass ratios, within which the integration of the collagen into the fibrils is not or is only slightly influenced.
  • a solution of collagen monomers in 0.01 M acetic acid is prepared by stirring at 4° C. for 24 hours.
  • the collagen fibrils are subsequently formed by a process of self-aggregation (fibrillogenesis) in aqueous phosphate buffer solutions at neutral pH in the presence of the noncollagenic components. Formation conditions: 250 ⁇ g/ml of collagen, 37° C., 30 mmol/l of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 (buffer A) or 30 mmol/l of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing 135 mmol/l of NaCl (buffer B) with different chondroitin sulfate and decorin concentrations.
  • chondroitin sulfate For chondroitin sulfate, the extent of the integration is dependent on the ionic strength of the buffer system. used. For low ionic strengths (buffer A), of the 20 ⁇ g employed, about 2.5 ⁇ g of CS are incorporated on 250 ⁇ g of collagen, for high ionic strengths (buffer B), however, only a third of this amount ( FIG. 3 ).
  • Matrices composed and produced according to the invention can accelerate and improve bone formation and accumulation without the use of recombinant growth factors by the recruitment of endogenous growth factors. In the experiment, such a binding behavior can only be demonstrated using recombinant growth factors.
  • a sandblasted, cylindrical sample of TiAl6V4 having a diameter of 10 mm is cleaned with ethanol, acetone and water.
  • a solution of 1 mg/ml of bovine collagen type I in 0.01 M acetic acid is produced by stirring overnight at 4° C.
  • Noncollagenic ECM components (glycosaminoglycan 30 ⁇ g/ml, proteoglycans 15 ⁇ g/ml) are added to this solution.
  • the mixtures are treated with fibrillogenesis buffer (60 mmol/l of phosphate, 270 mmol/l of NaCl, pH 7.4) on ice and incubated at 37° C. for 18 h.
  • the resulting fibrils are centrifuged off, washed, homogenized and resuspended to give a final concentration of 1 mg/ml.
  • the cylindrical sample is coated (dip-coating) with this solution at RT for 15 min, washed with water and dried.
  • growth factors (recombinant BMP-4 or TGF-1 ⁇ ) are immobilized on these -surfaces by an adsorption process (4° C., 18 h, from PBS) and subsequently. determined by means of ELISA.
  • Formation conditions of the matrix 500 ⁇ g/ml of collagen, 30 ⁇ g/ml of decorin and/or chondroitin sulfate, 37° C., 30 mmol/l of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing 135 mmol/l of NaCl.
  • FIG. 5 shows the behavior of primary rat calvaria osteoblasts on various matrices.
  • Initial adhesion of the cells to different matrix compositions was analyzed by means of cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization (actin staining with phalloidin) and formation of the focal adhesion complexes by means of integrin receptors (immunostaining against vinculin).
  • Adhesion was most pronounced after 2 hours on collagen-CS matrices followed by collagen-decorin.
  • the formation of the FACS green-yellow dots and red on the ends of the actin fibrils
  • Controls using pure collagen matrices showed significantly less FACS after 2 hours.
  • the influence of the matrix composition on the differentiation of the osteoblasts was investigated by means of the expression of the marker protein osteopontin by means of fluorescence-activated cell scanning. Osteoblasts on collagen-CS surfaces produced 5 times more osteopontin ( ⁇ 2500 fluorescence units) after 8 days than cells on pure collagen surfaces ( ⁇ 500 fluorescence units). Formation conditions of the matrix: 500 ⁇ g/ml of collagen, 30 ⁇ g/ml of decorin and/or chondroitin sulfate, 37° C., 30 mmol/l of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing 135 mmol/l of NaCl.
  • FIG. 6 shows the activity of the alkaline phosphatase in activity units U per mg of protein after addition of 4 pmol/cm 2 of rhBMP-4 to rat calvaria cells.
  • the BMP activity is underregulated, while on chondroitin sulfate-containing matrices it is increased.
  • Formation conditions of the matrix 500 ⁇ g/ml of collagen, 30 ⁇ g/ml of decorin and/or chondroitin sulfate, 37° C., 30 mmol/l of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing 135 mmol/l of NaCl.
  • Ti implants which have annular incisions at right angles to the axis and thus represent a defect model, are cleaned with 1% Triton X-100, acetone and 96% ethanol, rinsed with distilled water and dried.
  • the implants employed are coated in two successive dip-coating steps with:
  • the implants are washed with distilled water, air-dried and sterilized with ethylene oxide at 42° C. for 12 h. Immediately before implantation, the surface condition C is coated overnight with recombinant BMP-4 (400 ng/ml) at 4° C. and subsequently dried.
  • the implants are employed in the lower jaw of minipigs.
  • the bone implant contact was determined histomorphometrically after 6 months.

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AU2005232363A2 (en) 2005-10-27
WO2005099785A1 (de) 2005-10-27
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KR101162191B1 (ko) 2012-07-05
KR20070004844A (ko) 2007-01-09
ATE435668T1 (de) 2009-07-15
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DE502005007658D1 (de) 2009-08-20
US20100119575A1 (en) 2010-05-13
CA2563545C (en) 2013-02-12
ES2329153T3 (es) 2009-11-23
AU2005232363B2 (en) 2010-10-21
CA2563545A1 (en) 2005-10-27
AU2005232363A1 (en) 2005-10-27
EP1735022B1 (de) 2009-07-08

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