US20070216073A1 - Tapping Tube for a Metallurgical Fusion Pot - Google Patents

Tapping Tube for a Metallurgical Fusion Pot Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070216073A1
US20070216073A1 US11/568,181 US56818105A US2007216073A1 US 20070216073 A1 US20070216073 A1 US 20070216073A1 US 56818105 A US56818105 A US 56818105A US 2007216073 A1 US2007216073 A1 US 2007216073A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tapping tube
tapping
section
tube according
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/568,181
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English (en)
Inventor
Roland Pungersek
Roland Lanzenberger
Manfred Slamenik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
Assigned to REFRACTORY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GMBH & CO. KG reassignment REFRACTORY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GMBH & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LANZENBERGER, ROLAND, PUNGERSEK, ROLAND, SLAMENIK, MANFRED
Assigned to REFRACTORY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GMBH & CO. KG reassignment REFRACTORY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GMBH & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LANZENBERGER, RONALD, PUNGERSEK, ROLAND, SLAMENIK, MANFRED
Publication of US20070216073A1 publication Critical patent/US20070216073A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1509—Tapping equipment
    • F27D3/1518—Tapholes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/44—Refractory linings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4653—Tapholes; Opening or plugging thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tapping tube for a metallurgical melting vessel.
  • a metallurgical melting vessel is defined as an apparatus in which a metallurgical melt is produced, treated, and/or transported, for example a converter or an arc furnace.
  • Metal melt in the melting vessel is fed to a downstream apparatus via the tapping tube.
  • steel is fed from the converter to a downstream continuous casting installation via a ladle.
  • the metal melt should be as free from impurities as possible when it is transported. For example, contact with the ambient atmosphere (oxygen, nitrogen) should be avoided as well as the inclusion of slag.
  • a converter tapping spout is known from EP 0 057 946 B1 which includes a plurality of fireproof blocks or discs, connected to each other axially.
  • the converter tapping spout may also be monolithic with the same geometry.
  • FIG. 1 shows this prior art, which has proven its commercial value for a long time.
  • the central through-flow channel for the metal melt material may be conical, cylindrical, or reduced in steps from the inflow end to the outflow end. In any case, when metal melt is passed through, it quickly causes erosion of the outer wall in the through-flow channel, so that its cross section is constantly being enlarged during operation, as is shown schematically in FIG. 2 .
  • the object of the invention is to provide a tapping tube (spout) that enables tapping times to remain as constant as possibly for the entire period of use, while minimising nonproductive times.
  • the main idea of the invention is to construct the tapping tube in two functional parts, a first part that may be configured in accordance with prior art, and a second part that may be connected to the first part thereby creating a complete tapping tube and which is easily replaceable (exchangeable).
  • the invention is based on the realisation that the section of the tapping tube that determines the nature of the flow is the outflow end.
  • the cross section at the outflow end determines the outflow quantity and thus also the outflow time (tapping time) of the metal melt.
  • This is the “outer” part, that is to say the part farthest from the melting bath in the metallurgical vessel, so that the relatively lowest temperatures occur here, which makes it easier to replace a corresponding tapping part.
  • FIG. 3 The basic inventive concept is presented in FIG. 3 based on FIGS. 1 and 2 . It should be noted that the upper part of the tapping arrangement, starting from inflow end E, has been taken without changes from prior art, and an approximated condition of wear of FIG. 2 is reflected in FIG. 3 .
  • an end A at the outflow side of the tapping tube is designed as a separate, replaceable assembly B, which is sealingly connected to the adjacent part of the tapping tube, as will be described in detail.
  • the replaceable component B which is essentially cylindrical in shape, has a through-flow channel D 1 , the cross sectional area of which corresponds to a target cross sectional area of the through-flow channel without any wear.
  • annular shoulder S will be formed in the transition region to the upper part of the tapping tube, but this is deliberately accepted, because repairing of the upper part of the tapping tube is not acceptable for the reasons given, and is also not necessary from a technological point of view, because the tapping time and the mass flow of the tapped metal melt is determined only by the cross section of the through-flow channel at outflow end A.
  • connection zone between replaceable component B and the fixed part of the tapping tube must be leak-proof, but it must also be designed such that component B is easily detachable. To this end, the following suggested solutions are described.
  • the invention thus relates to a tapping tube for a metallurgical melting vessel having the following features:
  • cylindrical includes sections having a circular cross section, but also all other sectional geometries. This applies for both internal and external sections of the tube.
  • the tube In the axial direction (direction of flow of the metal melt), the tube may be cylindrical or conical in shape. Other shapes are also possible, for example a stepped surface.
  • the internal and the external cross section may be polygonal or oval. Any polygonal shape is possible.
  • the most critical point for the tapping tube of the invention is that the replaceable part delimits through-flow channel D (D 1 ) peripherally.
  • part B extends over the entire cross sectional area of the tapping tube.
  • part is implemented in the lower (outflow side) end section of the tapping tube, as will be illustrated in the following.
  • the cylindrical part may have any internal cross section.
  • the through-flow channel has a round or oval internal cross section in the area of the part.
  • the cross sectional area should match the target cross section area for the purpose of assuring the desired mass flow and tapping time.
  • the through-flow channel in the area of the part may have a constant internal cross section when viewed from the top of the part but it may also be conformed to be slightly conical or stepped towards the outflow end.
  • the cylindrical component (part) may be fitted in an outer, cylindrical end section of the tapping tube. In this way, the target length of the tapping tube remains unchanged. Only a changing sleeve is disposed detachably on the outflow end.
  • this may also be shortened for a predetermined length of the tapping tube, in which case when the replaceable part is installed it restores the tapping tube to its original length.
  • the replaceable component (part) may be fixed on or in the other part of the tapping tube in various ways.
  • One possibility is to construct the part with an external thread, which cooperates with a corresponding internal thread.
  • This internal thread may be arranged as a separate part in the outflow area of the tapping tube at the associated metallurgical melting vessel. It may also be an integral component of the outflow end of the tapping tube, particularly in the case of the inserted part as described.
  • a bayonet connection is also possible instead of a threaded connection.
  • the cylindrical replaceable part has buffers along its outer surface or at its outlet end for compression means acting in the direction of the inlet end onto said part.
  • the compression means may be springs, for example, that are disposed on a retaining mechanism, which in turn is fixed to the outside of the metallurgical melting vessel.
  • the determining feature is that the replacement component is biased towards the inflow end of the tapping tube in such a manner that a leak-proof joint is created with the remaining part of the tapping tube.
  • the corresponding retaining means are therefore disposed particularly at the free lower front surface or on the outer periphery of the part.
  • the quality of the seal may be improved if the front face on the mounted end of the part has a contoured surface, i.e., it is not smooth.
  • a contoured surface i.e., it is not smooth.
  • Such contouring may consist of individual, discrete knobs or ridges.
  • the contouring may also comprise rib-like projections in a concentric or spiral arrangement.
  • the surface of the tapping tube against which the front surface of the changing component is pressed may also be conformed in the same way.
  • a further alternative provides for placing a seal between the corresponding surfaces of the tapping tube and the component. Particularly if the corresponding surface sections of the fireproof material are more or less flat, it is sensible to conform the normally annular seal with surface contouring such as was described previously.
  • these profiling enable a certain elasticity and thus also deformability when the part is mounted onto the remaining section of the tapping tube.
  • a suitable sealing material is graphite, for example, since this also has the corresponding thermal resistance.
  • the seal may also be produced from a sealing compound, for example as an emulsion of flake graphite and oil.
  • the contact surface (frontal surface) of the described part with the ceramic section of the other part of the tapping tube may be flat (in particular perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis of the tapping tube) or convex, particularly cambered, which is to say arched towards the inflow end.
  • the part may include a temporary barrier for a “first slag”.
  • This first slag flows into the tapping tube (and subsequently into the downstream metallurgical melting vessel) when the converter is tipped, and this is undesirable.
  • the invention therefore provides that the component be constructed with a blocking element that temporarily fills the entire internal cross section (through-flow channel).
  • “temporary” means that the blocking effect only needs to be very short, a few seconds for example, before metal melt flows into the tapping channel in the tapping process.
  • Such a blocking element may be a thin metal panel, for example, or a type of cup, which are placed in the through-flow channel of the component (part), for example via spring arms (claws) on the peripheral surface thereof.
  • the component may generally be of any length. The most important is, as described above,the outflow cross section at the outflow end. However, the operating life of the part may be prolonged if it is at least 1.5 times as long as the smallest internal diameter, a ratio of 1.5 to 3 usually being sufficient. This length is also important for obtaining the desired characteristic of the outflowing melt. In particular, a uniform outflow of the melt is achieved.
  • the tapping tube described enables highly constant tapping times to be achieved, and thus also improved availability of the melting unit.
  • Replacement of the end component may be automated. Since it is replaced from the outside, this may be performed easily and quickly. It is fitted in such manner that the outflow end of the tapping tube lies more or less flush with the outer wall of the metallurgical melting vessel.
  • the end part may be made from the same material as the rest of the tapping tube. Or the two sections may also be produced from different materials.
  • the part may be constructed from a highly wear-resistant material grade.
  • Different thermal expansions of different materials may be compensated by the sealing area described previously, and/or by an elastic retaining mechanism for the component.
  • FIG. 4 a partial cross section of an end section of a tapping tube
  • FIG. 5 a top view of and a section through surface 24 of the replaceable component of the tapping tube of FIG. 4 ,
  • FIG. 6 a partial sectional view of another embodiment of a tapping tube, in which only the lower part is shown.
  • FIG. 4 shows the lower part of a tapping tube 10 , which is fitted in a refractory lining of a converter 12 which shows on outer metal envelope 14 .
  • an end section 18 of tapping tube 10 has an extended inner recess 20 , in this case with a cylindrical wall surface.
  • a metal ring 22 is adhered to the wall area of end section 18 directly adjacent outflow end 16 , and has an internal thread.
  • Component B is cylindrical.
  • the external diameter of component B corresponds to the internal diameter of recess 20 . This enables component B to be inserted into recess 20 along the described thread until it lies flush in closing manner with end section 18 and metal envelope 14 at outflow end 16 .
  • Component B has a central through-flow channel D 1 which has a circular cross section, and which matches a target cross section of through-flow channel D at the outflow end of tapping tube 10 .
  • a graphite seal 28 is situated between an upper frontal surface 24 of component B and the corresponding contact surface 26 of section 18 , and is compressed into recess 20 when component B is screwed in, so that the size of seal 28 is exaggerated in the drawing.
  • component B When tapping tube 10 becomes worn, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 , component B is also susceptible to wear, but only component B is replaced, thereby creating an arrangement that essentially corresponds to that of FIG. 3 . In these circumstances, component B is unscrewed from recess 20 and a new component with a defined through-flow channel D 1 is inserted instead.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section (bottom) and a top view (top) of the conformation of frontal surface 24 of component B with concentric, raised ribs 24 r, wherein seal 28 is advantageously able to be pressed into the depressions formed between ribs 24 r, thus enhancing the sealing effect.
  • Component B is not disposed in a recess 20 of end section 18 of tapping tube 10 .
  • the upper part of tapping tube 10 is shortened by the length (height) of component B, with the result that contact surface 26 for component B extends over the entire wall thickness of tube 10 .
  • component B with central through-flow channel D 1 which has a circular cross section—is a truncated cone and is disposed in a corresponding metal sleeve 30 , which is furnished with a ridge 32 running radially.
  • Retaining arms 34 abut this ridge 32 , and are biased towards the upper part of taping tube 10 via compression springs 36 .
  • Springs 36 are supported on arms 38 , which are fixed at the metal envelope 14 of the metallurgical melting vessel (not shown in detail). Projecting parts form a retaining mechanism for component B.
  • a seal for example a graphite foil, may also be disposed between surfaces 24 , 26 , which may also be contoured.
  • component B may be replaced quickly by detaching the retaining mechanism.
  • the new component B (with through-flow channel D 1 ) is then fixed with the retaining mechanism and then provides an outflow cross section with defined target diameter for subsequent tapping operations.
  • FIG. 6 also shows a schematic representation of a pot-shaped blocking element 40 , produced from thin sheet metal, and the peripheral lip of which rests on the upper frontal surface 24 of component B when the component is pressed against corresponding contact surface 26 .
  • Blocking element 40 prevents the first slag from getting into a downstream melting vessel when the metal melt is tapped along through-flow channel D. Only a small amount of slag is able to advance through-flow channel D up to blocking element 40 .
  • the slag in the inflow part of tapping tube 10 can either float upwards or drain out as part of the slag when blocking element 40 has melted. Thereafter, only molten metal passes through tapping tube 10 .
  • the illustrated blocking element represents just one possible design solution.
  • the essential feature is that when component B is changed, a fresh blocking element with the same function is able to be installed at the same time, which then blocks through-flow channel D temporarily.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Tubes (AREA)
US11/568,181 2004-10-18 2005-09-16 Tapping Tube for a Metallurgical Fusion Pot Abandoned US20070216073A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004050701.5 2004-10-18
DE102004050701A DE102004050701B3 (de) 2004-10-18 2004-10-18 Abstichrohr für ein metallurgisches Schmelzgefäß
PCT/EP2005/009957 WO2006042597A1 (de) 2004-10-18 2005-09-16 Abstichrohr für ein metallurgisches schmelzgefäss

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20070216073A1 true US20070216073A1 (en) 2007-09-20

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ID=35240852

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/568,181 Abandoned US20070216073A1 (en) 2004-10-18 2005-09-16 Tapping Tube for a Metallurgical Fusion Pot

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20070216073A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP1805330A1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2008516772A (ko)
KR (1) KR20070068304A (ko)
CN (1) CN1973054A (ko)
AR (1) AR051219A1 (ko)
BR (1) BRPI0513000A (ko)
CA (1) CA2563472C (ko)
DE (1) DE102004050701B3 (ko)
WO (1) WO2006042597A1 (ko)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070164491A1 (en) * 2004-06-04 2007-07-19 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Tapping pipe
EP3037558A1 (en) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-29 Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG Device for inserting a refractory block into a taphole structure of a metallurgical vessel, in particular a basic oxygen furnace, and a method for an automatic supply of the refractory

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010056117B3 (de) * 2010-12-23 2012-04-19 Zetko Maschinenbau Gmbh Konverter für Metallschmelze mit einer in einen Abstichkanal eingesetzten Hülse sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Setzen der Hülse und ein Verfahren zum Ersatz der Hülse
CN110195982B (zh) * 2019-06-27 2024-05-10 米易锦秀机械制造有限公司 两段式可拆卸堵头
CN110174001B (zh) * 2019-06-27 2024-07-05 米易锦秀机械制造有限公司 三段式可拆卸堵头
KR20210154542A (ko) 2020-06-12 2021-12-21 안재훈 체지방 측정 웨어러블 디바이스를 기반으로 한 맞춤 도시락 제공 서비스
CN114807502B (zh) * 2021-01-28 2023-12-12 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种环缝型旋流转炉底吹元件及应用方法
EP4311994A1 (de) * 2022-07-26 2024-01-31 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Metallurgisches gefäss mit einer abstichvorrichtung zum kontrollierten abstechen von flüssigem metall

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US2967339A (en) * 1958-09-26 1961-01-10 Lukens Steel Co Ladle
US4474362A (en) * 1983-03-24 1984-10-02 Flo-Con Systems, Inc. Valve and method and components thereof
US4984769A (en) * 1988-12-23 1991-01-15 Didier-Werke Ag Tap spout for metallurgical vessels and method of repairing
US5316271A (en) * 1989-06-01 1994-05-31 Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd. Discharge regulator of molten metal
US5329987A (en) * 1992-06-22 1994-07-19 Tokyo Yogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Molten metal pouring pipe for pressure-casting machine
US5335715A (en) * 1990-08-09 1994-08-09 Nippon Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for continuous casting

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JPS52136917A (en) * 1976-05-11 1977-11-16 Ube Ind Ltd Fungicide for agriculture and gardening use
AT387039B (de) * 1981-02-05 1988-11-25 Veitscher Magnesitwerke Ag Abstichvorrichtung fuer konverter
JPS62151057A (ja) * 1985-12-25 1987-07-06 Nec Corp 留守番電話
JPH0763484A (ja) * 1993-08-24 1995-03-10 Nippon Steel Corp 溶解炉における炉底出鋼ノズル
JP2860884B2 (ja) * 1994-10-26 1999-02-24 東芝セラミックス株式会社 溶鋼流量制御用耐火物及びそのシール方法
JP3012496B2 (ja) * 1995-08-29 2000-02-21 住友重機械工業株式会社 連続鋳造設備における浸漬ノズル
WO2005024069A2 (de) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-17 Stopinc Aktiengesellschaft Abstichvorrichtung für ein schmelzgefäss, insbesondere für einen konverter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2967339A (en) * 1958-09-26 1961-01-10 Lukens Steel Co Ladle
US4474362A (en) * 1983-03-24 1984-10-02 Flo-Con Systems, Inc. Valve and method and components thereof
US4984769A (en) * 1988-12-23 1991-01-15 Didier-Werke Ag Tap spout for metallurgical vessels and method of repairing
US5316271A (en) * 1989-06-01 1994-05-31 Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd. Discharge regulator of molten metal
US5335715A (en) * 1990-08-09 1994-08-09 Nippon Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for continuous casting
US5329987A (en) * 1992-06-22 1994-07-19 Tokyo Yogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Molten metal pouring pipe for pressure-casting machine

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070164491A1 (en) * 2004-06-04 2007-07-19 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Tapping pipe
US7556765B2 (en) * 2004-06-04 2009-07-07 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co., Kg Tapping pipe
EP3037558A1 (en) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-29 Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG Device for inserting a refractory block into a taphole structure of a metallurgical vessel, in particular a basic oxygen furnace, and a method for an automatic supply of the refractory
WO2016102110A1 (en) * 2014-12-22 2016-06-30 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for inserting a refractory block into a taphole structure of a metallurgical vessel, in particular a basic oxygen furnace, and a method for an automatic supply of the refractory
US10400294B2 (en) 2014-12-22 2019-09-03 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for inserting a refractory block into a taphole structure of a metallurgical vessel, in particular a basic oxygen furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AR051219A1 (es) 2006-12-27
WO2006042597A1 (de) 2006-04-27
KR20070068304A (ko) 2007-06-29
CA2563472A1 (en) 2006-04-27
JP2008516772A (ja) 2008-05-22
BRPI0513000A (pt) 2008-04-22
DE102004050701B3 (de) 2006-04-06
CN1973054A (zh) 2007-05-30
CA2563472C (en) 2010-02-02
EP1805330A1 (de) 2007-07-11

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: REFRACTORY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GMBH & CO. KG, AU

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LANZENBERGER, ROLAND;SLAMENIK, MANFRED;PUNGERSEK, ROLAND;REEL/FRAME:018422/0203

Effective date: 20061009

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Effective date: 20061009

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