Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
  • C10L1/2387—Polyoxyalkyleneamines (poly)oxyalkylene amines and derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
  • C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
  • C08F8/32—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups by reaction with amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G14/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with two or more other monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08G8/00 - C08G12/00
  • C08G14/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with two or more other monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08G8/00 - C08G12/00 of aldehydes
  • C08G14/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with two or more other monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08G8/00 - C08G12/00 of aldehydes with phenols
  • C08G14/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with two or more other monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08G8/00 - C08G12/00 of aldehydes with phenols and monomers containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to a novel reaction to create a Mannich reaction product and the Mannich product prepared from the reaction of an amino alcohol, a high molecular weight hydroxy aromatic compound, and an aldehyde. Also provided are a fuel additive and a fuel composition using the Mannich base detergent, and benefits resulting from the use of the Mannich base detergent in the same.
• Mannich compounds are known Mannich reaction products have been taught for use as detergents in fuels, Non-volatile constituents of fuel, such as additives, form deposits on engine components. Conventional oil/fuel-soluble Mannich condensation products help to reduce deposits.
• Mannich reaction products are made from the three-component reaction of an amine, an aldehyde and a hydroxy aromatic compound. It has been disclosed to create a Mannich condensation product from alkylphenols, aliehydes, and amines. Mannich condensation products can also be formed by combining a polyisobutyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, an aldehyde, an amino acid or ester thereof, and an alkali metal base.
• a lubricity additive for use in low sulfur content, middle-distillate fuels, is known to be a fuel-soluble reaction product obtained by the reaction of a low molecular weight alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, an aldehyde, and an amino-alcohol.
• U.S. Pat. No 6,176,886 is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• a low molecular weight Mannich product is thought to be a poor detergent.
• the '886 reference itself suggests combining the reaction product taught in that reference (a lubricity additive) with a Mannich condensation product comprising the reaction product of a high molecular weight alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound an aldehyde and a polyamine (a detergent additive). It is believed that the low molecular weight carbon chains decompose on intake valves or other engine components. Deposits or material that were attached to the Mannich product are left behind as a deposit in fuel injectors or on intake valves. While numerous treatments for fuels are known, the prior art does not disclose reaction product of the present invention. There is a need or desire to create new processes to prepare Mannich products and/or to improve the performance of such a product as a detergent fuel additive or additized fuel formulation.
• an additive package including the reaction product formed by reacting the compounds of formulas (I), (II), and (III).
• the additive package acts as a detergent in a fuel. Therefore, use of the additive package with a fuel reduces intake valve deposits, increases or better maintains injector cleanliness, and the like relative to a fuel without the additive
• a fuel composition comprising a major amount of fuel and a minor amount of a Mannich additive or reaction product prepared by the reaction of compounds having formulas (I), (II), and (III).
• the Mannich additive may be present in the fuel in an amount within the range of from about 10 ppm-1000 ppm w/w treat rate. In one example, a 30 ppm-500 ppm w/w treat rate for the additive is preferred.
• the Mannich reaction product taught herein is operable with a fuel or fuel additive package to increase the performance of a combustion engine and/or associated components (intake valves, fuel injectors, and the like).
• the Mannich reaction product is obtained by the reaction of an amino alcohol, a high molecular, weight hydroxyaromatic compound, and an aldehyde.
• the present invention contains an OH group on the amine.
• the reaction product is intended for use as a detergent that operates to decrease intake valve deposits (IVDs) and to increase fuel injector cleanliness and performance.
• the high molecular weight hydroxyaromatic compound provides detergency characteristics to the reaction product.
• the long chain/high molecular weight of the hydroxcyaromatic compound in the reaction product helps the reaction product resist decomposition on intake valves. Therefore, any material attached to the polar end of the reaction product is “washed off” the intake valve as the reaction product moves through the valve.
• the increased detergency characteristics also provide improved injector cleanliness.
• the Mannich product is formed by reacting or combining compounds of the formulas (I), (II), and (III) where the formulas are defined as follows:
• the hydroxy aromatic compound for use with the present invention has a molecular weight of at least about 500. This relatively high molecular weight provides detergency characteristics to the resulting reaction product, as discussed herein. In one example, the molecular weight is between about 550 and about 1500.
• the hydroxy aromatic compound might be a PIB-cresol with a molecular weight ranging from about 700 to about 1100.
• the detergency characteristics include, but are not limited to, the reduction of intake valve deposits and improved injector cleanliness relative to a fuel that does not contain the reaction product.
• the reaction is conducted, in one preferred embodiment, by first adding an alkylate to a flask.
• An aromatic solvent such as Aromatic 100, is added to the container holding the components.
• Other suitable solvents are available (eg., toluene). Approximately 75% of the total calculated aromatic solvent is added to the components at this point.
• the components are stirred under a N 2 blanket. N 2 is set to approximately 0.1 to 0.2 SCFH.
• the specified amine When homogenous, the specified amine is added. Temperature will normally be in the 40 to 45 degrees Celsius range. The aldehyde is then added and the temperature rises to bout 45 to 50 degrees Celsius.
• the alkylate, the amine, and an aldehyde can be combined at different quantities that are pre-determined based upon requested mole rations. In one example, the ratio is 1:1:1 of alkylate:amine:aldehyde.
• the alkylate in one example, is an ortho alkyl substituted hydroxyl aromatic.
• the temperature set point is increased to about 80 degrees Celsius where it is held for about 30 to 60 minutes. At that point, the temperature is set to 145 degrees Celsius in preparation of the start of distillation, which generally takes place about 30 minutes later. Distillation occurs at 95-105 degrees Celsius, and, for distillation, the N 2 is set to approximately 0.5 SCFH.
• the temperature is maintained at 145 degrees Celsius for another 2 to 2.5 hours. After distillation, the total weight of the product in the container determines the amount of additional solvent needed to bring the final package composition to 25% solvent.
• the alkylate can comprise other suitable high molecular weight components such as, and without limitation, a PIB-cresol, PIB-phenol, or the like.
• suitable amino-alcohols may be, for example, 2-arnino-1,3-propanediol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, ethanolamine and diethanolamine.
• the aldehyde is, in the example discussed above, formaldehyde.
• Other representative aldehydes for use in the preparation of the high molecular weight Mannich product include other aliphatic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, caproaldehyde, heptaldehyde, and stearaldehyde.
• Aromatic aldehydes are suitable as well, including, for example, benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde.
• Illustrative heteroqyclic aldehydes for use herein are furfural and thiophene aldehyde, and the like.
• Formaldehyde-producing reagents such as paraformaldehyde or aqueous formaldehyde solutions such as formalin could be used.
• the Mannich additive When formulating the additized fuel or fuel composition, the Mannich additive, with or without other additives, is employed in an amount effective to decrease IVDs or to increase or better maintain fuel injector cleanliness relative to a fuel that does not contain the additive.
• an additized fuel would include the Mannich additive in an amount within the range of from about 10 ppm-1000 ppm w/w. In one example, a 30 ppm-500 ppm w/w treat rate for the additive may be used.
• the fuel composition with the reaction product of the present invention may contain or be joined with supplemental additives, such as lubricity additives, dispersants, cetane improves, other detergents, antioxidants, carrier fluids, and the like.
• supplemental additives such as lubricity additives, dispersants, cetane improves, other detergents, antioxidants, carrier fluids, and the like.
• the reaction product of the present invention should not adversely impact upon the activity of these other additives. Further, a fuel or additive package containing the reaction product should not detrimentally impact the combustion properties of a fuel.
• amino alcohol or “amino hydroxy compound”, unless expressly stated otherwise, means a compound containing both (i) at least one primary or secondary amine and (ii) at least one hydroxyl group. It is therefore contemplated and included herein that one, two or more amine groups can be present on the structure (II) in addition to the one or more hydroxyl groups.
• the structure (II) can be an aminated glycol or animated polyol.
• This test is to qualify additive effectiveness on reducing intake valve deposit.
• the additive is added to a base fuel (European reference fuel) at a specified dosage rate.
• the test is to simulate the IVD deposition (IVD Simulator, Model L-2. Chinese Patent No. ZL03261710.0).
• 300 ml of additized fuel is used for the test.
• the fuel and air flow are metered through a flow meter to an injector.
• the mixture of air and fuel is spraying against a heated metal plate at around 174° C.
• the metal plate is weighted before and after the test. Each test lasts about 70 minutes.
• fuel codes R04004651 and R04006588 are identical fuels taken from different fuel batches.
• AC-2400 is a commercial product “ACTACLEAR”TM 2400 from Bayers.
• A-100 is aromatic 100 solvent.
• H-6410 is a commercial product from Afton Chemical
• the ratio ranges of (I), (II) and (III) might be, in one embodiment, 1:2.5:2.5.
• the compounds of (I), (II), and (III) are supplied in the ratios of 1:2:2.
• the ratio of the three components is 1:1:1. Therefore, examples of preferred ratios range from 1:1-2.5:1-2.5 for the components (I), (II), and (III).

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

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Cited By (11)

Citations (5)

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• 2006
  • 2006-12-28 US US11/617,005 patent/US20070151144A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2007
  • 2007-03-22 EP EP07104655A patent/EP1942176A3/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-04-27 CN CN2007101019700A patent/CN101210205B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-11-27 SG SG200718083-9A patent/SG144037A1/en unknown

Patent Citations (5)

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