US20070119987A1 - Pressurised water pressure-reducing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant - Google Patents

Pressurised water pressure-reducing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070119987A1
US20070119987A1 US10/575,165 US57516504A US2007119987A1 US 20070119987 A1 US20070119987 A1 US 20070119987A1 US 57516504 A US57516504 A US 57516504A US 2007119987 A1 US2007119987 A1 US 2007119987A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pressure reduction
stage
nozzle
orifice
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/575,165
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English (en)
Inventor
Patrick Vion
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Suez International SAS
Original Assignee
Degremont SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degremont SA filed Critical Degremont SA
Assigned to DEGREMONT reassignment DEGREMONT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VION, PATRICK
Publication of US20070119987A1 publication Critical patent/US20070119987A1/en
Priority to US12/465,868 priority Critical patent/US7651620B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B03D1/24—Pneumatic
    • B03D1/242—Nozzles for injecting gas into the flotation tank

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pressure-reducing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation cell.
  • Water treatment plants comprising a flotation cell into which raw water is admitted, previously flocculated then mixed with pressurized water and reduced in pressure so that the suspended solids contained in the raw water are entrained by the microbubbles resulting from this pressure reduction, then discharged, in the form of sludge, at the surface of the liquid contained in the cell, the treated water being discharged via the bottom of this cell.
  • a flotation cell into which raw water is admitted, previously flocculated then mixed with pressurized water and reduced in pressure so that the suspended solids contained in the raw water are entrained by the microbubbles resulting from this pressure reduction, then discharged, in the form of sludge, at the surface of the liquid contained in the cell, the treated water being discharged via the bottom of this cell.
  • Flotation therefore constitutes a clarification technology (solid/liquid separation) which is an alternative to settling at least for some types of water.
  • the water is mixed with an emulsion of microbubbles generally consisting of air (having an average diameter of between 30 and 80 ⁇ m)
  • microbubbles cling to the flocs which, lightened in this way, have a tendency to rise to the surface of the flotation cell where they accumulate to form a layer or bed of sludge.
  • the sludge is extracted at the surface of the flotation unit, while the clarified water is discharged via the bottom of the device.
  • a part of this clarified water (generally of the order of 10% of the water to be treated) is pumped at 4 or 6.10 5 Pa into a special tank (called a pressurization tank) where the air is dissolved in great quantity (up to 5 times the maximum concentration of air in water at atmospheric pressure).
  • a pressurization tank a special tank
  • the air is dissolved in great quantity (up to 5 times the maximum concentration of air in water at atmospheric pressure).
  • the water is placed in a condition of supersaturation and generates microbubbles.
  • This pressure reduction is created by static systems called pressure-reducing nozzles. These pressure-reducing nozzles are placed in a special zone where the microbubbles are mixed with the flocculated water.
  • a floc To be physically separated from the water in a settling tank, a floc must be dense or large scale.
  • said floc just needs to be formed; it may be small and very light.
  • Flocculation can therefore be simplified, hence the almost general absence of polymer for treating lightly laden water by flotation and the use of smaller flocculation reactors than those of settling tanks.
  • microbubble generators must produce microbubbles of very small diameter with an energy dissipated into the medium compatible with the fragility of the floc.
  • flotation proves extremely competitive compared with settling tanks.
  • the microbubbles must be particularly suited in number and quality.
  • the WRC nozzle is disclosed in particular in FR-P-1 444 026. It comprises:
  • the invention Based on this state of the art (WRC nozzle), the invention provides a new nozzle for achieving quite unexpected hydraulic performances in industrial plants (large capacity nozzles>500 l/h) and especially operation at more than 30 m/h instead of 20 m/h with the “B” nozzle according to the prior state of the art.
  • this invention relates to a pressurized water pressure-reducing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant comprising a first pressure reduction stage, an intermediate transfer chamber, a second pressure reduction stage and an outlet pipe, this nozzle being characterized in that:
  • the first and second pressure reduction stages are produced in the form of a diaphragm comprising one or more orifices of any shape, the hydraulic diameter of the orifice of the first stage, or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several orifices, being greater than the hydraulic diameter of the orifice of the second stage, or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several of them.
  • the pressure reduction d 1 is carried out by means of a valve, a baffle or any other flow restriction device.
  • the intermediate or transition chamber has a height, i.e. a distance separating the first pressure reduction stage from the second stage, which is less than the diameter of the orifice of the first pressure reduction (or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several orifices), preferably equal to half this diameter.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an axial vertical section of a nozzle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 relates to laboratory experiments and illustrates the results provided by the invention with respect to those obtained with the aid of nozzles according to the prior state of the art recalled above and
  • FIG. 3 expresses industrial data that illustrate the results provided by the invention with respect to those obtained with the aid of nozzles according to this prior state of the art.
  • the nozzle according to the present invention comprises a first pressure reduction stage 1 produced here in the form of a diaphragm comprising an orifice of diameter d 1 , an intermediate or transfer chamber 3 , a second pressure reduction stage 2 comprising two or more orifices (the equivalent hydraulic diameter of these orifices being equal to d 2 ), and an outlet pipe 4 .
  • the diaphragm forming the pressure reduction of a stage may comprise one or more orifices. If it comprises several orifices (as is the case of the second pressure reduction stage 2 of this example of embodiment), the hydraulic diameter d (or d 2 in this example of embodiment), is the equivalent diameter of an orifice whose area is equal to the sum of the areas of the orifices of this diaphragm.
  • the first pressure reduction stage 1 creates a simple preliminary pressure reduction, the objective being that upstream of the second pressure reduction stage 2 , the pressure should be close to the saturation pressure of the pressurized water.
  • the hydraulic diameter d 1 of the flow restriction system orifice forming this first stage 1 is greater than that of the hydraulic diameter d 2 of the orifice of the diaphragm forming the second stage 2 (or of the equivalent orifice when this diaphragm comprises several orifices as is the case of the mode of embodiment illustrated by FIG. 1 ).
  • d 1 is equal to 1.5 d 2 .
  • the pressure loss is of the order of 5 to 35%, preferably of the order of 15%.
  • the gas (primarily air) must not be desorbed.
  • the height of the chamber 3 must be less than the equivalent hydraulic diameter of the orifice of the flow restriction system of the first pressure reduction stage 1 , this height e being the distance separating the two pressure reduction stages as seen in FIG. 1 .
  • This intermediate transfer chamber 3 forms a transition chamber for approaching saturation.
  • the pressure loss obtained in this chamber 3 is of the order of 5 to 30%.
  • the second pressure reduction stage, 2 is, according to the present invention, the only effective pressure reduction that causes the pressurized water to pass from saturation pressure to the nozzle outlet pressure (height of immersion of the nozzle).
  • the hydraulic diameter d 2 of the orifice (or of the equivalent orifice) of the diaphragm forming this stage 2 is always less than that of the first stage 1 and preferably about 1.5 times smaller.
  • the pressure loss obtained thanks to this second pressure reduction stage 2 is of the order of 60 to 90%, preferably 70%.
  • the objective is to concentrate the whole pressure reduction and generation of microbubbles at one point.
  • This second pressure reduction stage 2 has sudden widening, the outlet angle of the orifice or orifices of the diaphragm forming it being level (180°) or between 90 and 270°.
  • Microbubbles are generated in the outlet pipe 4 , which enables two phenomena to be produced:
  • this length L is a function of the diameter of the pipe and basically the distance between the outer wall of the jet or jets and the inner wall of the pipe.
  • the minimum length L of the pipe 4 substantially corresponds to the distance separating the end of said pipe on the second pressure reduction stage 2 side from the point of reattachment of the jets onto the walls of the pipe, with an angle of divergence a of the jets, before reattachment, between 3 and 12° preferably between 6 and 9°.
  • the diaphragm forming the second pressure reduction stage 2 comprises either a single central orifice of any shape (circular, square, rectangular, elliptical), or several orifices situated at an equal distance from the center of the diaphragm.
  • the pipe may terminate with a trumpet-shaped end divergent 5 so as to improve performances and reduce the outlet speed.
  • This type of embodiment enables more large bubbles to be generated than WRC nozzles, but the microbubbles are finer.
  • nozzles About fifty nozzles were tested. These nozzles were derived from the following types:
  • the curves shown in FIG. 2 display the results obtained in microbubble emulsion turbidity and in % of large bubbles.
  • the best nozzle is normally the nozzle that generates the least large bubbles and that has the densest emulsion.
  • the figures associated with DGT nozzles correspond to the lengths L in mm of the pipes 4 fitted with a trumpet end 5 (black squares). It is confirmed that an inadequate length 25 mm does not allow a dense emulsion to be generated. It is necessary to have a length of at least 35 mm for the liquid flows to reattach onto the walls and in the end to obtain a quality emulsion.
  • the jet diffusion angle ⁇ for reattaching to the wall in 35 mm is between 6 to 9° (12 to 18° at the center). Too great a length increases the quantity of large bubbles probably by friction. The quality of the emulsion tends to diminish.
  • the performances of the DGT nozzles according to the present invention, with outlet pipes 4 lacking any trumpet, are represented by light squares.
  • the trumpet ends 5 increase turbidity by 5% to 20% and reduce the nozzle outlet speeds by 10 to 40%.
  • the best nozzles seem to be the improved WRC+ nozzle (small quantity of large bubbles and correct turbidity) and the DGT 35 and DGT 65 nozzles (high density of emulsion despite a high level of large bubbles).
  • FIG. 3 shows that:
  • the present invention is not limited to the examples of embodiment or implementation disclosed and/or mentioned above, but encompasses all variants thereof.
  • the hydraulic diameter d 1 of the orifice of the first pressure reduction stage 1 or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several orifices may be between 1.6 and 1.1 times the diameter of the orifice of the second pressure reduction stage or of the equivalent orifice if this stage comprises several orifices.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
US10/575,165 2003-10-10 2004-10-05 Pressurised water pressure-reducing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant Abandoned US20070119987A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/465,868 US7651620B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2009-05-14 Pressurised water releasing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0311910 2003-10-10
FR0311910A FR2860735B1 (fr) 2003-10-10 2003-10-10 Buse de detente d'eau pressurisee pour generer des microbules dans une installation de flottation
PCT/FR2004/002510 WO2005035105A1 (fr) 2003-10-10 2004-10-05 Buse de detente d'eau pressurisee pour generer des microbulles dans une installation de flottation.

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FR2004/002510 A-371-Of-International WO2005035105A1 (fr) 2003-10-10 2004-10-05 Buse de detente d'eau pressurisee pour generer des microbulles dans une installation de flottation.

Related Child Applications (1)

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US12/465,868 Continuation US7651620B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2009-05-14 Pressurised water releasing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant

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US20070119987A1 true US20070119987A1 (en) 2007-05-31

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US12/465,868 Expired - Lifetime US7651620B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2009-05-14 Pressurised water releasing nozzle for generating microbubbles in a flotation plant

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US (2) US20070119987A1 (da)
EP (1) EP1680213B1 (da)
KR (1) KR101136337B1 (da)
CN (1) CN100413569C (da)
AT (1) ATE355889T1 (da)
AU (1) AU2004280269B2 (da)
BR (1) BRPI0415137B1 (da)
CA (1) CA2540866C (da)
DE (2) DE04791465T1 (da)
DK (1) DK1680213T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2267418T3 (da)
FR (1) FR2860735B1 (da)
HK (1) HK1093460A1 (da)
NZ (1) NZ546480A (da)
PL (1) PL1680213T3 (da)
PT (1) PT1680213E (da)
RU (1) RU2324531C2 (da)
SI (1) SI1680213T1 (da)
WO (1) WO2005035105A1 (da)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110284648A1 (en) * 2010-04-20 2011-11-24 California Institute Of Technology Method to generate micro scale gas filled liquid bubbles as tracer particles or inhaler mist for drug delivery
WO2014089443A1 (en) 2012-12-07 2014-06-12 Advanced Water Recovery, Llc Dissolved air flotation, antisolvent crystallisation and membrane separation for separating buoyant materials and salts from water
US20150125400A1 (en) * 2012-03-22 2015-05-07 Universidad De Sevilla Apparatus and method for mass producing a monodisperse microbubble agent
US9724460B2 (en) 2014-03-25 2017-08-08 Oakwood Healthcare, Inc. Controlled nucleation from gas-supersaturated liquid

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US7448734B2 (en) * 2004-01-21 2008-11-11 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Inkjet printer cartridge with pagewidth printhead
US20110036771A1 (en) 2007-01-09 2011-02-17 Steven Woodard Ballasted anaerobic system and method for treating wastewater
US8470172B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2013-06-25 Siemens Industry, Inc. System for enhancing a wastewater treatment process
US20100213123A1 (en) 2007-01-09 2010-08-26 Marston Peter G Ballasted sequencing batch reactor system and method for treating wastewater
US8840786B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2014-09-23 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc System and method for removing dissolved contaminants, particulate contaminants, and oil contaminants from industrial waste water
FR2916196B1 (fr) * 2007-05-18 2009-07-24 Otv Sa Installation de traitement d'eau par flottation, et procede de traitement d'eau correspondant
FR2922439B1 (fr) 2007-10-18 2010-12-10 Hill Rom Ind Sa Procede de gonflage alterne d'un dispositif de support a cellules gonflables et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
CN101912734B (zh) * 2010-08-20 2012-04-25 中国科学院过程工程研究所 用于制备纳米-数十微米级乳液的膜组件以及乳液制备方法
DE102011012782A1 (de) * 2011-01-20 2012-07-26 Rainer Glöckler Algenernteverfahren und Algenerntevorrichtung zur Durchführung des Algenernteverfahrens
US10919792B2 (en) 2012-06-11 2021-02-16 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Treatment using fixed film processes and ballasted settling
US9651523B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2017-05-16 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc System for measuring the concentration of magnetic ballast in a slurry
US9884295B2 (en) 2012-10-08 2018-02-06 Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. Membrane bioreactor system using reciprocating membrane
US9422168B2 (en) 2013-04-24 2016-08-23 Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. Dissolved air flotation device for liquid clarification
CN103232108B (zh) * 2013-05-15 2014-03-05 陕西师范大学 新型文丘里管式水力空化水处理装置
CN105297356B (zh) * 2014-07-09 2019-02-01 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 一种洗衣机的絮凝容器进水结构及洗衣机
FR3031099B1 (fr) * 2014-12-24 2019-08-30 Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support Buse optimisee d'injection d'eau pressurisee contenant un gaz dissous.
US10603681B2 (en) * 2017-03-06 2020-03-31 Engineered Spray Components LLC Stacked pre-orifices for sprayer nozzles
KR102397440B1 (ko) * 2017-03-23 2022-05-12 주식회사 위니아전자 세탁기 및 세탁기의 미세 기포 생성기 및 세탁기의 미세 기포를 포함한 세탁수의 공급 방법

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US2573982A (en) * 1946-12-14 1951-11-06 Homestead Valve Mfg Co Nozzle
US2585429A (en) * 1946-12-04 1952-02-12 Carsten F Boe Triple expansion nozzle and method of spraying liquids
US3784111A (en) * 1972-03-29 1974-01-08 Spraying Systems Co Foam producing nozzle
US5154351A (en) * 1989-03-10 1992-10-13 Pauli Takko Dispersion water nozzle
US5332100A (en) * 1986-09-25 1994-07-26 The University Of New Castle Research Associates Limited Of University Of New Castle Column flotation method
US20030071372A1 (en) * 2001-09-17 2003-04-17 Bernhard Scherzinger Process and device for aerating a liquid with gas

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CN1191770A (zh) * 1997-02-28 1998-09-02 陶氏化学公司 剪切混合装置及其应用
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US2585429A (en) * 1946-12-04 1952-02-12 Carsten F Boe Triple expansion nozzle and method of spraying liquids
US2573982A (en) * 1946-12-14 1951-11-06 Homestead Valve Mfg Co Nozzle
US3784111A (en) * 1972-03-29 1974-01-08 Spraying Systems Co Foam producing nozzle
US5332100A (en) * 1986-09-25 1994-07-26 The University Of New Castle Research Associates Limited Of University Of New Castle Column flotation method
US5154351A (en) * 1989-03-10 1992-10-13 Pauli Takko Dispersion water nozzle
US20030071372A1 (en) * 2001-09-17 2003-04-17 Bernhard Scherzinger Process and device for aerating a liquid with gas

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110284648A1 (en) * 2010-04-20 2011-11-24 California Institute Of Technology Method to generate micro scale gas filled liquid bubbles as tracer particles or inhaler mist for drug delivery
US10946148B2 (en) 2010-04-20 2021-03-16 California Institute Of Technology Method and apparatus for the production of microscale bubbles by depressurization cavitation
US20150125400A1 (en) * 2012-03-22 2015-05-07 Universidad De Sevilla Apparatus and method for mass producing a monodisperse microbubble agent
US9782733B2 (en) * 2012-03-22 2017-10-10 Universiteit Twente Apparatus and method for mass producing a monodisperse microbubble agent
WO2014089443A1 (en) 2012-12-07 2014-06-12 Advanced Water Recovery, Llc Dissolved air flotation, antisolvent crystallisation and membrane separation for separating buoyant materials and salts from water
US9724460B2 (en) 2014-03-25 2017-08-08 Oakwood Healthcare, Inc. Controlled nucleation from gas-supersaturated liquid
US10898637B2 (en) 2014-03-25 2021-01-26 Oakwood Healthcare, Inc. Controlled nucleation from gas-supersaturated liquid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2005035105A1 (fr) 2005-04-21
HK1093460A1 (en) 2007-03-02
AU2004280269B2 (en) 2010-07-29
BRPI0415137A (pt) 2006-11-28
US20090218293A1 (en) 2009-09-03
DE04791465T1 (de) 2007-01-18
AU2004280269A1 (en) 2005-04-21
DE602004005230D1 (de) 2007-04-19
DE602004005230T2 (de) 2007-07-05
BRPI0415137B1 (pt) 2014-10-14
DK1680213T3 (da) 2007-04-02
SI1680213T1 (sl) 2007-08-31
ES2267418T1 (es) 2007-03-16
EP1680213B1 (fr) 2007-03-07
EP1680213A1 (fr) 2006-07-19
CN100413569C (zh) 2008-08-27
KR101136337B1 (ko) 2012-04-19
CA2540866A1 (fr) 2005-04-21
PL1680213T3 (pl) 2007-09-28
US7651620B2 (en) 2010-01-26
RU2006115380A (ru) 2007-12-20
FR2860735A1 (fr) 2005-04-15
FR2860735B1 (fr) 2006-12-22
KR20060122827A (ko) 2006-11-30
PT1680213E (pt) 2007-03-30
RU2324531C2 (ru) 2008-05-20
ATE355889T1 (de) 2007-03-15
CA2540866C (fr) 2012-05-15
ES2267418T3 (es) 2007-09-16
NZ546480A (en) 2010-06-25
CN1867393A (zh) 2006-11-22

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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VION, PATRICK;REEL/FRAME:018450/0951

Effective date: 20060330

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION